392:
683:
42:
439:
700:, Dyfnwal met his end whilst undertaking a pilgrimage. Surviving sources fail to note the Cumbrian realm between the obituaries of Dyfnwal in 975 and Máel Coluim in 997. Quite when Dyfnwal ceased to possess the kingship is uncertain. On one hand, there is reason to suspect that Rhydderch possessed power in 971. On the other hand, it is also possible that Dyfnwal was still reigning in 973. In fact, this could have been the point when he ceded power to Máel Coluim: conceivably as a consequence of Rhydderch's assassination of Cuilén two years beforehand. Alternately, Dyfnwal may have retained royal control until setting off upon his pilgrimage. If correct, it could have been Edgar's death that precipitated this final trek, and the transference of the Cumbrian kingship to Máel Coluim.
639:
704:
518:
585:
211:
250:
326:
418:
killing reveals that the
Cumbrian realm was indeed a power to be reckoned with. Whilst it is conceivable that Rhydderch could have succeeded Dyfnwal by the time of Cuilén's fall, another possibility is that Dyfnwal was still the king, and that Cináed's strike into Cumbrian territory was the last conflict of Dyfnwal's reign. In fact, it could have been at about this point when Máel Coluim took up the kingship. According to the
769:
have meant that they were deemed unfit to rule. Notwithstanding the uncertainties surrounding his accession, Máel Coluim's reign was evidently unremarkable. Certainly, no source records
Scottish-Cumbrian political relations at about the inception of Máel Coluim's reign, although the fact that Dyfnwal left for Rome could be evidence that the latter did not regard the realm or dynasty to be threatened during his absence.
308:, Edmund had two of Dyfnwal's sons blinded. If these sources are to be believed, they could reveal that the two princes had been English hostages before hostilities broke out, or that they were prisoners captured in the midst of the campaign. The ritual blinding of kings was not an unknown act in contemporary Britain and Ireland, and it is possible that Edmund may have meant to deprive Dyfnwal of a royal heir.
8328:
610:, was also in attendance. Although the chronology concerning the reigns of Cináed and Amlaíb mac Illuilb is uncertain—with Amlaíb mac Illuilb perhaps reigning from 971/976–977 and Cináed from 971/977–995—the part played by the King of Alba at the assembly could well have concerned the frontier of his realm. One of the other named kings seems to have been
768:
If Máel Coluim succeeded
Dyfnwal, it could mean that Rhydderch—if he was indeed Máel Coluim's brother—was either dead or unable to reign as king. Whilst it is possible that the sons of Dyfnwal maimed by the English in 945 were still alive in the 970s, the horrific injuries endured by these men would
316:
as a way to overawe and intimidate neighbouring potentates. Máel Coluim was probably a younger son of
Dyfnwal, and not one of the sons mutilated by the English. The Gaelic name borne by Máel Coluim could indicate that he was born during a period of Scottish dominance over the Cumbrian realm, or that
720:
Máel Coluim's part in the assembly could have partly concerned his father's impending pilgrimage, and that he sought surety for
Dyfnwal's safe passage through Edgar's realm. The fact that Máel Coluim is identified as one of the assembled kings could indicate that Dyfnwal had relinquished control to
417:
was evidently an invasion of the
Kingdom of Strathclyde. This campaign could well have been a retaliatory response to Cuilén's killing, carried out in the context of crushing a British affront to Scottish authority. In any event, Cináed's invasion ended in defeat, a fact which coupled with Cuilén's
1006:
This charter is composed of Latin and Old
English text. The document may be evidence of Scottish and Cumbrian submission to the English. For example, one place the text reads in Latin: "I, Edgar, ruler of the beloved island of Albion, subjected to us of the rule of the Scots and Cumbrians and the
533:
Whilst the symbolic tale of the men rowing Edgar down the river may be an unhistorical embellishment, most of the names accorded to the eight kings can be associated with contemporary rulers, suggesting that some of these men may have taken part in a concord with him. Although the latter accounts
387:
likewise identify Cuilén's killer as
Rhydderch, the father of an abducted daughter raped by the Scottish king. Although there is no specific evidence that Rhydderch was himself a king, the fact that Cuilén was involved with his daughter, coupled with the fact that his warband was evidently strong
664:
in
Ireland. Edgar may have wished to not only rein in men such as Maccus and Gofraid, but prevent them—and the Scots and Cumbrians—from affiliating themselves with Amlaíb Cúarán, and recognising the latter's authority in the Irish Sea region. Another factor concerning Edgar, and his Scottish and
626:
at the beginning of the decade, which could indicate that Edgar's assembly was undertaken as a means to counter the menace posed by these energetic insular
Scandinavians. In fact, there is evidence to suggest that, as a consequence of the assembly at Chester, the brothers may have turned their
311:
The gruesome fate inflicted upon Dyfnwal's sons could reveal that their father was regarded to have broken certain pledges rendered to the English. One possibility is that Dyfnwal was punished for harbouring insular Scandinavian potentates. Whatever lay behind the campaign, it could have been
673:
in 966, an action that may have been undertaken by the English in the context of a response to Cumbrian southward expansion. Although the Scottish invasion of Cumbrian and English territory unleashed after Cináed's inauguration could have been intended to tackle Cumbrian opposition, another
572:
to Cináed in 975. If this supposed grant formed a part of the episode at Chester, it along with the concord of 945 could indicate that the assembly of 975 was not a submission as such, but more of a conference concerning mutual cooperation along the English borderlands. Although the precise
187:
Máel Coluim's father died in 975, having set off upon a pilgrimage to Rome. Quite when Máel Coluim succeeded Dyfnwal is uncertain. It could have been before, during, or after the assembly of 973. In any case, Máel Coluim's reign was evidently unremarkable, although the tenth-century
975:, after Dyfnwal escorted Cathróe to the frontier of his realm, the latter was then escorted by a certain Gunderic to the domain of Erich at York. It is possible that Gunderic is identical to Thored's father, and identical to the Gunner who appears in charter evidence from 931–963.
1007:
Britons and of all regions round about ...". The corresponding Old English text reads: "I, Edgar, exalted as king over the English people by His grace, and He has now subjected to my authority the Scots and Cumbrians and also the Britons and all that this island has inside ...".
721:
him at some point before the convention. Conversely, Máel Coluim's title could instead indicate that he merely represented his aged father, and acted as regent. Evidence that Máel Coluim had indeed assumed the kingship before the assembly may exist in the record of a certain
478:, after having been consecrated king that year, this English monarch assembled a massive naval force and met with six kings at Chester. By the tenth century, the number of kings who met with him was alleged to have been eight, as evidenced by the tenth-century
148:
invaded the kingdom, and appears to have granted the Scots permission to dominate the Cumbrians. The English king is further reported to have blinded several of Máel Coluim's brothers in an act that could have been an attempt to deprive Dyfnwal of an heir.
735:. Although the authenticity of this document is questionable, the attested Malcolm could well be identical to Máel Coluim himself. If Máel Coluim was indeed king in 973, Dyfnwal's role at the assembly may have been that of an '
295:
records that the English ravaged the realm, and that Edmund commended the lands to Máel Coluim mac Domnaill who had agreed to assist him by land and sea. According to the version of events preserved by the thirteenth-century
361:. The latter's short reign appears to have been relatively uneventful. It nevertheless came to a violent end in 971, and there is reason to suspect that Cuilén's killer was a son of Dyfnwal. The ninth- to twelfth-century
5058:
The Chronicle of Henry of Huntingdon: Comprising the History of England, From the Invasion of Julius Cæsar to the Accession of Henry II. Also, the Acts of Stephen, King of England and Duke of Normandy
544:("co-workers", "even-workers", "fellow-workers"). One possibility is that the assembly somehow relates to Edmund's attested incursion into Cumbria in 945. According to the same source, when Edmund
529:, Edgar met six kings at Chester. By the twelfth century, chroniclers alleged that eight kings rowed Edgar down the river in an act of submission. One of these eight was Máel Coluim himself.
8012:
6501:
5939:
160:
in 971. Certainly by 973, Máel Coluim was associated with the kingship, as both he and his father are recorded to have participated in a remarkable meeting of kings assembled by
391:
744:
And Mael Coluim, with hundreds of deeds, before the hands of the land of the Britons, with the bright hospitality of every good battle, the good son of Domnall, son of Eogan.
682:
41:
8521:
878:
703:
5081:
The Chronicle of Florence of Worcester, with the Two Continuations: Comprising Annals of English History, From the Departure of the Romans to the Reign of Edward I
8442:
7825:
7684:
993:
Only three rulers of the Kingdom of Strathclyde were styled King of the Cumbrians: Máel Coluim himself, Máel Coluim's father, and Máel Coluim's grandfather,
144:
name could indicate that he was born during either an era of amiable relations with the Scots, or else during a period of Scottish overlordship. In 945, the
438:
325:
984:
In fact, the upheaval caused by the absence of Dyfnwal and Edgar could well have contributed to Cináed's final elimination of Amlaíb mac Illuilb in 997.
638:
7402:
Keynes, S (2015). "The Henry Loyn Memorial Lecture for 2008: Welsh Kings at Anglo-Saxon Royal Assemblies (928–55)". In Gathagan, LL; North, W (eds.).
783:
243:
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291:
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6794:
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6639:
6599:
6576:
6531:
6372:
6331:
5931:
5917:
5314:
350:
219:
137:
7613:"The Dubh Gall in Southern Scotland: The Politics of Northumbria, Dublin, and the Community of St Cuthbert in the Viking Age, c. 870–950 CE"
8342:
7772:
7512:
8332:
7050:
Language, History and Onomastics in Medieval Cumbria: An Analysis of the Generative Usage of the Cumbric Habitative Generics Cair and Tref
584:
8435:
7306:
6343:
881:, a man who appears to have been a member of the Strathclyde dynasty, and may well have been a descendant of Máel Coluim himself. The
573:
chronology of Cumbrian expansion is uncertain, by 927 the southern frontier of the Kingdom of Strathclyde appears to have reached the
463:
8233:
8208:
7875:
7853:
7645:
7457:
7438:
7346:
7259:
7228:
7189:
7130:
6846:
6668:
6553:
6464:
6445:
6426:
6399:
6300:
5833:
5387:
5235:
4812:
915:
8566:
8178:
8138:
7475:
6204:
6164:
8041:
Wadden, P (2015). "The Normans and the Irish Sea World in the Era of the Battle of Clontarf". In McAlister, V; Barry, T (eds.).
674:
possibility is that the campaign could have been executed as a way to counter any occupation of Cumbrian territories by Thored.
7841:
6029:
739:' of sorts—possibly serving as an adviser or mentor—especially considering his decades of experience in international affairs.
707:
363:
517:
8428:
8410:
1. Whilst it is possible that Máel Coluim succeeded Dyfnwal, another possibility is that Dyfnwal was earlier succeeded by
5039:
4762:
410:
396:
297:
280:
145:
8509:
8481:
8451:
8392:
803:
195:
88:
940:
also notes that Edgar partitioned the Northumbrian ealdormanry into northern and southern divisions, split between the
7216:
164:. The context of this assembly is not entirely clear. It could have concerned the stability of the border between the
607:
8486:
8202:
6702:
6323:
5566:
5298:
5177:
4741:
994:
760:
301:
210:
161:
430:. One possibility is that this engineering project was undertaken in the context of limiting Cumbrian incursions.
7919:
6834:
5984:
622:
may have been regarded as threats by the Scots and Cumbrians. Maccus and Gofraid are recorded to have devastated
556:("co-worker", "even-worker", "fellow-worker", "together-wright"). Less reliable non-contemporary sources such as
5103:
William of Malmesbury's Chronicle of the Kings of England, From the Earliest Period to the Reign of King Stephen
462:
There is evidence to suggest that both Máel Coluim and his father were amongst the assembled kings said to have
8083:
7593:
7535:
7011:
5843:
5548:
5491:
5457:
5423:
5271:
5021:
4987:
4953:
4863:
955:
500:
383:
48:
4925:
588:
The name of Edgar as it appears on folio 142v of British Library Cotton Tiberius B I (the "C" version of the
6683:
6568:
6356:
6348:
5397:
4961:
4746:
802:. The latter styles him "king of the north Britons". Máel Coluim seems to have been succeeded by a brother,
665:
Cumbrian counterparts, may have been the stability of the northern English frontier. For example, a certain
354:
7507:
6287:. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden:
4995:
4833:
914:. If it was not Dyfnwal who attended the assembly, another possibility is that the like-named attendee was
6786:
6496:
6275:
Broun, D (2005). "Contemporary Perspectives on Alexander II's Succession: The Evidence of King-lists". In
4841:
4701:
581:. As such, the location of the assembly of 973 at Chester would have been a logical site for all parties.
488:
482:. By the twelfth century, the eight kings began to be named and were alleged to have rowed Edgar down the
471:
223:
7375:. Publications of the Manchester Centre for Anglo-Saxon Studies. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. pp.
6649:
Davidson, MR (2001). "The (Non)Submission of the Northern Kings in 920". In Higham, NJ; Hill, DH (eds.).
826:
Since the 2000s academics have accorded Máel Coluim various personal names in English secondary sources:
661:
194:
preserves several lines of verse in his praise. Máel Coluim appears to have been succeeded by a brother,
7797:
606:
numbers the kings at six, if Cináed was indeed present, it is unlikely that his rival, Cuilén's brother
275:
8338:
6966:
5137:
6941:
5793:. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores. Vol. 1. London: Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts.
140:, and thus a member of the Cumbrian dynasty that had ruled the kingdom for generations. Máel Coluim's
8497:
8411:
7072:
5909:
5574:
5556:
5431:
5279:
728:
619:
494:
388:
enough to overcome that of Cuilén, suggests that Rhydderch must have been a man of eminent standing.
377:
368:
335:
330:
181:
153:
78:
8561:
8384:
7897:
7144:
6480:
5324:
5245:
5150:
448:
133:
64:
7682:
Molyneaux, G (2011). "Why Were Some Tenth-Century English Kings Presented as Rulers of Britain?".
7448:
Macquarrie, A (1998) . "The Kings of Strathclyde, c. 400–1018". In Grant, A; Stringer, KJ (eds.).
6292:
5519:
550:
Cumbria to Máel Coluim mac Domnaill, he had done so on the condition that the latter would be his
46:
Máel Coluim's name and title as it appears on folio 5v of British Library Cotton Domitian A VIII (
8463:
8293:
7999:
7981:
7952:
7936:
7845:
7819:
7701:
7576:
7560:
7543:
Matthews, S (2007). "King Edgar, Wales and Chester: The Welsh Dimension in the Ceremony of 973".
7417:
7160:
7028:
6928:
6920:
6877:
6769:
6753:
6541:
6255:
6141:
6125:
6088:
6054:
6046:
6012:
5996:
5972:
5956:
5865:
5644:
5362:
5346:
5210:
5194:
5123:
773:
615:
522:
483:
165:
7612:
273:
reveal that the Kingdom of Strathclyde was wasted by the English. The ninth- to twelfth-century
263:
231:
8273:. Blackwell Companions to British History. Chichester: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 251–267.
7664:
7220:
5580:
Chronicles of the Picts, Chronicles of the Scots, and Other Early Memorials of Scottish History
8305:
8274:
8251:
8229:
8103:
8069:
8050:
8046:
7944:
7871:
7849:
7781:
7749:
7745:
7726:
7709:
7668:
7641:
7624:
7568:
7529:
7453:
7434:
7407:
7390:
7380:
7376:
7352:
7342:
7323:
7265:
7255:
7224:
7195:
7185:
7136:
7126:
7103:
7076:
7036:
6995:
6978:
6953:
6885:
6842:
6820:
6790:
6761:
6724:
6714:
6710:
6664:
6635:
6618:
6595:
6572:
6549:
6527:
6510:
6460:
6441:
6422:
6395:
6368:
6327:
6306:
6296:
6263:
6133:
6096:
6071:
6004:
5964:
5913:
5829:
5817:
5542:
5485:
5451:
5417:
5383:
5354:
5310:
5265:
5231:
5202:
5015:
4981:
4947:
4857:
4808:
4691:
611:
313:
269:
249:
177:
107:
7246:
Jayakumar, J (2002). "The 'Foreign Policies' of Edgar 'the Peaceable'". In Morillo, S (ed.).
646:
as it appears on folio 58v of British Library Cotton Domitian A VIII (the "F" version of the
152:
It is unknown when Dyfnwal's reign came to an end. There is reason to suspect that a certain
8491:
8377:
8297:
8266:
8183:
8143:
8095:
8027:
7989:
7973:
7928:
7693:
7656:
7597:
7552:
7480:
7368:
7315:
7290:
7053:
7020:
6912:
6869:
6812:
6745:
6687:
6654:
6378:
6360:
6288:
6280:
6247:
6238:
6209:
6169:
6117:
6080:
6038:
5948:
5901:
5634:
5338:
5302:
5186:
5097:
756:
686:
Máel Coluim's title as it appears on folio 15v of Oxford Bodleian Library Rawlinson B 488: "
666:
643:
578:
443:
227:
141:
74:
17:
8288:
Woolf, A (2010). "Reporting Scotland in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle". In Jorgensen, A (ed.).
7319:
6364:
8475:
8469:
8091:
7901:
7863:
7833:
7807:
7273:
7234:
7172:
7122:
6591:
6484:
6387:
5879:
5853:
5852:. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores. London: Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts.
5805:
5775:
5765:
5693:
5648:
5622:
5603:
5584:
5172:
5160:
5085:
5066:
5043:
4930:
4776:
4724:
4705:
778:
751:
538:
merely states that they came to an agreement of cooperation with him, and thus became his
506:
235:
190:
169:
8020:
Transactions of the Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian & Archaeological Society
6474:
6281:
5869:
5683:
5638:
5112:
5056:
4772:
4695:
776:
kings—is commemorated by several lines of panegyric verse preserved by the tenth-century
8226:
A Biographical Dictionary of Dark Age Britain: England, Scotland and Wales, c.500–c.1050
6736:
Downham, C (2003). "The Chronology of the Last Scandinavian Kings of York, AD 937–954".
5799:
5101:
4766:
317:
he was born during a time of relatively warm relations between the Scots and Cumbrians.
7964:
Thornton, DE (2001). "Edgar and the Eight Kings, AD 973: Textus et Dramatis Personae".
7248:
7209:
6804:
5745:
5725:
5705:
882:
7421:
6899:
6857:
5499:
4891:
4871:
4736:
8550:
8003:
7890:
7885:
7801:
7657:
7580:
7369:
6932:
6807:(2018). "Origins of the Kingdom of the English". In Naismith, R; Woodman, DA (eds.).
6773:
6145:
6066:
6058:
5976:
5927:
5875:
5847:
5788:
5769:
5672:
5661:
5616:
5597:
5578:
5366:
5154:
5079:
5062:
5033:
628:
230:, and may be evidence of a marriage alliance between his family and the neighbouring
5560:
7364:
6410:
6276:
6236:
Broun, D (2004c). "The Welsh Identity of the Kingdom of Strathclyde c.900–c.1200".
6153:
6024:
5283:
4804:
4794:. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores. Vol. 2. London: Longmans & Co.
697:
574:
414:
157:
8216:
8162:
7499:
7091:
6228:
6188:
4915:
4823:
4789:
4768:
Henrici Archidiaconi Huntendunensis Historia Anglorum. The History of the English
660:
Another aspect of the assembly may have concerned the remarkable rising power of
371:, a man who slew Cuilén for the sake of his own daughter. The thirteenth-century
246:, and could perhaps be indicative of Dyfnwal's submission to this Scottish king.
8250:. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
7764:
5379:
5227:
5139:
Annales Cambriae: The B Text From London, National Archives, MS E164/1, pp. 2–26
5125:
Annales Cambriae: The A Text From British Library, Harley MS 3859, ff. 190r–193r
4911:
670:
423:
7484:
7287:
Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000
6749:
6213:
4718:
8515:
8243:
8187:
8147:
8099:
7932:
7697:
7469:
7184:. Contributions to the Study of World History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
6816:
6476:
Cassell's History of England: From the Roman Invasion to the Wars of the Roses
6320:
Scottish Independence and the Idea of Britain: From the Picts to Alexander III
6251:
6198:
6173:
6069:(1992). "The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for 1072 and the Fords of Frew, Scotland".
5342:
5190:
5029:
1022:
would be the only record of a foreign king witnessing one of Edgar's charters.
962:
had fallen outwith Cumbrian royal authority and into the hands of the English.
959:
941:
874:
807:
199:
112:
8172:
8132:
7985:
7948:
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7032:
6982:
6957:
6924:
6889:
6881:
6765:
6757:
6728:
6622:
6514:
6455:
Busse, PE (2006c). "Dyfnwal ab Owain/Domnall mac Eogain". In Koch, JT (ed.).
6310:
6267:
6259:
6158:
6137:
6129:
6121:
6100:
6092:
6050:
6008:
6000:
5968:
5960:
5952:
5465:
5358:
5350:
5306:
5206:
5198:
710:'s title as it appears on folio 9r of British Library Cotton Faustina B IX: "
8301:
8117:
Williams, A (2004a). "An Outing on the Dee: King Edgar at Chester, AD 973".
7977:
7905:
7811:
7793:
6042:
5857:
5825:
5809:
5779:
5652:
5626:
5607:
5588:
5164:
5156:
Willelmi Malmesbiriensis Monachi Gesta Regum Anglorum Atque Historia Novella
5089:
5070:
5047:
4780:
4728:
951:
847:
156:
was a son of his, and that this man ruled when he assassinated the reigning
7277:
7238:
7182:
Prophecy of Berchán: Irish and Scottish High-Kings of the Early Middle Ages
6488:
5883:
5697:
4709:
358:
8327:
6873:
6084:
6418:
736:
623:
427:
254:
7024:
6016:
5214:
4917:
Acta Sanctorvm Veteris et Maioris Scotiæ, sev Hiberniæ Sanctorvm Insvlae
399:
as it appears on folio 15r of Oxford Bodleian Library Rawlinson B 488: "
8420:
8271:
A Companion to the Early Middle Ages: Britain and Ireland, c.500–c.1100
7994:
6916:
5932:"A multi-disciplinary chronology for Alt Clut, Castle Roack, Dumbarton"
5906:
A Companion to the Early Middle Ages: Britain and Ireland, c.500–c.1100
892:
732:
632:
602:
One of the other named kings was Cináed. Considering the fact that the
569:
467:
333:
as it appears on folio 8v of British Library Cotton Faustina B IX (the
289:
the region to Máel Coluim mac Domnaill. Similarly, the twelfth-century
173:
7956:
7602:
7295:
6783:
Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014
6692:
6659:
5145:(September 2015 ed.) – via Welsh Chronicles Research Group.
910:
Another source linking Dyfnwal and Máel Coluim to the assembly is the
7058:
6942:"Allegories of Sight: Blinding and Power in Late Anglo-Saxon England"
5801:
Diplomatarium Anglicum Ævi Saxonici: A Collection of English Charters
5131:(November 2015 ed.) – via Welsh Chronicles Research Group.
239:
8032:
7914:
6027:(2001). "Chester's Earliest Regatta? Edgar's Dee-Rowing Revisited".
5297:. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores. Vol. 1. Cambridge:
6967:"The Politics of Hegemony and the 'Empires' of Anglo-Saxon England"
521:
An early twentieth-century depiction of Edgar being rowed down the
8013:"British (Cumbric) Place-Names in the Barony of Gilsland, Cumbria"
6971:
Ceræ: An Australasian Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies
6946:
Ceræ: An Australasian Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies
702:
681:
637:
583:
516:
437:
390:
324:
248:
209:
7009:
Halloran, K (2011). "Welsh Kings at the English Court, 928–956".
6436:
Busse, PE (2006b). "Cuilén Ring mac Illuilb". In Koch, JT (ed.).
5117:. Bohn's Antiquarian Library. Vol. 1. London: Henry G. Bohn.
172:
and Cumbrians. It could have also focused upon lurking threat of
8290:
Reading the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: Language, Literature, History
6839:
The Kingship of the Scots, 842–1292: Succession and Independence
6548:. Vol. 5. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. pp. 1818–1821.
5527:
Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (School of Celtic Studies)
593:
551:
545:
539:
284:
8424:
7254:. Vol. 10. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. pp. 17–37.
7207:
Hudson, BT (2002). "The Scottish Gaze". In McDonald, RA (ed.).
5470:
The Electronic Sawyer: Online Catalogue of Anglo-Saxon Charters
353:
in 962, the Scottish kingship appears to have been taken up by
261:
In 945, the "A" version of the eleventh- to thirteenth-century
7640:. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. pp. 514–515.
846:. Since the 2000s academics have accorded Máel Coluim various
6108:
Breeze, A (2007). "Edgar at Chester in 973: A Breton Link?".
896:
868:
782:. He died in 997, the same year as his northern counterpart,
687:
400:
8292:. Studies in the Early Middle Ages. Vol. 23. Turnhout:
7655:
Minard, A (2012). "Cumbria". In Koch, JT; Minard, A (eds.).
6701:
Davies, JR (2009). "Bishop Kentigern Among the Britons". In
486:, as evidenced by sources such as the twelfth-century texts
446:
as it appears on folio 59r of Oxford Jesus College 111 (the
8090:. British History in Perspective. Houndmills, Basingstoke:
8088:
Kingship and Government in Pre-Conquest England, c.500–1066
6680:
Submission and Imperium in the Early Medieval Insular World
5285:
Matthæi Parisiensis, Monachi Sancti Albani, Chronica Majora
257:
as it appears on folio 2r of British Library Royal 14 B VI.
6811:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 71–121.
6386:
Bruford, A (2000). "What Happened to the Caledonians". In
4697:
Scottish Annals From English Chroniclers, A.D. 500 to 1286
7723:
The Formation of the English Kingdom in the Tenth Century
7433:. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 604.
6526:. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
6459:. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 639.
6440:. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 509.
5712:(8 February 2016 ed.). University College Cork. 2016
5506:(22 January 2011 ed.). University College Cork. 2011
958:
and the Solway Firth, it would reveal that what is today
927:
Two of the kings are accorded names of uncertain meaning.
696:
Both Dyfnwal and Edgar died in 975. According to various
7896:. The Oxford History of England (2nd ed.). Oxford:
7590:
Neither Scotland nor England: Middle Britain, c.850–1150
7452:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 1–19.
7404:
The Haskins Society Journal: Studies in Medieval History
7371:
Edgar, King of the English, 959–975: New Interpretations
7250:
The Haskins Society Journal: Studies in Medieval History
6588:
The Makers of Scotland: Picts, Romans, Gaels and Vikings
5752:(6 January 2017 ed.). University College Cork. 2017
5732:(29 August 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008
5398:"Oxford Jesus College MS. 111 (The Red Book of Hergest)"
6565:
The Men of the North: The Britons and Southern Scotland
5908:. Blackwell Companions to British History. Chichester:
4878:(24 March 2010 ed.). University College Cork. 2010
772:
Máel Coluim—alongside contemporary Irish, English, and
755:
praising Máel Coluim, and proclaiming his descent from
426:, perhaps the strategically located Fords of Frew near
422:, Cináed constructed some sort of fortification on the
226:
from about the 930s to the 970s. Máel Coluim's name is
7765:"On the Origin of 'Hiberno-Norse Inversion-Compounds'"
7367:(2008). "Edgar, rex Admirabilis". In Scragg, D (ed.).
7341:. Anglo-Saxon Studies. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press.
6858:"The Emergence and Transformation of Medieval Cumbria"
6502:
Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion
5327:(1961). "The Date and Authorship of Saltair na Rann".
7429:
Koch, JT (2006). "Domnall Brecc". In Koch, JT (ed.).
5940:
Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
5771:
Florentii Wigorniensis Monachi Chronicon ex Chronicis
5084:. Bohn's Antiquarian Library. London: Henry G. Bohn.
4898:(14 May 2012 ed.). University College Cork. 2012
810:, a man who may well have been a son of Máel Coluim.
614:, whilst another could have been this man's brother,
7617:
Limina: A Journal of Historical and Cultural Studies
7406:. Vol. 26. The Boydell Press. pp. 69–122.
7211:
History, Literature, and Music in Scotland, 700–1560
6609:
Clarkson, T (2013). "The Last King of Strathclyde".
5106:. Bohn's Antiquarian Library. London: Henry G. Bohn.
5035:
Rogeri de Wendover Chronica, sive Flores Historiarum
4771:. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores. London:
5849:
Brut y Tywysigion; or, The Chronicle of the Princes
5774:. Vol. 1. London: English Historical Society.
5159:. Vol. 1. London: English Historical Society.
5042:. Vol. 1. London: English Historical Society.
4720:
Early Sources of Scottish History, A.D. 500 to 1286
1016:If Máel Coluim was indeed king, the attestation of
409:Cuilén seems to have been succeeded by his kinsman
214:
Locations relating to Máel Coluim's life and times.
119:
106:
98:
94:
84:
70:
63:
34:
8171:
8131:
7889:
7803:The Text of the Bruts From the Red Book of Hergest
7468:
7305:
7247:
7208:
6898:
6809:Writing, Kingship and Power in Anglo-Saxon England
6632:Strathclyde and the Anglo-Saxons in the Viking Age
6342:
6197:
6157:
5376:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: A Collaborative Edition
5224:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: A Collaborative Edition
4801:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: A Collaborative Edition
453:
357:, a man who was in turn replaced by Illulb's son,
238:. The name may also reveal that Máel Coluim was a
6409:Busse, PE (2006a). "Cinaed mac Mael Choluim". In
5618:John of Fordun's Chronicle of the Scottish Nation
2112:
2110:
7636:Minard, A (2006). "Cumbria". In Koch, JT (ed.).
7450:Medieval Scotland: Crown, Lordship and Community
6499:(2013a). "Reflections on Early-Medieval Wales".
5987:(1960). "Lothian and the Early Scottish Kings".
6394:. East Linton: Tuckwell Press. pp. 43–68.
806:. The latter appears to have been succeeded by
742:
7838:Studies in British Celtic Historical Phonology
534:allege that the kings submitted to Edgar, the
510:, and both the Wendover and Paris versions of
283:harried across the land of the Cumbrians, and
8436:
7915:"The Great Commendation to King Edgar in 973"
6900:"The Expansion of the Kingdom of Strathclyde"
879:Máel Coluim, son of the king of the Cumbrians
267:, and the thirteenth- and fourteenth-century
8:
8182:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
8142:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
8068:(EPUB). Brimscombe Port: The History Press.
7685:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
7479:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
6208:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
6168:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
7868:Warlords and Holy Men: Scotland, AD 80–1000
5599:Johannis de Fordun Chronica Gentis Scotorum
2012:
2010:
1017:
945:
886:
722:
711:
651:
340:
205:
202:, seems to have been a son of Máel Coluim.
53:
8443:
8429:
8421:
8347:
8224:Williams, A; Smyth, AP; Kirby, DP (1991).
7824:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
7339:The Ruler Portraits of Anglo-Saxon England
6544:(2006). "Ystrad Clud". In Koch, JT (ed.).
5583:. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House.
786:. Máel Coluim's demise is recorded by the
560:, both the Wendover and Paris versions of
279:offers more information, and relates that
40:
31:
8031:
7993:
7870:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
7638:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia
7601:
7431:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia
7314:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
7294:
7092:"Historical Literature of Early Scotland"
7057:
6994:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
6841:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
6709:. Studies in Celtic History. Woodbridge:
6691:
6658:
6546:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia
6457:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia
6438:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia
6415:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia
5822:English Historical Documents, c. 500–1042
3436:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3428:
2191:
2189:
8043:Space and Settlement in Medieval Ireland
7663:. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. pp.
6990:Forte, A; Oram, RD; Pedersen, F (2005).
6392:Alba: Celtic Scotland in the Middle Ages
5288:. Vol. 1. London: Longman & Co.
4828:. Vol. 3. London: Charles J. Clark.
4723:. Vol. 1. London: Oliver and Boyd.
3481:
3479:
3477:
936:At about the same time as the assembly,
8179:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
8139:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
7476:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
7312:The Oxford Companion to British History
7289:(PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh.
7052:(PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh.
6653:. London: Routledge. pp. 200–211.
6353:The Oxford Companion to British History
6205:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
6165:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
5690:Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland
1034:
950:. If the latter location refers to the
819:
692:" ("king of the Britons of the north").
8200:
7817:
7527:
7168:
7158:
5677:. Vol. 2, pt. 1. London: Seeleys.
5666:. Vol. 4, pt. 1. London: Seeleys.
5540:
5483:
5449:
5415:
5263:
5250:Early Manuscripts at Oxford University
5114:Roger of Wendover's Flowers of History
5061:. Bohn's Antiquarian Library. London:
5013:
4979:
4945:
4855:
4838:Early Manuscripts at Oxford University
1482:chs. 1 ¶ 10, 6 ¶ 11, 6 n. 18, 6 ¶ 20;
367:reports that the killer was a certain
244:Máel Coluim mac Domnaill, King of Alba
8066:Lords of Alba: The Making of Scotland
7659:The Celts: History, Life, and Culture
7310:. In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.).
5565:. Third series. Vol. 1. London:
1997:
1995:
375:, the twelfth- to thirteenth-century
321:Rhydderch and conflict with the Scots
220:Dyfnwal ab Owain, King of Strathclyde
206:Dyfnwal's sons and English aggression
138:Dyfnwal ab Owain, King of Strathclyde
7:
8343:Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England
7773:The Journal of Scottish Name Studies
7513:Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England
7320:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001
6705:; Davies, JR; Williamson, E (eds.).
6365:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001
5621:. Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas.
5602:. Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas.
5330:Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie
504:, as well as the thirteenth-century
434:Máel Coluim and an assembly of kings
413:. One of the latter's first acts as
7725:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
5900:Aird, WM (2009). "Northumbria". In
4834:"Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 488"
2768:pp. 13, 134, 134 n. 111, 142, 145;
784:Custantín mac Cuiléin, King of Alba
7742:The Kings & Queens of Scotland
6417:. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara, CA:
6283:The Reign of Alexander II, 1214–49
5175:(1998). "The Scottish Chronicle".
1494:pp. 66, 66 n. 27, 69, 70, 73, 88;
351:Illulb mac Custantín, King of Alba
25:
6707:Saints' Cults in the Celtic World
4652:chs. genealogical tables, 8 ¶ 7;
2032:Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 488
525:by eight kings. According to the
8326:
8265:Woolf, A (2009). "Scotland". In
7069:Athelstan: The Making of England
6634:(EPUB). Edinburgh: John Donald.
5674:The Church Historians of England
5663:The Church Historians of England
1877:pp. 173 genealogy 6, 174 n. 10;
8536:Uncertain kings are italicised.
8248:From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070
7842:Leiden Studies in Indo-European
6524:Wales and the Britons, 350–1064
5136:Gough-Cooper, HW, ed. (2015b).
5122:Gough-Cooper, HW, ed. (2015a).
2572:pp. 138, 140, 140 n. 140, 144;
677:
470:in 973. According to the "D", "
222:, a man who ruled the Cumbrian
132:(died 997) was a tenth-century
8557:10th-century Scottish monarchs
7096:Studies in Scottish Literature
5804:. London: Macmillan & Co.
2664:pp. 140–141, 141 n. 145, 145;
916:Domnall ua Néill, King of Tara
850:in English secondary sources:
420:Chronicle of the Kings of Alba
364:Chronicle of the Kings of Alba
1:
8207:: CS1 maint: date and year (
7332:– via Oxford Reference.
6522:Charles-Edwards, TM (2013b).
5252:. Oxford Digital Library. n.d
4132:Williams; Smyth; Kirby (1991)
3905:Williams; Smyth; Kirby (1991)
3873:Williams; Smyth; Kirby (1991)
2486:Williams; Smyth; Kirby (1991)
2402:Williams; Smyth; Kirby (1991)
1879:Williams; Smyth; Kirby (1991)
678:Máel Coluim's reign and death
381:, and the fourteenth-century
281:Edmund I, King of the English
146:Edmund I, King of the English
8217:UK public library membership
8170:Williams, A (January 2014).
8163:UK public library membership
7500:UK public library membership
6229:UK public library membership
6189:UK public library membership
4920:. Lyon: Everardvm de VVitte.
4791:Symeonis Monachi Opera Omnia
4423:pp. 53 §§ 2373–2376, 55–56;
4325:pp. 53 §§ 2373–2376, 55–56;
3538:Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005)
3031:Cassell's History of England
2754:Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005)
2554:Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005)
2304:Oxford Jesus College MS. 111
669:is recorded to have ravaged
18:Máel Coluim I of Strathclyde
7217:University of Toronto Press
4926:"Cotton MS Domitian A VIII"
474:", and "F" versions of the
8583:
7071:(EPUB). Penguin Monarchs.
6862:Scottish Historical Review
6750:10.1179/007817203792207979
6324:Edinburgh University Press
5989:Scottish Historical Review
5750:Corpus of Electronic Texts
5730:Corpus of Electronic Texts
5710:Corpus of Electronic Texts
5685:The Annals of Clonmacnoise
5671:Stevenson, J, ed. (1853).
5660:Stevenson, J, ed. (1856).
5567:Early English Text Society
5504:Corpus of Electronic Texts
5378:. Vol. 5. Cambridge:
5374:O'Keeffe, KO, ed. (2001).
5299:Cambridge University Press
5226:. Vol. 7. Cambridge:
5178:Scottish Historical Review
5040:Bohn's Antiquarian Library
4896:Corpus of Electronic Texts
4876:Corpus of Electronic Texts
4803:. Vol. 8. Cambridge:
4745:(13 April 2005 ed.).
4742:Corpus of Electronic Texts
4717:Anderson, AO, ed. (1922).
4601:
4551:
4536:
4529:
4513:
4471:
4463:
4420:
4322:
4260:
4228:pp. 147, 147 n. 166, 152;
4179:
3693:
2672:pp. 191 n. 50, 203 n. 71;
2577:
1834:
1356:
1335:pp. xiii, 184, 184 n. 17;
1320:
877:". This name was borne by
568:allege that Edgar granted
242:of his northern namesake,
162:Edgar, King of the English
136:. He was a younger son of
8531:
8458:
8408:
8399:
8389:
8382:
8369:
8364:
8350:
8100:10.1007/978-1-349-27454-3
7920:English Historical Review
7698:10.1017/S0080440111000041
6817:10.1017/9781316676066.005
6651:Edward the Elder, 899–924
6252:10.3366/inr.2004.55.2.111
5790:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
5706:"The Annals of Tigernach"
5343:10.1515/zcph.1961.28.1.51
5191:10.3366/shr.1998.77.2.129
5078:Forester, T, ed. (1854).
5055:Forester, T, ed. (1853).
4962:"Cotton MS Faustina B IX"
4664:pp. 128 n. 66, 135 tab.;
4256:
4175:
4155:
3699:Cotton MS Domitian A VIII
3677:
3657:
3617:
3585:
3581:
3529:
3525:
3407:
3403:
3284:
3232:
2916:p. 142, 142 n. 149, 145;
2857:
2853:
2745:
2741:
2645:
2641:
2541:
2537:
2512:pp. 143–144, 144 n. 466;
2449:
2445:
2353:
2349:
2242:pp. 147–148, 147 n. 167;
1969:pp. 161–162 bk 4 ch. 27;
1854:
1618:ch. 6 ¶¶ 12–13, 6 n. 21;
1503:
1391:
1255:ch. genealogical tables;
1247:ch. genealogical tables;
1188:
1064:
1051:Cotton MS Domitian A VIII
867:The Gaelic personal name
218:Máel Coluim was a son of
39:
8374:Last known title holder:
8333:Máel Coluim mac Domnaill
7594:University of St Andrews
7557:10.1179/174587007X208209
7118:Kings of Celtic Scotland
7012:The Welsh History Review
6122:10.1179/174587007X165405
5953:10.9750/PSAS.107.103.113
5824:(2nd ed.). London:
5562:Ælfric's Lives of Saints
5307:10.1017/CBO9781139382960
5293:Luard, HR, ed. (2012) .
4996:"Cotton MS Tiberius B I"
4661:
4653:
4649:
4637:
4617:
4357:
4341:
4279:
4221:
4213:
4209:
4171:
4143:
4115:
4111:
4095:
4048:
4044:
4028:
4012:
4008:
3960:
3934:
3930:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3852:
3844:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3804:
3744:
3740:
3728:
3712:
3697:
3653:
3642:Williams Ab Ithel (1860)
3613:
3577:
3573:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3395:
3344:
3324:
3288:
3268:
3236:
3220:
3156:
3136:
3044:
2941:
2925:
2889:
2869:
2845:
2841:
2809:
2801:
2761:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2717:
2689:
2685:
2657:
2633:
2601:
2584:pp. 88, 116, 191 n. 50;
2565:
2557:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2520:ch. 7 ¶¶ 9–10, 7 n. 11;
2517:
2505:
2461:
2429:
2425:
2417:
2365:
2345:
2341:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2317:
2292:Williams Ab Ithel (1860)
2132:
2116:
2085:
2065:
2061:
2030:
1970:
1862:
1858:
1838:
1822:
1775:
1731:
1719:
1707:
1691:
1675:
1619:
1615:
1579:
1575:
1551:
1515:
1511:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1448:Williams Ab Ithel (1860)
1423:
1407:
1383:
1379:
1344:
1260:
1248:
1244:
1220:
1184:
1176:
1168:
1164:
1132:
1124:
1112:
1092:
1084:
1076:
1049:
1045:
938:De primo Saxonum adventu
852:Máel Coluim mac Domnaill
558:De primo Saxonum adventu
501:De primo Saxonum adventu
402:Cinaeth mac Mail Cholaim
384:Chronica gentis Scotorum
312:utilised by the English
198:. This man's successor,
49:De primo Saxonum adventu
8567:Monarchs of Strathclyde
8302:10.1484/M.SEM-EB.3.4457
8133:"Edmund I (920/21–946)"
7978:10.1111/1468-0254.00079
7933:10.1093/ehr/XIII.LI.505
7307:"Isles, Kingdom of the"
6684:University of Edinburgh
6479:. Vol. 1. London:
6390:; McDonald, RA (eds.).
6357:Oxford University Press
6043:10.1111/1468-0254.00080
5874:. Vol. 1. London:
5798:Thorpe, B, ed. (1865).
5787:Thorpe, B, ed. (1861).
5682:Murphy, D, ed. (1896).
5615:Skene, WF, ed. (1872).
5596:Skene, WF, ed. (1871).
5246:"Jesus College MS. 111"
5222:Irvine, S, ed. (2004).
5111:Giles, JA, ed. (1849).
4799:Baker, PS, ed. (2000).
4788:Arnold, T, ed. (1885).
4747:University College Cork
4669:
4665:
4660:pp. 236, 238 tab. 6.4;
4657:
4654:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
4625:
4621:
4605:
4597:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4581:
4574:
4569:The Annals of Tigernach
4567:
4555:
4547:
4543:
4517:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4490:
4483:
4467:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4439:
4424:
4416:
4412:
4408:
4404:
4397:
4393:
4381:
4369:
4345:
4326:
4318:
4311:
4299:
4287:
4283:
4264:
4252:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4217:
4214:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
4205:
4190:
4183:
4167:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4099:
4082:Cotton MS Faustina B IX
4080:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4056:
4052:
4032:
4016:
3996:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3953:
3949:
3942:
3938:
3925:The Annals of Tigernach
3923:
3916:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3848:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3792:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3729:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
3716:
3713:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
3681:
3665:
3661:
3654:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
3641:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3609:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3578:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
3561:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3532:pp. 124–125, 167, 222;
3521:
3514:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
3497:
3485:
3468:
3464:
3452:
3440:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3399:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3356:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3320:
3308:
3296:
3292:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3269:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
3265:Charles-Edwards (2013a)
3264:
3260:
3256:
3244:
3240:
3216:
3212:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3068:
3056:
3029:
3017:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2937:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2897:
2893:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2865:
2861:
2849:
2846:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2813:
2805:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2737:
2730:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
2721:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2653:
2649:
2637:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2605:
2597:
2593:
2585:
2581:
2573:
2569:
2561:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2533:
2526:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
2513:
2509:
2501:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2457:
2453:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2430:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
2421:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2361:
2357:
2337:
2330:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
2321:
2302:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2275:
2271:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2207:
2195:
2180:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2148:
2144:
2120:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2049:
2045:
2023:
2018:The Annals of Tigernach
2016:
2001:
1986:
1982:
1966:
1962:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1918:
1914:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1810:
1797:Cotton MS Faustina B IX
1795:
1791:
1787:
1763:
1751:
1739:
1735:
1695:
1679:
1671:
1667:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1507:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1411:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1387:
1375:
1371:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1308:
1304:
1292:
1280:
1268:
1264:
1256:
1252:
1249:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
1232:
1221:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1180:
1172:
1152:
1140:
1136:
1128:
1120:
1116:
1100:
1096:
1088:
1085:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
1080:
1041:
897:
869:
688:
653:Thored filius Gunnerses
594:
552:
546:
540:
454:
411:Cináed mac Maíl Choluim
401:
397:Cináed mac Maíl Choluim
285:
7913:Stevenson, WH (1898).
7485:10.1093/ref:odnb/49382
7467:Macquarrie, A (2004).
7422:10.7722/j.ctt17mvjs6.9
6787:Dunedin Academic Press
6214:10.1093/ref:odnb/15399
5871:The Flowers of History
5746:"The Annals of Ulster"
5726:"The Annals of Ulster"
4842:Oxford Digital Library
4415:pp. 101, 174 nn. 8–9;
4321:pp. 101, 174 nn. 8–9;
3680:pp. 126–127, 222–223;
3382:Cotton MS Tiberius B I
3215:p. 107, 107 nn. 1, 4;
2589:
1626:pp. 66, 66 n. 27, 70;
1018:
946:
887:
788:Annals of Clonmacnoise
746:
723:
717:
712:
693:
657:
652:
599:
530:
489:Chronicon ex chronicis
459:
406:
346:
341:
258:
224:Kingdom of Strathclyde
215:
54:
8188:10.1093/ref:odnb/8463
8148:10.1093/ref:odnb/8501
8130:Williams, A (2004b).
8119:Mediaeval Scandinavia
7966:Early Medieval Europe
7721:Molyneaux, G (2015).
7304:Jennings, A (2015) .
6905:Early Medieval Europe
6874:10.3366/shr.2014.0216
6678:Davidson, MR (2002).
6586:Clarkson, T (2012) .
6199:"Kenneth II (d. 995)"
6174:10.1093/ref:odnb/6870
6030:Early Medieval Europe
5402:Welsh Prose 1300–1425
4825:Cartularium Saxonicum
4737:"Annals of Tigernach"
3933:ch. 7 ¶ 17, 7 n. 19;
2900:p. 236 bk. 2 ch. 148.
2712:pp. 143–144, n. 466;
2297:Jesus College MS. 111
1590:p. 162 bk. 5 ch. 21;
1582:ch. 6 ¶ 11, 6 n. 20;
1382:ch. 6 ¶ 14, 6 n. 19;
729:English royal charter
706:
685:
648:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
641:
604:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
590:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
587:
536:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
527:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
520:
476:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
441:
394:
328:
276:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
252:
213:
55:Malcolm rex Cumbrorum
8452:Kings of Strathclyde
8412:Rhydderch ap Dyfnwal
8402:Notes and references
8335:at Wikimedia Commons
8296:. pp. 221–239.
8064:Walker, IW (2013) .
7763:Parsons, DN (2011).
7588:McGuigan, N (2015).
7534:: CS1 maint: year (
7285:Jennings, A (1994).
6630:Clarkson, T (2014).
6563:Clarkson, T (2010).
5912:. pp. 303–321.
5910:Blackwell Publishing
5844:Williams Ab Ithel, J
5547:: CS1 maint: year (
5490:: CS1 maint: year (
5456:: CS1 maint: year (
5422:: CS1 maint: year (
5270:: CS1 maint: year (
5020:: CS1 maint: year (
4986:: CS1 maint: year (
4952:: CS1 maint: year (
4892:"Chronicon Scotorum"
4872:"Chronicon Scotorum"
4862:: CS1 maint: year (
4492:The Annals of Ulster
4485:The Annals of Ulster
4259:pp. 557–560 § 1266;
4178:pp. 557–560 § 1266;
4170:p. 101, 101 n. 302;
3944:The Annals of Ulster
3918:The Annals of Ulster
3610:Gough-Cooper (2015b)
3588:pp. 125 n. 10, 222;
3331:p. 149, 149 n. 172;
2912:p. 144, 144 n. 469;
2896:p. 147 bk. 2 ch. 8;
2890:Stevenson, WH (1898)
2868:p. 108, 108 n. 123;
2802:Stevenson, WH (1898)
2776:pp. 116, 191 n. 50;
2686:Stevenson, WH (1898)
2602:Stevenson, WH (1898)
2508:ch. Malmesbury ¶ 6;
1734:ch. Malmesbury ¶ 5;
1578:ch. Malmesbury ¶ 7;
1460:Gough-Cooper (2015a)
1372:Gough-Cooper (2015a)
912:Chronicle of Melrose
689:rí Bretan Tuaisceirt
495:Gesta regum Anglorum
378:Chronicle of Melrose
369:Rhydderch ap Dyfnwal
355:Dub mac Maíl Choluim
336:Chronicle of Melrose
331:Rhydderch ap Dyfnwal
154:Rhydderch ap Dyfnwal
79:Rhydderch ap Dyfnwal
8385:King of Strathclyde
8173:"Edgar (943/4–975)"
7898:The Clarendon Press
7892:Anglo-Saxon England
7744:. Brimscombe Port:
7337:Karkov, CE (2004).
7180:Hudson, BT (1996).
7115:Hudson, BT (1994).
7090:Hudson, BT (1991).
7067:Holland, T (2016).
7025:10.16922/whr.25.3.1
6897:Edmonds, F (2015).
6856:Edmonds, F (2014).
6781:Downham, C (2007).
6590:(EPUB). Edinburgh:
6567:(EPUB). Edinburgh:
6497:Charles-Edwards, TM
6481:Cassell and Company
6347:. In Crowcroft, R;
6085:10.1093/nq/39.3.269
5640:Chronica de Mailros
4822:Birch, WDG (1893).
4606:Anderson, AO (1922)
4576:Annals of Tigernach
4556:Anderson, AO (1922)
4518:Anderson, AO (1922)
4500:p. 184, 184 n. 17;
4468:Anderson, AO (1922)
4174:ch. 7 ¶ 5, 7 n. 3;
4077:Stevenson, J (1835)
4073:Stevenson, J (1856)
4069:Anderson, AO (1922)
3985:Anderson, AO (1922)
3955:Annals of Tigernach
3871:pp. 101, 174 n. 8;
3773:Anderson, AO (1922)
3753:Anderson, AO (1922)
3634:Anderson, AO (1922)
3596:pp. 143, 146, 151;
3544:pp. 143, 146, 151;
3341:Anderson, AO (1908)
3217:Anderson, AO (1908)
3213:Anderson, MO (1960)
3197:Anderson, MO (1960)
3169:Anderson, MO (1960)
3153:Anderson, AO (1908)
3149:Anderson, MO (1960)
3121:Anderson, AO (1908)
3006:Stevenson, J (1835)
3002:Stevenson, J (1856)
2998:Anderson, AO (1922)
2922:Anderson, AO (1908)
2886:Anderson, AO (1908)
2810:Stevenson, J (1853)
2798:Anderson, AO (1908)
2682:Anderson, AO (1922)
2632:p. 206, 206 n. 60;
2598:Anderson, AO (1908)
2256:Anderson, AO (1922)
2098:Anderson, AO (1922)
2025:Annals of Tigernach
1965:pp. 93, 174 n. 10;
1951:Stevenson, J (1835)
1947:Anderson, AO (1922)
1899:Anderson, AO (1922)
1792:Stevenson, J (1835)
1788:Anderson, AO (1922)
1722:chs. 6 ¶ 14, 7 ¶ 5.
1678:p. 308, 308 n. 41;
1648:Anderson, AO (1908)
1584:Anderson, AO (1908)
1560:Anderson, AO (1908)
1502:p. 228, 228 n. 26;
1490:p. 307, 307 n. 36;
1478:pp. 33, 52–53, 76;
1440:Anderson, AO (1922)
1412:Anderson, AO (1922)
1390:p. 228, 228 n. 27;
1386:p. 308, 308 n. 40;
1271:p. 173 genealogy 6.
800:Annals of Tigernach
627:attention from the
464:convened with Edgar
449:Red Book of Hergest
349:After the death of
134:King of Strathclyde
65:King of Strathclyde
29:King of Strathclyde
8294:Brepols Publishers
8049:. pp. 15–33.
7740:Oram, RD (2011) .
7611:McLeod, S (2015).
7508:"Malcolm 4 (Male)"
7048:Hicks, DA (2003).
6917:10.1111/emed.12087
6713:. pp. 66–90.
6341:Broun, D (2015) .
6196:Broun, D (2004b).
5645:The Bannatyne Club
5432:"Royal MS 14 B VI"
5295:Flores Historiarum
4668:p. 44, 44 n. 107;
4656:p. 572 fig. 17.4;
4628:pp. 222, 233, 236.
4538:Chronicon Scotorum
4531:Chronicon Scotorum
3636:pp. 478–479 n. 6;
3259:pp. 72, 110, 118;
3199:p. 107, 107 n. 1;
3171:p. 107, 107 n. 1;
3107:pp. 115–116, 140;
1901:p. 476, 476 n. 1;
1638:p. 78, 78 n. 114;
1552:Alcock (1975–1976)
1534:p. 78, 78 n. 114;
1408:Alcock (1975–1976)
1343:pp. 64, 65 n. 76;
1251:p. 572 fig. 17.4;
973:Life of St Cathróe
873:means "servant of
856:Malcolm ap Dyfnwal
796:Chronicon Scotorum
718:
694:
658:
631:westwards towards
608:Amlaíb mac Illuilb
600:
562:Flores historiarum
531:
512:Flores historiarum
480:Life of St Swithun
460:
407:
347:
306:Flores historiarum
259:
216:
8544:
8543:
8419:
8418:
8415:
8404:
8390:Succeeded by
8331:Media related to
8311:978-2-503-52394-1
8280:978-1-405-10628-3
8257:978-0-7486-1233-8
8228:. London: Seaby.
8215:(Subscription or
8203:cite encyclopedia
8161:(Subscription or
8109:978-1-349-27454-3
8075:978-0-7524-9519-4
8056:978-1-84682-500-2
8047:Four Courts Press
8011:Todd, JM (2005).
7755:978-0-7524-7099-3
7746:The History Press
7732:978-0-19-871791-1
7674:978-1-59884-964-6
7498:(Subscription or
7470:"Donald (d. 975)"
7413:978-1-78327-071-2
7386:978-1-84383-399-4
7329:978-0-19-967783-2
7082:978-0-241-18782-1
7001:978-0-521-82992-2
6965:Firth, M (2018).
6940:Firth, M (2016).
6826:978-1-107-16097-2
6796:978-1-903765-89-0
6720:978-1-84383-432-8
6711:The Boydell Press
6641:978-1-907909-25-2
6601:978-1-907909-01-6
6578:978-1-907909-02-3
6533:978-0-19-821731-2
6374:978-0-19-967783-2
6333:978-0-7486-2360-0
6318:Broun, D (2007).
6227:(Subscription or
6187:(Subscription or
6072:Notes and Queries
5919:978-1-405-10628-3
5893:Secondary sources
5520:"Saltair na Rann"
5500:"Saltair na Rann"
5316:978-1-108-05334-1
4594:Macquarrie (1998)
4582:Macquarrie (2004)
4124:Macquarrie (2004)
3987:p. 480, 480 n. 7.
3977:Macquarrie (1998)
3965:Macquarrie (2004)
3865:Macquarrie (1998)
3857:Macquarrie (2004)
3827:ch. 4 ¶¶ 30, 36;
3283:p. 73, 73 n. 40;
2482:Macquarrie (1998)
2458:Macquarrie (2004)
2390:Macquarrie (1998)
2362:Macquarrie (2004)
2336:ch. 4 ¶¶ 30, 36;
2002:Macquarrie (2004)
1983:Macquarrie (2004)
1973:pp. 169–170 bk 4.
1939:Macquarrie (2004)
1917:pp. 87–88 n. 37;
1895:Macquarrie (1998)
1871:Macquarrie (1998)
1867:Macquarrie (2004)
1470:pp. 83, 139–140;
1265:Macquarrie (1998)
1259:p. 238 tab. 6.4;
1193:Macquarrie (2004)
971:According to the
727:who witnessed an
612:Maccus mac Arailt
595:Eadgar Angla cing
314:Cerdicing dynasty
292:Historia Anglorum
270:Brut y Tywysogyon
127:
126:
16:(Redirected from
8574:
8537:
8445:
8438:
8431:
8422:
8409:
8400:
8393:Owain ap Dyfnwal
8378:Dyfnwal ab Owain
8360:
8348:
8330:
8315:
8284:
8261:
8239:
8220:
8212:
8206:
8198:
8196:
8194:
8175:
8166:
8158:
8156:
8154:
8135:
8126:
8113:
8079:
8060:
8037:
8035:
8017:
8007:
7997:
7960:
7909:
7895:
7881:
7859:
7829:
7823:
7815:
7789:
7769:
7759:
7736:
7717:
7678:
7662:
7651:
7632:
7607:
7605:
7584:
7545:Northern History
7539:
7533:
7525:
7523:
7521:
7503:
7495:
7493:
7491:
7472:
7463:
7444:
7425:
7398:
7374:
7360:
7333:
7309:
7300:
7298:
7281:
7253:
7242:
7214:
7203:
7176:
7170:
7166:
7164:
7156:
7154:
7152:
7143:. Archived from
7121:. Westport, CT:
7111:
7086:
7063:
7061:
7044:
7005:
6986:
6961:
6936:
6902:
6893:
6852:
6830:
6800:
6777:
6738:Northern History
6732:
6697:
6695:
6674:
6662:
6645:
6626:
6611:History Scotland
6605:
6582:
6559:
6537:
6518:
6492:
6470:
6451:
6432:
6405:
6382:
6379:Oxford Reference
6355:(2nd ed.).
6346:
6337:
6314:
6286:
6271:
6239:The Innes Review
6232:
6224:
6222:
6220:
6201:
6192:
6184:
6182:
6180:
6161:
6159:"Culen (d. 971)"
6149:
6110:Northern History
6104:
6062:
6020:
5980:
5936:
5923:
5887:
5861:
5839:
5813:
5794:
5783:
5761:
5759:
5757:
5741:
5739:
5737:
5721:
5719:
5717:
5701:
5678:
5667:
5656:
5630:
5611:
5592:
5570:
5552:
5546:
5538:
5536:
5534:
5524:
5515:
5513:
5511:
5495:
5489:
5481:
5479:
5477:
5461:
5455:
5447:
5445:
5443:
5427:
5421:
5413:
5411:
5409:
5393:
5370:
5320:
5289:
5275:
5269:
5261:
5259:
5257:
5241:
5218:
5168:
5146:
5144:
5132:
5130:
5118:
5107:
5093:
5074:
5051:
5025:
5019:
5011:
5009:
5007:
4991:
4985:
4977:
4975:
4973:
4957:
4951:
4943:
4941:
4939:
4921:
4907:
4905:
4903:
4887:
4885:
4883:
4867:
4861:
4853:
4851:
4849:
4829:
4818:
4795:
4784:
4773:Longman & Co
4758:
4756:
4754:
4732:
4713:
4673:
4647:
4641:
4635:
4629:
4615:
4609:
4565:
4559:
4527:
4521:
4481:
4475:
4449:
4443:
4437:
4431:
4391:
4385:
4379:
4373:
4367:
4361:
4355:
4349:
4339:
4333:
4309:
4303:
4297:
4291:
4277:
4271:
4255:p. 52, 52 n. 6;
4250:
4244:
4218:Molyneaux (2011)
4206:Molyneaux (2015)
4203:
4197:
4165:
4159:
4153:
4147:
4141:
4135:
4109:
4103:
4093:
4087:
4066:
4060:
4042:
4036:
4026:
4020:
4006:
4000:
3994:
3988:
3914:
3908:
3882:
3876:
3814:
3808:
3802:
3796:
3790:
3784:
3766:
3760:
3749:Whitelock (1996)
3738:
3732:
3726:
3720:
3710:
3704:
3691:
3685:
3675:
3669:
3651:
3645:
3612:p. 43 § b993.1;
3607:
3601:
3598:Jayakumar (2002)
3571:
3565:
3546:Jayakumar (2002)
3495:
3489:
3483:
3472:
3462:
3456:
3450:
3444:
3438:
3423:
3393:
3387:
3373:Whitelock (1996)
3366:
3360:
3354:
3348:
3318:
3312:
3306:
3300:
3254:
3248:
3230:
3224:
3219:pp. 77–78 n. 6;
3210:
3204:
3186:
3180:
3166:
3160:
3134:
3128:
3117:Whitelock (1996)
3098:
3092:
3083:pp. 66–67, 140;
3078:
3072:
3066:
3060:
3054:
3048:
3042:
3036:
3027:
3021:
3015:
3009:
2991:
2985:
2971:
2965:
2951:
2945:
2935:
2929:
2907:
2901:
2850:Molyneaux (2011)
2836:p. 144, n. 466;
2823:
2817:
2778:Whitelock (1996)
2738:Molyneaux (2011)
2720:ch. 7 ¶¶ 12–14;
2699:
2693:
2638:Molyneaux (2011)
2615:
2609:
2586:Whitelock (1996)
2536:pp. 66, 69, 88;
2534:Molyneaux (2011)
2514:Molyneaux (2015)
2499:
2493:
2474:Jayakumar (2002)
2415:
2409:
2378:Jayakumar (2002)
2315:
2309:
2285:
2279:
2269:
2263:
2217:
2211:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2184:
2178:
2172:
2158:
2152:
2142:
2136:
2130:
2124:
2114:
2105:
2059:
2053:
2043:
2037:
2014:
2005:
1999:
1990:
1980:
1974:
1960:
1954:
1933:ch. 9 ¶¶ 32–33;
1928:
1922:
1912:
1906:
1888:
1882:
1845:ch. 9 ¶¶ 28–29;
1832:
1826:
1820:
1814:
1808:
1802:
1785:
1779:
1773:
1767:
1764:Molyneaux (2015)
1761:
1755:
1749:
1743:
1736:Molyneaux (2015)
1729:
1723:
1717:
1711:
1705:
1699:
1689:
1683:
1665:
1659:
1624:Molyneaux (2011)
1614:pp. 33, 61, 76;
1612:Molyneaux (2015)
1601:
1595:
1573:
1567:
1562:p. 74, 74 n. 3;
1544:Whitelock (1996)
1516:Williams (2004b)
1498:ch. 9 ¶¶ 25–27;
1492:Molyneaux (2011)
1476:Molyneaux (2015)
1457:
1451:
1421:
1415:
1374:p. 27 § a509.3;
1369:
1363:
1358:Royal MS 14 B VI
1354:
1348:
1345:Schrijver (1995)
1330:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1218:
1212:
1209:Jayakumar (2002)
1162:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1110:
1104:
1074:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1039:
1023:
1021:
1014:
1008:
1004:
998:
995:Owain ap Dyfnwal
991:
985:
982:
976:
969:
963:
949:
934:
928:
925:
919:
908:
902:
900:
890:
872:
865:
859:
824:
792:Annals of Ulster
764:
761:Owain ap Dyfnwal
757:Dyfnwal ab Owain
726:
715:
691:
667:Thored Gunnerson
655:
644:Thored Gunnerson
629:British mainland
597:
555:
549:
543:
457:
444:Dyfnwal ab Owain
404:
344:
288:
168:and that of the
123:Dyfnwal ab Owain
89:Owain ap Dyfnwal
75:Dyfnwal ab Owain
57:
44:
32:
21:
8582:
8581:
8577:
8576:
8575:
8573:
8572:
8571:
8547:
8546:
8545:
8540:
8535:
8527:
8454:
8449:
8395:
8375:
8354:
8353:
8323:
8318:
8312:
8287:
8281:
8264:
8258:
8242:
8236:
8223:
8214:
8199:
8192:
8190:
8169:
8160:
8152:
8150:
8129:
8116:
8110:
8092:Macmillan Press
8082:
8076:
8063:
8057:
8040:
8033:10.5284/1032950
8015:
8010:
7963:
7927:(51): 505–507.
7912:
7884:
7878:
7862:
7856:
7832:
7816:
7800:, eds. (1890).
7792:
7767:
7762:
7756:
7739:
7733:
7720:
7681:
7675:
7654:
7648:
7635:
7610:
7587:
7542:
7526:
7519:
7517:
7506:
7497:
7489:
7487:
7466:
7460:
7447:
7441:
7428:
7414:
7401:
7387:
7363:
7349:
7336:
7330:
7303:
7284:
7262:
7245:
7231:
7206:
7192:
7179:
7167:
7157:
7150:
7148:
7147:on 23 June 2019
7133:
7123:Greenwood Press
7114:
7089:
7083:
7066:
7047:
7008:
7002:
6989:
6964:
6939:
6896:
6855:
6849:
6833:
6827:
6803:
6797:
6780:
6735:
6721:
6700:
6677:
6671:
6648:
6642:
6629:
6608:
6602:
6592:Birlinn Limited
6585:
6579:
6562:
6556:
6540:
6534:
6521:
6495:
6473:
6467:
6454:
6448:
6435:
6429:
6421:. p. 439.
6408:
6402:
6385:
6375:
6340:
6334:
6317:
6303:
6274:
6235:
6226:
6218:
6216:
6195:
6186:
6178:
6176:
6152:
6107:
6065:
6023:
5983:
5934:
5926:
5920:
5899:
5895:
5890:
5864:
5842:
5836:
5820:, ed. (1996) .
5816:
5797:
5786:
5764:
5755:
5753:
5744:
5735:
5733:
5724:
5715:
5713:
5704:
5681:
5670:
5659:
5633:
5614:
5595:
5573:
5555:
5539:
5532:
5530:
5522:
5518:
5509:
5507:
5498:
5482:
5475:
5473:
5464:
5448:
5441:
5439:
5436:British Library
5430:
5414:
5407:
5405:
5396:
5390:
5373:
5323:
5317:
5292:
5278:
5262:
5255:
5253:
5244:
5238:
5221:
5171:
5149:
5142:
5135:
5128:
5121:
5110:
5096:
5077:
5054:
5028:
5012:
5005:
5003:
5000:British Library
4994:
4978:
4971:
4969:
4966:British Library
4960:
4944:
4937:
4935:
4931:British Library
4924:
4910:
4901:
4899:
4890:
4881:
4879:
4870:
4854:
4847:
4845:
4832:
4821:
4815:
4798:
4787:
4761:
4752:
4750:
4735:
4716:
4690:
4686:
4684:Primary sources
4681:
4676:
4650:Clarkson (2014)
4648:
4644:
4638:Clarkson (2014)
4636:
4632:
4622:Clarkson (2010)
4618:Clarkson (2014)
4616:
4612:
4602:Mac Eoin (1961)
4590:Thornton (2001)
4566:
4562:
4552:Mac Eoin (1961)
4544:Thornton (2001)
4528:
4524:
4514:Mac Eoin (1961)
4506:Thornton (2001)
4502:Davidson (2002)
4482:
4478:
4464:Mac Eoin (1961)
4456:Thornton (2001)
4450:
4446:
4438:
4434:
4426:Saltair na Rann
4421:Mac Eoin (1961)
4399:Saltair na Rann
4394:McGuigan (2015)
4392:
4388:
4380:
4376:
4370:Clarkson (2012)
4368:
4364:
4356:
4352:
4346:Clarkson (2010)
4342:Clarkson (2014)
4340:
4336:
4328:Saltair na Rann
4323:Mac Eoin (1961)
4313:Saltair na Rann
4310:
4306:
4300:Davidson (2002)
4298:
4294:
4288:Clarkson (2010)
4284:Clarkson (2012)
4280:Clarkson (2014)
4278:
4274:
4253:Thornton (2001)
4251:
4247:
4230:Thornton (2001)
4226:Davidson (2002)
4210:Clarkson (2014)
4204:
4200:
4172:Clarkson (2014)
4168:McGuigan (2015)
4166:
4162:
4154:
4150:
4142:
4138:
4128:Davidson (2002)
4120:Clarkson (2012)
4112:Williams (2014)
4110:
4106:
4094:
4090:
4067:
4063:
4043:
4039:
4027:
4023:
4017:Thornton (2001)
4007:
4003:
3997:Clarkson (2010)
3995:
3991:
3973:Davidson (2002)
3939:Clarkson (2010)
3931:Clarkson (2014)
3915:
3911:
3897:Clarkson (2010)
3889:Williams (2014)
3885:Clarkson (2014)
3883:
3879:
3861:Davidson (2002)
3837:Clarkson (2010)
3821:Williams (2014)
3817:Clarkson (2014)
3815:
3811:
3803:
3799:
3793:McGuigan (2015)
3791:
3787:
3781:Colganvm (1645)
3769:McGuigan (2015)
3767:
3763:
3745:Williams (2004)
3741:Williams (2014)
3739:
3735:
3727:
3723:
3717:Davidson (2002)
3711:
3707:
3692:
3688:
3676:
3672:
3662:Matthews (2007)
3652:
3648:
3630:Davidson (2002)
3622:Matthews (2007)
3614:Williams (2014)
3608:
3604:
3594:Davidson (2002)
3590:Matthews (2007)
3574:Clarkson (2014)
3572:
3568:
3558:Jennings (1994)
3550:Williams (1999)
3542:Davidson (2002)
3534:Matthews (2007)
3510:Williams (2014)
3506:Clarkson (2014)
3498:Jennings (2015)
3496:
3492:
3486:Matthews (2007)
3484:
3475:
3463:
3459:
3451:
3447:
3439:
3426:
3420:Davidson (2002)
3394:
3390:
3369:O'Keeffe (2001)
3367:
3363:
3355:
3351:
3329:Davidson (2002)
3321:McGuigan (2015)
3319:
3315:
3307:
3303:
3277:Clarkson (2010)
3257:Dumville (2018)
3255:
3251:
3245:Thornton (2001)
3241:Davidson (2002)
3237:Williams (2004)
3231:
3227:
3211:
3207:
3193:Thornton (2001)
3187:
3183:
3167:
3163:
3145:Thornton (2001)
3135:
3131:
3113:Thornton (2001)
3109:Davidson (2001)
3105:Davidson (2002)
3099:
3095:
3089:Thornton (2001)
3085:Davidson (2001)
3081:Davidson (2002)
3079:
3075:
3069:Thornton (2001)
3067:
3063:
3057:Thornton (2001)
3055:
3051:
3045:Williams (2004)
3043:
3039:
3028:
3024:
3018:Davidson (2002)
3016:
3012:
2992:
2988:
2978:Thornton (2001)
2972:
2968:
2954:Thornton (2001)
2952:
2948:
2938:Thornton (2001)
2936:
2932:
2918:Thornton (2001)
2914:Davidson (2002)
2910:McGuigan (2015)
2908:
2904:
2878:Thornton (2001)
2874:Davidson (2002)
2870:Williams (2004)
2862:Matthews (2007)
2842:Williams (2014)
2834:McGuigan (2015)
2824:
2820:
2806:Forester (1854)
2786:Jennings (1994)
2774:Williams (1999)
2770:Thornton (2001)
2766:Davidson (2002)
2762:Williams (2004)
2750:Matthews (2007)
2726:Williams (2014)
2718:Clarkson (2014)
2710:McGuigan (2015)
2700:
2696:
2678:Jennings (1994)
2670:Williams (1999)
2666:Thornton (2001)
2662:Davidson (2002)
2658:Williams (2004)
2650:Matthews (2007)
2634:Williams (2014)
2626:McGuigan (2015)
2616:
2612:
2582:Williams (1999)
2574:Thornton (2001)
2570:Davidson (2002)
2566:Williams (2004)
2546:Matthews (2007)
2522:Williams (2014)
2518:Clarkson (2014)
2510:McGuigan (2015)
2500:
2496:
2480:pp. 54–55, 67;
2478:Thornton (2001)
2470:Davidson (2002)
2462:Williams (2004)
2434:Clarkson (2012)
2426:Williams (2014)
2418:Clarkson (2014)
2416:
2412:
2398:Jennings (1994)
2386:Williams (1999)
2382:Thornton (2001)
2370:Davidson (2002)
2366:Williams (2004)
2338:Clarkson (2012)
2326:Williams (2014)
2318:Clarkson (2014)
2316:
2312:
2286:
2282:
2276:Clarkson (2010)
2272:Clarkson (2012)
2270:
2266:
2240:Davidson (2002)
2228:Clarkson (2010)
2224:Clarkson (2012)
2220:McGuigan (2015)
2218:
2214:
2206:
2202:
2196:Clarkson (2010)
2194:
2187:
2181:Thornton (2001)
2179:
2175:
2169:Clarkson (2010)
2165:Clarkson (2012)
2161:McGuigan (2015)
2159:
2155:
2145:Clarkson (2010)
2143:
2139:
2131:
2127:
2115:
2108:
2078:Clarkson (2010)
2070:Clarkson (2012)
2062:Williams (2014)
2060:
2056:
2044:
2040:
2015:
2008:
2000:
1993:
1987:Thornton (2001)
1981:
1977:
1961:
1957:
1931:Clarkson (2010)
1929:
1925:
1913:
1909:
1891:Clarkson (2010)
1889:
1885:
1851:Clarkson (2010)
1843:Clarkson (2012)
1839:Clarkson (2014)
1833:
1829:
1821:
1817:
1809:
1805:
1786:
1782:
1776:Clarkson (2014)
1774:
1770:
1762:
1758:
1750:
1746:
1730:
1726:
1720:Clarkson (2014)
1718:
1714:
1708:Clarkson (2014)
1706:
1702:
1696:Clarkson (2010)
1692:Clarkson (2014)
1690:
1686:
1676:Halloran (2011)
1668:McGuigan (2015)
1666:
1662:
1636:Thornton (2001)
1620:Halloran (2011)
1616:Clarkson (2014)
1608:McGuigan (2015)
1602:
1598:
1592:Forester (1853)
1586:p. 74 nn. 4–5;
1580:Clarkson (2014)
1574:
1570:
1540:Williams (1999)
1536:O'Keeffe (2001)
1532:Thornton (2001)
1496:Clarkson (2010)
1488:Halloran (2011)
1480:Clarkson (2014)
1468:McGuigan (2015)
1458:
1454:
1428:Clarkson (2010)
1424:Clarkson (2014)
1422:
1418:
1384:Halloran (2011)
1380:Clarkson (2014)
1370:
1366:
1355:
1351:
1331:
1327:
1321:Clarkson (2013)
1319:
1315:
1303:
1299:
1293:Clarkson (2010)
1291:
1287:
1281:Thornton (2001)
1279:
1275:
1253:Clarkson (2010)
1245:Clarkson (2014)
1243:
1239:
1233:Clarkson (2010)
1231:
1227:
1219:
1215:
1181:Clarkson (2010)
1173:Clarkson (2012)
1165:Williams (2014)
1163:
1159:
1151:
1147:
1141:Thornton (2001)
1111:
1107:
1097:Davidson (2002)
1077:Clarkson (2014)
1075:
1071:
1063:
1059:
1044:p. 142 n. 149;
1042:Davidson (2002)
1040:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1026:
1015:
1011:
1005:
1001:
992:
988:
983:
979:
970:
966:
935:
931:
926:
922:
909:
905:
866:
862:
825:
821:
816:
779:Saltair na Rann
766:
752:Saltair na Rann
749:— excerpt from
748:
737:elder statesman
680:
566:Chronica majora
507:Chronica majora
436:
373:Verse Chronicle
323:
264:Annales Cambriæ
236:Kingdom of Alba
232:Alpínid dynasty
208:
191:Saltair na Rann
59:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8580:
8578:
8570:
8569:
8564:
8559:
8549:
8548:
8542:
8541:
8539:
8538:
8532:
8529:
8528:
8526:
8525:
8518:
8513:
8506:
8501:
8494:
8489:
8484:
8479:
8472:
8467:
8459:
8456:
8455:
8450:
8448:
8447:
8440:
8433:
8425:
8417:
8416:
8406:
8405:
8397:
8396:
8391:
8388:
8381:
8373:
8367:
8366:
8365:Regnal titles
8362:
8361:
8351:
8346:
8345:
8336:
8322:
8321:External links
8319:
8317:
8316:
8310:
8285:
8279:
8262:
8256:
8240:
8234:
8221:
8167:
8127:
8114:
8108:
8080:
8074:
8061:
8055:
8038:
8008:
7961:
7910:
7882:
7876:
7860:
7854:
7830:
7790:
7760:
7754:
7737:
7731:
7718:
7679:
7673:
7652:
7646:
7633:
7608:
7592:(PhD thesis).
7585:
7540:
7504:
7464:
7458:
7445:
7439:
7426:
7412:
7399:
7385:
7361:
7347:
7334:
7328:
7301:
7282:
7260:
7243:
7229:
7204:
7190:
7177:
7169:|journal=
7131:
7112:
7102:(1): 141–155.
7087:
7081:
7064:
7045:
7019:(3): 297–313.
7006:
7000:
6992:Viking Empires
6987:
6962:
6937:
6894:
6868:(2): 195–216.
6853:
6847:
6831:
6825:
6801:
6795:
6778:
6733:
6719:
6698:
6682:(PhD thesis).
6675:
6669:
6646:
6640:
6627:
6606:
6600:
6583:
6577:
6560:
6554:
6538:
6532:
6519:
6493:
6471:
6465:
6452:
6446:
6433:
6427:
6406:
6400:
6383:
6373:
6338:
6332:
6315:
6301:
6272:
6246:(2): 111–180.
6233:
6193:
6150:
6116:(1): 153–157.
6105:
6079:(3): 269–270.
6063:
6021:
5981:
5924:
5918:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5888:
5868:, ed. (1853).
5862:
5846:, ed. (1860).
5840:
5834:
5814:
5795:
5784:
5768:, ed. (1848).
5762:
5742:
5722:
5702:
5679:
5668:
5657:
5637:, ed. (1835).
5631:
5612:
5593:
5577:, ed. (1867).
5571:
5559:, ed. (1881).
5553:
5516:
5496:
5462:
5428:
5394:
5388:
5371:
5321:
5315:
5290:
5282:, ed. (1872).
5276:
5242:
5236:
5219:
5185:(2): 129–161.
5169:
5153:, ed. (1840).
5147:
5133:
5119:
5108:
5100:, ed. (1847).
5094:
5075:
5052:
5032:, ed. (1841).
5026:
4992:
4958:
4922:
4914:, ed. (1645).
4908:
4888:
4868:
4830:
4819:
4813:
4796:
4785:
4765:, ed. (1879).
4759:
4733:
4714:
4694:, ed. (1908).
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4674:
4642:
4630:
4610:
4560:
4522:
4476:
4444:
4432:
4403:§§ 2373–2376;
4386:
4374:
4362:
4350:
4334:
4317:§§ 2373–2376;
4304:
4292:
4272:
4245:
4224:p. 50 n. 232;
4198:
4160:
4148:
4136:
4104:
4088:
4061:
4057:Stenton (1963)
4037:
4021:
4001:
3989:
3909:
3877:
3809:
3797:
3785:
3761:
3733:
3721:
3705:
3686:
3678:Downham (2007)
3670:
3658:Downham (2007)
3646:
3618:Downham (2007)
3602:
3586:Downham (2007)
3566:
3562:Stenton (1963)
3530:Downham (2007)
3490:
3473:
3457:
3445:
3424:
3408:Downham (2007)
3388:
3361:
3349:
3313:
3301:
3297:Stenton (1963)
3285:Downham (2007)
3275:p. 138 n. 62;
3273:Parsons (2011)
3261:Edmonds (2015)
3249:
3233:Downham (2007)
3225:
3205:
3181:
3161:
3129:
3093:
3073:
3061:
3049:
3037:
3022:
3010:
2986:
2966:
2946:
2930:
2902:
2876:pp. 143, 145;
2858:Downham (2007)
2838:Edmonds (2014)
2826:Edmonds (2015)
2818:
2794:Stenton (1963)
2746:Downham (2007)
2722:Edmonds (2014)
2706:Edmonds (2015)
2694:
2646:Downham (2007)
2630:Edmonds (2014)
2618:Edmonds (2015)
2610:
2594:Stenton (1963)
2542:Downham (2007)
2506:Holland (2016)
2494:
2490:Stenton (1963)
2488:pp. 104, 124;
2452:pp. 124, 167;
2450:Downham (2007)
2422:Edmonds (2014)
2410:
2406:Stenton (1963)
2404:pp. 104, 124;
2354:Downham (2007)
2322:Edmonds (2014)
2310:
2280:
2264:
2246:pp. 151, 161;
2212:
2200:
2185:
2173:
2153:
2137:
2125:
2106:
2096:pp. 151, 161;
2054:
2038:
2006:
1991:
1975:
1955:
1923:
1907:
1883:
1827:
1815:
1803:
1780:
1768:
1766:pp. 33, 77–78.
1756:
1744:
1732:Holland (2016)
1724:
1712:
1700:
1684:
1660:
1644:Stenton (1963)
1642:p. 174 n. 12;
1596:
1576:Holland (2016)
1568:
1556:Stenton (1963)
1520:Downham (2003)
1504:Downham (2007)
1462:p. 27 n. 191;
1452:
1432:Downham (2003)
1416:
1400:Downham (2003)
1392:Downham (2007)
1364:
1349:
1341:Bruford (2000)
1325:
1313:
1305:Parsons (2011)
1297:
1285:
1273:
1237:
1225:
1213:
1157:
1145:
1117:Parsons (2011)
1105:
1081:Edmonds (2014)
1069:
1065:Downham (2007)
1057:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1009:
999:
986:
977:
964:
929:
920:
903:
895:of the Gaelic
885:personal name
860:
818:
817:
815:
812:
741:
679:
676:
435:
432:
322:
319:
207:
204:
125:
124:
121:
117:
116:
110:
104:
103:
100:
96:
95:
92:
91:
86:
82:
81:
72:
68:
67:
61:
60:
45:
37:
36:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8579:
8568:
8565:
8563:
8560:
8558:
8555:
8554:
8552:
8534:
8533:
8530:
8524:
8523:
8519:
8517:
8514:
8512:
8511:
8507:
8505:
8502:
8500:
8499:
8495:
8493:
8490:
8488:
8485:
8483:
8480:
8478:
8477:
8473:
8471:
8468:
8466:
8465:
8461:
8460:
8457:
8453:
8446:
8441:
8439:
8434:
8432:
8427:
8426:
8423:
8413:
8407:
8403:
8398:
8394:
8387:
8386:
8380:
8379:
8372:
8368:
8363:
8358:
8349:
8344:
8340:
8337:
8334:
8329:
8325:
8324:
8320:
8313:
8307:
8303:
8299:
8295:
8291:
8286:
8282:
8276:
8272:
8268:
8263:
8259:
8253:
8249:
8245:
8241:
8237:
8235:1-85264-047-2
8231:
8227:
8222:
8218:
8210:
8204:
8189:
8185:
8181:
8180:
8174:
8168:
8164:
8149:
8145:
8141:
8140:
8134:
8128:
8124:
8120:
8115:
8111:
8105:
8101:
8097:
8093:
8089:
8085:
8081:
8077:
8071:
8067:
8062:
8058:
8052:
8048:
8044:
8039:
8034:
8029:
8025:
8021:
8014:
8009:
8005:
8001:
7996:
7991:
7987:
7983:
7979:
7975:
7971:
7967:
7962:
7958:
7954:
7950:
7946:
7942:
7938:
7934:
7930:
7926:
7922:
7921:
7916:
7911:
7907:
7903:
7899:
7894:
7893:
7887:
7883:
7879:
7877:0-7486-0100-7
7873:
7869:
7865:
7861:
7857:
7855:90-5183-820-4
7851:
7847:
7844:. Amsterdam:
7843:
7839:
7835:
7831:
7827:
7821:
7813:
7809:
7805:
7804:
7799:
7795:
7791:
7787:
7783:
7779:
7775:
7774:
7766:
7761:
7757:
7751:
7747:
7743:
7738:
7734:
7728:
7724:
7719:
7715:
7711:
7707:
7703:
7699:
7695:
7691:
7687:
7686:
7680:
7676:
7670:
7666:
7661:
7660:
7653:
7649:
7647:1-85109-445-8
7643:
7639:
7634:
7630:
7626:
7623:(3): 83–103.
7622:
7618:
7614:
7609:
7604:
7599:
7595:
7591:
7586:
7582:
7578:
7574:
7570:
7566:
7562:
7558:
7554:
7550:
7546:
7541:
7537:
7531:
7515:
7514:
7509:
7505:
7501:
7486:
7482:
7478:
7477:
7471:
7465:
7461:
7459:0-7486-1110-X
7455:
7451:
7446:
7442:
7440:1-85109-445-8
7436:
7432:
7427:
7423:
7419:
7415:
7409:
7405:
7400:
7396:
7392:
7388:
7382:
7378:
7373:
7372:
7366:
7362:
7358:
7354:
7350:
7348:1-84383-059-0
7344:
7340:
7335:
7331:
7325:
7321:
7317:
7313:
7308:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7288:
7283:
7279:
7275:
7271:
7267:
7263:
7261:0-85115-911-7
7257:
7252:
7251:
7244:
7240:
7236:
7232:
7230:0-8020-3601-5
7226:
7222:
7218:
7213:
7212:
7205:
7201:
7197:
7193:
7191:0-313-29567-0
7187:
7183:
7178:
7174:
7162:
7146:
7142:
7138:
7134:
7132:0-313-29087-3
7128:
7124:
7120:
7119:
7113:
7109:
7105:
7101:
7097:
7093:
7088:
7084:
7078:
7074:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7055:
7051:
7046:
7042:
7038:
7034:
7030:
7026:
7022:
7018:
7014:
7013:
7007:
7003:
6997:
6993:
6988:
6984:
6980:
6976:
6972:
6968:
6963:
6959:
6955:
6951:
6947:
6943:
6938:
6934:
6930:
6926:
6922:
6918:
6914:
6910:
6906:
6901:
6895:
6891:
6887:
6883:
6879:
6875:
6871:
6867:
6863:
6859:
6854:
6850:
6848:0-7486-1626-8
6844:
6840:
6836:
6832:
6828:
6822:
6818:
6814:
6810:
6806:
6802:
6798:
6792:
6788:
6785:. Edinburgh:
6784:
6779:
6775:
6771:
6767:
6763:
6759:
6755:
6751:
6747:
6743:
6739:
6734:
6730:
6726:
6722:
6716:
6712:
6708:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6685:
6681:
6676:
6672:
6670:0-415-21496-3
6666:
6661:
6656:
6652:
6647:
6643:
6637:
6633:
6628:
6624:
6620:
6616:
6612:
6607:
6603:
6597:
6593:
6589:
6584:
6580:
6574:
6570:
6566:
6561:
6557:
6555:1-85109-445-8
6551:
6547:
6543:
6539:
6535:
6529:
6525:
6520:
6516:
6512:
6508:
6504:
6503:
6498:
6494:
6490:
6486:
6482:
6478:
6477:
6472:
6468:
6466:1-85109-445-8
6462:
6458:
6453:
6449:
6447:1-85109-445-8
6443:
6439:
6434:
6430:
6428:1-85109-445-8
6424:
6420:
6416:
6412:
6407:
6403:
6401:1-86232-151-5
6397:
6393:
6389:
6384:
6380:
6376:
6370:
6366:
6362:
6358:
6354:
6350:
6345:
6339:
6335:
6329:
6325:
6322:. Edinburgh:
6321:
6316:
6312:
6308:
6304:
6302:90-04-14206-1
6298:
6294:
6290:
6285:
6284:
6278:
6273:
6269:
6265:
6261:
6257:
6253:
6249:
6245:
6241:
6240:
6234:
6230:
6215:
6211:
6207:
6206:
6200:
6194:
6190:
6175:
6171:
6167:
6166:
6160:
6155:
6151:
6147:
6143:
6139:
6135:
6131:
6127:
6123:
6119:
6115:
6111:
6106:
6102:
6098:
6094:
6090:
6086:
6082:
6078:
6074:
6073:
6068:
6064:
6060:
6056:
6052:
6048:
6044:
6040:
6036:
6032:
6031:
6026:
6022:
6018:
6014:
6010:
6006:
6002:
5998:
5995:(2): 98–112.
5994:
5990:
5986:
5982:
5978:
5974:
5970:
5966:
5962:
5958:
5954:
5950:
5946:
5942:
5941:
5933:
5929:
5925:
5921:
5915:
5911:
5907:
5903:
5898:
5897:
5892:
5885:
5881:
5877:
5876:Henry G. Bohn
5873:
5872:
5867:
5863:
5859:
5855:
5851:
5850:
5845:
5841:
5837:
5835:0-203-43950-3
5831:
5827:
5823:
5819:
5815:
5811:
5807:
5803:
5802:
5796:
5792:
5791:
5785:
5781:
5777:
5773:
5772:
5767:
5763:
5751:
5747:
5743:
5731:
5727:
5723:
5711:
5707:
5703:
5699:
5695:
5691:
5687:
5686:
5680:
5676:
5675:
5669:
5665:
5664:
5658:
5654:
5650:
5646:
5643:. Edinburgh:
5642:
5641:
5636:
5632:
5628:
5624:
5620:
5619:
5613:
5609:
5605:
5601:
5600:
5594:
5590:
5586:
5582:
5581:
5576:
5572:
5568:
5564:
5563:
5558:
5554:
5550:
5544:
5528:
5521:
5517:
5505:
5501:
5497:
5493:
5487:
5471:
5467:
5463:
5459:
5453:
5437:
5433:
5429:
5425:
5419:
5403:
5399:
5395:
5391:
5389:0-85991-491-7
5385:
5381:
5377:
5372:
5368:
5364:
5360:
5356:
5352:
5348:
5344:
5340:
5336:
5332:
5331:
5326:
5322:
5318:
5312:
5308:
5304:
5300:
5296:
5291:
5287:
5286:
5281:
5277:
5273:
5267:
5251:
5247:
5243:
5239:
5237:0-85991-494-1
5233:
5229:
5225:
5220:
5216:
5212:
5208:
5204:
5200:
5196:
5192:
5188:
5184:
5180:
5179:
5174:
5170:
5166:
5162:
5158:
5157:
5152:
5148:
5141:
5140:
5134:
5127:
5126:
5120:
5116:
5115:
5109:
5105:
5104:
5099:
5095:
5091:
5087:
5083:
5082:
5076:
5072:
5068:
5064:
5063:Henry G. Bohn
5060:
5059:
5053:
5049:
5045:
5041:
5037:
5036:
5031:
5027:
5023:
5017:
5001:
4997:
4993:
4989:
4983:
4967:
4963:
4959:
4955:
4949:
4933:
4932:
4927:
4923:
4919:
4918:
4913:
4909:
4897:
4893:
4889:
4877:
4873:
4869:
4865:
4859:
4843:
4839:
4835:
4831:
4827:
4826:
4820:
4816:
4814:0-85991-490-9
4810:
4806:
4802:
4797:
4793:
4792:
4786:
4782:
4778:
4774:
4770:
4769:
4764:
4760:
4748:
4744:
4743:
4738:
4734:
4730:
4726:
4722:
4721:
4715:
4711:
4707:
4703:
4699:
4698:
4693:
4689:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4671:
4670:Duncan (2002)
4667:
4663:
4662:Broun (2004c)
4659:
4655:
4651:
4646:
4643:
4639:
4634:
4631:
4627:
4623:
4619:
4614:
4611:
4607:
4603:
4600:p. 174 n. 9;
4599:
4598:Hudson (1994)
4595:
4591:
4587:
4583:
4579:
4577:
4572:
4570:
4564:
4561:
4557:
4553:
4550:p. 174 n. 9;
4549:
4548:Hudson (1994)
4545:
4541:
4539:
4534:
4532:
4526:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4512:p. 174 n. 9;
4511:
4510:Hudson (1994)
4507:
4503:
4499:
4495:
4493:
4488:
4486:
4480:
4477:
4473:
4472:Murphy (1896)
4470:p. 517 n. 5;
4469:
4465:
4462:p. 174 n. 9;
4461:
4460:Hudson (1994)
4457:
4453:
4448:
4445:
4441:
4436:
4433:
4430:§§ 2373–2376.
4429:
4427:
4422:
4418:
4417:Hudson (1991)
4414:
4413:Hudson (1994)
4410:
4409:Hudson (1996)
4406:
4405:Hudson (2002)
4402:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4387:
4383:
4378:
4375:
4371:
4366:
4363:
4359:
4358:Busse (2006c)
4354:
4351:
4347:
4343:
4338:
4335:
4332:§§ 2373–2376.
4331:
4329:
4324:
4320:
4319:Hudson (1994)
4316:
4314:
4308:
4305:
4302:pp. 147, 152.
4301:
4296:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4276:
4273:
4269:
4267:
4263:pp. 237–243;
4262:
4261:Thorpe (1865)
4258:
4254:
4249:
4246:
4242:
4240:
4236:p. 174 n. 9;
4235:
4234:Hudson (1994)
4231:
4227:
4223:
4222:Keynes (2008)
4219:
4215:
4211:
4208:p. 57 n. 45;
4207:
4202:
4199:
4195:
4193:
4188:
4186:
4182:pp. 237–243;
4181:
4180:Thorpe (1865)
4177:
4173:
4169:
4164:
4161:
4157:
4156:Breeze (2007)
4152:
4149:
4145:
4144:Walker (2013)
4140:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4116:Walker (2013)
4113:
4108:
4105:
4101:
4100:Minard (2006)
4097:
4096:Minard (2012)
4092:
4089:
4085:
4083:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4065:
4062:
4058:
4054:
4053:Hudson (1994)
4050:
4049:Busse (2006c)
4046:
4045:Walker (2013)
4041:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4029:Walker (2013)
4025:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4013:Busse (2006c)
4010:
4009:Walker (2013)
4005:
4002:
3998:
3993:
3990:
3986:
3983:p. 174 n. 8;
3982:
3981:Hudson (1994)
3978:
3975:pp. 39, 146;
3974:
3970:
3966:
3963:pp. 128–129;
3962:
3961:Broun (2004c)
3958:
3956:
3951:
3947:
3945:
3940:
3936:
3935:Walker (2013)
3932:
3928:
3926:
3921:
3919:
3913:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3893:Walker (2013)
3890:
3886:
3881:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3869:Hudson (1994)
3866:
3863:pp. 39, 146;
3862:
3858:
3855:pp. 128–129;
3854:
3853:Broun (2004c)
3850:
3849:Minard (2006)
3846:
3845:Busse (2006c)
3842:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3829:Minard (2012)
3826:
3825:Walker (2013)
3822:
3818:
3813:
3810:
3806:
3805:Walker (2013)
3801:
3798:
3794:
3789:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3765:
3762:
3758:
3757:Thorpe (1861)
3754:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3737:
3734:
3730:
3725:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3709:
3706:
3702:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3674:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3660:pp. 222–223;
3659:
3655:
3650:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3628:pp. 206–207;
3627:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3606:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3582:Breeze (2007)
3579:
3575:
3570:
3567:
3563:
3560:pp. 213–214;
3559:
3555:
3554:Hudson (1994)
3551:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3526:Breeze (2007)
3523:
3519:
3518:Walker (2013)
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3502:Wadden (2015)
3499:
3494:
3491:
3487:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3469:Hudson (1994)
3466:
3465:Duncan (2002)
3461:
3458:
3454:
3449:
3446:
3442:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3416:Broun (2004b)
3413:
3409:
3405:
3404:Breeze (2007)
3401:
3397:
3392:
3389:
3385:
3383:
3378:
3377:Thorpe (1861)
3374:
3370:
3365:
3362:
3358:
3357:Duncan (2002)
3353:
3350:
3346:
3345:Arnold (1885)
3342:
3338:
3337:Hudson (1994)
3334:
3333:Duncan (2002)
3330:
3326:
3322:
3317:
3314:
3310:
3309:Barrow (2001)
3305:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3289:Clancy (2006)
3286:
3282:
3281:Davies (2009)
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3253:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3229:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3209:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3185:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3165:
3162:
3158:
3157:Arnold (1885)
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3137:Keynes (2008)
3133:
3130:
3126:
3125:Thorpe (1861)
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3103:p. 16 n. 35;
3102:
3097:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3077:
3074:
3070:
3065:
3062:
3058:
3053:
3050:
3046:
3041:
3038:
3034:
3032:
3026:
3023:
3019:
3014:
3011:
3007:
3003:
3000:pp. 478–479;
2999:
2995:
2990:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2970:
2967:
2963:
2960:pp. 263–264;
2959:
2955:
2950:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2934:
2931:
2927:
2926:Arnold (1885)
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2906:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2882:Hudson (1994)
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2866:Karkov (2004)
2863:
2859:
2855:
2854:Breeze (2007)
2851:
2848:pp. 543–544;
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2830:Keynes (2015)
2828:p. 61 n. 94;
2827:
2822:
2819:
2815:
2814:Thorpe (1848)
2812:pp. 247–248;
2811:
2808:pp. 104–105;
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2792:pp. 226–227;
2791:
2787:
2783:
2782:Hudson (1994)
2780:p. 230 n. 1;
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2758:Karkov (2004)
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2742:Breeze (2007)
2739:
2735:
2734:Walker (2013)
2732:pp. 543–544;
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2714:Keynes (2015)
2711:
2708:p. 61 n. 94;
2707:
2703:
2698:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2684:p. 479 n. 1;
2683:
2680:pp. 213–214;
2679:
2675:
2674:Hudson (1994)
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2654:Karkov (2004)
2651:
2647:
2643:
2642:Breeze (2007)
2639:
2635:
2631:
2628:pp. 143–144;
2627:
2624:pp. 113–114;
2623:
2622:Keynes (2015)
2620:p. 61 n. 94;
2619:
2614:
2611:
2607:
2606:Thorpe (1861)
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2590:Hudson (1994)
2588:pp. 229–230;
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2562:Karkov (2004)
2559:
2558:Irvine (2004)
2555:
2552:pp. 207–208;
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2538:Breeze (2007)
2535:
2531:
2530:Walker (2013)
2528:pp. 543–544;
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2498:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2448:pp. 154–155;
2447:
2446:Breeze (2007)
2443:
2439:
2435:
2432:pp. 543–544;
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2414:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2396:p. 174 n. 9;
2395:
2394:Hudson (1994)
2391:
2388:pp. 88, 116;
2387:
2383:
2379:
2376:p. 23 n. 53;
2375:
2374:Duncan (2002)
2372:pp. 142–143;
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2358:Minard (2006)
2355:
2352:pp. 154–155;
2351:
2350:Breeze (2007)
2347:
2343:
2342:Minard (2012)
2339:
2335:
2334:Walker (2013)
2332:pp. 543–544;
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2314:
2311:
2307:
2305:
2300:
2298:
2293:
2289:
2284:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2268:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2252:Breeze (1992)
2249:
2248:Hudson (1994)
2245:
2244:Hudson (1998)
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2216:
2213:
2210:p. 44 n. 107.
2209:
2204:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2177:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2157:
2154:
2150:
2149:Broun (2004b)
2146:
2141:
2138:
2134:
2133:Walker (2013)
2129:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2117:Walker (2013)
2113:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2094:Hudson (1998)
2091:
2090:Broun (2004b)
2087:
2086:Busse (2006a)
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2066:Walker (2013)
2063:
2058:
2055:
2051:
2050:Broun (2004b)
2047:
2046:Broun (2004a)
2042:
2039:
2035:
2033:
2028:
2026:
2021:
2019:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1963:Hudson (1994)
1959:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1875:Hudson (1994)
1872:
1868:
1865:p. 135 tab.;
1864:
1863:Broun (2004c)
1860:
1859:Busse (2006c)
1856:
1855:Busse (2006b)
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1831:
1828:
1824:
1823:Walker (2013)
1819:
1816:
1812:
1811:Broun (2004a)
1807:
1804:
1800:
1798:
1793:
1789:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1772:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1728:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1654:pp. 252–253;
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1640:Hudson (1994)
1637:
1633:
1632:Duncan (2002)
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1597:
1594:p. 172 bk. 5.
1593:
1589:
1588:Arnold (1879)
1585:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1569:
1565:
1564:Thorpe (1861)
1561:
1557:
1553:
1550:pp. 205–206;
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1528:Duncan (2002)
1526:p. 16 n. 35;
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1512:Clancy (2006)
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1484:Walker (2013)
1481:
1477:
1473:
1472:McLeod (2015)
1469:
1465:
1464:Keynes (2015)
1461:
1456:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1376:Keynes (2015)
1373:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1359:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1269:Hudson (1994)
1266:
1263:p. 135 tab.;
1262:
1261:Broun (2004c)
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1205:Hudson (2002)
1202:
1201:Duncan (2002)
1198:
1194:
1190:
1189:Breeze (2007)
1186:
1185:Keynes (2008)
1182:
1178:
1177:Minard (2012)
1174:
1170:
1169:Walker (2013)
1166:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1153:Duncan (2002)
1149:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1133:Broun (2004c)
1130:
1129:Minard (2006)
1126:
1125:Busse (2006c)
1122:
1118:
1114:
1113:Minard (2012)
1109:
1106:
1102:
1101:Hudson (1996)
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1058:
1054:
1052:
1047:
1046:Arnold (1885)
1043:
1038:
1035:
1029:
1020:
1013:
1010:
1003:
1000:
996:
990:
987:
981:
978:
974:
968:
965:
961:
957:
953:
948:
943:
939:
933:
930:
924:
921:
917:
913:
907:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
880:
876:
871:
864:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
823:
820:
813:
811:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
780:
775:
770:
765:
762:
758:
754:
753:
745:
740:
738:
734:
730:
725:
714:
713:rex Cumbrorum
709:
705:
701:
699:
690:
684:
675:
672:
668:
663:
662:Amlaíb Cúarán
654:
649:
645:
640:
636:
634:
630:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
596:
591:
586:
582:
580:
576:
571:
567:
563:
559:
554:
548:
542:
537:
528:
524:
519:
515:
513:
509:
508:
503:
502:
497:
496:
491:
490:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
456:
451:
450:
445:
440:
433:
431:
429:
425:
421:
416:
412:
403:
398:
393:
389:
386:
385:
380:
379:
374:
370:
366:
365:
360:
356:
352:
343:
338:
337:
332:
327:
320:
318:
315:
309:
307:
303:
299:
294:
293:
287:
282:
278:
277:
272:
271:
266:
265:
256:
253:Depiction of
251:
247:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
212:
203:
201:
197:
193:
192:
185:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
166:English realm
163:
159:
155:
150:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
122:
118:
114:
111:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73:
69:
66:
62:
56:
51:
50:
43:
38:
33:
27:
19:
8520:
8508:
8503:
8496:
8474:
8462:
8401:
8383:
8376:
8370:
8356:
8289:
8270:
8247:
8225:
8191:. Retrieved
8177:
8151:. Retrieved
8137:
8122:
8118:
8087:
8065:
8042:
8023:
8019:
7972:(1): 49–79.
7969:
7965:
7924:
7918:
7891:
7867:
7837:
7834:Schrijver, P
7802:
7777:
7771:
7741:
7722:
7689:
7683:
7658:
7637:
7620:
7616:
7589:
7548:
7544:
7520:11 September
7518:. Retrieved
7511:
7488:. Retrieved
7474:
7449:
7430:
7403:
7370:
7338:
7311:
7286:
7249:
7210:
7181:
7149:. Retrieved
7145:the original
7117:
7099:
7095:
7068:
7049:
7016:
7010:
6991:
6974:
6970:
6949:
6945:
6911:(1): 43–66.
6908:
6904:
6865:
6861:
6838:
6808:
6805:Dumville, DN
6782:
6744:(1): 27–51.
6741:
6737:
6706:
6679:
6650:
6631:
6617:(6): 24–27.
6614:
6610:
6587:
6564:
6545:
6523:
6506:
6500:
6475:
6456:
6437:
6414:
6391:
6377:– via
6352:
6319:
6282:
6243:
6237:
6217:. Retrieved
6203:
6177:. Retrieved
6163:
6113:
6109:
6076:
6070:
6037:(1): 81–93.
6034:
6028:
5992:
5988:
5985:Anderson, MO
5944:
5938:
5905:
5870:
5848:
5821:
5818:Whitelock, D
5800:
5789:
5770:
5754:. Retrieved
5749:
5734:. Retrieved
5729:
5714:. Retrieved
5709:
5684:
5673:
5662:
5639:
5635:Stevenson, J
5617:
5598:
5579:
5561:
5531:. Retrieved
5526:
5508:. Retrieved
5503:
5474:. Retrieved
5469:
5440:. Retrieved
5435:
5406:. Retrieved
5401:
5375:
5334:
5328:
5294:
5284:
5254:. Retrieved
5249:
5223:
5182:
5176:
5155:
5138:
5124:
5113:
5102:
5080:
5057:
5034:
5004:. Retrieved
4999:
4970:. Retrieved
4965:
4936:. Retrieved
4929:
4916:
4900:. Retrieved
4895:
4880:. Retrieved
4875:
4846:. Retrieved
4837:
4824:
4805:D. S. Brewer
4800:
4790:
4767:
4751:. Retrieved
4740:
4719:
4696:
4692:Anderson, AO
4666:Hicks (2003)
4658:Woolf (2007)
4645:
4633:
4626:Woolf (2007)
4624:ch. 9 ¶ 41;
4620:ch. 7 ¶ 17;
4613:
4586:Hicks (2003)
4575:
4568:
4563:
4558:p. 517 n. 5.
4537:
4530:
4525:
4520:p. 517 n. 5.
4498:Woolf (2007)
4491:
4484:
4479:
4452:Hicks (2003)
4447:
4440:Woolf (2007)
4435:
4425:
4407:pp. 34, 36;
4398:
4389:
4382:Hicks (2003)
4377:
4365:
4353:
4337:
4327:
4312:
4307:
4295:
4286:ch. 9 ¶ 29;
4282:ch. 7 ¶ 12;
4275:
4265:
4257:Birch (1893)
4248:
4238:
4201:
4191:
4184:
4176:Birch (1893)
4163:
4151:
4139:
4122:ch. 9 ¶ 29;
4118:ch. 4 ¶ 30;
4107:
4091:
4081:
4064:
4047:ch. 4 ¶ 30;
4040:
4031:ch. 4 ¶ 36;
4024:
4011:ch. 4 ¶ 30;
4004:
3992:
3969:Hicks (2003)
3954:
3950:Woolf (2007)
3943:
3941:ch. 9 ¶ 41;
3937:ch. 4 ¶ 36;
3924:
3917:
3912:
3901:Woolf (2007)
3899:ch. 9 ¶ 41;
3895:ch. 4 ¶ 35;
3887:ch. 7 ¶ 17;
3880:
3841:Woolf (2007)
3839:ch. 9 ¶ 41;
3819:ch. 7 ¶ 17;
3812:
3800:
3788:
3777:Skene (1867)
3764:
3736:
3724:
3708:
3698:
3694:Baker (2000)
3689:
3682:Woolf (2007)
3673:
3668:pp. 207–208.
3666:Woolf (2007)
3649:
3626:Woolf (2007)
3605:
3576:ch. 7 ¶ 12;
3569:
3522:Woolf (2009)
3520:ch. 4 ¶ 31;
3508:ch. 7 ¶ 12;
3493:
3460:
3455:pp. 208–209.
3453:Woolf (2007)
3448:
3441:Woolf (2007)
3412:Woolf (2007)
3400:Woolf (2009)
3391:
3381:
3364:
3352:
3316:
3304:
3279:ch. 9 ¶ 10;
3271:pp. 9, 481;
3263:pp. 44, 53;
3252:
3228:
3223:pp. 467–468.
3221:Luard (1872)
3208:
3201:Yonge (1853)
3189:Luard (2012)
3184:
3173:Giles (1849)
3164:
3141:Woolf (2007)
3132:
3127:pp. 212–213.
3101:Hicks (2003)
3096:
3076:
3064:
3052:
3040:
3030:
3025:
3020:pp. 146–147.
3013:
2994:Hicks (2003)
2989:
2982:Yonge (1853)
2974:Luard (2012)
2969:
2958:Giles (1849)
2949:
2944:pp. 466–467.
2942:Luard (1872)
2933:
2924:p. 76 n. 2;
2905:
2898:Hardy (1840)
2894:Giles (1847)
2888:p. 77 n. 1;
2821:
2816:pp. 142–143.
2790:Smyth (1989)
2736:ch. 4 ¶ 30;
2702:Firth (2018)
2697:
2692:pp. 468–469.
2690:Skeat (1881)
2613:
2608:pp. 225–227.
2578:Baker (2000)
2550:Woolf (2007)
2532:ch. 4 ¶ 30;
2502:Firth (2018)
2497:
2466:Hicks (2003)
2454:Woolf (2007)
2442:Woolf (2009)
2436:ch. 9 ¶ 29;
2420:ch. 7 ¶ 12;
2413:
2340:ch. 9 ¶ 29;
2320:ch. 7 ¶ 12;
2313:
2303:
2296:
2283:
2274:ch. 9 ¶ 30;
2267:
2260:Skene (1867)
2236:Hicks (2003)
2232:Broun (2007)
2230:ch. 9 ¶ 37;
2226:ch. 9 ¶ 30;
2215:
2208:Hicks (2003)
2203:
2183:p. 67 n. 66.
2176:
2167:ch. 9 ¶ 28;
2156:
2147:ch. 9 ¶ 35;
2140:
2128:
2121:Woolf (2009)
2119:ch. 4 ¶ 25;
2102:Skene (1867)
2082:Woolf (2009)
2080:ch. 9 ¶ 35;
2072:ch. 9 ¶ 30;
2068:ch. 4 ¶ 25;
2057:
2041:
2031:
2024:
2017:
1989:p. 67 n. 66.
1978:
1971:Skene (1871)
1967:Skene (1872)
1958:
1943:Hicks (2003)
1935:Woolf (2007)
1926:
1919:Skene (1867)
1915:Broun (2005)
1910:
1903:Skene (1867)
1893:ch. 9 ¶ 29;
1886:
1881:pp. 92, 104.
1853:ch. 9 ¶ 29;
1835:Broun (2015)
1830:
1818:
1806:
1796:
1783:
1771:
1759:
1747:
1740:Woolf (2007)
1727:
1715:
1710:ch. 6 n. 23.
1703:
1694:ch. 6 ¶ 14;
1687:
1680:Yonge (1853)
1672:Luard (2012)
1663:
1652:Giles (1849)
1650:p. 74 n. 5;
1628:Woolf (2007)
1604:Firth (2016)
1599:
1571:
1566:pp. 212–213.
1548:Smyth (1989)
1524:Hicks (2003)
1508:Woolf (2007)
1500:Woolf (2010)
1455:
1436:Hicks (2003)
1430:ch. 9 ¶ 25;
1426:ch. 6 ¶ 15;
1419:
1404:Hicks (2003)
1396:Woolf (2007)
1388:Woolf (2010)
1367:
1357:
1352:
1333:Woolf (2007)
1328:
1316:
1309:Woolf (2007)
1300:
1288:
1276:
1257:Woolf (2007)
1240:
1228:
1216:
1197:Hicks (2003)
1160:
1148:
1137:Hicks (2003)
1121:Woolf (2007)
1108:
1072:
1060:
1050:
1037:
1012:
1002:
989:
980:
972:
967:
954:between the
937:
932:
923:
911:
906:
863:
855:
851:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
822:
799:
795:
791:
787:
777:
771:
767:
750:
747:
743:
719:
698:Irish annals
695:
659:
647:
642:The name of
618:. These two
603:
601:
589:
575:River Eamont
565:
561:
557:
541:efen-wyrhtan
535:
532:
526:
511:
505:
499:
493:
487:
479:
475:
461:
447:
442:The name of
419:
415:King of Alba
408:
395:The name of
382:
376:
372:
362:
348:
334:
329:The name of
310:
305:
304:versions of
290:
274:
268:
262:
260:
217:
189:
186:
158:King of Alba
151:
129:
128:
47:
26:
8522:Máel Coluim
8504:Máel Coluim
8352:Máel Coluim
8267:Stafford, P
8084:Williams, A
7995:11693/24776
7780:: 115–152.
7551:(2): 9–26.
7219:. pp.
7215:. Toronto:
6835:Duncan, AAM
6703:Boardman, S
6569:John Donald
6291:. pp.
5947:: 103–113.
5902:Stafford, P
5380:D.S. Brewer
5325:Mac Eoin, G
5228:D.S. Brewer
5006:15 February
4912:Colganvm, I
4672:pp. 29, 41.
4640:ch. 9 ¶ 47.
4372:ch. 9 ¶ 29.
4348:ch. 9 ¶ 35.
4344:ch. 7 ¶ 5;
4290:ch. 9 ¶ 35.
4212:ch. 7 ¶ 5;
4146:ch. 4 ¶ 30.
4033:Oram (2011)
3999:ch. 9 ¶ 41.
3979:pp. 15–16;
3867:pp. 15–16;
3833:Oram (2011)
3807:ch. 4 ¶ 26.
3664:pp. 9, 15;
3638:Rhŷs (1890)
3624:pp. 9, 25;
3504:pp. 27–28;
3467:pp. 21–22;
3396:Aird (2009)
3325:Aird (2009)
3293:Todd (2005)
3195:pp. 65–66;
3177:Coxe (1841)
3147:pp. 65–66;
3115:pp. 77–78;
2962:Coxe (1841)
2920:pp. 60–61;
2880:pp. 59–60;
2864:pp. 10–11;
2852:pp. 66–67;
2800:pp. 76–77;
2772:pp. 57–58;
2740:pp. 66–67;
2676:pp. 97–98;
2600:pp. 75–76;
2580:pp. 83–84;
2438:Oram (2011)
2384:pp. 66–67;
2346:Aird (2009)
2294:pp. 26–27;
2288:Rhŷs (1890)
2278:ch. 9 ¶ 37.
2238:pp. 41–42;
2198:ch. 9 ¶ 35.
2171:ch. 9 ¶ 35.
2135:ch. 4 ¶ 25.
2074:Oram (2011)
1945:pp. 40–41;
1873:pp. 6, 16;
1849:chs. 2, 5;
1847:Oram (2011)
1841:ch. 7 ¶ 6;
1825:ch. 4 ¶ 23.
1752:Oram (2011)
1738:pp. 77–78;
1698:ch. 9 ¶ 25.
1656:Coxe (1841)
1606:pp. 24–25;
1486:ch. 4 ¶ 5;
1466:pp. 95–96;
1444:Rhŷs (1890)
1378:pp. 95–96;
1337:Koch (2006)
1295:ch. 9 ¶ 44.
1267:pp. 6, 16;
1093:Aird (2009)
1089:Oram (2011)
1019:Malcolm dux
870:Máel Coluim
836:Mael Coluim
832:Máel Coluim
828:Mael Colaim
724:Malcolm dux
708:Máel Coluim
671:Westmorland
577:, close to
424:River Forth
130:Máel Coluim
71:Predecessor
35:Máel Coluim
8562:997 deaths
8551:Categories
8516:Owain Foel
8219:required.)
8165:required.)
8125:: 229–243.
8045:. Dublin:
8026:: 89–102.
7886:Stenton, F
7806:. Oxford.
7603:10023/7829
7502:required.)
7296:1842/15749
7073:Allen Lane
6693:1842/23321
6660:1842/23321
6542:Clancy, TO
6231:required.)
6219:3 December
6191:required.)
5688:. Dublin:
5408:20 October
5256:20 October
5173:Hudson, BT
4938:8 February
4702:David Nutt
4700:. London:
4679:References
3795:pp. 98–99.
3644:pp. 24–25.
3359:pp. 24–25.
3247:pp. 78–79.
3091:pp. 77–78.
3071:pp. 67–74.
1778:ch. 7 ¶ 5.
1450:pp. 20–21.
960:Cumberland
875:St Columba
840:Maelcoluim
808:Owain Foel
798:, and the
731:in 970 at
553:mid-wyrhta
200:Owain Foel
113:Owain Foel
8498:Rhydderch
8339:Malcolm 4
8004:162915120
7986:1468-0254
7949:0013-8266
7941:1477-4534
7906:24592559M
7866:(1989) .
7864:Smyth, AP
7820:cite book
7812:19845420M
7798:Evans, JG
7786:2054-9385
7714:0080-4401
7706:1474-0648
7692:: 59–91.
7629:1833-3419
7581:159699748
7573:0078-172X
7565:1745-8706
7395:1478-6710
7365:Keynes, S
7357:1475-2468
7270:0963-4959
7200:0885-9159
7171:ignored (
7161:cite book
7141:0885-9159
7108:0039-3770
7059:1842/7401
7041:0043-2431
7033:0083-792X
6983:2204-146X
6977:: 27–60.
6958:2204-146X
6933:162103346
6925:1468-0254
6890:0036-9241
6882:1750-0222
6774:161092701
6766:0078-172X
6758:1745-8706
6729:0261-9865
6623:1475-5270
6515:0959-3632
6388:Cowan, EJ
6349:Cannon, J
6311:1569-1462
6268:0020-157X
6260:1745-5219
6156:(2004a).
6146:161204995
6138:0078-172X
6130:1745-8706
6101:0029-3970
6093:1471-6941
6067:Breeze, A
6059:161328357
6051:1468-0254
6025:Barrow, J
6009:0036-9241
6001:1750-0222
5977:221817027
5969:0081-1564
5961:2056-743X
5928:Alcock, L
5866:Yonge, CD
5858:24776516M
5826:Routledge
5810:21774758M
5780:24871544M
5766:Thorpe, B
5653:13999983M
5627:24871442M
5608:24871486M
5589:23286818M
5575:Skene, WF
5367:201843434
5359:0084-5302
5351:1865-889X
5337:: 51–67.
5280:Luard, HR
5207:0036-9241
5199:1750-0222
5165:24871887M
5151:Hardy, TD
5098:Giles, JA
5090:24871176M
5071:24434761M
5048:24871700M
4781:16622993M
4763:Arnold, T
4729:14712679M
4580:§ 997.3;
4573:§ 997.3;
4496:§ 997.5;
4489:§ 997.5;
4239:Malcolm 4
4185:Malcolm 4
3959:§ 975.3;
3948:§ 975.2;
3929:§ 975.3;
3922:§ 975.2;
2029:§ 997.3;
2022:§ 997.3;
1030:Citations
956:River Esk
952:mud flats
947:Myreforth
848:patronyms
523:River Dee
484:River Dee
455:dỽnwaỻaỽn
342:Radhardus
182:the Isles
176:based in
85:Successor
8246:(2007).
8244:Woolf, A
8086:(1999).
7888:(1963).
7836:(1995).
7530:cite web
7278:8277739M
7239:3623178M
6952:: 1–33.
6837:(2002).
6509:: 7–23.
6489:7042010M
6483:. 1909.
6419:ABC-CLIO
6411:Koch, JT
6351:(eds.).
6344:"Cuilén"
6277:Oram, RD
6154:Broun, D
6017:25526601
5930:(1978).
5884:7154619M
5698:7064857M
5557:Skeat, W
5543:cite web
5486:cite web
5452:cite web
5418:cite web
5266:cite web
5215:25530832
5030:Coxe, HE
5016:cite web
4982:cite web
4948:cite web
4858:cite web
4710:7115802M
4419:p. 147;
4411:p. 102;
4396:p. 140;
4216:p. 544;
4130:p. 146;
4075:p. 100;
4071:p. 478;
4055:p. 101;
3952:p. 184;
3903:p. 208;
3843:p. 184;
3779:p. 116;
3775:p. 441;
3755:p. 472;
3751:p. 229;
3715:p. 545;
3656:p. 545;
3640:p. 262;
3632:p. 151;
3620:p. 192;
3584:p. 156;
3580:p. 544;
3552:p. 116;
3540:p. 218;
3528:p. 155;
3524:p. 259;
3516:p. 543;
3414:p. 208;
3410:p. 124;
3406:p. 155;
3402:p. 259;
3398:p. 309;
3379:p. 226;
3375:p. 230;
3339:p. 140;
3327:p. 309;
3323:p. 147;
3287:p. 165;
3235:p. 125;
3191:p. 513;
3175:p. 264;
3151:p. 104;
3143:p. 211;
3119:p. 224;
3111:p. 208;
3087:p. 208;
3004:p. 100;
2976:p. 513;
2860:p. 124;
2856:p. 153;
2840:p. 206;
2832:p. 114;
2796:p. 364;
2788:p. 213;
2760:p. 108;
2756:p. 218;
2748:p. 124;
2744:p. 153;
2724:p. 206;
2716:p. 114;
2656:p. 108;
2648:p. 124;
2644:p. 154;
2596:p. 364;
2564:p. 108;
2556:p. 218;
2544:p. 124;
2540:p. 153;
2472:p. 143;
2456:p. 208;
2444:p. 259;
2424:p. 206;
2400:p. 215;
2356:p. 167;
2348:p. 309;
2324:p. 206;
2290:p. 262;
2258:p. 512;
2222:p. 149;
2163:p. 140;
2100:p. 512;
2084:p. 259;
1949:p. 476;
1937:p. 204;
1794:p. 226;
1790:p. 476;
1674:p. 500;
1670:p. 139;
1646:p. 355;
1630:p. 183;
1622:p. 308;
1610:p. 139;
1558:p. 355;
1554:p. 106;
1546:p. 224;
1510:p. 183;
1506:p. 153;
1446:p. 261;
1442:p. 449;
1410:p. 106;
1398:p. 183;
1394:p. 153;
1307:p. 129;
1048:p. 372;
774:Frankish
624:Anglesey
620:Islesmen
428:Stirling
298:Wendover
255:Edmund I
8492:Dyfnwal
8482:Dyfnwal
8476:Eochaid
8464:Arthgal
8371:Unknown
8269:(ed.).
8193:29 June
7794:Rhŷs, J
7490:19 June
7151:24 June
6413:(ed.).
6279:(ed.).
6179:13 June
5904:(ed.).
5510:29 July
5466:"S 779"
4972:24 June
4848:21 June
4608:p. 517.
4604:p. 56;
4596:p. 16;
4592:p. 66;
4588:p. 31;
4554:p. 56;
4546:p. 66;
4542:§ 997;
4535:§ 997;
4516:p. 56;
4508:p. 66;
4504:p. 39;
4474:p. 163.
4466:p. 56;
4458:p. 66;
4454:p. 31;
4442:p. 222.
4232:p. 71;
4220:p. 66;
4158:p. 154.
4134:p. 104.
4079:p. 34;
4059:p. 364.
3971:p. 42;
3907:p. 124.
3875:p. 104.
3835:ch. 2;
3783:p. 497.
3771:p. 98;
3759:p. 223.
3731:p. 545.
3719:p. 147.
3696:p. 83;
3684:p. 208.
3592:p. 25;
3564:p. 364.
3556:p. 97;
3548:p. 34;
3536:p. 25;
3443:p. 208.
3422:p. 142.
3371:p. 81;
3347:p. 382.
3343:p. 77;
3335:p. 24;
3299:p. 328.
3295:p. 96;
3267:p. 20;
3203:p. 485.
3179:p. 416.
3159:p. 382.
3155:p. 77;
3139:p. 51;
3123:p. 74;
2996:p. 42;
2984:p. 484.
2980:p. 60;
2964:p. 415.
2956:p. 60;
2940:p. 60;
2928:p. 372.
2884:p. 97;
2784:p. 97;
2752:p. 11;
2704:p. 48;
2668:p. 51;
2652:p. 10;
2640:p. 67;
2592:p. 97;
2576:p. 50;
2560:p. 59;
2548:p. 10;
2516:p. 34;
2504:p. 48;
2492:p. 324.
2484:p. 16;
2476:p. 34;
2468:p. 42;
2440:ch. 2;
2408:p. 324.
2392:p. 16;
2380:p. 34;
2250:p. 96;
2234:p. 54;
2123:p. 259.
2076:ch. 5;
1953:p. 226.
1921:p. 179.
1905:p. 151.
1897:p. 16;
1742:p. 183.
1682:p. 473.
1658:p. 398.
1634:p. 23;
1542:p. 86;
1538:p. 80;
1530:p. 23;
1522:p. 42;
1438:p. 39;
1434:p. 42;
1414:p. 449.
1406:p. 39;
1402:p. 42;
1311:p. 184.
898:Domnall
893:cognate
888:Dyfnwal
844:Malcolm
733:Woolmer
633:Ireland
616:Gofraid
579:Penrith
570:Lothian
468:Chester
234:of the
174:Vikings
8355:
8308:
8277:
8254:
8232:
8213:
8159:
8153:9 July
8106:
8072:
8053:
8002:
7984:
7957:547617
7955:
7947:
7939:
7904:
7874:
7852:
7846:Rodopi
7810:
7784:
7752:
7729:
7712:
7704:
7671:
7667:–235.
7644:
7627:
7579:
7571:
7563:
7496:
7456:
7437:
7420:
7410:
7393:
7383:
7355:
7345:
7326:
7276:
7268:
7258:
7237:
7227:
7198:
7188:
7139:
7129:
7106:
7079:
7039:
7031:
6998:
6981:
6956:
6931:
6923:
6888:
6880:
6845:
6823:
6793:
6772:
6764:
6756:
6727:
6717:
6667:
6638:
6621:
6598:
6575:
6552:
6530:
6513:
6487:
6463:
6444:
6425:
6398:
6371:
6330:
6309:
6299:
6266:
6258:
6225:
6185:
6144:
6136:
6128:
6099:
6091:
6057:
6049:
6015:
6007:
5999:
5975:
5967:
5959:
5916:
5882:
5856:
5832:
5808:
5778:
5756:21 May
5736:21 May
5716:21 May
5696:
5651:
5625:
5606:
5587:
5533:3 June
5476:1 June
5442:29 May
5386:
5365:
5357:
5349:
5313:
5234:
5213:
5205:
5197:
5163:
5088:
5069:
5046:
4902:21 May
4882:21 May
4811:
4779:
4753:21 May
4749:. 2005
4727:
4708:
4578:(2005)
4571:(2016)
4540:(2010)
4533:(2012)
4494:(2008)
4487:(2017)
4428:(n.d.)
4401:(2011)
4384:p. 42.
4330:(n.d.)
4315:(2011)
4268:(n.d.)
4241:(n.d.)
4194:(n.d.)
4187:(n.d.)
4084:(n.d.)
4035:ch. 2.
4019:p. 55.
3957:(2005)
3946:(2008)
3927:(2016)
3920:(2017)
3701:(n.d.)
3600:p. 34.
3488:p. 25.
3471:p. 93.
3384:(n.d.)
3311:p. 89.
3243:p. 5;
3059:p. 74.
3035:p. 53.
3033:(1909)
3008:p. 34.
2306:(n.d.)
2299:(n.d.)
2262:p. 10.
2104:p. 10.
2034:(n.d.)
2027:(2005)
2020:(2016)
1799:(n.d.)
1754:ch. 2.
1474:p. 4;
1360:(n.d.)
1347:p. 81.
1323:p. 25.
1283:p. 67.
1053:(n.d.)
854:, and
842:, and
790:, the
564:, and
498:, and
359:Cuilén
240:godson
228:Gaelic
178:Dublin
142:Gaelic
120:Father
8510:Owain
8487:Owain
8357:Died:
8016:(PDF)
8000:S2CID
7982:eISSN
7953:JSTOR
7937:eISSN
7768:(PDF)
7702:eISSN
7577:S2CID
7561:eISSN
7516:. n.d
7418:JSTOR
7379:–58.
7223:–59.
7029:eISSN
6929:S2CID
6921:eISSN
6878:eISSN
6770:S2CID
6754:eISSN
6295:–98.
6289:Brill
6256:eISSN
6142:S2CID
6126:eISSN
6089:eISSN
6055:S2CID
6047:eISSN
6013:JSTOR
5997:eISSN
5973:S2CID
5957:eISSN
5935:(PDF)
5529:. n.d
5523:(PDF)
5472:. n.d
5438:. n.d
5404:. n.d
5363:S2CID
5347:eISSN
5211:JSTOR
5195:eISSN
5143:(PDF)
5129:(PDF)
5002:. n.d
4968:. n.d
4934:. n.d
4844:. n.d
4266:S 779
4192:S 779
891:is a
883:Welsh
814:Notes
804:Owain
302:Paris
196:Owain
170:Scots
108:Issue
8470:Rhun
8306:ISBN
8275:ISBN
8252:ISBN
8230:ISBN
8209:link
8195:2016
8155:2016
8104:ISBN
8070:ISBN
8051:ISBN
7945:ISSN
7872:ISBN
7850:ISBN
7826:link
7782:ISSN
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