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be able to be used in the early evening (para. 39). Though not the first solar oven invented of this type (in India one was being used in low quantities for $ 14), its "simplicity and cheapness"(para. 3) was its hallmark with a projected cost of $ 5 in 1954. Using a tightly insulated box, four mirrors, a glass window, and "a special heat-absorbing chemical"(para. 3), it reached 350 degrees
Fahrenheit (177 degrees Celsius) within 30 minutes. She was appointed Solar Research Director in 1958 for Curtis-Wright Corp. and New York University, over joint and separate solar energy projects.
31:
634:“I have been intensively interested in Chemistry and Physics during my high school days. My aim was toe develop new energy sources, especially the use of Solar Energy. I have studied with this aim in mind, and nothing could have stopped me from working in this field. If I have succeeded to some extent, I feel that I enjoyed my scientific work more than any other activity.”
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read an influential book, "Energy
Sources of the Future" by Kornel Zelowitch. She said that book influenced her in deciding to go to the United States, since most solar energy work was being done there at that time. Her academic pursuits continued as she pursued a Ph.D. in physical chemistry at the University of Budapest, completing her doctoral studies in 1924.
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achievement award from the
National Academy of Sciences and the National Research Council, also an award from Building Research Advisory Board, underscoring the lasting impact of her work. These honors reflect the profound and lasting impact of her pioneering work in harnessing solar energy for practical and life-changing applications.
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Hottel, as chairman of the solar energy fund at MIT, originally supported Telkes's approach. He wrote that "Dr. Telkes' contribution may make a big difference in the outcome of our project". However, he was both less interested in and more skeptical about solar power, compared to Telkes. Telkes, like
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of $ 45,000 to develop a solar-powered oven so people who lack the technology around the world would be able to heat things. The project criteria included: "it had to be able to cook, boil, and bake according to any local custom", "durable, portable, and simple to use and clean", cheap, and it must
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From an early age, Telkes was interested in chemistry, making her own chemistry set at age 10. Her father encouraged her explorations. Raised in
Budapest, she embarked on a journey in physical chemistry at the University of Budapest, earning her Bachelor of Arts in 1920. In her first year there, she
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Telkes's outstanding contributions were acknowledged through numerous accolades, including the prestigious
Society of Women Engineers’ Achievement Award and the Charles Greely Abbot Award from the International Solar Energy Society. Later in her career, at the age of 77, Telkes received a lifetime
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Becoming an
American citizen in 1937 marked a pivotal moment in Telkes's life. That same year, she transitioned to a research engineer role at Westinghouse Electric, where she initially focused on developing instruments converting heat into electrical energy. Her venture into solar energy research
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Throughout her illustrious career, Mária Telkes amassed an impressive collection of twenty patents (some sources say 50), spanning diverse methods related to heating, cooling, and heat storage technologies. Her groundbreaking contributions to the field of solar energy earned her the affectionate
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Her most notable innovation was the invention of the solar distiller and the development of the first solar-powered heating system designed for residential use. In addition, Telkes also devised various devices capable of harnessing and utilizing energy stored from sunlight.
445:, dean of science at MIT, called for a review of the solar fund at MIT, due to concerns about its lack of productivity. The resulting report tended to promote Hottel's views and disparaged both Cabot and Telkes. Telkes was fired by MIT in 1953 after the report came out.
401:, Telkes was reassigned to the metallurgy department, where she continued her work on thermocouples. Although she was no longer involved in the MIT solar fund, Cabot would have liked her to return. He encouraged her to continue working on the problem independently.
438:. By the third winter, there were problems with the Glauber's salt: it had stratified into layers of liquid and solid, and its containers were corroded and leaking. The owners removed the solar heating system from their house, replacing it with an oil furnace.
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The system worked with the sunlight passing through glass windows, which would heat the air inside the glass. This heated air then passed through a metal sheet into another air space. From there, fans moved the air to a storage compartment filled with the salt
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For this work, she received a
Certificate of Merit in 1945 from the OSRD and on March 15, 1952, the Society of Women Engineers awarded her their first Achievement Award "for her wartime method of distilling water from salt water by solar heat."
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moniker of the "Sun Queen," a title that reflected her unparalleled dedication and leadership in harnessing solar power .Her inventive prowess and dedication to advancing sustainable solutions marked her as a trailblazer in the field.
472:. Next, she worked on materials for use in extreme conditions, such as space, at Cryo-Therm (1961–1963) as Director of Research and Development (para. 5). This work included helping to develop materials for use in the
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that absorb or release heat when they change from solid to liquid. She hoped to use phase-change materials like molten salts for storing thermal energy in active heating systems. One of her materials of choice was
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She was a member of the
Chemical Society, the Electrochemical Society, the Solar Energy Society (Board of Directors), Sigma Xi, and the Business and Professional Women’s Club, Society of Women Engineers.
183:, deployed at the end of the war, which saved the lives of downed airmen and torpedoed sailors. Her goal was to create a version for villagers in poor and arid regions. Telkes, often called by colleagues
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machine, completing a prototype in 1942. It came to be one of her most notable inventions because it helped soldiers get clean water in difficult situations and also helped solve water problems in the
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In 1946, the group tried to use
Glauber's salt in the design of their second solar house. Hottel and others blamed Telkes for problems with the material. In spite of support from university president
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tömeges terjesztése érdekében és 1881-ban megalakította a Központi Névmagyarosító Társaságot, amelynek elnöke is lett. Rubin családi nevét 1881-ben változtatta
Telkesre. Két évvel később belépett az
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as an adjunct professor of Energy Conversion with a goal of substituting clean sun energy for "some of the polluting fuels". She began to study electricity-generating
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Telkes aimed to address the reliance on traditional heating methods, often powered by non-renewable energy sources. Her work sought to provide sustainable and
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Telkes moved to the United States in 1924, and visited a relative who was the Hungarian consul in Cleveland, Ohio. There, she was hired to work at the
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Telkes worked from 1937 to 1939 as a physicist at Westinghouse Electrical and Manufacturing Company in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. She developed metal
480:, specifically to help maintain constant temperatures for optimum missile functionality. From 1963–1969, she worked as director of solar energy at
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to investigate the energy produced by living organisms. Telkes did some research while working at the foundation, and under the leadership of
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417:. The system was designed so that Glauber's salt would melt in the sun, trap the heat, and then release it as it cooled and hardened.
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Telkes was known to say “You see, sunshine isn’t lethal – except perhaps in the form of sunburn” (SWE Achievement Award Citation)
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521:. She continued inventing and filing patents into her 80s, and died August 13, 1996, at the age of 95, in North Miami, Florida.
202:, by storing energy each day. In 1953 they created a solar oven for people at various latitudes that could be used by children.
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494:"It is the things supposed to be impossible that interest me. I like to do things they say cannot be done." Mária Telkes, 1942.
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Another solar house was built in Princeton NJ using the solar energy and thermal storage system developed by Telkes.
1636:
Tietjen, Jill S.; Bailey, Margaret (2022). "Energetic Trailblazers: Kate Gleason, Edith Clarke, and Mária Telkes".
216:, subsequently receiving a Building Research Advisory Board Award in 1977. Telkes registered more than 20 patents.
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For the first two years the house was successful, receiving tremendous publicity and drawing crowds of visitors.
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345:, the United States government, noting Telkes's expertise, recruited her to serve as a civilian advisor to the
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College of Engineering where she continued to conduct solar energy research. Telkes received a grant from the
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as the most "critical problem" facing designers of a workable solar-heated house. One of her specialties was
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in 1924. However, her life took a turn when, after visiting a relative who served as the Hungarian consul in
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1977 – Building Research Advisory Board for “significant contributions to building science and technology
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cells. In 1971 she helped to build the first house to generate both heat and electricity from the sun.
1582:"Preliminary Inventory of the Maria Telkes Papers 1893-2000 (Bulk 1950s-1980s) Telkes, (Maria) Papers"
394:, was a "fervent believer in solar energy". There were personality clashes between Hottel and Telkes.
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543:"In recognition of (her) outstanding contributions to the utilization of solar energy for humankind"
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1613:. Killeen Daily Herald. Society of Women Engineers Records, LR001539. Walter P. Reuther Library.
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Telkes spent several years in industry. Initially, she was the director of solar energy at the
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513:. Then, in 1980, she moved from Texas to Maryland with Monegon, Ltd. In 1981 she helped the
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Telkes published over 100 papers, wrote book chapters, and ultimately some 50 patents.
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425:). These compartments were in between the walls, heating the house as the salt cooled.
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began in 1939. As part of the Solar Energy Conversion Project at MIT, she investigated
1327:. N.Y. Herald. Society of Women Engineers Records, LR001539. Walter P. Reuther Library
1260:
Mayer, J., Hafner, K. & The Lost Women of Science Initiative (November 16, 2023).
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faith. In 1907 he was elevated to the Hungarian nobility, with the prefix kelenföldi.
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In 1948, Telkes started working on the Dover Sun House; she teamed up with architect
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Method and Apparatus for Storing and Releasing Heat: No. 2,808,494. October 1, 1957.
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Proceedings of the First International Conference of Women Engineers and Scientists
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1440:. Society of Women Engineers Records, Box 193, Folder 9. Walter P. Reuther Library
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In January 1977, moving to Texas, she joined the Solar Energy Department of the
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357:. However, its initial deployment was delayed until the end of the war because
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for five years. During World War II, she worked as a civilian advisor for the
169:
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1391:"First International Conference of Women Engineers and Scientists. (program)"
802:
435:
826:"How Mária Telkes Became 'The Sun Queen' | National Inventors Hall of Fame"
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to develop and build the first fully solar-powered home, Carlisle House in
255:
Following her educational achievements, Telkes became an instructor at the
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systems. After the war, she became an associate research professor at MIT.
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602:
Composition of Matter for the Storage of Heat: No. 2,677,664. May 4, 1954
225:
54:
1517:
International Astronomical Union - WG Small Bodies Nomenclature Bulletin
760:"The Sun Queen and the Skeptic: Building the World's First Solar Houses"
700:"Mária Telkes | American physical chemist and biophysicist | Britannica"
605:
Method and Apparatus for the Storage of Heat: No. 2,677,243. May 4, 1954
1557:"PBS documentary looks at the life of solar power pioneer Mária Telkes"
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Society of Women Engineers Records, LR001539. Walter P. Reuther Library
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Society of Women Engineers Records, LR001539. Walter P. Reuther Library
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Society of Women Engineers Records, LR001539. Walter P. Reuther Library
229:
120:
77:
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repeatedly re-negotiated the manufacturing contracts for the machine.
1421:
Regents of the University of California, ed. (2016). "Maria Telkes".
232:, in 1900 to Aladár and Mária (née Lábán) de Telkes. Her grandfather
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alternatives, particularly in the context of residential heating.
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172:. She became an American citizen in 1937 and started work at the
498:
In 1969 Telkes joined the Institute of Energy Conversion at the
299:
157:(December 12, 1900 – December 2, 1995) was a Hungarian-American
1080:"Maria Telkes, 95, an Innovator Of Varied Uses for Solar Power"
791:"Maria Telkes, 95, an Innovator Of Varied Uses for Solar Power"
596:
Radiant Energy Heat Transfer Device: No. 2,595,905. May 6, 1952
1234:"Google Doodle Pays Tribute to Mária Telkes — "The Sun Queen""
1221:. Christian Science Monitor. Associated Press. March 17, 1952.
619:, Design and the Arts Special Collections, in Tempe, Arizona.
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hailed it as perhaps more important, scientifically, than the
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powered by sunlight. She was at MIT for 13 years and then for
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1952 – Inaugural Society of Women Engineers Achievement Award
539:
1977 – Charles Greeley Abbot Award, American Section of the
279:, they invented a photoelectric mechanism that could record
1195:"Mária Telkes | American physical chemist and biophysicist"
413:, with the project financed by philanthropist and sculptor
533:
1945 – OSRD Certificate of Merit for the Desalination Unit
488:
International Conference of Women Engineers and Scientists
1486:"NIHF Inductee Maria Telkes Invented Solar Power Storage"
673:"NIHF Inductee Maria Telkes Invented Solar Power Storage"
954:
SPIE - The International Society of Optics and Photonics
176:(MIT) to create practical uses of solar energy in 1939.
1466:. Society of Women Engineers. May–June 1977. p. 14
1423:
Earth and Sun Science Resources -- FOSS Next Generation
244:
the family name to Telkes. In 1883 he converted to the
212:
She was awarded a lifetime achievement award from the
1325:"$ 5 Stove Traps Sun's Rays to Bake, Broil, and Cook"
1262:"This Biophysicist 'Sun Queen' Harnessed Solar Power"
16:
Hungarian-American scientist and inventor (1900–1995)
1348:"Dr. Maria Telkes appointed Solar Research Director"
168:
She moved to the United States in 1925 to work as a
349:(OSRD). There, she developed a solar-powered water
283:. They also worked together to write a book called
126:
116:
94:
84:
65:
40:
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1460:"BRAB honors Telkes for significant contributions"
1024:.Keresztény Magvető (1883) 1907. szeptember 17-én
205:In 1952, Telkes became the first recipient of the
263:, she decided to immigrate to the United States.
529:Telkes was recognized many times for her work.
492:
615:Telkes's papers are in the collections of the
525:Awards, accolades, honors, professional groups
198:created one of the first solar-heated houses,
599:Heat Storage Unit: No. 2,677,367. May 4, 1954
347:Office of Scientific Research and Development
320:Office of Scientific Research and Development
8:
1278:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
975:"Telkes Aladárné Lábán Mária gyászjelentése"
694:
692:
1698:American people of Hungarian-Jewish descent
1438:"Letter to B. Krohn, SWE Newsletter Editor"
1425:. Madison WI: Delta Education. p. 117.
1640:. Women in Engineering and Science: 3–23.
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1299:United States Patent and Trademark Office
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1631:. solarhousehistory.com. 17 April 2023.
1609:Duncan, Gra'Delle (December 18, 1977).
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950:"Mária Telkes: All hail the Sun Queen"
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898:"Maria Telkes | Lemelson-MIT Program"
179:During World War II, she developed a
174:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
135:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
7:
861:. Infobase Publishing. p. 714.
1078:Saxon, Wolfgang (August 13, 1996).
456:By 1953, Telkes was working at the
1713:Hungarian people of Jewish descent
1362:"Contribution of Dr. Maria Telkes"
1111:"Telkes, Maria | Encyclopedia.com"
979:(Death notice for Aladárné Telkes)
541:International Solar Energy Society
14:
1436:Telkes, Marie (August 19, 1977).
563:Telkes' work was recognized in a
511:American Technological University
1555:Gomez, Adrian. (April 2, 2023).
1219:"MIT Woman Wins Sea Still Award"
1053:"Only Human: Harnessing the Sun"
859:Encyclopedia of World Scientists
617:Arizona State University Library
1748:20th-century American inventors
1638:Women in Mechanical Engineering
1403:from the original on 2014-11-05
1051:Fields, Simon (June 19, 1964).
551:National Inventors Hall of Fame
486:In 1964 she spoke at the first
194:In the 1940s she and architect
181:solar water distillation device
99:National Inventors Hall of Fame
1683:20th-century American chemists
789:Saxon, Wolfgang (1996-08-13).
1:
1350:. Society of Women Engineers.
758:Rinde, Meir (July 14, 2020).
1611:"Research to Join CTC Staff"
1346:Newsletter (November 1958).
948:Weerts, Gwen (1 July 2021).
853:Oakes, Elizabeth H. (2007).
611:Plus ten additional patents.
240:family. In 1881, her father
214:National Academy of Sciences
1718:Hungarian physical chemists
1646:10.1007/978-3-030-91546-9_1
1323:Ubell, E. (March 8, 1954).
273:Cleveland Clinic Foundation
161:and inventor who worked on
131:Cleveland Clinic Foundation
1769:
1703:American physical chemists
570:She is the subject of the
549:2012 – Induction into the
208:Society of Women Engineers
103:Society of Women Engineers
1161:. File: Box 193, Folder 9
925:"Maria Telkes | Lemelson"
148:
109:
28:
1728:Scientists from Budapest
1723:Hungarian women chemists
1629:"Maria Telkes Resources"
1536:Celebrating Mária Telkes
1179:: CS1 maint: location (
331:environmentally friendly
220:Early life and education
1753:Hungarian biophysicists
1232:NEWS, SA (2022-12-16).
1199:Encyclopedia Britannica
990:"Jewish Naming Customs"
560:is named in her honor.
519:Carlisle, Massachusetts
515:US Department of Energy
443:George Russell Harrison
277:George Washington Crile
1693:American biophysicists
567:on December 12, 2022.
500:University of Delaware
496:
470:Curtiss-Wright Company
379:phase-change materials
375:thermal energy storage
312:thermoelectric devices
143:University of Delaware
1733:Scientists from Texas
1523:(1): 29. 14 May 2021.
1016:mozgalmat indított a
577:which first aired on
390:the project's funder
189:solar thermal storage
1115:www.encyclopedia.com
591:Patents & Papers
392:Godfrey Lowell Cabot
257:University of Geneva
1738:Women biophysicists
1561:Albuquerque Journal
1266:Scientific American
580:American Experience
458:New York University
316:New York University
224:Telkes was born in
139:New York University
1084:The New York Times
1022:unitárius egyházba
795:The New York Times
704:www.britannica.com
583:on April 4, 2023.
558:390743 Telkesmária
452:Solar-powered oven
386:(sodium sulfate).
373:Telkes identified
285:Phenomenon of Life
210:Achievement Award.
1655:978-3-030-91545-2
1293:Hernandez, A. A.
1028:előnévvel magyar
994:www.jewishgen.org
868:978-1-4381-1882-6
355:US Virgin Islands
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111:Scientific career
105:Achievement Award
89:Thermoelectricity
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196:Eleanor Raymond
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384:Glauber's salt
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565:Google Doodle
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556:The asteroid
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185:The Sun Queen
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43:
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32:
27:
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1637:
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1585:
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1560:
1550:
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1480:
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1431:
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1385:
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1368:
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1329:. Retrieved
1303:. Retrieved
1301:. p. 21
1298:
1288:
1274:cite journal
1265:
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1237:
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1198:
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1158:
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1114:
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1083:
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1061:. Retrieved
1059:. Daily News
1056:
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993:
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504:photovoltaic
497:
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482:Melpar, Inc.
467:
455:
447:
440:
429:
427:
419:
408:
399:Karl Compton
396:
388:
372:
369:Heat storage
363:
351:desalination
343:World War II
340:
337:Desalination
328:
324:
308:
289:
284:
270:
254:
250:
234:Simon Telkes
223:
206:
204:
193:
184:
178:
170:biophysicist
167:
163:solar energy
159:biophysicist
155:Mária Telkes
154:
153:
127:Institutions
110:
71:(1995-12-02)
23:Mária Telkes
1678:1995 deaths
1673:1900 births
1155:"Biography"
1012:1879 végén
304:electricity
298:to convert
281:brain waves
236:was from a
1667:Categories
1542:2023-04-13
1495:2023-04-13
1407:2021-11-27
1243:2022-12-18
1204:2019-04-03
1120:2019-04-03
1030:nemességet
1026:kelenföldi
1014:Budapesten
999:2022-12-13
934:2022-12-06
907:2019-04-03
808:2022-12-06
709:2022-12-06
682:2022-12-06
648:References
242:magyarized
76:Budapest,
47:1900-12-12
803:0362-4331
436:atom bomb
246:Unitarian
1591:14 March
1566:April 4,
1470:June 25,
1444:June 25,
1398:Archived
1375:14 March
1331:June 25,
1305:June 17,
1175:cite web
1165:July 20,
1090:July 20,
1063:July 20,
959:14 March
835:14 March
441:In 1953
322:(OSRD).
226:Budapest
55:Budapest
1032:kapott.
977:. 1963.
341:During
230:Hungary
121:Physics
78:Hungary
1652:
1371:. 1964
865:
801:
769:5 July
626:Legacy
292:alloys
267:Career
238:Jewish
117:Fields
95:Awards
1513:(PDF)
1401:(PDF)
1394:(PDF)
1365:(PDF)
302:into
1650:ISBN
1593:2022
1568:2023
1472:2024
1446:2024
1377:2022
1333:2024
1307:2024
1280:link
1181:link
1167:2024
1092:2024
1065:2024
961:2022
863:ISBN
837:2022
799:ISSN
771:2021
476:and
300:heat
294:for
66:Died
41:Born
1642:doi
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