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284:. They organized another expedition into Hudson Bay in 1663, but it was turned back by the ice. At Boston in 1665 they met Sir George Cartwright, who told them to travel to England to gain support. Captured by Dutch privateers on the voyage, the French men were put ashore in Spain. Reaching England, they were presented to King
385:, was sent north into Hudson Bay. Captured by representatives of the Hudson's Bay Company, Albanel was sent to England as a prisoner. In England he convinced Groseilliers and Radisson to return to French service. Groseilliers traveled to France and spent the year before returning to New France in 1676.
181:
and from whom he inherited his lands in Trois-Rivières. Two sons from her first marriage became troublesome. In 1654, Groseilliers petitioned the governor of New France to find the boys another guardian, which was accepted. His first child by Marguérite, Jean
Baptiste, was baptized on 5 July 1654.
406:
to create a French trading post. Similar expeditions from the Hudson's Bay
Company and a group from Boston under the leadership of Benjamin Gillam arrived at the same time. The three groups fought with the experienced leadership of Radisson and Groseilliers coming out victorious. They took the
348:. From 1670 to 1675, Groseilliers and Radisson were employed by the Hudson's Bay Company, voyaging into Hudson Bay to establish trading posts, forts and exploring the area. Their activities were watched with interest by the French whose economy suffered from the arrival of English fur traders.
251:
traders, the French men came to understand that the main source of furs lay northwest of the lake. In 1661, Groseilliers traveled to France to appeal the fine without success and returned to New France the same year. Groseilliers and
Radisson proposed creating a trading company for the furs to
158:. Their first child died in 1648. Their second child, also named Médard, was born in 1651, the same year Helène died. After the Iroquois destroyed the Huron missions and forced the people to move further west in the late 1640s, Groseilliers worked to re-establish trade, especially in the
206:
In August 1654, Groseilliers was sent west along with an unknown partner, to journey west to the new Huron lands. The voyage took two years to complete and upon returning in August 1656, they carried in their canoes reports of contact with several First
Nations, among them the
260:. Colbert thought it a waste of resources and refused to support the project. In Spring 1662, Groseilliers and Radisson intended to journey to the west via the Hudson Bay region. In order to get to Hudson Bay from
243:
came to them at this time. They returned in the summer of 1660 and upon return to New France, they were fined most of their profits by the colonial government because they had left New France without a license.
414:
was forced to pay taxes on their furs. Radisson and
Groseilliers sailed to France in 1683 for adjudication on the tax matter. The French government found in favour of the British, whose leader
247:
This journey demonstrated that the French could find riches in the interior of the continent and this led more
Frenchmen to go west, with seven heading to Lake Superior within the year. From
107:, France, to Médard Chouart, his father and Marie Poirier. He also had a cousin named Médard Chouart. He later called himself Sieur des Groseilliers after a farm his parents managed in
340:
The haul of furs impressed King
Charles and led Prince Rupert and his fellow investors to create the "Company of Adventurers of England Trading into Hudsons Bay", also known as the
398:, given charter by the French government. The company was created to compete with the Hudson's Bay Company. Groseilliers joined the company and with Radisson, sailed north to the
410:
Upon their return to New France, the two
Frenchmen found that their actions had angered the British and alarmed French officials. In order to cover the British losses the
407:
majority of the
Bostonians and Hudson's Bay Company personnel captive, including the new governor of Hudson Bay, John Bridgar and seized furs from their former employer.
992:
966:
79:, who was about 20 years younger. The pair worked together in fur trading and exploration. Their decision to enter British service led to the foundation of the
422:. While in France, Groseilliers refused an offer to rejoin the Hudson's Bay Company and returned to his farm at Trois-Rivières. His final fate is unknown.
1150:
182:
His second child by Marguérite, also named Marguérite, was baptized on 15 April 1659 and his third child, Marie-Antoinette, was baptized on 8 June 1661.
1099:
87:
in western Canada. It was highly influential in making the region amenable to
British colonization. Radisson, with Groseiliers, also mapped many of the
1049:
1012:
1160:
905:
860:
836:
812:
788:
264:, Groseilliers intended to charter a vessel. However, the plans fell through and Groseilliers and Radisson instead searched further south in
1044:
920:"Groseilliers and Radisson, the First White Men in Minnesota, 1655-56, and 1659-60, and their Discovery of the Upper Mississippi River"
1002:
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On 3 September 1647 Groseilliers married the widowed Helène Martin, the daughter of Abraham Martin, whose land surrounding
1155:
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337:, where they built a fort and wintered there. The expedition returned to England in 1669 with a rich cargo of furs.
1135:
289:
227:". Leaving in August 1659, Groseilliers and Radisson traveled west to the far end of Lake Superior and wintered at
281:
344:, on 2 May 1670. The Hudson's Bay Company was given monopoly over the area of land that would become known as
341:
84:
80:
177:. There he married his second wife, Marguérite Hayet, (sometimes spelled Hayot) the widowed step-sister of
1089:
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76:
871:
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475:
285:
253:
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Caesars of the Wilderness: Médard Chouart, Sieur Des Groseilliers and Pierre Esprit Radisson, 1618-1710
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235:. According to Radisson's account of the voyage, they helped repel an Iroquois attack along the
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which was named after their benefactor. They landed near what is now the town of
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in 1670. This company established trading posts and extensive relations with the
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292:. Eventually Prince Rupert chartered two vessels for Radisson and Groseilliers.
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A Savage Empire: Trappers, Traders, Tribes, and the Wars That Made America
220:
216:
144:
388:
On 20 May 1682 the French created their own fur-trading company, called
360:
1681 French map of the New World above the equator: New France and the
136:
804:
The Fur Trade in Canada: An Introduction to Canadian Economic History
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was caught in a storm, was damaged and forced to return to England.
355:
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and returned to New France in July and established himself at
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with William Stannard as captain and Radisson as his second.
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was France's best chance to re-convert the English back to
143:. In 1646, Groseilliers fought with the Huron against the
372:
and the mouth of the river (and future New Orleans) then
58:
Explorer, fur trader, Co-founder of Hudson's Bay Company
655:
653:
75:
in Canada. He is often paired with his brother-in-law
54:
39:
32:
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519:
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828:The French Regime in Wisconsin and the Northwest
317:made it to Hudson Bay and continued south, into
935:Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society
924:Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society
295:In 1668 two ships left England for Hudson Bay:
993:Pierre Gaultier de Varennes et de La Vérendrye
115:in 1641 at age 23, but according to historian
960:
880:. Vol. I (1000–1700) (online ed.).
8:
256:, the French minister of finance under King
898:Historical Dictionary of the British Empire
632:
547:
967:
953:
945:
223:peoples and furs worth "14 to 15 thousand
119:, this has never been proven. He became a
29:
900:. Vol. A–J. Greenwood. p. 297.
239:and that the idea for trading furs from
111:. He was reported to have immigrated to
1100:René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle
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727:
711:
699:
687:
671:
644:
495:
1050:Jean-François de La Rocque de Roberval
855:. Minnesota Historical Society Press.
364:in the north, with a dark line as the
276:Groseilliers and Radisson traveled to
268:in hope of finding a suitable vessel.
1013:Louis-Joseph Gaultier de La Vérendrye
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272:Formation of the Hudson's Bay Company
91:and trading routes used by settlers.
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305:with Groseilliers as his second and
1045:Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville
874:. In Brown, George Williams (ed.).
165:In 1653, Groseilliers travelled to
894:"Chouart des Groseilliers, Médard"
872:"Chouart des Groseilliers, Médard"
139:. Here he learned the skills of a
25:
1151:French explorers of North America
381:In 1674, a French Jesuit priest,
930:(Part II). The Society: 449–594.
877:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
460:
446:
432:
390:La Compagnie de la Baie d’Hudson
1003:Pierre Gaultier de La Vérendrye
892:; Shadle, Robert, eds. (1996).
807:. University of Toronto Press.
65:Médard Chouart des Groseilliers
34:Médard Chouart des Groseilliers
27:French explorer and fur trader
1:
998:Jean Baptiste de La Vérendrye
1070:Louis Juchereau de St. Denis
485:ship named for the explorer.
1161:Hudson's Bay Company people
1095:Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons
1085:Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville
882:University of Toronto Press
288:and became associated with
271:
154:later became famous as the
99:Médard Chouart was born in
1177:
980:
870:Nute, Grace Lee (1979) .
633:Olson & Shadle (1996)
548:Olson & Shadle (1996)
325:reached the mouth of the
1008:François de La Vérendrye
932: – Also
352:Return to French service
282:Massachusetts Bay Colony
231:in what is now known as
131:region near present-day
1075:Médard des Groseilliers
989:de La Vérendrye family
975:Explorers of New France
1090:Pierre-Esprit Radisson
823:Kellogg, Louise Phelps
783:. St. Martin's Press.
378:
203:
179:Pierre-Esprit Radisson
77:Pierre-Esprit Radisson
614:, pp. 23, 27–28.
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301:under the command of
254:Jean-Baptiste Colbert
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123:or lay helper at the
1156:Canadian fur traders
1141:People of New France
562:, pp. 8–11, 15.
483:Canadian Coast Guard
454:North America portal
342:Hudson's Bay Company
81:Hudson's Bay Company
1146:Explorers of Canada
1105:Samuel de Champlain
368:to the west in the
229:Lac Courte Oreilles
199:Historic marker in
831:. Heritage Books.
574:, pp. 13, 17.
379:
204:
201:Ashland, Wisconsin
105:Champagne province
67:(born 1618) was a
1136:People from Aisne
1113:
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1040:Jacques Marquette
1025:Guillaume Couture
907:978-0-313-29366-5
862:978-0-87351-128-5
838:978-0-7884-1766-5
814:978-0-8020-8196-4
790:978-0-312-57656-1
714:, pp. 86–87.
412:Compagnie du Nord
395:Compagnie du Nord
366:Mississippi River
171:Claude de la Tour
156:Plains of Abraham
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1126:1618 births
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612:Nute (1978)
600:Nute (1979)
596:Nute (1978)
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572:Nute (1978)
560:Nute (1978)
536:Nute (1978)
524:Nute (1979)
503:Nute (1978)
420:Catholicism
362:Great Lakes
331:Waskaganish
266:New England
262:Isle Percée
152:Quebec City
89:Great Lakes
1120:Categories
490:References
476:CCGS
286:Charles II
241:Hudson Bay
113:New France
109:Bassevelle
95:Early life
73:fur trader
825:(2007) .
801:(1999) .
319:James Bay
258:Louis XIV
233:Wisconsin
217:Winnebago
918:(1905).
849:(1978).
775:(2011).
426:See also
162:region.
145:Iroquois
49:, France
766:Sources
323:Nonsuch
315:Nonsuch
298:Nonsuch
280:in the
137:Ontario
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335:Quebec
311:Eaglet
307:Eaglet
278:Boston
225:livres
167:Acadia
125:Jesuit
400:Hayes
209:Sioux
129:Huron
121:donné
902:ISBN
857:ISBN
833:ISBN
809:ISBN
785:ISBN
481:, a
402:and
249:Cree
219:and
71:and
43:1618
40:Born
392:or
221:Fox
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