325:
At the Akumbu mound complex, in Mema, its archaeological findings date between 400 CE and 1400 CE; at the cultural deposit of AK3, which contained three human remains, the dates range between 400 CE and 600 CE. While two out of three human remains were in a fully decomposed state, one of the human
265:, the legendary founder of Wagadou. Historian Dierk Lange has argued that Ghana, rather than being situated to the northwest of the Niger Delta, was in fact centered in the Méma area.
305:
Toladié, which dates between at least 430 CE and 670 CE, is the largest occupation site (76 hectares) in Mema. As a primary center in the region, Toladié utilized
222:, and southwest of the Lakes Region. The now-senescent basin may have been the first settlement area for communities who migrated from distressed homelands of the
268:
After
Wagadou's collapse around the end of the 12th century, Méma was one of the most important Soninke successor states. It appears several times in the
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remains were able to be determined to be a young adult (17–25 years old) female, who was buried with two copper bracelets - one on each wrist, 13
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288:, within which Mema held a special, more autonomous status. In 1433 the kingdom regained its independence before falling to the
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64:
475:"La Chute De La Dynastie Des Sisse: Considerations Sur La Dislocation De L'Empire Du Ghana A Partir De L'Histoire De Gao"
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iron tools produced by the communities of Akumbu, Boubou, Boundou, Boulel, Kobadie, Kolima, and
Nampala for purposes of
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261:. According to local legends it was founded by Biranin Tounkara, a slave or companion of
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African dominion : a new history of empire in early and medieval West Africa
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514:(1977). "5 - The western Maghrib and Sudan". In Oliver, Ronald (ed.).
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Méma was inhabited by 3800 BCE at the earliest by migrants from
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The
Cambridge History of Africa Volume 3: From c.1050 to c.1600
612:. University Microfilms International. p. ii., 112–113.
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fleeing the drying Sahara. It was host to a large number of
551:
Complex
Societies, Urbanism, And Trade In The Western Sahel
397:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 15-6.
427:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 27, 50. GGKEY:H6DG0T4PJC4
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276:(king) of Mema shelters Sundiata when he flees the
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257:states, an important vassal or province of the
663:"Iron Age Occupation in the Méma Region, Mali"
520:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 377–9.
280:, then provides cavalry to help him overthrow
16:Region and former country in present-day Mali
8:
359:Anderson, David; Rathbone, Richard (2000).
19:"Mema" redirects here. For other uses, see
330:, 11 stone beads, and a fully intact pot.
253:Historically, Méma was one of the smaller
25:
600:
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365:. James Currey Publishers. pp. 27–.
246:cities, far pre-dating the settlement of
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578:Metals and Precolonial African Society
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575:Holl, Augustin F.C. (Aug 16, 2000).
242:villages, succeeded by hundreds of
226:during the last two millennia BC.
182:, a key constituent kingdom in the
581:. AltaMira Press. pp. 57–58.
14:
667:The African Archaeological Review
548:MacDonald, Kevin (Jul 4, 2013).
174:is a region and former state in
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116:• Conquest by the Songhai
292:by the middle of the century.
106:• Independence from Mali
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65:African traditional religions
713:Countries in medieval Africa
210:, Méma is situated north of
605:Togola, Tereba (May 1993).
554:. OUP Oxford. p. 839.
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661:Togola, Téréba (1996).
393:Gomez, Michael (2018).
317:with the Ghana Empire.
618:10.30861/9781407301785
473:Lange, Dierk (1996b).
424:Ancient Ghana and Mali
36:8th century CE–c. 1450
51:Common languages
21:MEMA (disambiguation)
362:Africa's Urban Past
96:• Established
512:Levtzion, Nehemiah
284:and establish the
718:Sahelian kingdoms
698:Landforms of Mali
561:978-0-19-162614-2
479:History in Africa
419:Levtzion, Nehemia
372:978-0-85255-761-7
220:Inner Niger Delta
208:alluvial deposits
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677:24 September
675:. Retrieved
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136:Succeeded by
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673:(2): 91–110
461:Togola 1996
449:Togola 1996
347:Togola 1996
296:Archaeology
286:Mali Empire
248:Djenne-Jeno
198:Description
692:Categories
485:: 155–78.
334:References
214:, west of
75:Government
644:129143321
636:213478595
240:Stone Age
216:Lake Debo
61:Religion
533:12 March
496:22 March
421:(1973).
244:Iron Age
218:and the
78:Monarchy
655:Sources
431:13 July
378:13 July
311:tribute
307:smelted
301:Toladié
274:Tunkara
255:Soninke
230:History
212:Massina
184:Wagadou
120:c. 1450
83:History
45:Kingdom
642:
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369:
321:Akumbu
272:. The
236:Azawad
224:Sahara
180:Africa
86:
41:Status
640:S2CID
610:(PDF)
315:trade
263:Dinga
204:plain
69:Islam
679:2024
632:OCLC
622:ISBN
583:ISBN
556:ISBN
535:2024
522:ISBN
498:2024
433:2012
399:ISBN
380:2012
367:ISBN
313:and
190:and
188:Mali
176:Mali
172:Méma
110:1433
30:Méma
614:doi
487:doi
206:of
694::
671:13
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