690:
148:
32:
805:
scholar Sai Kam Möng observes: "Sometimes one of these strove to be the leading kingdom and sometimes all of them were unified into one single kingdom..." The capital of the kingdom shifted from place to place, but most of them were located near the Nam Mao river (the
891:
Mong Mao Long has a total of 81 saophas. Mao Long is currently located near the
Burmese border. (located during the Hso Wak Hpa era saopha No.52) in Yunnan Province, which in the past Counting with the provinces in Burma it is a group of Mong Mao Lung,
871:
Ri Mong Ram (different from Chao Chang Nyue, the 37th saopha of Mong Mao Long) and
Mahadevi Phlak Hkam Hsen Mawng, daughter of Sao Tai Lung, the 45th (Sao Pam Myo Pung, his son the 46th saopha, handed over the throne to Hso Kaa Hpa)
72:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
817:
chronicle tradition, recorded very early by Elias (1876), provides a long list with the first ruler of Möng Mao dating from 568 A.D. The dates in Elias for later rulers of Möng Mao do not match very well the dates in
867:
The city has gone through many events. Since the reign of Hso Hkan Hpa, their subsequent saopha have assassinated each other. The struggle for the throne led to Hso Kaa Hpa, son of Sao Chang Nyue from
1679:(Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 272) and (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 392): Tho Chi Bwa was a brother of Lord Tho Han Bwa. (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 170): Tho Chi Bwa was a son of Tho Khin Bwa, Lord of Maw.
709:
history, the history of the
Kingdom of Pong is largely legendary and existing chronicles and traditions include conflicting names and dates which have led to different interpretations.
1688:
All the main
Burmese chronicles—(Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 297) (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 200) and (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 424)—give the name as Tho Ngan Bwa, the same name as the
801:
The center of power shifted frequently between these smaller states or chieftainships. Sometimes they were unified under one strong leader, sometimes they were not. As the
2057:
Translated by 龚肃政 (Gong
Suzheng); Explained by 杨永生 (Yang Yongsheng) (1988). "银云瑞雾的勐果占璧简史 (Yin yun rui wu de meng guo zhan bi jian shi)" [Chronicle of Guo-zhan-bi].
2276:, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand [Includes a complete translation and introduction to the Ming travelogue "Bai-yi Zhuan", a copy can be found at the
2934:
147:
2022:
Daniels, Christian (2006) "Historical memories of a
Chinese adventurer in a Tay chronicle; Usurpation of the throne of a Tay polity in Yunnan, 1573–1584,"
2954:
1719:(Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 291) and (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 91): Both Tho Kyein Bwa and Tho Bok Bwa were still alive in 1451. Tho Bok Bwa was appointed
75:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
83:
732:
300:
2352:
2176:
1998:
1933:
860:
Later,the city became vacant. And was pioneered by Hkun Lai, who came from the city of Mong Ri Mong Ram, the city sited in the region called
2213:
656:), but most of the time this is a collective name of all the ethnic groups in south west of Yunnan, or specifically refers to Dai people.
587:
U Ting felt dizzy when she was brought to the sky by a bird. The name "Möng Mao" is still used nowadays, as the official Tai Nuea name of
2247:
2929:
2203:
2070:
641:
850:
Mong Mao Long, or the white fog of Mong Mao Long, was founded in 56 BC by Hso Hom Hpa, a descendant of the ancient Tai King from
750:"Muang Mao" is sometimes used by authors to refer to the entire group of Tai states along the Chinese-Myanmar frontier including
744:
377:
326:
759:
724:. This kingdom had asserted some unity over the diversity of ethnic groups residing along the southwest frontier of Yunnan.
1710:(Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 291) and (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 91): Both Tho Kyein Bwa and Tho Bok Bwa were still alive in 1451.
96:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing
Chinese Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.
2137:
Liew, Foon Ming. (1996) "The
Luchuan-Pingmian Campaigns (1436–1449): In the Light of Official Chinese Historiography".
2145:
583:" means country or place. The "Mao" (ᥛᥣᥝᥰ) was evolved from "dizzy" (ᥛᥝᥰ), it is because the mother of legendary king
2093:胡绍华 (Hu Shaohua) (1984). "试述"百夷"含义的历史演变" [A discuss of the historical evolution of the meaning of "Baiyi"].
2898:
2033:
Calcutta: Foreign
Department Press. (Recent facsimile Reprint by Thai government in Chiang Mai University library).
731:
the Möng Mao under Si Lunfa decided to submit to Ming authority. However, Möng Mao revolted in 1386 and led to the
2345:
2277:
91:
20:
112:
2944:
728:
721:
689:
842:
by
Witthayasakphan and Zhao Hongyun (2001), also provides a fairly detailed local chronicle of Möng Mao.
2893:
313:
1130:
Sao Lam Kon Kam Hpa 1448-1461 (son of Hso Ween Hpa but some source told he is the uncle of Hso Wak Hpa)
2949:
2939:
2338:
370:
2831:
2795:
2784:
2745:
2291:, Singapore: Asia Research Institute and the Singapore E-Press, National University of Singapore,
2239:
1939:
673:
2790:
2725:
2309:尤中 (You Zhong) (1987). "明朝"三征麓川"叙论" [Introduction of Three Conquests Luchuan by Ming].
1461:
2800:
2720:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2404:
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2199:
2172:
2066:
1994:
1929:
1724:
1249:
606:
562:
522:
454:
87:
2758:
2705:
2650:
2272:
Wade, Geoff (1996) "The Bai Yi Zhuan: A Chinese Account of Tai Society in the 14th Century,"
2821:
2773:
2235:
2098:
1921:
1255:
1225:
472:
464:
277:
105:
813:
The various versions of the Möng Mao Chronicle provide the lineage of Möng Mao rulers. The
2875:
2856:
2715:
2488:
2459:
2429:
2218:
2102:
713:
702:
678:
636:
623:
give a new explanation of "Guo-zhan-bi" which is "place that produce fragrant soft rice".
506:
2330:
705:, as well as with the kingdom of Luh Shwan mentioned in Chinese chronicles. Like most of
2903:
2871:
2851:
2730:
2695:
2655:
2640:
2548:
2543:
2478:
2365:
1864:
Elias, 1876; Daniels, 2006; Bian-zhang-ga, 1990; Witthayasakphan and Zhao Hongyun, 2001
755:
413:
1204:
Hso Pa Hpa (Hso Wen Hpa) 1929-1955 son (ruled with Hso Kyang Hpa and Fang Hkuea Shang)
2923:
2605:
2573:
2498:
2493:
2464:
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2324:
2302:
2281:
2038:
1243:
893:
839:
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199:
2861:
2735:
2538:
2528:
2449:
2399:
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2389:
2379:
2150:
2122:
932:
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819:
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173:
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2031:
Introductory Sketch of the History of the Shans in Upper Burma and Western Yunnan.
2879:
2826:
2753:
2630:
2600:
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2257:
2227:
2154:(in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2nd printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
2126:(in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (4th printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
830:
814:
802:
740:
706:
477:
2816:
824:
620:
537:. The name of the main river in this region is the Nam Mao, also known as the
486:
2274:
14th Conference of the International Association of Historians of Asia (IAHA)
1076:(He has younger brother name's Sam Lung Kung Maing (Sam Lung Hpa) became the
44:
2846:
2836:
2710:
2563:
2195:
1943:
1915:
1207:
Hso Kyang Hpa (Thao Kying Pan) 1929-1940 (uncle of Hso Pa Hpa (Hso Wen Hpa))
1066:
908:
877:
861:
851:
2297:
Witthayasakphan, Sompong and Zhao Hongyun (translators and editors) (2001)
1210:
Fang Hkuea Shang 1940-1942 (Hso Pa Hpa (Hso Wen Hpa)'s another uncle) from
884:
mountain range into Assam in India to established a new kingdom called the
834:(Wade, 1996) which are considered more reliable from the time of the ruler
720:
around 1254. The Yuan ruled the region indirectly in what was known as the
2039:"Crucible of War: Burma and the Ming in the Tai Frontier Zone (1382–1454)"
2778:
2768:
2700:
2660:
2503:
2483:
2473:
2409:
1925:
873:
605:
as his Buddhistic classical name."Kosambi" is also called "Guo-zhan-bi" (
584:
550:
514:
494:
230:
219:
2325:
Crucible of War: Burma and the Ming in the Tai Frontier Zone (1382–1454)
2007:
Bian-zhang-ga. (1990). "Hemeng gumeng: Meng Mao gudai zhuwang shi ." In
2763:
2645:
2635:
2620:
2558:
2553:
2533:
2508:
2469:
2454:
2168:
2062:
2012:
1266:
1211:
1139:
Hso Pim Hpa (Hso Liu Hpa) his nickname is Kyie-poi-pei-ma 1496-1516 son
1081:
835:
795:
777:
668:
594:
518:
498:
403:
249:
206:
153:
94:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
2222:(in Burmese). Vol. 1–3. Yangon: Ministry of Information, Myanmar.
2908:
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2665:
2625:
2615:
2591:
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2568:
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2191:
2117:
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2016:
1917:
Repossessing Shanland: Myanmar, Thailand, and a Nation-State Deferred
1654:
1156:
881:
868:
767:
580:
530:
526:
490:
262:
188:
2301:, Chiang Mai: Silkworm. (Translation of Mong Mao chronicle into the
2188:
The Court Chronicle of the Kings of Manipur: The Cheitharon Kumpapa
701:, was written much later. Some scholars identify Möng Mao with the
2670:
2610:
598:
588:
534:
510:
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399:
395:
184:
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223:
165:
69:
2334:
2059:勐果占璧及勐卯古代诸王史 (Meng guo zhan bi ji meng mao gu dai zhu wang shi)
1072:
Hso Hkan Hpa (Hso Chi Hpa) son of Sao Ai Mo Kang Neng 1220–1250
790:), even though specific place names are almost always used in
25:
2262:
Inscriptions of Pagan, Pinya and Ava: Translation, with Notes
693:
Entry into Ruili, the capital of Mongmao kingdom from Myanmar
1701:(Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 82, 88): Great grandson of Tho Chi Bwa
2289:
Southeast Asia in the Ming Shi-lu: an open access resource
2082:
History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824
2065:: Yunnan Nationalities Publishing House. pp. 1–51.
1904:
Sai Kam Mong, 2004, p. 10, citing Jiang Yingliang, 1983
1747:
Sai Kam Mong, 2004, p. 10, citing Jiang Yingliang, 1983
1186:
Hso Jing Hpa (Hso Hung Hpa) ?-1814 younger brother
414:"World Statesmen.org: Shan and Karenni States of Burma"
1875:
Lak Chang: A Reconstruction of Tai Identity in Daikong
1094:
Sao Xiao Hpa 1284-1285 younger brother of Hso Piam Hpa
854:, who sent his son Hkun Hkam Naw to build the city of
640:
as the name of the administrative division "Luchuan
489:
state that controlled several smaller Tai states or
65:
2809:
2744:
2684:
2587:
2517:
2438:
2372:
2148:(2012) . Myint Swe; Kyaw Win; Thein Hlaing (eds.).
1991:
History of the Shan State: From Its Origins to 1962
1119:
Hso Ching Hpa (Hso Tit Hpa, Sao Lwei) 1396-1415 son
1091:
Hso Kam Hpa (Tai Peong, Tai Piam Hpa) 1283-1284 son
391:
336:
323:
310:
297:
287:
273:
256:
243:
229:
215:
205:
195:
180:
161:
128:
1151:Kan Kyaung Hpa 1611-1646 (son of Hso Hkwa Hpa the
1101:(He established the present of the city located)
712:Möng Mao arose in the power vacuum left after the
533:with a capital near the modern-day border town of
979:Hkam Sap Hpa (Hkam Lap Hpa) son of Hkam Pong Hpa
931:Sao Hkam Sunt 171-217 son of Sao Hkam Möng from
2132:The History and Development of the Shan Scripts
2095:中央民族学院学报 (Journal of Minzu University of China)
1061:He was the one of descendants from Hkun Su the
2299:Phongsawadan Muang Tai (Khreua Muang ku muang)
2009:Meng Guozhanbi ji Meng Mao gudai zhuwang shi .
648:). Some of literature also called Mong Mao as
90:accompanying your translation by providing an
56:Click for important translation instructions.
43:expand this article with text translated from
2346:
610:
566:
458:
16:Shan state and Tusi chiefdom (abolished 1604)
8:
659:In Burmese literature, Möng Mao was called
626:In Chinese literature, Möng Mao was called
2353:
2339:
2331:
2232:The Shan States and the British Annexation
146:
125:
2171:: Yunnan Nationalities Publishing House.
1122:Hso Ween Hpa (Hso Ngan Hpa) 1415-1445 son
1054:Pam Yau Pung (Pam Myo Pung) 1203-1210 son
697:The chronicle of this region, titled the
1971:
1969:
1792:
1768:
1221:
1142:Sao Sai Lung (Hso Hom Hpa) 1516-1533 son
1133:Hso Ham Hpa (Hso Powt Hpa) 1461-1490 son
982:Hkam Sip Hpa (Hkam Suep Hpa) 703-753 bro
973:Ai Dyep That Hpa 638-678 son of Hkun Lai
838:. Bian-zhang-ga (1990), translated into
688:
1852:
1780:
1740:
1672:
1136:Hso Kaa Hpa (Hso Han Hpa) 1490-1496 son
976:Hkam Pong Hpa 678 son of Sao Hkun Kyunt
958:Hso Hang Hpa 394-420 son of Hso Tan Hpa
579:), which means "Great Muang Mao". The "
152:Territory of Mong Mao in the heyday of
2024:International Journal of Asian Studies
1840:
2186:Saroj Nalini Arambam Parratt (2005).
2103:10.15970/j.cnki.1005-8575.1984.03.022
1116:Hso Lung Hpa (Tai Lung) 1346-1396 son
335:
322:
309:
296:
286:
282:
255:
242:
238:
228:
7:
2214:Royal Historical Commission of Burma
2113:, Chengdu: Sichuan Renmin Chubanshe.
1756:
970:Hkun Lai 568-638 from Mongri Mongram
2935:Former countries in Chinese history
1828:
1804:
2955:Former countries in Indian history
1816:
1097:Hso Wak Hpa (Hso Wa Hpa) 1285–1315
14:
1920:. University of Wisconsin Press.
1113:Hso Hkli Hpa (Tai Pong) 1339–1346
375:
30:
2046:SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research
1993:. Chiang Mai: Silk Worm Books.
601:ancient country, Mong Mao used
576:
450:
2037:Fernquest, Jon (Autumn 2006).
2026:, 3, 1 (2006), pp. 21–48.
1057:Sao Ai Mo Kang Neng 1210 -1220
786:
772:
763:
100:You may also add the template
1:
2899:List of rulers of Shan states
2293:http://epress.nus.edu.sg/msl/
2268:: Government Printing, Burma.
2165:Tai Nuea - Chinese Dictionary
2134:, Chiang Mai; Silkworm Books.
1171:Hso Sueng Hpa ?-1699 son
733:Ming–Mong Mao War (1386–1388)
716:in Yunnan fell to the Mongol
1195:Hso Wing Hpa ?-1894 son
735:. In 1448, a combination of
2810:Related states and outliers
2313:(in Chinese) (4): 58–64+57.
2278:Thailand Information Center
2159:孟尊贤 (Meng Zunxian) (2007).
2088:: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.
1180:Hso Yin Hpa ?-1787 son
1042:Sao Hkun Ming 1145-1163 son
1024:Sao Sang Mwun 1081-1096 son
907:Hso Hom Hpa 56BC-24BC from
557:language name, also called
113:Knowledge (XXG):Translation
2971:
1198:Hso Klai Hpa 1894-1928 son
1088:Hso Piam Hpa 1250-1283 son
1051:Sao Tai Lung 1188-1203 son
1045:Sao Hkun Kum 1163-1171 son
1036:Sao Lung Chu 1123-1137 bro
1033:Sao Sein Nga 1112-1123 son
1027:Sao Sang Yaw 1096-1103 son
1021:Hso Lung Hpa 1062-1081 son
876:had to evacuated from the
743:, and other allied forces
327:Luchuan–Pingmian campaigns
64:Machine translation, like
18:
2889:
2097:(in Chinese) (3): 85–89.
2019:, Yunnan Minzu Chubanshe.
1914:Jane M. Ferguson (2021).
1174:Hso Bin Hpa 1699-1726 son
1048:Sao Tai Pum 1171-1188 son
1039:Sao Nga Chu 1137-1145 son
1030:Hso Tai Hpa 1103-1112 bro
1018:Hso Tai Hpa 1050-1062 son
961:Hso Hkuan Hpa 420-470 son
925:Hso Pung Mung 125-158 son
781:
653:
645:
631:
616:
476:
468:
409:
350:
346:
283:
269:
239:
145:
140:
45:the corresponding article
2930:Former countries in Asia
2287:Wade, Geoff. tr. (2005)
1201:Hso An Hpa 1928-1929 son
1189:Hso Lueng Hpa 1814-? son
1000:Hso Powt Hpa 933-960 son
997:Hso Htao Hpa 901-933 son
991:Hso Hkai Hpa 834-863 son
988:Sao Hkun Hpa 793-834 son
985:Ni Hpa Maung 753-793 son
964:Hso Huan Hpa 470-506 son
949:Hso Kawn Hpa 335-346 bro
946:Hso Kert Hpa 314-335 bro
943:Hso Kern Hpa 294-314 son
937:Sao Sam Myat 217-263 son
913:Hso Loum Hpa 24BC-16 bro
810:" on most maps today)"
21:Mengmao (disambiguation)
2688:Kengtung & Yawnghwe
2141:39/2, pp. 162–203.
2109:Jiang Yingliang (1983)
2011:Gong Xiao Zheng. (tr.)
1558:Sa Ki Pha, Chau Si Pha
1371:brother of Zhao Bingfa
1177:Hso Kyue Hpa 1726-? son
1162:Hso Luan Hpa 1646-? son
1015:Hkun Kwat Hpa 1035–1050
1006:Hso Hon Hpa 983-995 son
1003:Hso Won Hpa 960-983 son
994:Hso Han Hpa 863-901 son
955:Hso Kaw Hpa 372-394 bro
952:Hso Tan Hpa 346-372 son
940:Hso Mya Hpa 263-294 son
922:Hso Guen Hpa 75-125 son
729:Ming conquest of Yunnan
722:Native Chieftain System
611:
567:
525:principally set in the
459:
111:For more guidance, see
2161:傣汉词典 (Dai han ci dian)
1989:Aung Tun, Sai (2009).
1183:Hso Wan Hpa 1787-? son
919:Hso Tawn Hpa 37-75 son
694:
338:• Disestablished
2894:Federated Shan states
2130:Kam Mong, Sai (2004)
2080:G. E. Harvey (1925).
1148:Sao Poreing 1604–1611
1012:Hso Lip Hpa 1014–1035
916:Hso Wei Hpa 16-37 son
692:
634:), first recorded in
314:Dao Ganmeng rebellion
196:Common languages
84:copyright attribution
2685:Southern Shan States
2588:Southern Shan States
2518:Southern Shan States
2439:Southern Shan States
2373:Northern Shan States
2228:Saimong Mangrai, Sao
2167:] (in Chinese).
1926:10.2307/j.ctv2175gx5
1886:Daniels, 2006, p. 28
1793:Gong & Yang 1988
1769:Gong & Yang 1988
1692:in the 15th century.
1434:grandson of Si Kefa
1105:Ai Puk 1315-1330 son
1009:Hso Hau Hpa 995–1014
671:literature, such as
371:First Toungoo Empire
102:{{Translated|zh|孟卯}}
19:For other uses, see
2832:Siamese Shan States
2746:Chinese Shan States
1723:of Mohnyin by King
1126:Vacant 1445–1448
1109:Vacant 1330–1339
745:subjugated Möng Mao
681:refer to Mong Mao.
619:) in Ruili, modern
445::𑜉𑜢𑜤𑜂𑜫𑜉𑜧𑜨,
412:Ben Cahoon (2000).
289:• Established
2327:, by Jon Fernquest
2240:Cornell University
1975:Fernquest 2006: 36
1963:Aung Tun 2009: 103
699:Möng Mao Chronicle
695:
674:Cheitharol Kumbaba
591:(ᥝᥥᥒᥰ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥛᥣᥝᥰ).
92:interlanguage link
2917:
2916:
2178:978-7-5367-3790-7
2029:Elias, N. (1876)
2000:978-974-9511-43-5
1935:978-0-299-33300-3
1873:Yos Santasombat,
1855:, pp. 29, 41
1725:Narapati I of Ava
1664:
1663:
1168:Hso Kyoen Hpa son
1165:Hso Kying Hpa son
856:Oung Pawng-Hsipaw
828:(Wade, 2005) and
523:Arunachal Pradesh
429:
428:
387:
386:
383:
382:
301:Ming-Mong Mao War
258:• 1500–1533
245:• 1335–1365
124:
123:
57:
53:
2962:
2822:Singaling Hkamti
2521:Central Division
2442:Eastern Division
2355:
2348:
2341:
2332:
2314:
2284:Central Library)
2269:
2253:
2236:Ithaca, New York
2223:
2209:
2182:
2155:
2127:
2106:
2089:
2076:
2053:
2043:
2004:
1976:
1973:
1964:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1911:
1905:
1902:
1896:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1878:
1871:
1865:
1862:
1856:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1831:, pp. 38–39
1826:
1820:
1814:
1808:
1802:
1796:
1790:
1784:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1748:
1745:
1728:
1717:
1711:
1708:
1702:
1699:
1693:
1686:
1680:
1677:
1519:Tho Ngan Bwa II
1222:
1218:List of Monarchs
1192:Hso Suan Hpa son
1145:Vacant 1533–1604
900:located nearby.
896:, Mongkawng and
822:sources such as
788:
783:
774:
765:
752:Luchuan-Pingmian
655:
647:
644:" (Chinese:
633:
618:
614:
578:
570:
505:, the states of
485:, was an ethnic
480:
470:
462:
452:
424:
422:
420:
379:
378:
367:
366:
352:
351:
278:Late Middle Ages
150:
135:
126:
103:
97:
70:Google Translate
55:
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1244:Tai Lông (Shan)
1220:
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714:Kingdom of Dali
703:Kingdom of Pong
687:
615:, Chinese:
577:မိူင်းမၢဝ်းလူင်
547:
507:Northeast India
497:of what is now
434:, also spelled
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52:(February 2021)
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2061:(in Chinese).
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1509:သိူဝ်ဝဵၼ်းၾႃႉ
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967:Vacant 506–568
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928:Vacant 158–171
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911:
847:
844:
784:; pinyin:
780:(Chinese:
686:
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652:(Chinese:
630:(Chinese:
568:ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥛᥣᥝᥰ ᥘᥨᥒᥴ
546:
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535:Ruili/Meng Mao
491:chieftainships
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2282:Chulalongkorn
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1555:သိုကျိန်ဘွား
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1537:
1532:
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1524:Hso Ngan Pha
1523:
1518:
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1515:ᥔᥫᥴ ᥝᥥᥢᥰ ᥜᥣᥳ
1512:
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1456:Hsö-Long-Hpa
1455:
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1448:
1447:ᥔᥫᥴ ᥘᥨᥒᥴ ᥜᥣᥳ
1445:Se-Loong-Faa
1444:
1442:
1441:သိူဝ်လူင်ၾႃႉ
1438:
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1433:
1430:
1427:
1422:
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1417:
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1406:သိူဝ်ဝၵ်ႉၾႃႉ
1403:
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1301:Hsö-Khan-Pha
1300:
1295:
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1292:ᥔᥫᥴ ᥑᥣᥢᥱ ᥜᥣᥳ
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677:use the name
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559:Möng Mao Lông
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200:Tai languages
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187:(present-day
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156:period (1360)
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77:
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63:
61:
60:
54:
48:
46:
41:You can help
37:
28:
27:
22:
2687:
2590:
2520:
2450:Kehsi Mansam
2441:
2400:South Hsenwi
2395:North Hsenwi
2380:Hsenwi State
2364:and related
2310:
2298:
2288:
2273:
2261:
2231:
2217:
2187:
2164:
2160:
2151:Yazawin Thit
2149:
2138:
2131:
2123:Maha Yazawin
2121:
2110:
2094:
2081:
2058:
2049:
2045:
2030:
2023:
2008:
1990:
1983:Bibliography
1959:
1947:. Retrieved
1944:j.ctv2175gx5
1916:
1909:
1900:
1891:
1882:
1874:
1869:
1860:
1853:Parratt 2005
1848:
1836:
1824:
1819:, p. 86
1812:
1807:, p. 58
1800:
1788:
1783:, p. 37
1781:Mangrai 1965
1776:
1764:
1752:
1743:
1720:
1715:
1706:
1697:
1689:
1684:
1675:
1640:1500s?–1533
1606:Tho Han Bwa
1593:1465?–1479?
1583:သိုပုတ်ဘွား
1581:Tho Bok Bwa
1528:Hsö-Wen-Pha
1526:Sa Ngam Pha
1514:
1513:Se-Ween-Faa
1508:
1495:1413–1445/6
1446:
1440:
1439:Sua-Lông-Fā
1418:Hsö-Wak-Pha
1412:ᥔᥫᥴ ᥝᥐᥳ ᥜᥣᥳ
1411:
1405:
1298:သိုချည်ဘွား
1296:Tho Chi Bwa
1291:
1290:Se-Xaan-Faa
1285:
1284:Sua-Khān-Fā
1261:Other names
1157:Wanmaw state
1152:
1125:
1108:
1100:
1077:
1075:
1062:
1060:
902:
890:
886:Ahom Kingdom
866:
859:
849:
829:
823:
820:Ming dynasty
812:
800:
785:
771:
751:
749:
741:Sipsongpanna
726:
718:Yuan Dynasty
711:
698:
696:
672:
664:
660:
658:
649:
635:
627:
625:
612:ᥐᥨᥝᥰ ᥓᥛᥱ ᥙᥤᥱ
602:
593:
558:
549:Möng Mao is
548:
539:Shweli River
482:
438:
435:
431:
430:
417:. Retrieved
358:Succeeded by
357:
263:Hso Lung Hpa
88:edit summary
79:
50:
42:
2950:Shan States
2940:Tai history
2880:Kantarawadi
2827:Hkamti Long
2754:Chiang Hung
2601:Hsamonghkam
2362:Shan States
2258:Taw Sein Ko
1841:Harvey 1925
1795:, p. 1
1771:, p. 6
1608:သိုဟန်ဘွား
1507:Sua-Wen-Fā
1410:Se-Vak-Faa
1404:Sua-Wak-Fā
1360:Zhao Xiaofa
1306:Zhao Bingfa
1237:Succession
874:Hso Kaa Hpa
831:Baiyi Zhuan
483:Mao Kingdom
451:မိူင်းမၢဝ်း
224:tusi system
2924:Categories
2817:Hsawnghsup
2791:Mong-Santa
2146:Maha Sithu
2111:Daizu Shi
1895:Wade, 2005
1735:References
1590:Si Hongfa
1521:သိုငံဘွား
1477:abdicated
1468:1404–1413
1453:သိုငံဘွား
1428:1382–1399
1311:1371–1378
1273:1340–1371
1212:Mong Hkawn
825:Ming Shilu
756:Muang Yang
727:After the
621:Dai people
589:Ruili City
529:region of
493:along the
306:1380 –1388
216:Government
207:Demonym(s)
47:in Chinese
2847:Mongkawng
2837:Wa States
2726:Hsenmawng
2716:Mongyawng
2711:Kengcheng
2564:Nawngwawn
2489:Mongnawng
2460:Kengtawng
2430:Tawngpeng
2216:(2003) .
2196:Routledge
2120:(2006) .
1757:Meng 2007
1647:murdered
1615:Si Lufa?
1546:executed
1538:1445/6–?
1504:executed
1498:29 years
1462:Si Xingfa
1431:17 years
1401:murdered
1374:murdered
1347:murdered
1276:31 years
1082:Möngkawng
1067:Nawng Hsè
909:Nawng Hsè
903:Saophas:
878:Koshanpye
862:Koshanpye
852:Nawng Hsè
798:sources.
667:. In the
481:) or the
469:မိုင်းမော
460:ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥛᥣᥝᥰ
432:Muang Mao
332:1436–1449
319:1397–1398
252:( first )
141:1256–1604
106:talk page
2852:Mongyang
2801:Mong-Yin
2796:Mangshih
2779:Mong Mao
2769:Mong Lem
2731:Monghsat
2721:Hsenyawt
2701:Yawnghwe
2696:Kengtung
2661:Pangtara
2549:Mongping
2544:Lawksawk
2504:Mongpawn
2484:Kenghkam
2479:Mongkung
2474:Mongsang
2425:Mongtung
2420:Monglong
2415:Mongleng
2405:Hsumhsai
2260:(1899).
2230:(1965).
1949:18 March
1877:, p. 3-4
1829:Taw 1899
1805:You 1987
1618:1482?–?
1501:brother
1490:Si Renfa
1471:9 years
1423:Si Lunfa
1398:brother
1365:1379/80
1338:1378/79
1333:Tai Bian
1320:natural
1314:8 years
1281:natural
773:Mèngyǎng
754:(麓川平緬),
665:Maw Shan
607:Tai Nuea
563:Tai Nuea
551:Tai Nuea
515:Nagaland
495:frontier
455:Tai Nuea
265:( last )
231:Chao Pha
220:Monarchy
82:provide
2785:Mengmao
2774:Mong-La
2759:Hsikwan
2706:Hsihkip
2651:Namhkom
2646:Namhkai
2636:Mawnang
2621:Loilong
2606:Kyawkku
2559:Namhkok
2554:Mongpai
2534:Hsatung
2509:Mongsit
2499:Mongpan
2494:Mongnai
2470:Monghsu
2465:Mawkmai
2455:Kenglon
2410:Manglon
2385:Mongmit
2266:Rangoon
2169:Kunming
2118:Kala, U
2063:Kunming
2013:Kunming
1817:Hu 1984
1637:Si Lun
1568:1449–?
1563:Si Bufa
1533:Si Jifa
1387:Si Wafa
1368:1 year
1341:1 year
1267:Si Kefa
1256:Burmese
1250:Tai Nua
1234:Length
1226:Chinese
894:Mongmit
882:Pad Kai
846:Saophas
836:Si Kefa
796:Burmese
776:), and
760:Chinese
707:Tai Yai
685:History
669:Manipur
642:Circuit
637:Yuanshi
628:Luchuan
603:Kosambi
597:was an
595:Kosambi
519:Manipur
499:Myanmar
473:Chinese
465:Burmese
404:Myanmar
325:•
312:•
299:•
250:Si Kefa
211:Tai-Mao
181:Capital
176:dynasty
154:Si Kefa
104:to the
86:in the
49:.
2909:Saopha
2867:Wuntho
2862:Wanmaw
2842:Kokang
2764:Momien
2736:Mongpu
2676:Yengan
2666:Pangmi
2656:Namtok
2641:Mawson
2626:Loimaw
2616:Loi ai
2579:Wanyin
2539:Laihka
2529:Hopong
2390:Hsipaw
2246:
2202:
2192:London
2175:
2086:London
2069:
2017:Yunnan
1997:
1942:
1932:
1721:sawbwa
1690:sawbwa
1655:Sawlon
1240:Death
1231:Years
1153:saopha
1078:saopha
1063:saopha
933:Hsipaw
898:Bammaw
808:Shweli
787:Mùbāng
778:Hsenwi
770::
768:pinyin
762::
609::
599:Indian
565::
531:Yunnan
527:Dehong
475::
457::
419:7 July
235:
189:Yunnan
168:under
162:Status
2671:Poila
2611:Kyong
2574:Samka
2569:Sakoi
2163:[
2042:(PDF)
1940:JSTOR
1667:Notes
1658:စလုံ
1258:name
1252:Name
1246:Name
1228:name
650:Baiyi
545:Names
511:Assam
503:China
400:India
396:China
185:Ruili
66:DeepL
2857:Pong
2244:ISBN
2200:ISBN
2173:ISBN
2067:ISBN
2052:(2).
1995:ISBN
1951:2023
1930:ISBN
1565:思卜發
1543:son
1535:思機發
1492:思任發
1474:son
1465:思行發
1425:思倫發
1389:思瓦發
1362:昭肖發
1344:son
1317:son
1308:昭併發
1270:思可法
1084:)
869:Mong
840:Thai
815:Shan
803:Shan
794:and
792:Ming
737:Ming
679:Pong
585:Chao
581:Möng
573:Shan
555:Shan
553:and
521:and
447:Shan
443:Ahom
436:Möng
421:2014
342:1604
293:1256
174:Ming
172:and
170:Yuan
80:must
78:You
2631:Maw
2280:at
2099:doi
1922:doi
1335:臺扁
1155:of
1080:of
1065:of
663:or
661:Maw
646:麓川路
617:果占璧
509:of
487:Dai
439:Mao
68:or
2926::
2264:.
2242:.
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2194::
2190:.
2084:.
2048:.
2044:.
2015:,
1968:^
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1928:.
1395:?
1392:?
888:.
864:.
782:木邦
766:;
764:孟養
747:.
739:,
654:百夷
632:麓川
575::
571:;
541:.
517:,
513:,
501:,
478:勐卯
471:;
467::
463:;
453:;
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2208:.
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2105:.
2101::
2075:.
2050:4
2003:.
1953:.
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