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314:-directed revival in 2017, Hwang revisited the text to incorporate further information that had emerged about the Boursicot case, and address intersectional identities. Taymor and Hwang wanted their new approach to consider “present public discussion and awareness of nonbinary genders, the growth of China as a superpower, and details about the true story. . . which were not available to Hwang when he wrote the first version.”
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saying that
Gallimard "falls in love, not with a person, but an imagined stereotype. His Chinese lover, Song Liling, encourages this stereotype, playing the role of the Oriental woman as demure and submissive. Gallimard, who had thought of himself as the macho Pinkerton, husband of the beautiful and
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One reviewer said “in this incarnation, we’re not being seduced, but preached at.” Another said it “was neither a critical nor a popular success… an important, timely, and productive reconsideration of the play and its story in light of new acceptances of gender fluidity and the changing balance of
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The first act introduces the main character, René Gallimard, a civil servant attached to the French embassy in China. In a prison, Gallimard is serving a sentence for treason. Through a series of flashbacks and imagined conversations, Gallimard tells an audience his story about a woman that he loved
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Ilka Saal writes: “The playwright uses the figure of the transvestite to lay bare the construction and performativity of gender and culture. Yet he stops short of questioning compulsory heterosexuality at its base, and thereby fails to use queer desire in order to open up interstices, categories of
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In act three, Song reveals himself to the audience as a man, without makeup and dressed in men's clothing. Gallimard claims he only loved the idea of
Butterfly, never Song himself. Gallimard throws Song and his clothing off the stage, but holds onto Butterfly's kimono. In scene three, the setting
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Hwang talked to several people with nonconforming gender identities to get better insight into the character of Song, but he ultimately stressed that the character is not transgender. “He recognized how Song might be differently received by a modern audience more savvy about the wide spectrum of
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In a 2014 review for the Windy City Times, Jonathan
Abarbanel states that Song Liling “may be gay but it's a secondary point raised only as a way by which Chinese government agents can control him. As an exploration of sexuality, it's about the Divine Androgyne who Song Liling may recognize and
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It is revealed in act 2 that Song had been acting as a spy for the
Chinese government, and she is actually a man who has disguised himself as a woman to seduce Gallimard and extract information from him. They stay together for 20 years until the truth is revealed, and Gallimard is convicted of
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In an article for Pride Source, Pruett and Beer state: “Gallimard is a man who thinks he is heterosexual, but is in fact a practicing homosexual for 20 years. Song takes on the role of a woman, but always self-identifies as a gay man, not a transgendered person.”
415:, with a libretto by Hwang. The leads were played by Mark Stone and Kangmin Justin Kim. One reviewer expressed mixed feelings about the performance, questioning the longevity and adaptability of M. Butterfly in a world of continuously evolving attitudes.
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treason and imprisoned. Unable to face the fact that his "perfect woman" is a man, he retreats deep within himself and his memories. The action of the play is depicted as his disordered, distorted recollection of the events surrounding their affair.
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The
Washington Blade refers to Gallimard as “a gay man who couldn’t be himself. He had to mask behind male bravado, cultural and religious dicta, and diplomatic constraints. But he was willing to overlook and deny everything in pursuit of love.”
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issues.” Regarding the long-debated questions of Song and
Gallimard’s intimate relations, another reviewer said “Song’s defiant explanation to an over-curious French judge struck me as Hwang wanting to put an end to the prying once and for all.”
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were actually played by men, as women were banned from the stage. The first act ends with
Gallimard returning to France in shame and living alone after he asks his wife, Helga, for a divorce, admitting to her that he's had a mistress.
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In an interview with David Henry Hwang, the playwright states: “The lines between gay and straight become very blurred in this play, but I think he knows he's having an affair with a man. Therefore, on some level he is gay.”
361:, Lucas Verbrugghe and Jake Manabat performed as leads. One reviewer said the story “has taken on new resonance in an era shaped by the MeToo movement, China’s geopolitical might and a more widespread understanding of
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played
Gallimard at various times during the original run. Alec Mapa was also B.D. Wong's understudy and was eventually cast to replace B. D. Wong for the role of Song Liling in the Broadway production of play.
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It is published by Plume and in an acting edition by
Dramatists Play Service. An audio recording of the play was produced by L.A. Theatre Works, with Lithgow and Wong reprising their Broadway roles along with
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fragile
Butterfly." KBPS described the latter as an inversion of the former: "here, it is the Occidental man who becomes the Butterfly: submissive, easily trapped, and ultimately destroyed."
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returns to Gallimard's prison cell, as he puts on makeup and Butterfly's wig and kimono. Then he stabs himself, committing suicide just as Butterfly does in the opera.
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280:. David Henry Hwang made changes to the original text for the revival, mostly centering on the issue of intersectional identities, but also for clarifications.
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Hwang noted in an interview that the surprise reveal that Song Liling is actually a man no longer carried the shock value it did in 1988, especially after
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Song Liling initially presents as male to Gallimard, only to claim to be physically female but made to dress up as a man by her parents.
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and lost. He falls in love with a beautiful Chinese opera singer, Song Liling. Gallimard is unaware that all female roles in traditional
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that "this production does not explore any foray into non-binary or transgender identities, which is perhaps its one major flaw."
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Saal, Ilka (1998). "Performance and Perception: Gender, Sexuality, and Culture in David Henry Hwang's 'M. Butterfly".
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Act 1 ends with Song telling Gallimard that she is pregnant (this moment originally occurred during Act 2).
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star as Song; he also sang two of Butterfly's arias live during the show. This production was directed by
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Further information on how Song Liling managed to mislead Gallimard even while they were intimate.
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exploit, and which Gallimard certainly recognizes and embraces in the play's closing moments.”
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on March 20, 1988, and closed after 777 performances on January 27, 1990. It was produced by
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1249:"Review: David Henry Hwang's 'M. butterfly' takes flight in a more gender-fluid era"
1032:"Clive Owen-Led Revival of David Henry Hwang's M. Butterfly Finds Its Broadway Home"
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1509:"This 30-Year-Old Play About Gender And Asian Identity Is More Relevant Than Ever"
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called it "a mess, intellectually speaking" but also "very well worth seeing".
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1223:"'M. butterfly' flies a little differently 30 years after its creation"
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Christian Lewis, when writing about the 2017 revival, wrote in the
1459:"THEATER REVIEW M. Butterfly - Gay Lesbian Bi Trans News Archive"
1423:
Young, Harvey (May 2016). "An Interview with David Henry Hwang".
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1398:"A 'Butterfly' That Hovers Over The Issues of Racism, Sexism"
1158:"Review: 'M. butterfly returns to Broadway on heavier wings"
1006:"Clive Owen Will Return to Broadway in M. Butterfly Revival"
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used the 2017 revival as its source material. Directed by
1315:"Review: 'M. Butterfly' metamorphoses again, as an opera"
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A Paris prison, 1988; recollections of Beijing and Paris
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A Broadway revival opened on October 26, 2017, at the
930:"Erik Kurmangaliev (Counter-tenor) – Short Biography"
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411:. It was directed by James Robinson and composed by
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829:'M. Butterfly': With an Afterword by the Playwright
380:Hwang adapted the play for a 1993 film directed by
132:. The story, while entwined with that of the opera
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1562:"'M. Butterfly' layers on levels of self-delusion"
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468:'thirdness,' in this tight homophobic structure.”
3549:The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time
2867:The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time
1488:Washington Blade: Gay News, Politics, LGBT Rights
1376:"'M. Butterfly' at North Coast Repertory Theatre"
268:, with previews beginning on October 7. Starring
553:Best Performance by a Featured Actor in a Play
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538:Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Play
400:In July 2022, an opera adaptation ran at the
227:A highly unusual abstract staging, featuring
158:for Best Play. In addition to this, it was a
8:
3274:The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby
1612:playbillvault.com, accessed October 11, 2015
1184:"M. Butterfly by David Henry Hwang (review)"
1119:"M. Butterfly by David Henry Hwang (review)"
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334:used the same tactic only a few years later.
1298:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
339:The play is changed to a two-act structure.
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404:after being delayed for two years by the
3362:Angels in America: Millennium Approaches
2674:Angels in America: Millennium Approaches
177:, Washington, DC, on February 10, 1988.
919:pulitzer.org, accessed October 11, 2015
820:
1587:""M. Butterfly" Surprisingly Relevant"
1291:
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235:intermixed with French pop music, had
3151:Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead
2447:Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Play
2225:Le ménage moderne du Madame Butterfly
306:Changes for the 2017 Broadway revival
220:The play was a 1989 finalist for the
7:
2177:
1610:"'M. Butterfly' Production Broadway"
1055:Collins-Hughes, Laura (2017-10-17).
656:Outstanding Featured Actor in a Play
253:, Russia and ran from 1990 to 1992.
3533:Vanya and Sonia and Masha and Spike
2851:Vanya and Sonia and Masha and Spike
180:The play opened on Broadway at the
1057:"New Flight for a New 'Butterfly'"
350:power between Asia and the West.”
14:
3573:Harry Potter and the Cursed Child
1535:Amerikastudien / American Studies
276:, the production was directed by
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1344:"Asia's two butterfly syndromes"
1156:Brantley, B. (27 October 2017).
1093:"M. Butterfly from 1988 to 2017"
1091:Gushue, Jen (28 November 2017).
827:Hwang, David Henry. "Foreword",
3111:Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?
3039:The Teahouse of the August Moon
1985:The Lost Empire/The Monkey King
1585:Lewis, Christian (2017-10-26).
1560:Staff, B. T. L. (10 May 2012).
1004:Viagas, Robert (Jan 30, 2017).
874:Rich, Frank (21 March 1988). .
447:Relevance to the LGBT community
3662:Plays about race and ethnicity
3657:Drama Desk Award-winning plays
3370:Angels in America: Perestroika
2916:Prayer for the French Republic
2682:Angels in America: Perestroika
2586:"Master Harold"...and the Boys
1920:Jade Flowerpots and Bound Feet
1864:The House of Sleeping Beauties
1030:Lefkowitz, Andy (2017-06-19).
955:"Dramatists Play Service, Inc"
787:Most Promising Male Performer
750:New York Drama Critics' Circle
723:Outstanding Debut Performance
715:Outstanding New Broadway Play
671:Outstanding Director of a Play
150:singer. The play premiered on
97:East/West cultural stereotypes
16:1988 play by David Henry Hwang
1:
3063:Long Day's Journey into Night
3682:Cross-dressing in literature
799:
488:Original Broadway production
3445:The Goat, or Who Is Sylvia?
2757:The Goat, or Who Is Sylvia?
2714:The Beauty Queen of Leenane
1247:McNulty, C. (20 May 2019).
1221:Hodgins, P. (20 May 2019).
641:Outstanding Actor in a Play
3708:
3652:Plays by David Henry Hwang
3394:The Last Night of Ballyhoo
2020:1000 Airplanes on the Roof
1856:The Dance and the Railroad
1690:Internet Broadway Database
1685:M. Butterfly
1273:sagg928 (1 October 1993).
711:Outer Critics Circle Award
701:Outstanding Costume Design
373:
18:
3687:Plays adapted into operas
3378:Love! Valour! Compassion!
2690:Love! Valour! Compassion!
2413:
2172:
1815:Tibet Through the Red Box
1437:10.1017/S0040557416000077
1313:Allen, D. (August 2022).
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154:in 1988 and won the 1988
3672:Tony Award-winning plays
3258:Children of a Lesser God
3191:That Championship Season
2976:Tony Award for Best Play
2570:Children of a Lesser God
2100:Dream of the Red Chamber
1896:Trying to Find Chinatown
1484:"Gender-bending romance"
804:Pulitzer Prize for Drama
568:Best Direction of a Play
496:
222:Pulitzer Prize for Drama
160:Pulitzer Prize for Drama
3055:The Diary of Anne Frank
783:Clarence Derwent Awards
353:The 2019 production at
2706:How I Learned to Drive
2481:The Merchant of Venice
1182:Orenstein, C. (2018).
1117:Orenstein, C. (2018).
686:Outstanding Set Design
483:Awards and nominations
392:in the leading roles.
182:Eugene O'Neill Theatre
3127:The Subject Was Roses
3103:A Man for All Seasons
3071:Sunrise at Campobello
1275:"M. Butterfly (1993)"
1200:10.1353/atj.2018.0044
1188:Asian Theatre Journal
1135:10.1353/atj.2018.0044
1123:Asian Theatre Journal
980:"Catalog | LATW"
848:The Broadway League.
355:South Coast Repertory
3493:August: Osage County
3330:The Heidi Chronicles
3159:The Great White Hope
2811:August: Osage County
2642:The Heidi Chronicles
2507:Same Time, Next Year
2502:No Award (1957–1974)
2463:The Way of the World
2278:" (1898 short story)
2068:The Sound of a Voice
1872:The Sound of a Voice
1662:United States portal
1380:KPBS On Air Magazine
626:Outstanding New Play
608:Best Lighting Design
402:Santa Fe Opera House
3485:The Coast of Utopia
3354:Dancing at Lughnasa
3338:The Grapes of Wrath
3047:The Desperate Hours
2999:Death of a Salesman
2803:The Coast of Utopia
2363:Madame Chrysanthème
2291:Madame Chrysanthème
2233:The Toll of the Sea
2108:An American Soldier
2084:Alice in Wonderland
768:Theatre World Award
736:John Gassner Award
598:Best Costume Design
464:gender identity.”
376:M. Butterfly (film)
21:M. Butterfly (film)
3677:Plays set in China
3667:LGBT-related plays
3597:The Lehman Trilogy
3282:Torch Song Trilogy
3087:The Miracle Worker
3007:The Cocktail Party
2594:Torch Song Trilogy
2379:El pecado de Oyuki
2371:El pecado de Oyuki
2337:Un bel dì, vedremo
1936:A Very DNA Reunion
1928:The Great Helmsman
1515:. 10 November 2017
1403:The New York Times
1319:The New York Times
1162:The New York Times
1061:The New York Times
876:The New York Times
583:Best Scenic Design
162:finalist in 1989.
19:For the film, see
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3623:
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3306:I'm Not Rappaport
2942:
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2618:A Lie of the Mind
2546:Otherwise Engaged
2496:The Iceman Cometh
2469:Thieves' Carnival
2397:
2396:
2382:(1988 telenovela)
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1880:As the Crow Flies
1751:Full-length plays
1744:David Henry Hwang
1396:(10 April 1988).
1253:Los Angeles Times
934:bach-cantatas.com
831:, Penguin, 1993,
812:
811:
758:David Henry Hwang
740:David Henry Hwang
631:David Henry Hwang
528:David Henry Hwang
243:Erik Kurmangaliev
196:as Gallimard and
173:premiered at the
140:Bernard Boursicot
130:David Henry Hwang
117:
116:
86:Original language
67:February 10, 1988
38:David Henry Hwang
3699:
3692:Madama Butterfly
3477:The History Boys
3469:Doubt: A Parable
3461:I Am My Own Wife
3250:The Elephant Man
3183:Sticks and Bones
2969:
2962:
2955:
2946:
2795:The History Boys
2787:Doubt: A Parable
2779:I Am My Own Wife
2650:The Piano Lesson
2562:The Elephant Man
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2417:
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2344:Madama Butterfly
2283:Madame Butterfly
2276:Madame Butterfly
2249:Madame Butterfly
2241:Madame Butterfly
2209:Madame Butterfly
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2165:Madama Butterfly
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2052:Flower Drum Song
2036:The Silver River
1767:Family Devotions
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1463:Windy City Times
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1412:on May 25, 2015.
1411:
1406:. Archived from
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917:"Finalists 1989"
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621:Drama Desk Award
494:
429:Madame Butterfly
396:Opera adaptation
382:David Cronenberg
359:Desdemona Chiang
233:Madame Butterfly
200:as Song Liling.
188:and directed by
175:National Theatre
135:Madama Butterfly
80:Washington, D.C.
76:National Theatre
59:Renee and others
26:
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3619:
3589:The Inheritance
3424:
3346:Lost in Yonkers
3213:
3199:The River Niger
3015:The Rose Tattoo
2978:
2973:
2943:
2938:
2911:No Award (2021)
2905:The Inheritance
2736:
2658:Lost in Yonkers
2540:A Texas Trilogy
2519:
2487:The White Devil
2460:
2449:
2444:
2409:
2398:
2393:
2350:
2324:
2297:
2263:
2196:
2168:
2160:Giacomo Puccini
2157:
2127:
2122:
2007:
1953:Film/television
1948:
1843:
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500:Award ceremony
490:
485:
477:Huffington Post
449:
421:
398:
378:
372:
370:Film adaptation
363:gender identity
331:The Crying Game
318:Changes include
308:
286:
214:John Rubinstein
206:Anthony Hopkins
168:
72:Place premiered
58:
56:
54:
52:
50:
48:
47:Rene Gallimard
24:
17:
12:
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5:
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3647:Broadway plays
3644:
3634:
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3593:
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3525:Clybourne Park
3521:
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3501:God of Carnage
3497:
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3290:The Real Thing
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3254:
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3234:The Shadow Box
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3203:
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3143:The Homecoming
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2602:The Real Thing
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2321:(1989 musical)
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1775:Rich Relations
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1634:Theatre portal
1621:
1620:External links
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1577:
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1541:(4): 629–644.
1525:
1500:
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1431:(2): 232–237.
1425:Theatre Survey
1415:
1385:
1382:. August 1993.
1367:
1342:(4 May 2005).
1331:
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1194:(2): 490-495.
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959:dramatists.com
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2666:Marvin's Room
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2475:Twelfth Night
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2012:Music theatre
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1513:BuzzFeed News
1510:
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1465:. 28 May 2014
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1356:on 4 May 2005
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646:John Lithgow
588:Eiko Ishioka
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57:Comrade Chin
29:M. Butterfly
3541:All the Way
3453:Take Me Out
3167:Borstal Boy
2859:All the Way
2771:Take Me Out
2405:Awards for
2346:discography
2318:Miss Saigon
2313:(1988 play)
2286:(1900 play)
2220:(1919 film)
1977:Golden Gate
1848:Short plays
1823:Yellow Face
1394:Gross, John
1227:Voice of OC
1167:October 27,
676:John Dexter
573:John Dexter
424:Subhash Kak
202:David Dukes
190:John Dexter
166:Productions
49:Song Liling
3642:1988 plays
3636:Categories
3557:The Humans
3418:Copenhagen
3226:Travesties
3135:Marat/Sade
2890:Admissions
2875:The Humans
2730:Copenhagen
2116:Soft Power
2028:The Voyage
2001:The Affair
1993:Possession
1791:Face Value
1596:2019-12-11
1571:2019-12-11
1519:2019-12-11
1494:2019-12-11
1469:2019-12-11
1360:24 October
1349:Asia Times
1102:13 January
1074:2017-12-05
1041:2017-06-19
900:|url=
837:1101077034
815:References
762:Nominated
754:Best Play
705:Nominated
695:Nominated
650:Nominated
615:Nominated
602:Nominated
592:Nominated
547:Nominated
518:Tony Award
441:John Gross
270:Clive Owen
156:Tony Award
144:Shi Pei Pu
44:Characters
34:Written by
3592:(2020/21)
3517:War Horse
3218:1976–2000
2983:1948–1975
2835:War Horse
2532:Streamers
2524:1976–2000
2454:1955–1975
2387:Pinkerton
2060:Ainadamar
1831:Chinglish
1807:Peer Gynt
1742:Works by
1445:163905085
1324:April 24,
1208:165339503
1143:165339503
1097:HowlRound
1069:0362-4331
891:cite news
808:Finalist
523:Best Play
503:Category
432:and 1988
419:Reception
413:Huang Ruo
390:John Lone
231:'s opera
55:M. Toulon
3410:Side Man
2339:" (aria)
2217:Harakiri
1904:Bang Kok
1591:HuffPost
1547:41157422
1294:cite web
1010:Playbill
984:latw.org
854:ibdb.com
506:Nominee
409:pandemic
406:COVID-19
310:For the
152:Broadway
3266:Amadeus
2578:Amadeus
2355:Related
2182:Commons
2092:The Fly
1888:Bondage
1838:Kung Fu
1688:at the
1284:30 July
1258:May 20,
1232:July 8,
1015:Feb 11,
989:Feb 11,
964:30 July
939:30 July
902:value (
859:30 July
791:BD Wong
773:BD Wong
727:BD Wong
661:BD Wong
558:BD Wong
509:Result
229:Puccini
198:BD Wong
110:Setting
94:Subject
89:English
3616:(2024)
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3402:'Art'
3207:Equus
2749:Proof
2610:As Is
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2329:Music
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2201:Films
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1543:JSTOR
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1204:S2CID
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800:1989
514:1988
497:Year
384:with
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102:Genre
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