286:. It is believed to have been a sun-like star early in its life. The second, smaller star of the binary orbits very closely and may even have been engulfed by the other's expanding stellar atmosphere with the resulting interaction creating the nebula. Astronomers theorize that the gravity of one star pulls some of the gas from the surface of the other and flings it into a thin, dense disk extending into space. As the central binary orbits with a period of about 86 to 120 years, the wind emitting from the binary changes direction with it.
50:
728:
305:
478:
de la Fuente, Eduardo; Trinidad, Miguel A.; Tafoya, Daniel; Toledano-Juárez, Ivan; García-Flores, Samuel (2022). "The symbiotic and bipolar nebula M 2-9: Morphological variability of the collimated ionized wind arising from the core".
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306:
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Hora, Joseph L.; Latter, William B. (1994), "The near-infrared structure and spectra of the bipolar nebulae M2-9 and AFGL 2688: The role of ultraviolet pumping and shocks in molecular hydrogen excitation",
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The primary component of the central binary is the hot core of a star that reached the end of its main-sequence life cycle, ejected most of its outer layers and became a
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wings perpendicular to the disk. These wings produce the butterfly appearance when seen in projection. The outer shell is estimated to be about 1,200 years old (
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Lykou, F.; Chesneau, O.; Zijlstra, A. A.; Castro-Carrizo, A.; et al. (3 Feb 2011).
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believed to cause the shape of the lobes. Its form also resembles the wings of a
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Radius = distance × sin(angular size / 2) = 2.1 kly * sin(115″ / 2) = 0.6 ly
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293:, blowing out into the surrounding disk and inflating the large, wispy
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Schwarz, H. E.; Aspin, C.; Corradi, R. L. M.; Reipurth, B. (1997),
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493:
432:
316:
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64:
567:
548:
677:"Hubble Witnesses the Final Blaze of Glory of Sun-Like Stars"
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720:, SIMBAD, Centre de Données Astronomiques de Strasbourg
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away from Earth in the direction of the constellation
289:The nebula has inflated dramatically due to a fast
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556:Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds. (June 18, 2007).
537:Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds. (June 12, 2005).
481:Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
416:"A disc inside the bipolar planetary nebula M2-9"
524:
689:"M 2-9: moving dust in a fast bipolar outflow"
334:An animated gif of the precessing jet in M2-9
8:
26:
91:−10° 08′ 34.58″
19:For other uses of "Butterfly Nebula", see
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329:
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627:"The "Twin Jet" Planetary Nebula M2-9"
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25:
7:
235:in 1947. It is located about 2,100
539:"M2-9: Wings of a Butterfly Nebula"
14:
681:Space Telescope Science Institute
675:Savage, Don (December 17, 1997),
21:Butterfly Nebula (disambiguation)
726:
282:, and is now contracting into a
271:. The nebula was imaged by the
251:of material that emanate from a
247:takes the peculiar form of twin
48:
259:have dubbed this object as the
326:Another 3D simulated flyaround
1:
563:Astronomy Picture of the Day
544:Astronomy Picture of the Day
426:(A105). EDP Sciences: A105.
420:Astronomy & Astrophysics
525:Nemiroff & Bonnell 2007
450:10.1051/0004-6361/200913845
221:Wings of a Butterfly Nebula
769:
693:Astronomy and Astrophysics
18:
631:The Astrophysical Journal
578:The Astrophysical Journal
194:
47:
38:
146:Physical characteristics
705:1997A&A...319..267S
442:2011A&A...527A.105L
231:that was discovered by
156:0.7 ly (0.2 pc) ly
126:Apparent dimensions (V)
625:; Soker, Noam (2001),
337:
327:
314:
313:3D simulated flyaround
273:Hubble Space Telescope
56:Hubble Space Telescope
735:at Wikimedia Commons
714:(December 22, 2006),
333:
325:
312:
213:Minkowski's Butterfly
54:M2-9 as taken by the
717:Results for PN M 2-9
511:10.1093/pasj/psac020
27:Minkowski 2-9 (M2-9)
653:2001ApJ...552..685L
600:1994ApJ...437..281H
503:2022PASJ...74..594D
402:Schwarz et al. 1997
299:Schwarz et al. 1997
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338:
328:
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116:Apparent magnitude
63:Observation data:
748:Planetary nebulae
731:Media related to
558:"Monitoring M2-9"
323:
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233:Rudolph Minkowski
202:
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185:Butterfly Nebula,
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644:astro-ph/0010241
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591:astro-ph/9408011
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295:hourglass-shaped
229:planetary nebula
225:Butterfly Nebula
197:Lists of nebulae
182:Twin Jet Nebula,
165:Notable features
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41:Planetary nebula
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16:Planetary nebula
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263:because of the
261:Twin Jet Nebula
217:Twin Jet Nebula
211:(also known as
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169:Bipolar outflow
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75:Right ascension
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33:Emission nebula
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637:(2): 685–691,
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584:(1): 281–295,
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487:(3): 594–601.
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275:in the 1990s.
245:bipolar nebula
207:, abbreviated
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187:PNG 010.8+18.0
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173:Bipolar nebula
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135:Constellation
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623:Livio, Mario
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461:. Retrieved
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419:
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291:stellar wind
288:
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260:
253:central star
224:
220:
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208:
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184:
179:Designations
80:17 05 37.952
699:: 267–273,
463:10 February
384:SIMBAD 2006
284:white dwarf
257:Astronomers
237:light-years
190:PK 010+18.2
87:Declination
742:Categories
494:2203.00881
361:References
223:, or just
195:See also:
129:115″ × 18″
753:Ophiuchus
616:119525312
433:1011.5671
280:red giant
269:butterfly
241:Ophiuchus
140:Ophiuchus
669:16212439
458:36920104
243:. This
96:Distance
701:Bibcode
649:Bibcode
596:Bibcode
499:Bibcode
438:Bibcode
227:) is a
107:)
712:SIMBAD
667:
614:
456:
219:, the
152:Radius
99:2,100
665:S2CID
639:arXiv
612:S2CID
586:arXiv
489:arXiv
454:S2CID
428:arXiv
341:Notes
249:lobes
103:(650
68:epoch
65:J2000
733:M2-9
568:NASA
549:NASA
465:2014
265:jets
209:M2-9
121:14.7
697:319
657:doi
635:552
604:doi
582:437
507:doi
446:doi
424:527
301:).
255:.
118:(V)
744::
695:,
691:,
679:,
663:,
655:,
647:,
633:,
629:,
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594:,
580:,
566:.
560:.
547:.
541:.
505:.
497:.
485:74
483:.
452:.
444:.
436:.
422:.
418:.
391:^
369:^
215:,
171:,
109:ly
105:pc
101:ly
703::
659::
651::
641::
606::
598::
588::
570:.
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527:)
523:(
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400:(
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382:(
23:.
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