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Mug shot publishing industry

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soliciting business for pecuniary gain, including requiring the payment of a fee or other valuable consideration in exchange for removing or revising criminal justice records that have been published on a website or other publication." The law provides for daily civil penalties starting at $ 100 per day and increasing to $ 500 per day after 60 days. However, the law also contains broad exceptions explaining the statute "does not apply to any act performed for the purpose of disseminating news to the public, including the gathering, publishing or broadcasting information to the public for a news-related purpose ... ."
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booking photographs within a ten day time frame after the receipt of the written request. Should the publisher of the photo refuse or neglect to comply, the individual will then be authorized to bring a civil court action before the court to impose a civil penalty and be compensated for attorney fees and court costs of the individual. The text of the law is found in § 901.43 of the 2020
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the accuracy of the information being published by the business. The business has 45 days to respond, in writing, about the dispute and the results of its investigation into the dispute. The bill also forbids these businesses from publishing the arrest records of anyone who has not been convicted and establishes a fine for those business that do so.
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removal must be completed within 30 days of request and the website cannot charge a fee for the removal. Georgia enacted another bill, effective July 1, 2014, which prohibits the disclosure of arrest booking photographs except under certain circumstances; to provide for related matters; to repeal conflicting laws; and for other purposes.
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Court Of Common Pleas, in Ohio, against 14 mugshot publishers. On December 27, 2013, a settlement was reached and Judge Zouhary signed an order dismissing the litigation with prejudice after the mugshot websites claimed to not be in violation of any laws. However, the websites did agree to remove the
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In 2013 the owner of a mugshot removal website directed blame at Police and Sheriff departments where mugshots are posted online after an arrest, and are the source of mugshot website photos. He stated, "Here's the thing, the police can stop this overnight and that's the part no one is talking about.
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Lawyers in Ohio filed a lawsuit on behalf of three plaintiffs. The suit contends that more than 250,000 people in Ohio have been harmed by the mugshot web sites. A settlement was reached in the lawsuit on December 27, 2013 and several of the mugshot publishing companies involved agreed to remove the
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On March 23, 2015 SB 720 was signed into law. SB720 creates a civil action against any person who disseminates, publishes, or maintains or causes to be disseminated, published, or maintained the criminal history record information of an individual pertaining to that individual's charge or arrest for
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signed HB 408 into law. The bill prohibits booking photos from appearing on mugshot websites that require payment to remove the image. It requires that any individual requesting booking photos to sign a sworn statement that the image they received will not be used these kinds of websites. Violations
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On July 15, 2014 The Connecticut State Supreme Court issued a ruling that restricts the amount of information police are required to release about arrests. The court ruled that police are required only to release basic "blotter" information about arrests, including the name and address of the person
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On January 20, 2016 multiple plaintiffs filed a class action lawsuit against Mugshots.com and Unpublish and its owners Sahar Sarid and Thomas Keesee and operators in Illinois. The case is currently pending in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. The case is styled
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a criminal offense and solicits, requests, or accepts money or other thing of value for removing such information. Such person shall be liable to the individual who is the subject of the information for actual damages or $ 500, whichever is greater, in addition to reasonable attorney fees and costs.
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passed two bills regulating the businesses who publish mugshots and accept payment to remove the information. It requires these businesses to publish either an e-mail address, fax number, or a mailing address to allow people to contact the business. Any individual can contact the business disputing
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Senate Bill 1027, which went into effect on January 1, 2015, that prohibits websites from publishing arrest mugshots and then charging to take them down. Specifically, the legislation makes it unlawful to solicit or accept payment to remove, correct or modify mugshots. A civil action may be brought
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In 2012 Kenneth B. Nunn, law professor at the University of Florida's Fredric G. Levin College of Law, said the mugshot sites look like "a seedy business," but, "There's nothing wrong with posting these further," he said. "It's close to extortion, although not quite because there is not a threat to
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industry profits when individuals pay a fee to have their mugshot removed from one or more websites; often the same entity owns both the publishing site and the removal service, which has led to allegations of and lawsuits for extortionate practices and arrests of mugshot business owners on charges
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were charged in an affidavit that characterized the business they own as "permeated with fraud" and described their efforts to conceal their identities: "listing their business address in Nevis, West Indies, registering their domain name in Belize and using a website hosting company in Australia."
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to regulate the mugshot publishing industry. These bills often require that operators of mugshot websites remove information about individuals who were arrested but never convicted. This removal would have to occur after a specified period of time and without charging a fee to the person arrested.
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Some sites remove information free of charge if a complainant provides proof they were found not guilty or that the charges were dropped. Other sites charge a fee regardless of the disposition of the case. This controversy has led some state legislatures to propose bills to regulate the industry.
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Mugshot publication sites are often pulled up during routine searches online for things as innocent as employment or housing. Even if someone has had their record sealed, expunged or reduced, and even if the mugshot publishing site has removed the offending photos, they can still be located. One
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in 2013 that would forbid any law enforcement agency from publishing mugshots online. A single individual's mugshot and booking information could still be obtained through written requests submitted in person. The bill has been amended removing those provisions but now requires mugshot sites to
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signed senate Bill 118, which took effect on July 1, 2018, prohibiting a person or entity engaged in publishing or disseminating arrest booking photographs from soliciting or accepting a fee or other payment to remove a photograph. The new law also requires any such entity to remove such arrest
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New Jersey introduced a bill that would prevent the dissemination of mugshots until the suspect has been found guilty. The measure (A3906), approved 9-0 with one abstention by the Assembly Law and Public Safety Committee, would amend the state's open public records act to make confidential the
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A new law went into effect in Georgia on May 6, 2013, that regulates how mugshot websites handle requests to remove an individual's image. Specifically, the bill requires mugshot websites to remove images of persons who were cleared of their charges and cannot charge a fee for the removal. The
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pertaining to "mugshot website operators". The operative portion of the law, A.R.S. § 44-7902(B), provides: "A mugshot website operator may not use criminal justice records or the names, addresses, telephone numbers and other information contained in criminal justice records for the purpose of
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On April 11, 2014 House Bill 14-1407 was signed into law. House Bill 14-1407 requires commercial websites that charges a fee to remove people's mugshots or other identifying information to remove that information for free if the person was found innocent of the crime for which they were
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against any website that violates the law. The person or entity who brings suit may seek damages equal to the greater of $ 1,000 per violation or the actual damages suffered. SB 1027 does not restrict access to arrest records and booking photos by the media and interested individuals.
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In 2013 Forbes reported that "many of these sites have either been set up by the company themselves, or have created financial relationships with the owners of the sites to remove content when paid. Most of the biggest ORM firms are involved in this kind of mafia extortion."
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On May 16, 2018 California Attorney General Becerra announced criminal charges of identity theft, money laundering, and extortion against the four individuals believed to be behind the cyber exploitation website mugshots.com. The four men charged have been arrested.
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It has been argued that it is pointless to pay to have mugshots removed from the Web because "the Internet never forgets." Multiple archival services store the content of most websites on a periodic basis, and that content can be retrieved at any time in the future.
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company in Utah was in 2018 outed in a leaked internal document for hiring "White Hat Hackers" to dig through internet archives and other sites that would not be readily visible to the typical internet user in order to eliminate otherwise qualified candidates.
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In 2013 the Better Business Bureau launched an investigation and concluded there is a First Amendment right to operate such businesses, but investigators felt they were "using high pressure and unethical business practice to intimidate individuals."
1880:"When Your Arrest Photo Appears on a Mugshot Website Lawmakers are cracking down on sites like Mugshots.com and UnpublishArrest.com. At such a mushrooming online nexus of extortion and blackmail, will the legislation make any difference?" 218:
In 2012 Gwinnett County Georgia District Attorney said, "It's wrong but not a violation of the criminal laws. Arbitrarily charging for mugshot removal doesn't fit the legal definition of extortion because the photos are public record."
1854:"Israeli Arrested in Florida for Role in Exploitative Online Mugshot Removal Scheme 'This pay-for-removal scheme attempts to profit off of someone else's humiliation,' a press release by California's attorney general said" 248:
article, payment processors such as Visa, MasterCard, Discover, American Express, and PayPal were in process of terminating processing payments to mugshot websites and related removal sites. Ten days later
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took steps to lower mugshot sites' rankings in their search algorithms so that such pictures no longer appear in the first page of search results when a person is searched by name. According to the
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Mug shots of Thomas Keesee (left) and Sahar Sarid (right), Keesee and Sarid were arrested and extradited among others to California for cyber-extortion in connection with the mugshots.com website
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signed legislation making it a misdemeanor to publish police booking photos on websites and then seek money to take the photos down. HB1665 became effective on August 28, 2014.
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arrested, the date, time and place of the arrest, the criminal charges and a news release or narrative of the arrest. Under the ruling, mugshots do not have to be disclosed.
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of identity theft, money laundering, and extortion. In 2018 the journal of the American Bar Association called the industry an "online extortion scheme."
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Some mugshot publishers refuse to remove records regardless of if the charges were dropped, expunged, or for those who were found not guilty.
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were also arrested. Several of their mugshots are available online. All four were extradited to California to face charges.
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of the crime they were arrested for. The industry has become controversial because of the lack of case disposition.
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remove mugshots within 30 days after receiving paperwork showing that the charges did not result in a conviction.
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signed Arizona House Bill 2191, which took effect on August 27, 2019. This law created two new statutes, A.R.S.
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The owners of mugshot websites have stated their belief that publishing the information can spur tips to
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In 2018 the journal of the American Bar Association called the industry an "online extortion scheme."
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Mugshots and the associated information are published regardless of whether or not the person is
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Why are (authorities) posting the mugshot of someone who simply missed traffic court?"
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and deter others from committing crimes for fear of their information being published.
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plaintiffs' mugshots and to no longer charge to process mugshot removals.
1664:"Salt Lake County declares jailhouse booking photos copyrighted material" 554: 504: 1475:"Oregon bill targeting mugshot websites changes focus, heads to a vote" 459: 135: 95: 826:"Mug-Shot Industry Will Dig Up Your Past, Charge You to Bury It Again" 739:"Mug-Shot Industry Will Dig Up Your Past, Charge You to Bury It Again" 605:"The Dark Side Of Reputation Management: How It Affects Your Business" 106:, through local and multi-jurisdictional search websites. The related 94:
in the United States. The industry consists of companies that publish
241: 1197:"State Supreme Court ruling restricts release of arrest information" 1757:"Lawsuit over mug-shot web sites captures a public records dilemma" 411:
photographs of anyone arrested if they have not yet been convicted.
974:"Mugshots Inc: 'Legalized extortion' or Constitutional privilege?" 264: 18: 1000:"Get Out Of Google Jail For $ 50, Web Site Captures MugShots" 222:
Criticisms of the industry appeared online as early as 2009.
1245:"New law forces websites to pull mugshots of the acquitted" 923:"MugShot Websites: Profiting off People in Booking Photos?" 579:"Published mugshots: A constant reminder of one man's past" 1074:"Mugshot extortion sites still up and running ... for now" 1597:"Herman: The humble mugshot and why we can't look away" 43: 767:"Businesses Charge Hundreds To Remove MugShots Online" 598: 596: 1564:"S*0255 (Rat #0134, Act #0132 of 2016) General Bill" 1270:"901.43 Dissemination of arrest booking photographs" 852:"Investigator - Mugged by mugshots called extortion" 683: 681: 679: 102:. These companies publish the arrest information in 1848: 1846: 1844: 1842: 1840: 1734:"Web site opts to settle, pay over use of mugshots" 1384:"Missouri measure targets arrest mugshot websites" 487:plaintiffs' mugshots as well as pay a settlement. 1755:John Caniglia, Cleveland.com (October 10, 2013). 1774:John Caniglia, Cleveland.com (January 7, 2014). 1619:"83(R) SB 1289 - Introduced Version - Bill Text" 1317:"New law bans charges to remove online mugshots" 138:attorney suggests that his clients pick a rural 98:and booking details of individuals arrested by 215:harm reputation, but to improve it," he said. 130:, and can be accessed through the websites of 1562:By Thurmond Similar (H 3700) (Feb 23, 2016). 478:On December 3, 2012, a case was filed in the 32:The examples and perspective in this article 8: 1543:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 871:"Mugshot-Removal Sites Accused of Extortion" 653: 651: 1686:"SB 720 Arrest photos on internet; penalty" 1580:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 1452:"Lawmakers propose taking mugshots offline" 1344:"Commercial mugshot bill clears Ga. Senate" 1296:. Governor's Office of Consumer Protection 1547:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 1023: 1021: 690:"2018's most important legal tech stories" 627: 625: 1932:"Branded by a mugshot in the digital age" 1688:. Virginia Legislative Information System 1096:National Conference of State Legislatures 438:During its 2013 legislative session, the 70:Learn how and when to remove this message 1274:Official Site of the Florida Legislature 454:of that sworn statement could result in 284:Relevant discussion may be found on the 850:Tom Meyer, WKYC-TV (16 February 2015). 570: 1573: 1536: 797:. Xlibris Corporation. pp. 759–. 1427:Baxter, Christopher (April 4, 2013). 1346:. WXIA-TV, Channel 11. Archived from 1092:"MugShots and Booking Photo Websites" 896:"Lawsuit filed over mugshot websites" 7: 1714:. Lucas County Court Of Common Pleas 1520:".Session 121 - (2015-2016) - S*255" 1499:. SCStateHouse.Gov. January 13, 2015 1473:Gaston, Christian (April 18, 2013). 1386:. ConnectTriStates.com. July 9, 2014 142:when they surrender to authorities. 193:In 2013 David Kravets, writing for 1072:Pagliery, Jose (16 October 2013). 226:Private attempts to block industry 16:Niche market of tabloid journalism 14: 1662:Meyers, Donald (April 11, 2013). 1177:. leg.state.co.us. April 11, 2014 921:Osunsami, Steve (March 7, 2013). 791:Savannah Rain (7 February 2013). 737:Kravets, David (August 3, 2011). 711:Prince, Jeff (November 9, 2011). 522:Gabiola, et al. v. Keesee, et al. 1979:Photography in the United States 1930:Hardee, Howard (8 August 2018). 1342:Crawley, Paul (March 26, 2013). 1319:. My Fox Atlanta. Archived from 1152:. Senate.CA.Gov. August 15, 2014 1028:Segal, David (October 5, 2013). 503: 494: 449:On April 1, 2013, Utah Governor 269: 23: 765:Kim, Susanna (April 23, 2012). 1710:Lashaway et al v. JustMugshots 1595:Herman, Ken (April 28, 2013). 1408:. House.Mo.Gov. August 8, 2014 1315:Dillon, Denise (May 6, 2013). 632:Yerak, Becky (13 March 2017). 1: 1450:Craig, Paul (April 3, 2013). 1969:Internet privacy legislation 1526:. South Carolina Legislature 1030:"Mugged by a MugShot Online" 869:Kravets, David (July 2013). 1599:. Austin-American Statesman 663:California Attorney General 253:reported that according to 126:Arrest data and photos are 84:mugshot publishing industry 46:, discuss the issue on the 1995: 1621:. Texas Legislature Online 1568:South Carolina Legislature 1370:"Georgia General Assembly" 1199:. TheDay.com. July 7, 2014 1794:"Fight Mugshot Extortion" 417:A bill was introduced in 278:This section needs to be 132:law enforcement agencies 100:law enforcement agencies 1801:Fight Mugshot Extortion 1666:. The Salt Lake Tribune 1224:. CT.Gov. July 15, 2014 539:Kishore Vidya Bhavnanie 428:Lawmakers, led by Sen. 1641:"H.B. 408 Bill Status" 581:. CNN.COM. 29 May 2012 524:, no. 1:16-cv-02076. 400:On July 9, 2014 Gov. 108:reputation management 234:, a reporter at the 230:On October 5, 2013, 199:referred to it as a 140:sheriff's department 52:create a new article 44:improve this article 34:may not represent a 1964:Internet governance 1904:Schmidt, Samantha. 1249:OrlandoSentinel.com 1138:A.R.S. § 44-7902(E) 1127:A.R.S. § 44-7902(D) 1116:A.R.S. § 44-7902(B) 978:Gwinette Daily Post 345:California Governor 343:On August 15, 2015 1294:"Mugshot websites" 713:"An Ugly Business" 440:Texas State Senate 307:state legislatures 92:tabloid journalism 1736:. ToledoBlade.com 1643:. Utah Government 1061:. 7 October 2013. 1006:. 15 October 2009 902:. January 5, 2013 804:978-1-4797-5860-9 717:Fort Worth Weekly 636:. 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