338:. The pianist lived with his wife, Peggy, in a small basement apartment on South Evans Avenue. It was the location for nightly gatherings of musicians from the area, who "would explore musical, cultural, political, social, and spiritual ideas." Abrams found that he was in, and wanted to be in, the position that Fleming and Jackson had been with him β helping younger and less experienced musicians to develop. The Experimental Band, led by Abrams, encouraged cooperation, knowledge exchange, and the playing of its members' compositions. In interviews in later years, Abrams tended to downplay his influence on other, younger musicians. They, however, remembered things differently: "Everybody was following him around like little puppies", said saxophonist
239:. "Supporting his studies in counterpoint, keyboard harmony, theory, and composition with a day job at a downtown printing company, Abrams eventually bought a second-hand piano." He also dropped out of his music school, reporting of his studies: "I didn't get too much out of that, because it wasn't what I was hearing in the street". He then decided to study independently: "I've always had a natural ability to study and analyze things. I used that ability, not even knowing what it was (it was just a feeling) and started to read books." In Abrams' words:
196:"Abrams's paternal grandfather was 'what you call a junk man', selling the fruits of neighborhood foraging. Abrams and his brother would pull the cart around the neighborhood, eventually arriving at a junk-yard on State Street, where the items would be sold." Abrams first attended Forrestville public school in Chicago. He grew up in a gang area; truancy and fighting meant that he was sent to Moseley School, a reformatory school for boys. There, in addition to strict discipline, he was taught about black histories. He later moved on to
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364:β agreed to form a new organization of musicians. They invited mostly other African Americans to the first meeting, on May 8, at which they discussed the principles of the nascent organization, the primary one being that it would be for original, creative music. At the second meeting, Abrams was elected president. Later in the month, an official name was chosen β the
323:. In the books, Abrams found topics that resonated, including the incorporation of spirituality into music. At a more practical level, the pianist reported that "The Schillinger stuff taught me to break things back down into raw material β where it came from β and then, on to the whole idea of a personal or individual approach to composition."
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Octet, with
Stanton Davis (trumpet, flugelhorn), John Purcell (soprano sax, alto sax, tenor sax, bass clarinet, flute), Marty Ehrlich (alto sax, flute, piccolo, tenor sax, clarinet, bass clarinet), Warren Smith (vibraphone, marimba, gongs), Ray Mantilla (bongos, conga, percussion), Rick Rozie (bass),
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As a child, Abrams was interested in the arts β film, painting, sculpture, and music. He later recounted that, in 1946, he decided to concentrate on the last of these, so left school and started piano lessons with a classically trained church pianist. He went on to study at the
Metropolitan School of
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18-piece band, with Ron Tooley, Jack
Walrath, Cecil Bridgewater and Frank Gordon (trumpet), Clifton Anderson and Dick Griffin (trombone), Jack Jeffers and Bill Lowe (bass trombone), John Purcell (flute, clarinet, tenor sax), Marty Ehrlich (piccolo, flute, clarinet, alto sax), Patience Higgins (bass
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11-piece band, with
Baikida Carroll (trumpet, flugelhorn), Craig Harris (trombone), Wallace Laroy McMillan (baritone sax, flute), Jimmy Vass (alto sax, flute), Eugene Ghee (tenor sax, clarinet), Vincent Chancey (French horn), Howard Johnson (tuba, baritone sax), Jean-Paul Bourelly (guitar), Michael
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Abrams left
Chicago for New York in 1976. After initially living with other musicians, he moved his family there the following year. The move of city was partly to be at the centre of musical activity, and partly for financial reasons. Initially, there were very few concerts, but he garnered press
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In the 1970s, Abrams composed for symphony orchestras, string quartets, solo piano, voice, and big bands in addition to making a series of larger ensemble recordings that included harp and accordion. In the early 1970s, his big band had a weekly concert at the
Transitions East performance space in
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Big band, with Jack
Walrath (trumpet), Alfred Patterson (trombone), John Purcell (alto sax, flute, clarinet), Robert De Bellis (alto sax, flute, bass clarinet), Eugene Ghee (tenor sax, clarinet, bass clarinet), Patience Higgins (clarinet, flute, baritone sax), Joe Daley (tuba), Brad Jones (bass),
518:. Experience in writing extended compositions also helped Abrams and other AACM musicians in New York: "The compositions themselves showed that they were outside of the mainstream of jazz, and notice was taken by classical people. You can get access to these ensembles, and it started to happen."
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Abrams was able to apply his learning after organising young musicians in the area into an ensemble that rehearsed at the C&C Lounge in
Chicago from 1961. This became known as the Experimental Band, and "became a forum for Abrams to test his new, Schillinger-influenced compositional palette."
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Some tracks trio, with John
Purcell (soprano sax, bass clarinet, tenor sax), Fred Hopkins (bass); some tracks quartet, with Andrew Cyrille (drums) added; some tracks sextet, with John Blake (violin) and Dave Holland (bass, cello) added; one track quintet, without Blake; one track quintet without
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One track sextet, with
Wallace McMillan (alto sax, flute), Edwin Daugherty (alto sax, tenor sax), Reggie Willis (bass), Wilbur Campbell (drums), Steve McCall (drums); one track quintet, without McCall; one track duo, with McMillan (alto sax, flute); one track duo with McCall (drums); one track
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With Baikida Carroll (trumpet, flugelhorn), Vincent Chancey (french horn), George Lewis (trombone), Wallace McMillan (alto sax, tenor sax, flute, congas), Bob Stewart (tuba), Leroy Jenkins (violin), Brian Smith: (bass), Andrew Cyrille (percussion), Thurman Barker (drums, marimba, percussion)
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From there, I acquired a small spinet piano and started to teach myself how to play the instrument and read the notes β or, first of all, what key the music was in. It took time and a lot of sweat. But I analyzed it and before long I was playing with the musicians on the scene. I listened to
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10-piece band, with Eddie Allen (trumpet), Patience Higgins (tenor sax, bass clarinet), Marty Ehrlich (alto sax, bass clarinet), Bryan Carrott (vibraphone), Mark Feldman (violin), Tony Cedras (accordion), Anne LeBaron (harp), Lindsey Horner (bass), Reggie Nicholson (drums); all also perform
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15-piece band, with Janette Moody (vocals), Warren Smith (percussion, timbales, vibraphone), John Purcell (clarinet, bass clarinet, piccolo, alto sax, oboe, flute), Jean-Paul Bourelly (guitar), Vincent Chancey (French horn), Eugene Ghee (clarinet, bass clarinet, tenor sax), Patience Higgins
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Grants to Artists Award. In 2005, the fortieth anniversary of the founding of the AACM, some of Abrams's solo and ensemble pieces were presented by the organization in New York. In May 2009 the National Endowment for the Arts announced that Abrams would be one of the recipients of the 2010
525:. "As a Chicagoan who was identified with experimental music, yet who was respected by the ancien regime, Abrams was uniquely positioned to take a leading role in guiding the broad changes in both the demographics and the aesthetic directions of the panels that gradually took place."
893:(clarinet, alto clarinet, baritone sax), Marty Ehrlich (clarinet, alto sax, bass clarinet, flute), Craig Harris (trombone), Baikida Carroll (trumpet, flugelhorn), Howard Johnson (tuba, baritone sax, contrabass clarinet), Abdul Wadud (cello), Rick Rozie (bass), Andrew Cyrille (drums)
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Abrams's mother, Edna, was born in Memphis. His father, Milton, was born in Alabama and moved with his parents to Chicago. Richard Lewis Abrams was born there, the second of nine children, on September 19, 1930. His father became a self-employed handyman; his mother was a housewife.
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With Joseph Jarman (bass sax, bassoon, alto clarinet, flute, soprano sax, percussion, vocals), Douglas Ewart (bass clarinet, soprano clarinet, bassoon, alto sax, tenor sax, percussion), Amina Claudine Myers (piano), Thurman Barker (drums, percussion)
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clarinet, tenor sax), Courtnay Winter (bassoon, bass clarinet, tenor sax), Charles Davis (baritone sax, soprano sax), Diedre Murray (cello), Fred Hopkins (bass), Warren Smith (glockenspiel, vibraphone, percussion), Andrew Cyrille (drums)
305:, for whom Abrams also composed and arranged. Another local man, William E. Jackson, helped Abrams develop his arranging and orchestration skills. Abrams co-founded a quintet named the MJT+3, and recorded with them in 1957, resulting in
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He is a widely influential artist, having played sides for many musicians early in his career, releasing important recordings as a leader, and writing classical works such as his "String Quartet No. 2", which was performed by the
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With Anthony Braxton (alto sax), Maurice McIntyre (tenor sax), Leroy Jenkins (violin), Gordon Emmanuel (vibraphone), Charles Clark (bass), Leonard Jones (bass), Thurman Barker (drums), Penelope Taylor (vocals), David Moore (vocals)
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With Roscoe Mitchell (alto sax, flute), George Lewis (trombone, synthesizer, sousaphone), Leonard Jones (bass), Amina Claudine Myers (piano, organ, electric piano), Youseff Yancy (theremin), Jay Clayton (vocals)
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Sextet, with Jack Walrath (trumpet), Patience Higgins (bass clarinet, tenor sax, English horn), Brad Jones (bass), Warren Smith (vibraphone, timpani, marimba, gongs), Reggie Nicholson (drums, marimba, bells)
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David Fiuczynski (guitar), Warren Smith (vibraphone, timpani), Joel Brandon (whistling), Thurman Barker (drums); with Lindsey Horner (bass) added on three tracks; Mark Taylor (French horn) added on one track
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quartet, with Emanuel Cranshaw (vibraphone), Rufus Reid (bass), Ella Jackson (vocals); one track trio, with Richard Brown (tenor sax), Reid (bass); one track trio with Cranshaw (vibraphone), Reid (bass)
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With Henry Threadgill (tenor sax, alto sax, flute, voice), Anthony Braxton (alto sax, soprano sax, flute, clarinet, voice), Leonard Jones (bass, voice), Steve McCall (drums, percussion, voice)
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Chicago. Abrams formed a sextet from other AACM members in 1972. The other musicians were Reggie Willis on bass, Steve McCall on drums, and Kalaparusha Difda, Wallace McMillan, and
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Abrams started out "playing all kinds of gigs - blues, jazz, stage shows, rhythm and blues, and church socials." His musical abilities earned him jobs working with "everyone from
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Lewis, George E. (2004). "Experimental Music in Black and White: The AACM in New York, 1970β1985". In O'Meally, Robert G.; Edwards, Brent Hayes; Griffin, Farah Jasmine (eds.).
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Septet, with Eddie Allen (trumpet), Eugene Ghee (tenor sax, bass clarinet), Alfred Patterson (trombone), David Gilmore (guitar), Brad Jones (bass), Reggie Nicholson (drums)
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The Experimental Band had very few, if any, public performances. Although some rehearsal tapes were made, these were for study purposes and were routinely recorded over.
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for composition. Later I got scores and studied more extensive things that take place in classical composition and started to practice classical pieces on the piano.
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summarized that "He would always be turning people on to books, and talking about scores. Maybe he just doesn't realize the effect that he had on people's lives."
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Rather than playing in smoky night clubs, AACM members often rented out theaters and lofts where they could perform for attentive and open-minded audiences.
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One track solo piano; one track quintet, with Henry Threadgill (alto sax), Leo Smith (trumpet, flugelhorn), Lester Lashley (bass), Thurman Baker (drums)
309:, which contained several of his compositions. Abrams also became more involved in investigating the "occult arts" around 1959 or 1960, and joined the
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In the mid-1950s, Abrams was becoming better known as both a pianist and a composer. A strong influence on his direction as a pianist at that time was
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medium. He recorded and toured the United States, Canada and Europe with his orchestra, sextet, quartet, duo, and as a solo pianist.
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festival in Chicago. He also helped set up the New York Chapter of the AACM, which first presented concerts in the city in 1982.
176:; September 19, 1930 β October 29, 2017) was an American educator, administrator, composer, arranger, clarinetist, cellist, and
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Award. In June 2010, Abrams was given the Lifetime Achievement Award by New York City's premier jazz festival, known as the
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on various woodwind and saxophone instruments. With this band, Abrams had his first international concerts, playing the
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Still eager for self-development, Abrams was introduced to, and then acquired, books on musical composition written by
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1153:(baritone), Ralph Farris (viola), Dorothy Lawson (cello), Todd Reynolds and Mary Rowell (violin), Philip Bush (piano)
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576:. Abrams died at his home in Manhattan, at the age of 87. His daughter, Richarda, became an actress and singer.
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Octet, with Eddie Allen (trumpet), Aaron Stewart (tenor sax, soprano sax), Craig Harris (trombone),
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Various formats; with Jon Deak (contrabass), Joseph Kubera (piano), Mark Feldman (violin),
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368:(AACM). When the AACM started a school in 1967, Abrams led the classes in composition.
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During this time, Abrams recorded extensively under his own name (frequently on the
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In the late 1970s, Abrams was also part of the jazz peer-review panels for the
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scene in New York. In 1982, he presented an orchestral work at that year's
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Further exposure with the AACM helped Abrams get a recording contract with
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1854:"Muhal Richard Abrams, 87, Individualistic Pianist and Composer, Is Dead"
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in 1973, he said that the word, its origin unclear, means 'number one'."
381:, was recorded in 1967, and featured the recording debuts of saxophonist
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540:"presented multi-instrumentalism, text-sound, and electronic textures."
395:"Abrams took the name Muhal in 1967. Interviewed by the French magazine
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2739:
A Power Stronger Than Itself: The AACM and American Experimental Music
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534:"juxtaposed complex written passages with propulsive rhythms"; and
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Abrams's son, Richard Jr., was at high school in the early 1960s.
406:, Gordon, and other more bop-oriented musicians during this era.
2670:"Honoring Heroes of Jazz, With Words, Silence and Improvisation"
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Although he was aware of the strong music program there, led by
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563:, an annual Danish prize within jazz. Abrams received a 1997
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1941:"Muhal Richard Abrams: The Advancement of Creative Music"
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Thurman Barker (drums, orchestral bells, marimba, gong)
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the following year, as well as touring Europe with the
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Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians
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Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians
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Around 1963, Abrams was part of a trio with bassist
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435:in 1973. He had a successful solo concert at the
2475:Word Warrior: Richard Durham, Radio, and Freedom
514:attention and was able to record annually with
450:label), and as a sideman for musicians such as
16:American jazz musician and educator (1930β2017)
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2477:. University of Illinois Press. p. 139.
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2591:. Columbia University Press. pp. 66β67.
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2589:Uptown Conversation: The New Jazz Studies
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2399:The NPR Curious Listener's Guide to Jazz
1205:(tenor sax); remaining four tracks with
3131:21st-century African-American musicians
3126:20th-century African-American musicians
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2469:Williams, Sonja D. (August 30, 2015).
1239:(baritone); one track without Buckner
1129:Solo piano; in concert; released 2007
3121:Creative Construction Company members
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1399:Creative Construction Company Vol. II
872:Logan (bass), Andrew Cyrille (drums)
402:Abrams also played with saxophonists
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3116:21st-century American male musicians
3111:20th-century American male musicians
2366:Litweiler, John (December 1, 1988).
2314:The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings
1820:. London: Penguin Books. p. 2.
352:In 1965, four men β Abrams, pianist
260:and many others and concentrated on
1852:Mandel, Howard (November 1, 2017).
2848:Things to Come from Those Now Gone
665:Things to Come from Those Now Gone
422:in San Francisco, California, 1979
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502:, the first all-Black television
1818:Richard Cook's Jazz Encyclopedia
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565:Foundation for Contemporary Arts
3106:20th-century American composers
3091:21st-century American composers
3041:African-American jazz composers
2644:National Endowment for the Arts
2471:"Chapter 10: Struggling to Fly"
1352:Live At The Rainbow Gallery '79
1231:(alto sax); one track with the
523:National Endowment for the Arts
3046:African-American jazz pianists
2741:. University of Chicago Press.
1509:Interpretations Of Monk Vol. 1
1321:Three Compositions of New Jazz
1233:JanΓ‘Δek Philharmonic Orchestra
410:1970s and 1980s, Loft jazz era
116:Musician, bandleader, composer
1:
2702:"Muhal Richard Abrams, piano"
1577:That Is Why You're Overweight
1387:Creative Construction Company
1379:Creative Construction Company
1329:Creative Orchestra Music 1976
543:He was involved in the local
389:, and bassist Leonard Jones.
3096:American male jazz composers
2883:Spiral Live at Montreux 1978
2754:Muhal Richard Abrams Website
1561:Eddie Harris Sings the Blues
1287:You Can't Name Your Own Tune
796:Spiral Live at Montreux 1978
375:. His first album for them,
3136:American male jazz pianists
3086:21st-century jazz composers
3081:20th-century jazz composers
3051:Jazz musicians from Chicago
2841:Young at Heart/Wise in Time
2834:Levels and Degrees of Light
645:Young at Heart/Wise in Time
624:Levels and Degrees of Light
378:Levels and Degrees of Light
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2995:The Visibility of Thought
2616:, pp. 416, 428, 440.
1595:As If It Were the Seasons
1139:The Visibility of Thought
235:Music, which merged with
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2918:Rejoicing with the Light
1304:Saying Something for All
1261:Fanfare for the Warriors
882:Rejoicing with the Light
499:Bird of the Iron Feather
3101:American jazz composers
3076:Delmark Records artists
2246:, pp. 97β100, 112.
1693:Roscoe Mitchell Quartet
1511:(Koch Jazz, 1997) with
1253:Art Ensemble of Chicago
1201:First four tracks with
806:Solo piano; in concert
559:In 1990 Abrams won the
477:Roscoe Mitchell Quartet
441:Art Ensemble of Chicago
437:Montreaux Jazz Festival
3009:Vision Towards Essence
2939:Colors in Thirty-Third
2023:"Muhal Richard Abrams"
1732:Daddy-O Presents MJT+3
1707:Live At "A Space" 1975
1119:Vision Towards Essence
1085:percussion and vocals
946:Colors in Thirty-Third
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307:Daddy-O Presents MJT+3
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124:Piano, clarinet, cello
47:Background information
3071:Novus Records artists
3066:Pi Recordings artists
1772:(Paula Records, 1973)
1493:Freeman & Freeman
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332:Donald Rafael Garrett
273:Later life and career
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2988:The Open Air Meeting
2967:Think All, Focus One
2817:Muhal Richard Abrams
2777:Muhal Richard Abrams
2768:Muhal Richard Abrams
2759:Muhal Richard Abrams
1648:Beggars and Stealers
1345:Quintet (Basel) 1977
1227:One track duo, with
1181:(saxes, percussion)
1177:(trombone, laptop),
1095:The Open Air Meeting
1030:Think All, Focus One
849:Amina Claudine Myers
433:Berlin Jazz Festival
237:Roosevelt University
174:Richard Lewis Abrams
170:Muhal Richard Abrams
57:Richard Lewis Abrams
25:Muhal Richard Abrams
3061:Free jazz composers
2981:One Line, Two Views
2710:. November 16, 2016
2707:Ojai Music Festival
2628:, pp. 484β485.
2550:, pp. 364β365.
2538:, pp. 334β335.
2430:, pp. 302β303.
2403:. Perigee. p.
2356:, pp. 104β105.
2270:, pp. 110β111.
1616:(Black Saint, 1977)
1445:Kenny Dorham Sextet
1209:(trombone, laptop)
1074:One Line, Two Views
198:DuSable High School
3056:Free jazz pianists
2946:The Hearinga Suite
2675:The New York Times
2639:"NEA Jazz Masters"
2372:ChicagoTribune.com
2081:, pp. 57, 79.
1859:The New York Times
1613:Lifelong Ambitions
1420:(ECM, 2013 ) with
1369:Sweet Earth Flying
967:The Hearinga Suite
457:Sweet Earth Flying
424:
321:Joseph Schillinger
266:Fletcher Henderson
72:September 19, 1930
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2668:(June 25, 2010).
2484:978-0-252-09798-0
2414:978-0-399-52794-4
2393:Schoenberg, Loren
2328:978-0-141-03401-0
2234:, pp. 96β97.
2210:, pp. 82β83.
2129:, pp. 60β62.
2105:, pp. 59β60.
2093:, pp. 81β82.
2054:, pp. 57β58.
1348:(hatOLOGY, 1977 )
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549:New Music America
164:
163:
75:Chicago, Illinois
3143:
2925:View from Within
2810:
2803:
2796:
2787:
2742:
2735:Lewis, George E.
2720:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2698:
2692:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2662:
2656:
2655:
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2635:
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2623:
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2418:
2402:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2363:
2357:
2351:
2345:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2317:(9th ed.).
2301:
2295:
2289:
2283:
2277:
2271:
2265:
2259:
2253:
2247:
2241:
2235:
2229:
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2205:
2199:
2193:
2184:
2178:
2169:
2163:
2154:
2148:
2142:
2136:
2130:
2124:
2118:
2112:
2106:
2100:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2064:
2055:
2049:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2018:
2012:
2006:
1997:
1991:
1978:
1972:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1939:(May 25, 2007).
1933:
1920:
1914:
1905:
1899:
1893:
1887:
1881:
1875:
1864:
1863:
1849:
1832:
1831:
1810:
1787:
1580:(Atlantic, 1975)
1572:(Atlantic, 1973)
1564:(Atlantic, 1972)
1556:(Atlantic, 1971)
1430:Henry Threadgill
1372:(Impulse!, 1974)
1264:(Atlantic, 1974)
1214:2010 (released)
903:View from Within
692:India Navigation
602:
570:NEA Jazz Masters
429:Henry Threadgill
225:Laurdine Patrick
131:
94:, New York, U.S.
88:
85:October 29, 2017
71:
69:
54:
35:
21:
3151:
3150:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3014:
2825:
2819:
2814:
2770:discography at
2750:
2745:
2733:
2729:
2724:
2723:
2713:
2711:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2687:
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2515:
2507:
2503:
2489:
2487:
2485:
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2463:
2455:
2451:
2443:
2434:
2426:
2422:
2415:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2376:
2374:
2368:"A Rare Return"
2365:
2364:
2360:
2352:
2348:
2340:
2336:
2329:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2290:
2286:
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2266:
2262:
2254:
2250:
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2238:
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2226:
2218:
2214:
2206:
2202:
2194:
2187:
2179:
2172:
2164:
2157:
2149:
2145:
2137:
2133:
2125:
2121:
2113:
2109:
2101:
2097:
2089:
2085:
2077:
2073:
2065:
2058:
2050:
2041:
2031:
2029:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2007:
2000:
1992:
1981:
1973:
1966:
1958:
1954:
1935:
1934:
1923:
1915:
1908:
1900:
1896:
1888:
1884:
1876:
1867:
1851:
1850:
1835:
1828:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1795:
1788:
1779:
1754:Anthony Braxton
1710:(Delmark, 2013
1700:Duets and Solos
1677:Roscoe Mitchell
1657:George E. Lewis
1623:Clifford Jordan
1461:Emergency Peace
1426:Roscoe Mitchell
1417:Made in Chicago
1409:Jack DeJohnette
1324:(Delmark, 1968)
1313:Anthony Braxton
1248:
1229:Roscoe Mitchell
1207:George E. Lewis
1179:Roscoe Mitchell
1175:George E. Lewis
600:
595:
582:
574:Vision Festival
557:
472:Roscoe Mitchell
462:Anthony Braxton
420:Keystone Korner
412:
383:Anthony Braxton
373:Delmark Records
354:Jodie Christian
344:Roscoe Mitchell
280:
278:1950s and 1960s
275:
254:Thelonious Monk
229:Julian Priester
190:
180:pianist in the
167:
129:
90:
86:
73:
67:
65:
52:
42:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3149:
3147:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
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3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
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3048:
3043:
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3023:
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3016:
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3005:
2998:
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2977:
2970:
2963:
2956:
2949:
2942:
2935:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2907:
2900:
2897:Mama and Daddy
2893:
2886:
2879:
2872:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2844:
2837:
2829:
2827:
2821:
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2805:
2798:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2774:
2765:
2756:
2749:
2748:External links
2746:
2744:
2743:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2693:
2691:, p. 482.
2681:
2657:
2630:
2618:
2606:
2604:, p. 388.
2594:
2579:
2577:, p. 364.
2567:
2565:, p. 400.
2552:
2540:
2528:
2526:, p. 335.
2513:
2511:, p. 334.
2501:
2483:
2461:
2459:, p. 302.
2449:
2447:, p. 298.
2432:
2420:
2413:
2384:
2358:
2346:
2344:, p. 148.
2334:
2327:
2296:
2294:, p. 141.
2284:
2282:, p. 177.
2272:
2260:
2258:, p. 107.
2248:
2236:
2224:
2212:
2200:
2185:
2170:
2155:
2143:
2131:
2119:
2107:
2095:
2083:
2071:
2056:
2039:
2013:
1998:
1979:
1964:
1952:
1946:All About Jazz
1921:
1906:
1894:
1882:
1865:
1833:
1826:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1792:Moers Festival
1789:
1782:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1758:
1757:
1736:
1735:
1724:Walter Perkins
1719:
1718:
1703:
1697:
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1672:
1671:
1652:
1651:
1641:Robin Kenyatta
1636:
1635:
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1600:
1599:
1582:
1581:
1573:
1565:
1557:
1540:
1539:
1497:
1496:
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1478:Morning Prayer
1465:
1464:
1449:
1448:
1433:
1432:
1404:
1403:
1395:
1374:
1373:
1356:
1355:
1354:(Hi Hat, 2016)
1349:
1341:
1340:(Arista, 1976)
1333:
1332:(Arista, 1976)
1325:
1308:
1307:
1297:Hamiet Bluiett
1292:
1291:
1279:Barry Altschul
1274:
1273:
1265:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1237:Thomas Buckner
1225:
1222:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1199:
1194:
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1151:Thomas Buckner
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816:Mama and Daddy
812:
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778:
771:
767:
766:
762:
757:
750:
746:
745:
742:
737:
730:
726:
725:
722:Malachi Favors
718:
713:
706:
702:
701:
698:
689:
682:
678:
677:
673:
668:
661:
657:
656:
653:
648:
641:
637:
636:
632:
627:
620:
616:
615:
612:
609:
606:
605:Year recorded
599:
596:
594:
591:
587:Kronos Quartet
581:
578:
556:
553:
508:Richard Durham
487:Morning Prayer
411:
408:
360:, and drummer
340:Gene Dinwiddie
279:
276:
274:
271:
262:Duke Ellington
250:Charlie Parker
221:Johnny Griffin
189:
186:
166:Musical artist
165:
162:
161:
140:
136:
135:
132:
126:
125:
122:
118:
117:
114:
110:
109:
100:
96:
95:
89:(aged 87)
83:
79:
78:
63:
59:
58:
55:
49:
48:
44:
43:
39:Moers Festival
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3148:
3137:
3134:
3132:
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3011:
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2999:
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2955:
2954:
2950:
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2947:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2932:Roots of Blue
2929:
2927:
2926:
2922:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2911:Blues Forever
2908:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2899:
2898:
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2892:
2891:
2887:
2885:
2884:
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2732:
2731:
2726:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2697:
2694:
2690:
2685:
2682:
2678:. p. C7.
2677:
2676:
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2667:
2661:
2658:
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2640:
2634:
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2369:
2362:
2359:
2355:
2350:
2347:
2343:
2338:
2335:
2330:
2324:
2321:. p. 6.
2320:
2316:
2315:
2310:
2309:Morton, Brian
2306:
2305:Cook, Richard
2300:
2297:
2293:
2288:
2285:
2281:
2276:
2273:
2269:
2264:
2261:
2257:
2252:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2237:
2233:
2228:
2225:
2222:, p. 82.
2221:
2216:
2213:
2209:
2204:
2201:
2198:, p. 70.
2197:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2183:, p. 69.
2182:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2168:, p. 68.
2167:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2153:, p. 67.
2152:
2147:
2144:
2141:, p. 62.
2140:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2123:
2120:
2117:, p. 60.
2116:
2111:
2108:
2104:
2099:
2096:
2092:
2087:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2072:
2069:, p. 58.
2068:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2028:
2024:
2021:Jurek, Thom.
2017:
2014:
2011:, p. 17.
2010:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1996:, p. 14.
1995:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1977:, p. 13.
1976:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1962:, p. 11.
1961:
1956:
1953:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1903:
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1866:
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1855:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1827:0-141-00646-3
1823:
1819:
1815:
1814:Cook, Richard
1809:
1806:
1799:
1793:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1756:(Muse, 1977 )
1755:
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1628:
1627:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1605:Leroy Jenkins
1597:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1587:Joseph Jarman
1579:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1553:Instant Death
1550:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1529:Richard Davis
1526:
1522:
1521:Charlie Rouse
1518:
1514:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1470:Chico Freeman
1462:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1454:Marty Ehrlich
1446:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1402:(Muse, 1970 )
1401:
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1234:
1230:
1226:
1223:
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1216:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1203:Fred Anderson
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
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1188:
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1184:
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1167:
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1132:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1109:; in concert
1108:
1107:Marty Ehrlich
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1062:Bryan Carrott
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1044:
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1034:
1032:
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953:
950:
948:
947:
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939:
935:
931:
928:
926:
925:
924:Roots of Blue
921:
918:
917:
912:
910:
907:
905:
904:
900:
897:
896:
891:
889:
886:
884:
883:
879:
876:
875:
870:
868:
865:
863:
862:
861:Blues Forever
858:
855:
854:
850:
846:
844:
841:
839:
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561:Jazzpar Prize
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482:Chico Freeman
480:, 1976), and
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2974:Song for All
2972:
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2916:
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2895:
2890:Spihumonesty
2888:
2881:
2876:Lifea Blinec
2874:
2867:
2860:
2853:
2846:
2839:
2832:
2816:
2738:
2727:Bibliography
2712:. Retrieved
2705:
2696:
2684:
2673:
2666:Ratliff, Ben
2660:
2648:. Retrieved
2642:
2633:
2621:
2609:
2597:
2588:
2582:
2570:
2543:
2531:
2504:
2496:Google Books
2494:– via
2488:. Retrieved
2474:
2464:
2452:
2423:
2398:
2387:
2375:. Retrieved
2371:
2361:
2349:
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2299:
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2251:
2239:
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2146:
2134:
2122:
2110:
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2086:
2074:
2030:. Retrieved
2027:AllMusic.com
2026:
2016:
1955:
1944:
1919:, p. 8.
1904:, p. 7.
1897:
1892:, p. 6.
1885:
1880:, p. 5.
1857:
1817:
1808:
1769:
1760:
1759:
1749:The Iron Men
1747:
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1634:(Muse, 1978)
1629:
1620:
1619:
1611:
1602:
1601:
1593:
1584:
1583:
1575:
1567:
1559:
1551:
1545:Eddie Harris
1542:
1541:
1537:Ed Blackwell
1525:Roswell Rudd
1508:
1502:Barry Harris
1499:
1498:
1492:
1484:
1476:
1467:
1466:
1460:
1451:
1450:
1444:
1438:Kenny Dorham
1435:
1434:
1415:
1406:
1405:
1397:
1385:
1376:
1375:
1367:
1361:Marion Brown
1358:
1357:
1351:
1343:
1335:
1327:
1319:
1310:
1309:
1303:
1294:
1293:
1290:(Muse, 1977)
1285:
1276:
1275:
1272:(AECO, 1978)
1267:
1259:
1250:
1249:
1217:
1189:
1186:2009 / 2010
1161:
1137:
1117:
1093:
1072:
1050:Song for All
1048:
1028:
1007:
986:
965:
944:
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835:
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775:Spihumonesty
773:
754:Lifea Blinec
752:
732:
708:
684:
663:
643:
622:
583:
558:
542:
537:Lifea Blinec
535:
529:
527:
520:
512:
497:
491:
490:, 1976, and
485:
475:
465:
455:
452:Marion Brown
445:
425:
404:Eddie Harris
401:
396:
394:
391:
385:, violinist
376:
370:
362:Steve McCall
351:
348:
336:Steve McCall
334:and drummer
329:
325:
318:
315:
311:Rosicrucians
306:
303:King Fleming
300:
281:
242:
233:
217:John Gilmore
205:Walter Dyett
202:
195:
191:
173:
169:
168:
130:Years active
87:(2017-10-29)
18:
3036:2017 deaths
3031:1930 births
2960:Family Talk
2953:Blu Blu Blu
2714:November 1,
2650:November 1,
1937:Panken, Ted
1763:Sonny Stitt
1668:Black Saint
1664:Shadowgraph
1631:Inward Fire
1173:Trio, with
1056:Black Saint
1036:Black Saint
1015:Black Saint
1009:Family Talk
994:Black Saint
988:Blu Blu Blu
973:Black Saint
952:Black Saint
934:Cecil McBee
909:Black Saint
888:Black Saint
867:Black Saint
843:Black Saint
822:Black Saint
781:Black Saint
740:Black Saint
716:Black Saint
700:Solo piano
593:Discography
516:Black Saint
506:started by
448:Black Saint
358:Phil Cohran
356:, composer
147:Black Saint
3025:Categories
2689:Lewis 2008
2626:Lewis 2008
2614:Lewis 2008
2602:Lewis 2008
2575:Lewis 2008
2563:Lewis 2008
2548:Lewis 2008
2536:Lewis 2008
2524:Lewis 2008
2509:Lewis 2008
2457:Lewis 2008
2445:Lewis 2008
2428:Lewis 2008
2354:Lewis 2008
2342:Lewis 2008
2292:Lewis 2008
2280:Lewis 2008
2268:Lewis 2008
2256:Lewis 2008
2244:Lewis 2008
2232:Lewis 2008
2220:Lewis 2008
2208:Lewis 2008
2196:Lewis 2008
2181:Lewis 2008
2166:Lewis 2008
2151:Lewis 2008
2139:Lewis 2008
2127:Lewis 2008
2115:Lewis 2008
2103:Lewis 2008
2091:Lewis 2008
2079:Lewis 2008
2067:Lewis 2008
2052:Lewis 2008
2009:Lewis 2008
1994:Lewis 2008
1975:Lewis 2008
1960:Lewis 2008
1917:Lewis 2008
1902:Lewis 2008
1890:Lewis 2008
1878:Lewis 2008
1800:References
1790:Abrams at
1741:Woody Shaw
1569:Excursions
1517:Steve Lacy
1513:Don Cherry
1422:Larry Gray
1337:Duets 1976
1246:As sideman
1191:SoundDance
1105:Duo, with
932:Duo, with
847:Duo, with
720:Duo, with
504:soap opera
467:Duets 1976
418:Abrams at
296:Woody Shaw
292:Ruth Brown
258:Bud Powell
188:Early life
134:1950sβ2017
68:1930-09-19
53:Birth name
37:Abrams at
3002:Streaming
2862:Sightsong
1770:Soul Girl
1533:Ben Riley
1163:Streaming
1101:New World
1080:New World
710:Sightsong
598:As leader
580:Influence
555:1990β2017
545:Loft Jazz
470:, 1976),
460:, 1974),
288:Max Roach
246:Art Tatum
182:free jazz
155:New World
103:Free jazz
92:Manhattan
2869:1-OQA+19
2855:Afrisong
2763:AllMusic
2737:(2008).
2490:June 25,
2395:(2002).
2311:(2008).
2032:June 25,
1816:(2005).
1715:AllMusic
1394:, 1970 )
1269:Kabalaba
1224:Mutable
1219:Spectrum
957:Holland
851:(piano)
734:1-OQA+19
686:Afrisong
531:1-OQA+19
342:, while
107:post-bop
2779:at the
2772:Discogs
2377:July 1,
2319:Penguin
1777:Gallery
1712:Discogs
1666:(1978,
936:(bass)
724:(bass)
671:Delmark
651:Delmark
630:Delmark
143:Delmark
2826:albums
2824:Studio
2481:
2411:
2325:
1824:
1794:, 2009
1734:(1957)
1702:(1990)
1696:(1975)
1688:(1967)
1685:Nonaah
1650:(1977)
1598:(1968)
1495:(1981)
1489:(1977)
1481:(1976)
1463:(1990)
1447:(1970)
1306:(1998)
1145:Chesky
696:Whynot
614:Notes
611:Label
608:Title
227:, and
172:(born
139:Labels
99:Genres
77:, U.S.
41:, 2009
1761:With
1752:with
1739:With
1726:MJT+3
1722:With
1675:With
1655:With
1639:With
1621:With
1603:With
1585:With
1543:With
1500:With
1486:Chico
1468:With
1452:With
1436:With
1407:With
1377:With
1359:With
1311:With
1295:With
1277:With
1251:With
1158:2005
1134:2000
1114:1998
1090:1996
1069:1995
1045:1995
1025:1994
1004:1993
983:1990
962:1989
941:1986
919:1986
898:1984
877:1983
856:1981
832:1981
811:1980
802:Novus
791:1978
770:1978
760:Novus
749:1978
729:1977
705:1975
681:1975
660:1972
640:1969
619:1967
493:Chico
151:Novus
2904:Duet
2716:2017
2652:2017
2492:2023
2479:ISBN
2409:ISBN
2379:2020
2323:ISBN
2034:2020
1822:ISBN
1428:and
1392:Muse
929:RPR
837:Duet
528:His
397:Jazz
294:and
286:and
264:and
178:jazz
82:Died
62:Born
2761:at
298:."
290:to
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1197:Pi
1169:Pi
1125:Pi
510:.
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313:.
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231:.
223:,
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