708:(Independence) party in Palestine, an offshoot of al-Fatat. Originally, the Istiqlal operated in Syria, then Transjordan, but reassembled in Palestine after facing disappointing circumstances in both those territories. The party coaxed Palestinians towards defying British rule by staging demonstrations and political and social boycotts. Darwaza refused to allow the Istiqlal to participate in meetings between local Palestinian political parties and the British high-commissioner. Darwaza wrote an article on 21 June 1933, vehemently attacking Palestinian "vested interests". He argued that the wealthy Arab notables of Palestine were subservient to the British and the Zionists and would willingly leave Palestine for other countries, while the poor and middle-class Arabs were forced by economic circumstances to remain in Palestine during their political struggles. Darwaza helped instigate and organize the 1933 demonstrations in Jaffa which protested British policies in Palestine and continued allowances of
1043:
language, the Arab homeland, a shared Arab history and common Arab interests. Although
Darwaza believed that Arab nationalism pre-dated Islam, he also maintained that Islam expanded Arab territory and "stamped them with the eternal mark of Arab nationalism." According to Muhammad Y. Muslih, this meant that Islam had provided Arabs with "spiritual, cultural, and legal unity and within the framework of that unity the Arab individual formed his moral and social beliefs, irrespective of where he lived and through it the Arabs were able to preserve national identity and maintain their culture in the face of foreign invaders, including the Ottomans". Darwaza contends that Arab nationalism is not a new concept borrowed from the West and asserts the constituents of Arab nationalism are stronger than those which make up the modern forms of
613:." Afterward, Darwaza believed King Faisal did not devote to the Palestine issue its deserved attention. Faisal was deposed by the French in July 1920. An event that further deteriorated Darwaza's ambitions of Arab unity was the confirmation of the British Mandate over Palestine at the San Remo Conference on 24 April 1920. His experience in Damascus revealed to him that the universalism of Arab nationalism was not as concrete as its advocates had thought, and the military might of the European powers—
630:) where he initiated and nurtured an Arab nationalist political educational process. Darwaza wrote textbooks and was an educator himself. One of his students who later became a nationalist politician, Akram Zu'aiter, wrote that Darwaza "used to give us a weekly lesson on the principles of Nationalism and society, in a way which sharpened our thought and broadened our horizons." Zuaiter also recalls that Darwaza wrote up nationalist and historical plays that his students would perform in.
3387:
1066:. In the mid-1950s, Darwaza asserted that the first stage of Arab union should be based on a merger between Egypt and Syria. In his opinion, a union between the northern Arabs (Syria) and the southern Arabs (Egypt) would facilitate the adherence of other Arab states. He believed that Egypt's capabilities and human resources compelled it to fill the role of an Arab "
902:, reflecting popular Arab sentiments against the growing "Zionist threat" and attacking brokers who tempted Palestinian land owners to sell their land to Jews. The story describes methods used by Zionists to entice Arab landowners to sell their land and the main characters in the story are an illiterate farmer and a Jewish girl from
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864:
589:(GSC) held its first meeting in Damascus and Darwaza was its secretary. The GSC called for the immediate independence of Syria as a sovereign state under a constitutional monarchy and underlined its opposition to the establishment of Zionism in southern Syria (Palestine). Along with Haj Amin al-Husseini and
1012:, as it is alleged, had made a chronologically arranged collection. Darwaza was very critical of other modern interpreters who used certain verses of the Quran to deduce and support scientific theories. He argues that those people have done harm to Islam by trivializing the sacred character of the Quran.
1042:
Throughout his life, Darwaza was an Arab nationalist and supported the unity of Syria and
Palestine. His particular brand of Arab nationalism was influenced by Islam, his belief in Arab unity, and the oneness of Arabic culture. According to his perspective, the ideology's main points were the Arabic
538:
in 1919. During the spring and summer of 1919, a vigorous political campaign was waged by the Arab politicians in
Palestine who were divided into "Younger Politicians" and "Older Politicians". The campaign was centered on the political future of Palestine, and Darwaza, a Younger Politician, played a
369:
of Nablus. Izzat recalled, "From what I remember from my father and through my grandfather, the title merchant or merchants in Nablus mostly referred to owners of commercial textile and cloth shops. In Nablus, these shops were confined, or mostly confined, to a caravansary called Khan al-Tujjar, in
1015:
Darwaza was convinced that interpretations of the Quran were the only possible basis for any renewal and development of
Islamic religious, political and social thought, and that the Quran was the only resource for Muslim reinterpretation of traditional norms in Islam and Islamic thinking. Since it
909:
Later in his lifetime after leaving politics, Darwaza published memoirs that discussed in detail the city of Nablus in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. According to
Youssef Choueiri, "he gives a graphic and almost exhaustive description of his hometown... its mosques, residential quarters,
1077:
Rashid
Khalidi states about Darwaza, "Moved as he was by the civilization of Arabs, he evoked a distant Arab past. For obvious reasons Islam was central to that past. But in the case of Darwaza, Islam was important not as the binding substance of the nation, but as a culture and civilization. In
854:
In 1983 Darwaza granted
Palestinian historian Muhammad Y. Muslih an eight-day interview and allowed him to photo-copy his memoirs in entirety. Muslih noted that Darwaza was failing in health at the time. He died in Damascus in 1984 at the age of 96. Darwaza had three daughters, Najah, Salma, and
51:
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to discuss the situation and upon their return on 6 January 1937, they revealed that the advice given to them was to cease hostilities. During the revolt, in 1937, Darwaza was exiled from
Palestine by British authorities to Damascus. Later in that year, Darwaza held several meetings with
910:
orchards, industries, and inhabitants. Moreover, he dwells at length of the social composition of the town endeavoring to reveal the open conflict between 'feudal families' and the new generation of middle traders, functionaries, civil servants, and teachers."
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was generally aimed at the Muslim youth who had been alienated by the traditional interpretations of the Quran. Darwaza placed much emphasis on the close relationship between the text of the Quran and the environment in which it was revealed. He rejected the
824:
where he left politics to concentrate on literature. Although he did much of his writing in the 1930s and 1940s, he did not have any of his works published until the 1960s. As a pan-Arab intellectual, Darwaza aided in establishing the union between Syria and
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becomes a major concern for the next several years. He was released in
November 1944. After his release, Darwaza was unable to return to Nablus because British authorities had issued an order preventing him from entering Palestine. As a result, he left for
625:
Darwaza continued his political activity, representing Nablus in the Fourth
Palestinian Congress in May 1921 and the Seventh Palestinian Congress in June 1928. From 1922 to 1927, he served as the principal of the an-Najah National School (later to become
419:("nation"). In 1906, he served in the local Ottoman administration as a clerk in the Department of Telegraphic and Postal Services (DTPS) in Nablus. His first assignment in that department was for the District of Beisan and northern Palestine (the
450:
political agenda. He played an active role in establishing a branch for the Party of Harmony and Freedom in Nablus in 1911. The party was founded in Istanbul and joined by Arab members to counter the policies of the CUP. In 1913, he joined an
763:" against the British and Zionism. Darwaza had many encounters with al-Qassam, describing him as "a man lacking in arrogance or self-love. He was open and available to all of the people and the people loved him. And he lived the life of a
1074:, Egyptian president and founder of the short-lived union, saying "Since the Arab revolt against the Turks, no Arab leader has been up to the level of events except for Jamal 'Abd al-Nasir. He emerged and vanished like a shooting star."
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declaring that it was an Arab country and its people a part of the Arab nation, Darwaza concluded that Egypt and Syria were in a position to unite. When unity negotiations underwent, he suggested several forms of federation, such as the
850:
models, but did not recommend any specific model for an Arab state. Darwaza did, however, suggest that the institution of a federation between Egypt and Syria would be the first step towards the realization of a comprehensive union.
365:. In his memoirs, Izzat writes "The import of goods from the outside was, for the most part, through Beirut and Damascus." Izzat's father, 'Abd al-Hadi Darwaza and his paternal grandfather Darwish Darwaza, owned a store in the
608:
The hope of Darwaza and the Younger Politicians for unity with Syria were curtailed when it became known that King Faisal was aligning himself with the leaders of the Zionist movement because "they were helping us in the
812:, openly criticized the delegates and questioned the AHC's right to even send delegates to the convention. Later that year, Darwaza resigned from the AHC due to the Mufti's unbending attitude towards wider representation.
947:. Darwaza states in this exegesis he would "uncover the wisdom of revelation, the fundamental concepts of the Qur'an and the whole range of its subject matter and present it in a new style and new sequential order."
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by submitting petitions to the Ottoman sultan, or by buying land for sale to preempt its purchase by Jews. In June 1913, he helped to prepare and became secretary of the First Palestinian Congress (also known as the
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1521:
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policies which he viewed as repressive against his ideals. Because of his dissatisfaction with the Young Turks, Darwaza was driven to support Arab independence from the empire. In 1908, he joined the
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groups, and the foreign rule over the Arabs by Western powers. The book was intended to be used as a textbook in primary and secondary schools throughout the British Mandates of Palestine and later
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685:. In 1931, he convinced his city's MCA to change its name to the Patriotic Arab Association. Unlike other Arab politicians at the time, Darwaza supported a combination of pan-Arabism,
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were posited as the glue that was to hold the Arab nation together." According to Khalidi, Darwaza contributed to Arab nationalism in the practical and intellectual domains greatly.
270:
where he implemented a pro-Arab nationalist educational system, promoting the ideas of Arab independence and unity. Darwaza's particular brand of Arab nationalism was influenced by
772:
In late 1939, he was accused by French military authorities of helping Palestinian rebels in the revolt, tried by a military court, and sentenced to five years imprisonment in the
649:) education. This was recognition that Darwaza's contribution to the spread of Arab nationalist sentiments gained influence not only in an-Najah School, but throughout Palestine.
769:." Darwaza worked closely with the Mufti, who was now under house arrest in Beirut, to garner support and supplies for the revolt and supervise the Arab rebels in Palestine.
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organization through Ahmad Qadri, a high-ranking member from Damascus. The aim of al-Fatat was to liberate and unite the Arab lands under Ottoman rule. In the wake of the
487:. Within the DTPS, Darwaza was appointed commissioner and deputy for the Nablus Post Office. He was promoted again—this time as director of postal stamp sales in Beirut.
593:, Darwaza founded and became an officer of the Palestinian Society in Damascus. The organization urged all societies and clubs in Palestine to cooperate and condemn the
570:, supporters of independence. Darwaza convinced Nashashibi to gather some of the Older Politicians of Jerusalem to a meeting at his house. When it was made clear that
1520:, Muhammad Y. Muslih, the Encyclopedia of Islam, and MSN Encarta, among others agree that Darwaza was born in 1888. However, others, namely Youssef Choueiri and the
539:
central role. The Younger Politicians consisted of Arab nationalists who sought to unite Palestine with King Faisal's Syria while the Older Politicians consisted of
328:, but resigned the next year after being disenfranchised by al-Husayni's methods. He left for Syria afterward and briefly aided in the unity talks between Syria and
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Darwaza and Hafiz Kanaan—another leading al-Fatat member from Nablus—lobbied Arab groups in Jerusalem to advocate Syro-Palestinian unity before the arrival of the
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495:
During World War I, Darwaza served as Postal Directorate-General of Beirut and retained this post until 1918. In 1916, while serving with the Ottoman army in the
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and qur'anic studies were accessible to me." During his incarceration, he compiled three books dealing with the Quran and conceived the idea of writing a modern
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641:, a prominent merchant, and future associate of Darwaza, invited him to his home to speak to a large group of students and notables about nationalist (
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574:, a leader of the Older Politicians, was now in favor of unity, all of the other Older Politicians followed suit. When the commission arrived in
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newspaper in the early 1930s and in December 1931-January 1932, he wrote articles encouraging Arabs to protest against British policies in the
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in 1908, expecting that the new Ottoman government would institute reforms and grant the Arabs autonomy within the framework of the empire.
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1383:
Mudakkirāt: siǧill ḥāfil bi-masīrat al-ḥaraka al-ʻarabīya wa-'l-qaḍīya al-filasṭīnīya hilal qarn min az-zaman: 1305-1404 hijra, 1887-1984
981:) and states that the Quran fully reflects various stages between the Quran and the career of Muhammad. He also emphasizes that both the
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776:. While his exile by the British abruptly curtailed his political life, his imprisonment marked the beginning of a new life wherein the
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Darwaza became a member of the Arab Executive Committee and in 1930 was appointed by rival nationalist Haj Amin al-Husseini (then the
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700:, to unite in the face of growing dangers, and to renew their drive towards freedom and independence. In August 1932, he along with
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in the mid-1950s. By the time of his death in 1984, Darwaza had written over thirty books and published numerous articles on the
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705:
526:, Darwaza held several political posts including Secretary-General of al-Fatat from May 1919 to March 1920, Secretary of the
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66:
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1923:
527:
723:. Along with Abd al-Hadi, Darwaza was arrested by the British authorities in June and imprisoned in the military camp at
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who encourages the former to spend himself deep into debt, forcing him to sell his land at a price far below its value.
895:, hence its simplified and direct language. Nonetheless, it played a pioneering role in the development of pan-Arabism.
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in the region through the establishment of Arabic schools. The society did not succeed, however, due to the outbreak of
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or Beirut to finish his education as was the custom of his generation. Instead, he educated himself, and according to
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Izzat received elementary and preparatory education in Ottoman government-run schools in the city. In addition to
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in contrast to a history of an individual Arab country was composed by Darwaza in the late 1920s under the title
796:(AHC) in late 1946 and Darwaza joined the ten-member council upon a request from the Mufti. Darwaza, along with
357:. The Darwaza family had long been involved in textiles and had extensive trade relationships with merchants in
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of al-Nadi al-Arabi party and they immediately expressed their support. They also suggested that Darwaza meet
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1008:'s task was to fix the transcription and unify it to prevent variant readings. He also expresses doubts that
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and foreign mandates in Arab lands. From 1922 to 1927, he served as an educator and as the principal at the
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While he was imprisoned in Damascus, Darwaza was provided with an opportunity to read and reflect upon the
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2779:
884:
809:
682:
602:
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195:
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Confronting an empire, constructing a nation: Arab nationalists and popular politics in mandate Palestine
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2222:
834:
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321:
199:
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830:
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2719:
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which he strengthened in by the end of his formal education. Darwaza left school without going to
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are spoken in the Quran not for their own sake, but to reinforce Muhammad's missions and goals.
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and its interpretations. In 1945, after he was released, Darwaza eventually compiled his own
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Fī sabīl qaḍīyat Filasṭīn wal-waḥda al-'arabīya wa-min waḥy an-nakba wa li-aǧl mu'āla-ǧatihā
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977:. Darwaza stresses a close connection between the Quran and the biography of the Muhammad (
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and Mu'in al-Madi, served as the AHC's delegates to the September 1947 convention of the
820:
After resigning from the AHC, Darwaza spent the rest of his life in the modern state of
804:'s Political Committee in Lebanon. With support from the Transjordanian representative,
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Despite attempts to calm the situation, in Damascus, Darwaza established and headed the
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His loyalty to the Ottomans eroded, however, due to the impact of the new governments's
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was to collect the Quran between its two covers and transcribe it into one copy, while
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17:
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Al-imārāt al-ʻarabīya as-šāmila fi 'l-Maġrib al-aqṣā wa-'l-Jazā'ir wa-Tūnis wa-Lībīya
959:
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255:
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2858:
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2709:
2635:
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2224:
The Grand Mufti: Haj Amin al-Hussaini, Founder of the Palestinian National Movement
922:. He states "I considered an act of divine and started reading whatever books of
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590:
480:
452:
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2198:
1097:
578:, it concluded on 27 June that it was in favor of Syro-Palestinian unity under a
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Divided loyalties: nationalism and mass politics in Syria at the close of Empire
2218:
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805:
801:
697:
504:
484:
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In 1914, he established the Arab Scientific Society whose purpose was to spread
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350:
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1927:
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Politics in Palestine: Arab factionalism and social disintegration, 1939-1948
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1405:
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Al-'Arab wal-'urūba min al-qarn at-tālit ḥatta l-qarn ar-rābi' 'ašar al-hiǧrī
1152:
969:
After the completion of the rough draft, he wrote a volume of four chapters,
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to explore various solutions to help the Arabs avoid appearing intransigent.
305:
for his involvement in the revolt, and while in prison he began to study the
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2453:
Arabism, Islamism and the Palestine question, 1908-1941: a political history
1223:
1129:
535:
455:
group based in Nablus that sought to prevent the sale of Arab-owned land to
1782:
Political Thought and Political History: Studies in Memory of Elie Kedourie
863:
306:
2200:
Rediscovering Palestine: Merchants and Peasants in Jabal Nablus, 1700-1900
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3041:
1051:
1001:
963:
923:
903:
686:
508:
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390:
362:
290:
251:
166:
130:
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Reapproaching Borders: New Perspectives on the Study of Israel-Palestine
2474:
The decline of Arab unity: the rise and fall of the United Arab Republic
1170:
Arabs and Arabism from the Third Century to the Fourth Century Stone Age
511:'s provisional government in Damascus. Ideologically, Darwaza became an
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732:
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263:
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Arab Nationalism – A History: Nation and State in the Arab World
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Az-ziʻāmāt wa-'l-usar al-lubnānīja al-iqṭāʻīja ʻalā iḫtilāf aṭ-ṭawā'if
1453:
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which first erupted in his hometown of Nablus with the launch of the
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His ideas helped the spread the word of secular pan-Arabism against
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which states the Qur'an was originally preserved on a tablet in the
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Military Preparations of the Arab Community in Palestine, 1945-1948
1646:
Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs
1522:
Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs
1283:
Al-imārāt al-ʻarabīya as-šāmila fi Jazīrat al-Furāt wa-šamāl Sūrīya
293:
as a result of his activities and from there he helped support the
50:
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1185:
Egyptian Arabis in the Past and Present, or Before and After Islam
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1022:
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1236:في سبيل قضية فلسطين والوحدة العربية ومن وحي النكبة ولأجل معالجتها
996:
745:
678:
2541:
1342:الإمارات العربية الشاملة في المغرب الأقصى والجزائر وتونس وليبيا
1020:—which Darwaza did—he had to justify his position by seeking a
1016:
was quite uncommon to follow a chronological order for a whole
879:. In the book, Darwaza begins by describing the origins of the
665:(left) during their internment in the British military camp of
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and Great Britain—were an overwhelming force to contend with.
456:
1317:
Al-imārāt al-ʻarabīya as-šāmila fī šarq al-Urdunn wa-Filasṭīn
1434:
Ad-Dustūr al-qur'ānī was-sunna an-nabawīya fī šu'ūn al-ḥayāt
1178:
Urūbat Misr fi l-qadīm wal-hadīt au qåbl al-islām wa-ba'dahu
507:
of 1916, Darwaza left the Ottoman civil service to serve in
250:
against the Ottoman Empire in 1916, joining the nationalist
1165:العرب والعروبة من القرن الثالث حتى القرن الرابع عشر الهجر
962:, sent down to lowest heaven and from there gradually to
285:
party in Palestine and was a principal organizer of anti-
1122:
The History of the Children of Israel from Their Travels
877:
Lessons of Arab History: From Antiquity to Present Times
994:
He contends that the presentation of the Quran and its
939:
and it was there where he wrote the rough draft of his
689:, and dedication to the Palestinian nationalist ideal.
543:
who preferred that Palestine be an independent entity.
1819:
1817:
1256:الزعامات والأسر اللبنانية الإقطاعية على اختلاف الطوائف
1193:
Asr an-nabī 'alaih as-salām wa-bai'atuhu qabl al-ba'ta
637:, the leader of the Young Men's Muslim Association of
727:. The Mufti sent a delegation consisting of Darwaza,
3459:
Independence Party (Mandatory Palestine) politicians
1286:الإمارات العربية الشاملة في جزيرة الفرات وشمال سورية
476:. Meanwhile, Darwaza was still working in the DTPS.
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Al-imārāt al-ʻarabīya as-šāmila fi Jazīrat al-ʻarab
935:His time in Turkey exposed him to the libraries of
715:Darwaza was one of the principal organizers of the
246:and became an activist of that cause following the
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3147:General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries
1482:Jihad in the Path of Allah in the Quran and Hadith
1350:Al-imārāt al-ʻarabīya as-šāmila fī Sūrīya al-wusṭā
1181:عروبة مصر في القادم والحديث أو قبل الإسلام وبعدها
753:Central Committee for National Jihad in Palestine
274:and his beliefs in Arab unity and the oneness of
254:society. As such, he campaigned for the union of
3499:People of the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine
1838:
1823:
1078:other words, culture, language, and history not
898:In 1934, Darwaza published a widely read story,
468:. In congress, he was also the delegate for the
27:Palestinian politician and historian (1888–1984)
1939:
1937:
1926:. London: The Islamic Quarterly. Archived from
1924:"The Life and Thought of 'Izz-Id-Din Al-Qassam"
401:Loyalty to dissidence toward the Ottoman Empire
3439:Academic staff of An-Najah National University
2156:
2129:
2117:
2105:
2093:
2052:
2040:
1970:
1955:
1671:
1475:al-Jihād fī sabīl Allāh fi l-Qur'an̄ wal-ḥadīt
1328:Al-imārāt al-ʻarabīya as-šāmila fī Wādi 'n-Nīl
1320:الإمارات العربية الشاملة في شرق الأردن وفلسطين
1000:was dictated by Muhammad and that the task of
446:(CUP), but withdrew soon after because of its
413:and of belonging to the larger Ottoman Muslim
3177:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
2624:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine
2553:
2140:
2138:
1775:
1773:
1591:
1589:
1437:الدستور القرآني والسنة النبوية في شؤون الحياة
887:, the end of Arab rule in the Middle East by
530:'s Nablus branch, and Secretary of the First
409:based on his feelings of identification with
8:
2076:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
1780:Kedourie; Gammer; Kostiner; Shemesh (2003).
1760:
1758:
1709:
1707:
1608:
1606:
1604:
2089:
2087:
2085:
1966:
1964:
1951:
1949:
1512:
1510:
1361:Al-imārāt al-ʻarabīya as-šāmila fi 'l-ʻIrāq
1145:The Palestinian Issue in Its Various Stages
1138:Al-äḍīya al-filasṭīnīya muḫtalaf marāḥilihā
187:Historian, Editor, Educator, Muslim scholar
2560:
2546:
2538:
2036:
2034:
1834:
1832:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
973:, which served as an introduction for the
289:demonstrations. In 1937, he was exiled to
281:Later, Darwaza co-founded the nationalist
31:
1898:
1552:
1550:
1272:Al-imārāt al-ʻarabīya as-šāmila fī Lubnān
871:One of the first modern histories of the
242:. Darwaza had long been a sympathizer of
226:politician, historian, and educator from
3257:Coat of arms of the United Arab Republic
3187:Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation
3152:Independence Party (Mandatory Palestine)
1808:
1635:
1633:
1612:
1595:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1353:الإمارات العربية الشاملة في سوريا الوسطى
3132:Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction)
3117:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order
2144:
1874:
1862:
1850:
1749:
1737:
1624:
1580:
1568:
1506:
1398:Ad-Dustūr al-qur 'ānī fī šu'ūn al-ḥayāt
1375:الإمارات العربية الشاملة في جزيرة العرب
397:, became "a self-taught intellectual."
230:. Early in his career, he worked as an
3127:Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)
2429:The Origins of Palestinian Nationalism
2064:
2025:
2006:
1994:
1982:
1764:
1725:
1713:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1556:
1524:(PASSIA) place his birth year at 1887.
1331:الإمارات العربية الشاملة في وادي النيل
1209:Našʼat al-ḥaraka al-ʻarabīja al-ḥadīta
1124:]. al-Maktabah al-ʻAṣrīyah. 1958.
677:) as the General Administrator of the
3429:20th-century Muslim scholars of Islam
1478:الجهاد في سبيل الله في القرآن والحديث
1216:The Birth of the Modern Arab Movement
550:on 10 June 1919. They first met with
301:. He was incarcerated in Damascus by
7:
3489:Palestinian people imprisoned abroad
2520:Maḥmūd Shaltūt and Islamic modernism
1910:
1886:
681:(Islamic religious trust) under the
585:In the first week of July 1919, the
3424:20th-century Palestinian historians
3167:National Liberation Front (Algeria)
1054:and those who believed in separate
914:Quranic studies and interpretations
349:Darwaza was born to a middle-class
219:
3514:Civilians who were court-martialed
3454:Arab people from Ottoman Palestine
3449:Arab people in Mandatory Palestine
3107:Arab Socialist Union Party (Syria)
2629:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine
2471:Podeh, Elie; Ma'oz, Moshe (1999).
2269:; Shareef, Abdul-Kader A. (1993).
2251:. University of California Press.
2203:. University of California Press.
1364:الإمارات العربية الشاملة في العراق
1141:القضية الفلسطينية في مختلف مراحلها
405:Originally, Darwaza supported the
385:, as well as a basic knowledge of
25:
3509:Prisoners and detainees of France
3172:Palestine Liberation Organization
2366:The Palestinian People: A History
1275:الإمارات العربية الشاملة في لبنان
1115:Ta'rīḫ Banī Isrā'īl min asfārihim
653:Fight against the British Mandate
84:General Administrator of the Waqf
3479:20th-century Palestinian writers
3434:20th-century short story writers
3386:
3385:
3112:Arabian Peninsula People's Union
2795:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
867:Darwaza in traditional Arab robe
717:1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine
49:
3484:Palestinian short story writers
2755:November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état
2338:The Origins of Arab Nationalism
2290:Kayyālī, 'Abd al-Wahab (1978).
833:. After Egypt adopted its 1956
444:Committee of Union and Progress
431:and was enthusiastic about the
3197:Union of Arab Republics (1972)
2959:Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz
1455:Al-Mar'a fi l-Qur'an was-sunna
1:
3469:Palestinian Arab nationalists
2432:. Columbia University Press.
2341:. Columbia University Press.
1641:"Palestinian personalities D"
1294:al-Yahūd fi 'l-qurān al-karīm
900:The Angel and the Land Broker
792:The Mufti re-established the
601:a mandate over Palestine and
3142:Federation of Arab Republics
3102:Arab Socialist Union (Libya)
3092:Arab Socialist Union (Egypt)
2693:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
2641:Arab separatism in Khuzestan
2502:. Rowman & Littlefield.
2426:Muslih, Muhammad Y. (1988).
2405:Matthews, Weldon C. (2006).
2369:. Harvard University Press.
1839:Kimmerling & Migdal 2003
1824:Kimmerling & Migdal 2003
1414:At-Tafsīr al-ḥadīt̲ as-Suwar
1118:تاريخ بني إسرائيل من أسفارهم
628:an-Najah National University
528:Muslim-Christian Association
499:, he joined the underground
128:1984 (aged 95–96)
3267:Flag of the Arab Federation
3097:Arab Socialist Union (Iraq)
3087:Arab Socialist Action Party
2523:, Oxford University Press,
2456:. Garnet and Ithaca Press.
2293:Palestine: A Modern History
1212:نشأة الحركة العربية الحديثة
855:Rudaina and a son, Zuhair.
515:endorsing the concept of a
336:, Arab history, and Islam.
3530:
3238:On the Way of Resurrection
3231:The Battle for One Destiny
3162:Lebanese National Movement
2603:Third International Theory
2173:Choueiri, Youssef (2000).
2130:Hawting & Shareef 1993
2118:Hawting & Shareef 1993
2106:Hawting & Shareef 1993
2094:Hawting & Shareef 1993
1971:Hawting & Shareef 1993
1956:Hawting & Shareef 1993
1943:Abu-Ghazaleh, 1973, p. 22.
1672:Hawting & Shareef 1993
1496:List of people from Nablus
721:Palestinian general strike
491:Promoting unity with Syria
3464:Ottoman Arab nationalists
3381:
3192:Unified Political Command
3082:Arab Nationalist Movement
2979:Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi
2775:1969 Sudanese coup d'état
2646:1979 Khuzestan insurgency
2477:. Sussex Academic Press.
517:Greater Syrian Arab state
345:Early life and background
262:) and vehemently opposed
205:
99:
88:
72:
60:
48:
41:
2700:1952 Egyptian revolution
2492:Sufian, Sandra Marlene;
2384:Levenberg, Haim (1993).
2272:Approaches to the Qurʼān
2077:Sufian & LeVine 2007
1690:"Izzat Muhammad Darwaza"
1516:Most sources, including
1477:
1457:
1436:
1424:
1374:
1363:
1352:
1341:
1330:
1319:
1296:
1285:
1274:
1255:
1235:
1211:
1180:
1164:
1140:
1117:
1101:
829:forming the short-lived
692:He began to edit in the
675:Grand Mufti of Jerusalem
541:Palestinian nationalists
268:an-Najah National School
42:
3504:20th-century memoirists
3353:Palestinian nationalism
3272:Flag of the Arab Revolt
2765:1966 Syrian coup d'état
2745:1963 Syrian coup d'état
2725:1961 Syrian coup d'état
1458:المرأة في القرآن والسنة
1297:اليهود في القرآن الكريم
1070:". Darwaza remarked on
789:until the end of 1945.
704:and others founded the
694:al-Ja'miyya al-Arabiyya
587:General Syrian Congress
532:Palestine Arab Congress
370:the middle of Nablus."
320:In 1946, he joined the
212:Muhammad 'Izzat Darwaza
18:Muhammad Izzat Darwazah
3474:Palestinian memoirists
2780:1969 Libyan revolution
2658:1941 Iraqi coup d'état
2157:Podeh & Ma'oz 1999
2053:Podeh & Ma'oz 1999
2041:Podeh & Ma'oz 1999
1301:Jews in the Holy Quran
1052:religious nationalists
868:
810:Prime Minister of Iraq
683:Supreme Muslim Council
670:
564:Hussam ad-Din Jarallah
196:Supreme Muslim Council
3338:Jordanian nationalism
3072:Arab Islamic Republic
3067:Arab Higher Committee
2944:Rashid Ali al-Gaylani
2924:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
2735:North Yemen civil war
2668:Arab–Israeli conflict
2517:Zebiri, Kate (1993),
2311:Khalaf, Issa (1991).
1064:Palestinian destinies
866:
794:Arab Higher Committee
731:, and Abd al-Hadi to
660:
635:Rashid al-Haj Ibrahim
597:'s decision to grant
548:King-Crane Commission
524:World War I Armistice
462:Arab Congress of 1913
433:Young Turk Revolution
353:mercantile family in
322:Arab Higher Committee
200:Arab Higher Committee
65:Secretary-General of
3373:Tunisian nationalism
3343:Lebanese nationalism
3303:Egyptian nationalism
3298:Algerian nationalism
3202:United Arab Republic
3077:Arab Liberation Army
3057:Arab Ba'ath Movement
2914:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
2227:. Psychology Press.
1080:religious solidarity
932:("interpretation").
831:United Arab Republic
785:, mostly staying in
757:Izz al-Din al-Qassam
661:Darwaza (right) and
560:Raghib al-Nashashibi
552:Haj Amin al-Husseini
334:Palestinian question
326:Haj Amin al-Husseini
3363:Sahrawi nationalism
2720:1959 Mosul uprising
2653:Great Syrian Revolt
2179:. Wiley-Blackwell.
1700:on 1 November 2009.
1654:on 28 October 2007.
949:Al-Tafsir al-Hadith
945:al-Tafsir al-Hadith
774:Citadel of Damascus
595:San Remo Conference
472:subdistrict of the
448:Turkish nationalist
315:al-Tafsir al-Hadith
299:Mandatory Palestine
222:; 1888–1984) was a
55:Portrait of Darwaza
3494:People from Nablus
3368:Syrian nationalism
3348:Libyan nationalism
3308:Greater Mauritania
3224:The Arab Awakening
3207:United Arab States
3182:Rejectionist Front
2989:Gamal Abdel Nasser
2800:Yemeni unification
2790:Lebanese Civil War
2770:17 July Revolution
2740:Ramadan Revolution
2715:14 July Revolution
1072:Gamal Abdel Nasser
869:
710:Jewish immigration
671:
621:Educator in Nablus
474:District of Nablus
427:). He was also an
303:French authorities
179:political activist
3399:
3398:
3328:Iraqi nationalism
3019:Constantin Zureiq
2869:Abdul Rahman Arif
2849:Butrus al-Bustani
2509:978-0-7425-4639-4
2439:978-0-231-06509-2
2397:978-0-7146-3439-5
2324:978-0-7914-0708-0
2132:, p. 245-246
2028:, p. 145-146
1716:, p. 193-194
1559:, p. 146-148
1099:Turkīya al-ḥadīta
645:) and patriotic (
209:
208:
16:(Redirected from
3521:
3389:
3388:
3262:Eagle of Saladin
2969:Amin al-Husseini
2934:Faisal I of Iraq
2904:Sultan al-Atrash
2899:Mansur al-Atrash
2874:Abdul Salam Arif
2683:War of Attrition
2569:Arab nationalism
2562:
2555:
2548:
2539:
2533:
2513:
2488:
2467:
2443:
2422:
2401:
2380:
2352:
2328:
2307:
2286:
2262:
2238:
2214:
2190:
2160:
2154:
2148:
2142:
2133:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2109:
2103:
2097:
2091:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2029:
2023:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1974:
1968:
1959:
1953:
1944:
1941:
1932:
1931:
1920:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1878:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1842:
1836:
1827:
1821:
1812:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1777:
1768:
1762:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1735:
1729:
1723:
1717:
1711:
1702:
1701:
1696:. Archived from
1686:
1675:
1669:
1656:
1655:
1650:. Archived from
1637:
1628:
1622:
1616:
1610:
1599:
1593:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1566:
1560:
1554:
1525:
1514:
1485:
1470:
1449:
1428:
1417:
1409:
1386:
1378:
1367:
1356:
1345:
1334:
1323:
1312:
1289:
1278:
1267:
1248:
1227:
1204:
1188:
1173:
1156:
1133:
1110:
725:Sarafand al-Amar
702:Awni Abd al-Hadi
667:Sarafand al-Amar
663:Awni Abd al-Hadi
556:Kamil al-Husayni
513:Arab nationalist
244:Arab nationalism
221:
177:Arab nationalist
104:Personal details
93:
77:
53:
32:
21:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3518:
3404:
3403:
3400:
3395:
3377:
3313:Greater Morocco
3286:
3282:Pan-Arab colors
3277:Hawk of Quraish
3243:
3211:
3062:Arab Federation
3023:
3009:Abdullah Rimawi
2984:Mostéfa Merarda
2939:Muammar Gaddafi
2919:Ahmed Ben Bella
2894:Jamal al-Atassi
2884:Bashar al-Assad
2835:
2804:
2785:Black September
2663:Anglo-Iraqi War
2607:
2571:
2566:
2536:
2531:
2516:
2510:
2491:
2485:
2470:
2464:
2446:
2440:
2425:
2419:
2411:. I.B. Tauris.
2404:
2398:
2383:
2377:
2355:
2349:
2331:
2325:
2310:
2304:
2289:
2283:
2265:
2259:
2241:
2235:
2217:
2211:
2193:
2187:
2172:
2168:
2163:
2155:
2151:
2143:
2136:
2128:
2124:
2116:
2112:
2104:
2100:
2092:
2083:
2075:
2071:
2063:
2059:
2051:
2047:
2039:
2032:
2024:
2013:
2005:
2001:
1993:
1989:
1981:
1977:
1969:
1962:
1954:
1947:
1942:
1935:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1909:
1905:
1897:
1893:
1885:
1881:
1873:
1869:
1861:
1857:
1849:
1845:
1837:
1830:
1822:
1815:
1807:
1803:
1796:
1779:
1778:
1771:
1763:
1756:
1748:
1744:
1736:
1732:
1724:
1720:
1712:
1705:
1688:
1687:
1678:
1670:
1659:
1639:
1638:
1631:
1623:
1619:
1615:, p. 25-26
1611:
1602:
1594:
1587:
1579:
1575:
1571:, p. 59-61
1567:
1563:
1555:
1528:
1515:
1508:
1504:
1492:
1479:
1473:
1459:
1452:
1438:
1431:
1426:
1420:
1412:
1396:
1393:
1381:
1376:
1370:
1365:
1359:
1354:
1348:
1343:
1337:
1332:
1326:
1321:
1315:
1298:
1292:
1287:
1281:
1276:
1270:
1257:
1251:
1237:
1230:
1213:
1207:
1191:
1182:
1176:
1166:
1159:
1142:
1136:
1119:
1113:
1103:
1096:
1093:
1088:
1040:
971:Qur'an al-Majid
916:
881:Semitic peoples
861:
818:
759:'s call for a "
655:
623:
580:British Mandate
572:Musa al-Husayni
497:Sinai Peninsula
493:
403:
347:
342:
162:
161:Other political
151:Political party
129:
113:
94:
89:
78:
73:
56:
44:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3527:
3525:
3517:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3406:
3405:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3294:
3292:
3291:Related topics
3288:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3253:
3251:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3157:Islamic Legion
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3047:Al-Mourabitoun
3044:
3039:
3033:
3031:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3014:Hamdeen Sabahi
3011:
3006:
3004:Fuad al-Rikabi
3001:
2996:
2994:Adnan Pachachi
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2964:Saddam Hussein
2961:
2956:
2954:Sati' al-Husri
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2889:Hafez al-Assad
2886:
2881:
2879:Zaki al-Arsuzi
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2845:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2812:
2810:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2760:Aden Emergency
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2705:Iraqi Intifada
2702:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2690:
2688:Yom Kippur War
2685:
2680:
2675:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2649:
2648:
2638:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2621:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2583:Arab socialism
2579:
2577:
2573:
2572:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2557:
2550:
2542:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2514:
2508:
2489:
2483:
2468:
2462:
2444:
2438:
2423:
2417:
2402:
2396:
2381:
2375:
2357:Kimmerling, B.
2353:
2347:
2329:
2323:
2317:. SUNY Press.
2308:
2302:
2287:
2281:
2263:
2257:
2239:
2233:
2215:
2209:
2191:
2185:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2149:
2134:
2122:
2110:
2098:
2081:
2069:
2057:
2045:
2030:
2011:
1999:
1987:
1975:
1960:
1945:
1933:
1930:on 7 May 2017.
1915:
1903:
1899:Levenberg 1993
1891:
1879:
1867:
1855:
1843:
1828:
1813:
1801:
1794:
1769:
1754:
1742:
1730:
1718:
1703:
1676:
1657:
1629:
1617:
1600:
1585:
1573:
1561:
1526:
1518:Rashid Khalidi
1505:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1471:
1450:
1429:
1422:Sīrat ar-Rasūl
1418:
1410:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1379:
1368:
1357:
1346:
1335:
1324:
1313:
1290:
1279:
1268:
1249:
1228:
1205:
1189:
1174:
1157:
1134:
1111:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1047:in the world.
1039:
1036:
1034:and Damascus.
960:seventh heaven
915:
912:
860:
859:Literary works
857:
817:
814:
654:
651:
622:
619:
568:Aref al-Dajani
522:Following the
492:
489:
481:Arabic culture
407:Ottoman Empire
402:
399:
395:Rashid Khalidi
367:Khan al-Tujjar
346:
343:
341:
338:
311:interpretation
276:Arabic culture
234:bureaucrat in
220:محمد عزة دروزة
207:
206:
203:
202:
193:
189:
188:
185:
181:
180:
174:
170:
169:
164:
158:
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152:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
126:
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119:Ottoman Empire
110:
106:
105:
101:
100:
97:
96:
86:
85:
81:
80:
70:
69:
62:
61:
58:
57:
54:
46:
45:
43:محمد عزة دروزة
39:
38:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3526:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3444:Anti-Zionists
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3402:
3392:
3384:
3383:
3380:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3323:Greater Yemen
3321:
3319:
3318:Greater Syria
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3235:
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3228:
3226:
3225:
3221:
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3218:
3214:
3208:
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3200:
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3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
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3150:
3148:
3145:
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3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3029:Organizations
3026:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2949:George Habash
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2929:Izzat Darwaza
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2864:Yasser Arafat
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2841:Personalities
2838:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2816:Arab identity
2814:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2730:Arab Cold War
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2563:
2558:
2556:
2551:
2549:
2544:
2543:
2540:
2532:
2530:0-19-826330-9
2526:
2522:
2521:
2515:
2511:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2486:
2484:1-902210-20-4
2480:
2476:
2475:
2469:
2465:
2463:0-86372-235-0
2459:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2435:
2431:
2430:
2424:
2420:
2418:1-84511-173-7
2414:
2410:
2409:
2403:
2399:
2393:
2390:. Routledge.
2389:
2388:
2382:
2378:
2376:0-674-01129-5
2372:
2368:
2367:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2348:0-231-07435-2
2344:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2309:
2305:
2303:0-85664-635-0
2299:
2296:. Routledge.
2295:
2294:
2288:
2284:
2282:0-415-05755-8
2278:
2275:. Routledge.
2274:
2273:
2268:
2267:Hawting, G.R.
2264:
2260:
2258:0-520-21070-0
2254:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2230:
2226:
2225:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2210:0-520-20370-4
2206:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2186:0-631-21729-0
2182:
2178:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2158:
2153:
2150:
2147:, p. 179
2146:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2126:
2123:
2120:, p. 240
2119:
2114:
2111:
2108:, p. 232
2107:
2102:
2099:
2096:, p. 228
2095:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2079:, p. 294
2078:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2009:, p. 130
2008:
2003:
2000:
1997:, p. 178
1996:
1991:
1988:
1985:, p. 267
1984:
1979:
1976:
1973:, p. 226
1972:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1958:, p. 225
1957:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1925:
1919:
1916:
1913:, p. 297
1912:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1895:
1892:
1889:, p. 249
1888:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1868:
1865:, p. 172
1864:
1859:
1856:
1853:, p. 167
1852:
1847:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1826:, p. 114
1825:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1809:Matthews 2006
1805:
1802:
1797:
1795:9780714652962
1791:
1787:
1783:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1767:, p. 203
1766:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1734:
1731:
1728:, p. 196
1727:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1674:, p. 237
1673:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1649:
1647:
1642:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1627:, p. 178
1626:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1613:Choueiri 2000
1609:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1598:, p. 267
1597:
1596:Matthews 2006
1592:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1483:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1384:
1380:
1373:
1369:
1362:
1358:
1351:
1347:
1340:
1336:
1329:
1325:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1303:]. 1980.
1302:
1295:
1291:
1284:
1280:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1218:]. 1971.
1217:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1147:]. 1959.
1146:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1107:Modern Turkey
1104:
1102:تركية الحديثة
1100:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1086:List of works
1085:
1083:
1081:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
998:
992:
990:
989:
984:
980:
976:
972:
967:
965:
961:
957:
956:
950:
946:
942:
938:
933:
931:
930:
925:
921:
913:
911:
907:
905:
901:
896:
894:
890:
886:
885:rise of Islam
882:
878:
874:
865:
858:
856:
852:
849:
845:
841:
836:
832:
828:
823:
815:
813:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
790:
788:
784:
779:
775:
770:
768:
767:
762:
758:
755:which echoed
754:
749:
747:
743:
742:Nuri al-Sa'id
738:
734:
730:
729:Mu'in al-Madi
726:
722:
718:
713:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
690:
688:
684:
680:
676:
668:
664:
659:
652:
650:
648:
644:
640:
636:
631:
629:
620:
618:
616:
612:
606:
604:
600:
599:Great Britain
596:
592:
588:
583:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
544:
542:
537:
533:
529:
525:
520:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
490:
488:
486:
482:
477:
475:
471:
467:
463:
458:
454:
449:
445:
441:
440:Turkification
436:
434:
430:
426:
423:and northern
422:
418:
417:
412:
408:
400:
398:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
377:, he learned
376:
371:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
344:
339:
337:
335:
331:
327:
323:
318:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
279:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
256:Greater Syria
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
217:
213:
204:
201:
197:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
175:
171:
168:
165:
159:
156:
153:
149:
146:
143:
139:
136:
132:
127:
123:
120:
116:
111:
107:
102:
98:
92:
87:
82:
76:
71:
68:
63:
59:
52:
47:
40:
36:Izzat Darwaza
33:
30:
19:
3401:
3358:Pan-Islamism
3236:
3229:
3222:
3122:Ba'ath Party
2999:Ameen Rihani
2928:
2859:Jassem Alwan
2854:Michel Aflaq
2710:Algerian War
2636:Iraqi Revolt
2519:
2498:
2473:
2452:
2428:
2407:
2386:
2365:
2361:Migdal, J.S.
2337:
2313:
2292:
2271:
2247:
2243:Gelvin, J.L.
2223:
2199:
2175:
2166:Bibliography
2152:
2145:Khalidi 1993
2125:
2113:
2101:
2072:
2067:, p. xi
2060:
2055:, p. 26
2048:
2043:, p. 29
2002:
1990:
1978:
1928:the original
1918:
1906:
1901:, p. 69
1894:
1882:
1877:, p. 43
1875:Elpeleg 1993
1870:
1863:Kayyālī 1978
1858:
1851:Kayyālī 1978
1846:
1841:, p. 97
1811:, p. 52
1804:
1781:
1752:, p. 79
1750:Kayyālī 1978
1745:
1740:, p. 69
1738:Kayyālī 1978
1733:
1721:
1698:the original
1693:
1652:the original
1644:
1625:Khalidi 1993
1620:
1583:, p. 57
1581:Doumani 1995
1576:
1569:Doumani 1995
1564:
1484:]. 1975.
1481:
1474:
1454:
1433:
1421:
1413:
1397:
1382:
1371:
1360:
1349:
1338:
1327:
1316:
1300:
1293:
1282:
1271:
1252:
1232:
1215:
1208:
1192:
1187:]. 1963.
1184:
1177:
1172:]. 1959.
1169:
1161:
1144:
1137:
1121:
1114:
1109:]. 1946.
1106:
1098:
1076:
1049:
1041:
1021:
1017:
1014:
995:
993:
986:
978:
974:
970:
968:
953:
948:
944:
940:
934:
927:
917:
908:
899:
897:
876:
870:
853:
835:constitution
819:
791:
771:
764:
750:
714:
693:
691:
672:
646:
642:
632:
624:
607:
591:Aref al-Aref
584:
545:
521:
494:
478:
453:anti-Zionist
437:
414:
404:
372:
351:Sunni Muslim
348:
319:
314:
280:
258:(modern-day
211:
210:
163:affiliations
90:
74:
29:
3419:1984 deaths
3414:1888 births
3052:Arab Ba'ath
2974:Salah Jadid
2831:Arabization
2678:Six-Day War
2673:Suez Crisis
2619:Arab Revolt
2598:Pan-Arabism
2333:Khalidi, R.
2219:Elpeleg, Z.
2195:Doumani, B.
2159:, p. 7
2065:Muslih 1988
2026:Zebiri 1993
2007:Khalaf 1991
1995:Khalaf 1991
1983:Khalaf 1991
1765:Muslih 1988
1726:Muslih 1988
1714:Muslih 1988
1694:MSN Encarta
1557:Muslih 1988
1425:سيرة الرسول
1045:nationalism
873:Arab nation
806:Salih Jaber
802:Arab League
698:Middle East
603:Transjordan
509:King Faisal
505:Arab Revolt
485:World War I
295:Arab revolt
248:Arab Revolt
224:Palestinian
145:Palestinian
141:Nationality
3408:Categories
3216:Literature
2909:Tariq Aziz
2826:Arab world
2821:Arab Union
2750:Dhofar War
2494:LeVine, M.
2448:Nafi, B.M.
2234:0714634328
1784:. p.
1502:References
816:Later life
798:Emil Ghuri
735:, then to
611:conference
192:Committees
184:Profession
173:Occupation
3249:Symbolism
2593:Nasserism
2588:Ba'athism
1911:Nafi 1998
1887:Nafi 1998
1467:313626840
1446:164694449
1406:164704043
1309:164575908
1264:257483368
1245:164700511
1201:164689017
1153:703904824
1026:from the
943:entitled
647:wataniyya
633:In 1927,
536:Jerusalem
340:Biography
313:entitled
236:Palestine
95:1930–1937
91:In office
79:1932–1947
75:In office
3391:Category
3333:Islamism
3042:Al-Fatat
2809:Concepts
2576:Ideology
2496:(2007).
2450:(1998).
2363:(2003).
2335:(1993).
2245:(1998).
2221:(1993).
2197:(1995).
1648:(PASSIA)
1490:See also
1461:. 1967.
1440:. 1966.
1400:. 1956.
1258:. 1978.
1239:. 1972.
1224:46088295
1195:. 1964.
1130:13174879
1060:Lebanese
1002:Abu Bakr
985:and the
964:Muhammad
924:exegesis
904:Tel Aviv
840:American
761:holy war
706:Istiqlal
687:Islamism
643:qawmiyya
501:al-Fatat
470:Jamma'in
391:Istanbul
363:Damascus
291:Damascus
283:Istiqlal
252:al-Fatat
167:al-Fatat
155:Istiqlal
131:Damascus
67:Istiqlal
3037:Al-Awda
2612:History
1427:. 1965.
1416:. 1962.
1391:Islamic
1385:. 1993.
1377:. 1983.
1366:. 1981.
1355:. 1981.
1344:. 1981.
1333:. 1981.
1322:. 1981.
1288:. 1978.
1277:. 1978.
1091:History
1068:Prussia
766:mujahid
733:Baghdad
429:Arabist
425:Samaria
421:Galilee
383:English
379:Turkish
324:led by
297:in the
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264:Zionism
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1028:muftis
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975:tafsir
955:hadith
941:tafsir
929:tafsir
889:Turkic
883:, the
848:Indian
846:, and
844:Soviet
808:, the
783:Turkey
737:Riyadh
669:, 1936
615:France
566:, and
387:French
375:Arabic
359:Beirut
355:Nablus
307:Qur'an
260:Levant
228:Nablus
216:Arabic
115:Nablus
3137:Fatah
1786:p. 31
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1023:fatwa
997:suras
937:Bursa
920:Quran
827:Egypt
822:Syria
787:Bursa
778:Quran
639:Haifa
576:Jaffa
466:Paris
464:) in
416:ummah
411:Islam
330:Egypt
272:Islam
135:Syria
2525:ISBN
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1463:OCLC
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988:jinn
979:sira
893:Iraq
746:Iraq
679:Waqf
554:and
457:Jews
381:and
361:and
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198:and
125:Died
112:1888
109:Born
1030:of
1010:Ali
744:of
534:in
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