218:, came to Kano and his kin assumed stewardship of various important towns in Kano, mainly, the historic Hadejia, Gayam, and Dal. The new ruler of Hadejia was also bestowed the stewardship of Garin Gabas. Dal was located strategically between Burum Burum, Rano and the pagans of Southern Kano. This could be seen as a reward for Gaya's role in the Rumfawa's accession or part of the terms for their submission to Kano. Gaya was one of the last major provinces to be fully incorporated into Kano.
197:. He was also the first sarki who practised "Kame". He appointed Durman to go round the dwellings of the Indabawa and take every first-born virgin for him. He was the first sarki to have a thousand wives. His era of oligarchs came to be eponymously known as the "Rumfawa", and would last until their replacement by the "Kutumbawa" in 1623. Muhammad Rumfa is considered by historians to be Kano's greatest ruler in pre-jihad era due to the reforms executed during his reign.
438:(sheds) where they could keep the food out of the dogs' reach. At first, the Sultan was dismissive of the child's advice but his advisers saw the wisdom of the child's statement and compelled the Sultan to consider it. The child's advice worked and the people prayed that he would one day become Sultan. Muhammad would later become the twenty second ruler of Kano and the first Emperor of the Kanoan Empire.
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409:, have argued that the omission of the Songhai Invasion from the Hausa Chronicles is due to the indifference of the Hausa States when it came to non Hausa States. It is widely accepted that if the Songhai Conquest in Hausaland happened, it was merely a paltry event. Rumfa's supposed marriage to Askiyas daughter may have been diplomatic. Some attribute the conquest entirely to Kanta Kotal.
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no lasting impact and the effects were over-inflated while being open to the possibility that the invasion never happened at all. Furthermore, the
Songhai and Hausa Chronicles make no mention of this event. The Kano Chronicle while fair enough to mention Kano's misfortunes at various times made no mention of the Songhai Conquest. Others like
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and
Katsina who sought for Askiya's intervention in dealing with Kano but ended up being the first casualties of his conquest. After a long siege, Kano fell to Songhai forces. Askiya had some of his men, reside in kano to collect the imposed tax and exhorted Rumfa to marry his daughter believed to be
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The lineage of
Muhammad Rumfa and his two predecessors is the subject of much debate. The Kano Chronicle lists Rumfa as the son of Yakubu, the nineteenth ruler of Kano and Fasima Berana (a Kanuri name). However, some sources list Rumfa, Yakubu, and Abdullahi Burja as paternal half brothers and others
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He began the custom of giving to eunuchs the offices of state, among them, Dan Kusuba, Dan Jigawa, Dan
Tarbana, Sarkin Gabbas, Sarkin Tudu, Sarkin Eua, Maaji, Sarkin Bai, Sarkin Kofa. There were four eunuchs left without a title. He said to them, “I make you chiefs of the Treasury.” The name of one
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Whenever he came to a town, he took a handful of the soil of the country and put it beside that of Medina. If they did not correspond he passed that town. So he journeyed until he came to Kano. And when he compared the soil of Kano with Medina soil they resembled one another and became as one soil.
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about events that may have transpired around Rumfa's era and sort to glorify the exploits of the Askiya. Other historians have argued that the
Songhai authority over Hausaland was "at best ephemeral and perhaps non-existent". Humphrey J Fisher argued that while the invasion may have happened it had
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came to the city of Kano during the reign of Rumfa to spread Islam. He brought with him many books. He ordered Rumfa to build a mosque for Friday prayers and to cut down the sacred tree and build a minaret on the site. And when he had established the faith of Islam, and there was a rise in learned
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Abdu
Rahaman lived in Kano and established Islam. He brought with him many books. He ordered Rimfa to build a mosque for Friday, and to cut down the sacred tree and build a minaret on the site. And when he had established the Faith of Islam, and learned men had grown numerous in Kano, and all the
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as a sample and set out comparing the soil sample to each place he visited until he came to Kano where he saw a resemblance between the soils. There he concluded that he had found his destination. He came with many
Islamic books and sought to teach the people about the Islamic faith. When he felt
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or from Kula in
Northern Gaya. It is believed that while the Rumfawa were likely descendants of Bagauda, their faction were primarily based in or ceased power with the aid of Gaya and possibly the backing of Bornu. The events that transpired in the reign of his predecessor signified the full
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And he took up his abode at
Panisau. Then he sent in to the Sarkin Kano. The Sarkin Kano Rimfa went out together with his men, and escorted Abdu Rahaman back to the city together with his men, of whom the chief were Hanatari, Gemindodo, Gadangami, Fokai and others, 10 in all.
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Oral traditions dictate that his epithet "Rumfa" came because during his time, wild dogs were rampant and feasted on the food of Kano's inhabitants. When they came to the Sultan for a solution, his grandson
Muhammad, who was playing in his court, suggested they build
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Rumfa succeeded his father in 1463. His reign was characterized by unprecedented economic growth, numerous administrative reforms and great infrastructural development. Rumfa inherited a booming economy which saw a wave of migration of scholars and traders, mostly of
326:'s description of Kano is believed to be that of Rumfas era. He described the locals as "wealthy merchants and skilled craftsmen" and commended the cavalry of the Sultan's army. He also noted the abundance of rice, corn, cotton and citrus fruits.
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Rumfa is widely considered to be Kano's greatest king. Some of the structures he built and the administrative reforms during his reign are still being used in Kano today. The Kings palace, Gidan Rumfa, is named after him. So is the prestigious
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Under the tutelage of Al-Maghili, Rumfa made numerous Islamic reforms and encouraged the pure practice of Islam in the Sultanate, humbling the pagans (Abagayawa in particular) in the process and banning their practices. He built a
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Al-Maghili wrote the book "On the Obligation of Princes" as a guide for the Kano Sultan and for a time was an influential figure in his court. Some of Maghili's descendants and that of his entourage (Sharifai) are still in Kano.
494:. They were Abdu Rahaman and his people. There is a story that the Prophet appeared to Abdu Rahaman in a dream and said to him, “Get up and go west and establish Islam.” Abdu Rahaman got up and took a handful of the soil of
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was also first used during his reign. His wealth is owed to Kano's commercial prosperity during this period. Kano arguably achieved the height of its reputation as a trading center in the Middle Ages during his reign.
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marked the first time a war ensued between the two states. It lasted for eleven years with no decisive victor. During this war, the Sultan was said to be the first ruler to utilize the "Dawakan Zagi", a form of
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assimilation of Gaya into Kano and saw the men of Gaya come into prominence in the state. The Kano chronicle states that after Yakubu's accession, the King of Gaya, Agalfati, who was also the son of the King of
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The conquest of the Songhai in Hausa land was mainly drawn from the accounts of Leo Africanus. But his venture into Hausaland is the subject of debate. His account is believed to be based on hear-say in
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Muhammad Rumfa was said to have taken every first born virgin for himself and had a thousand concubines. His most notable spouse is the influential Madaki Auwa, with whom he sired his successor,
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The next year he extended the walls towards the Kofan Mata from the Kofan Dagachi and continued the work to Kofan Gertawasa and Kofan Kawayi, and from the Kofan Näissa to the Kofan Kansakali.
227:“He was a good man, just and learned. He can have no equal in might, from the time of the founding of Kano, until it shall end...surely there was no Sarki more powerful than Rumfa”
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men in Kano, Abdul Karimi returned to Massar (Egypt), leaving Sidi Fari as his deputy to carry on his work. The Kano chronicles mention Rumfa's reforms as extending the
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was first celebrated in Kano. Rumfa granted slaves positions in his government, some of whom he entrusted with the treasury. He is also said to have formed the "
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from 1463 until 1499. His reign was characterized by wealth and opulence and signaled the rise of the Kano's commercial dominance in the region.
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A Tropical Dependency: An Outline of the Ancient History of the Western Soudan with an Account of the Modern Settlement of Northern Nigeria
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The Galadima Dabuli built a house at Goda, and the Madawaki Badosa built a house at Hori. Chiroma Bugaya built a house at Dabazaro.
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He was a good man, just and learned. He can have no equal in might, from the time of the founding of Kano, until it shall end.
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country round had accepted the Faith, Abdu Karini returned to Massar, leaving Sidi Fari as his deputy to carry on his work.
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on the site of the pagan sacred tree after cutting it down. Rumfa also built numerous mosques and during his reign
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182:. Rumfa's reforms propelled Kano to its political peak, resulting in the first Kanoan Empire under his grandson
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list Yakubu as the first of the Rumfawa. These sources state Rumfa's mother to be Fatima, a woman from Rano.
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Timbuktu and the Songhay Empire: Al-Saʻdī's Taʼrīkh Al-Sūdān Down to 1613 and Other Contemporary Documents
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Though Kano experienced growth and opulence under Rumfa's reign, the sultanate was engaged in a war with
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He appointed Durman to go round the dwellings of the Indabawa and take every first-born virgin for him.
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Surely there was no Sarki more powerful than Rimfa! He was sung as: “The Arab Sarki, of wide sway.”
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was Turaki, another was Aljira; the names of the other two were Al-Soro and Kashe Kusa.
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Fisher, Humphrey J. (1978). "Leo Africanus and the Songhay Conquest of Hausaland".
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It was in his reign that the Sallam Idi was first celebrated in Kano at Shadakoko.
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He was the first to have “Kakaki” and “Figinni,” and ostrich-feather sandals.
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He was the first Sarki who used “Dawakin Zaggi” in the war with Katsina.
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descent. The most notable of these migrants was popular Berber scholar
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Furthermore, some historians theorize that he came from Daura by way of
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Below is a full biography of Muhammad Rumfa (or Muhammad Rimfa) from
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The next year he entered his house. He established the Kurmi Market.
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642:"50 Greatest Africans - Sarki Muhammad Rumfa & Emperor Semamun"
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
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in a dream to go west and spread Islam. He then took the soil of
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480:, commonly called Rimfa. His mother’s name was Fasima Berana.
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and was reportedly the victim of an invasion by the powerful
869:, vol. 38, pp. 58–98 – via Internet Archive
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So he said, “This is the country that I saw in my dream.”
297:) was first practiced by him. The Sultan established the
810:
Saʿdī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿAbd Allāh al- (1999-01-01).
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The International Journal of African Historical Studies
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695:Hiskett, M. (1957). "The Kano Chronicle".
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837:Zahradeen, Muhammad Sani (1976).
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648:. Every Generation Media
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1302:Ibrahim Dabo
1295:Dabo Dynasty
1202:Shekkarau II
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915:. Retrieved
911:the original
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1327:Aliyu Babba
1237:Alhaji Kabe
938:Sarkin Kano
407:Lady Lugard
283:Eid al-Fitr
176:Gidan Rumfa
53:Predecessor
48:1463 - 1499
39:Sarkin Kano
27:Sarkin Kano
1416:Categories
1357:Ado Bayero
1247:Babba Zaki
1052:Shekarau I
942:1463-1499
917:2007-05-06
681:2007-05-06
652:2007-05-05
587:References
291:Kingmakers
287:Taran Kano
172:city walls
1286:Sulaimanu
1152:Abdullahi
948:Abdullahi
816:. BRILL.
751:0361-7882
705:0035-869X
625:1356-1863
500:Hausaland
303:Ombudsman
293:. Kulle (
137:known as
89:(Rumfawa)
63:Successor
1337:Usman II
1112:Kanejeji
1022:Gijimasu
713:25201990
575:—
490:came to
402:Timbuktu
262:Muhammad
254:Mujaddid
112:Religion
76:Muhammad
1242:Yaji II
1232:Kumbari
1197:Al-Hajj
1192:Kutumbi
1132:Dakauta
1057:Tsamiya
1012:Bagauda
903:ArchNet
567:Katsina
488:Sherifs
352:Katsina
336:Katsina
279:minaret
258:Katsina
216:Machina
87:Bagauda
1212:Soyaki
1162:Yakufu
1142:Yakubu
1107:Bugaya
1102:Yaji I
1047:Gujjua
1042:Naguji
1032:Gawata
1027:Nawata
1017:Warisi
931:Yakubu
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496:Medina
478:Yakubu
464:Palmer
442:Legacy
384:Zazzau
319:kakaki
313:Wealth
295:Purdah
266:Medina
242:Berber
238:Kanuri
104:Mother
98:Yakubu
94:Father
57:Yakubu
1137:Atuma
1122:Dauda
1117:Umaru
871:; in
755:JSTOR
709:JSTOR
436:rumfa
380:Kebbi
330:Feuds
271:Egypt
191:Sarki
115:Islam
82:House
45:Reign
1384:Kano
1222:Dadi
1217:Bawa
1037:Yusa
818:ISBN
791:ISBN
747:ISSN
701:ISSN
621:ISSN
492:Kano
429:Name
421:and
246:Fula
244:and
234:Arab
211:Gaya
156:Kano
73:Born
783:doi
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400:or
398:Gao
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