1881:
969:
896:, and did not wish to lose the friendship of the Sultan. The Castilian king then shifted his attention against Muhammad VI. He pressured Abu Salim to allow Muhammad V to return to Granada by threatening to attack Marinid possessions on the Iberian Peninsula. The Marinid Sultan complied; Muhammad V sailed to Gibraltar in August 1361. A rival court was established at the Marinid outpost of Ronda, with the financial backing of Peter I. When the Marinid and Castilian navy launched joint attacks on Granada's coast, Muhammad VI requested Aragon to send ships against the Marinids while he dealt with the Castilians.
989:. Muhammad VI offered to rule Granada as a vassal of Peter and to serve him as his knight. Should Peter choose to remain in Muhammad V's side, Muhammad VI asked to be exiled overseas. Initially, Peter did not commit to an answer, but he welcomed Muhammad VI and allowed him and his followers to stay in the city's Jewish quarter near Peter's palace, as royal guests. Later, however, the Castilian king acted against his guests: he arrested them after a feast that he organized, imprisoned the entire retinue in Seville's shipyard, and seized their riches.
273:
853:(chief of police) that his people had abandoned all their vices, Muhammad enquired, "And the hashish, what about that?" and was told none had been found. He answered, "I would that were so! But go to the house of So-and-so and So-and-so ..." and then provided the names and addresses of all those whose gatherings he had previously attended. The police subsequently found hashish in those places, and the police chief told Ibn al-Khatib that the Sultan became "my instructor in my own profession".
764:
708:) during Yusuf's reign. The name of the princess he married was unknown, but she was a full-blooded sister of Ismail II and a half-sister of Muhammad V, who was born of a different mother. The marriage took place some time before Yusuf's death in 1354, and they had at least one daughter, whose name is unknown. She married Muhammad ibn al-Mawl, a member of a prominent family originally from Cordoba, and this marriage produced Muhammad's grandchildren: the future sultan
775:, Ismail's ambitious mother, who had control of a substantial amount of wealth after the death of Yusuf I. She frequently visited her daughter who was married to el Bermejo, and during these meetings they planned the conspiracy. With Maryam's financial backing, el Bermejo led about 100 men to carry out a coup on 23 August 1359, a date predicted as auspicious by an astrologer. Under cover of the night during the holy month of
865:, in which Abu Salim was to keep the dethroned Muhammad V from returning to the Iberian Peninsula, while Muhammad VI arrested rebellious Moroccan princes who took asylum in Granada. Muhammad VI abandoned his predecessors' policy of alliance with Castile; instead he stopped the customary tribute to Castile and on 9 October 1360 concluded an alliance with its enemy in the
744:
816:), where he was executed. His head was cut off and thrown to the people. Next, el Bermejo found Ismail's brother Qays, who was still a child, and executed him as well. Both their bodies were dumped in public covered only with rags, before recovered and buried the next day. Ismail's ministers were then executed as well. According to historian
998:
punishment for
Muhammad VI's treason against Muhammad V, for killing Ismail II, and for entering Seville without obtaining a proper safe conduct—without this official guarantee, Peter argued that there was no betrayal. Arabic sources, especially the pro-Muhammad V official chronicles, support Peter's arguments.
993:
Muhammad VI replied, in Arabic, "What a little deed of chivalry". Peter I had blamed
Muhammad VI's alliance with Aragon in the previous war against Castile for forcing him into an unfavourable peace agreement with Peter IV, in which he had to return various castles he had taken. The Castilian chronicler
1001:
Along with
Muhammad, 36 members of his entourage were killed, while the rest—totalling about 300—were imprisoned and later poisoned, including Idris. Peter sent the blood stained heads of Muhammad VI and his men to Muhammad V in Granada. For a time before they were buried, the Sultan hanged them near
997:
wrote that
Muhammad VI's treasury was the main reason for the murder, while Ibn al-Khatib wrote that Peter also desired to demonstrate his support for Muhammad V. The execution caused an outrage at the Castilian court, where many considered it an atrocious act of betrayal, and Peter justified it as a
992:
Two days later
Muhammad VI was slain at Tablada, a castle near Seville on 25 or 27 April. Dressed in scarlet, he was led on a donkey to a field, and then tied to a stake. Peter I personally struck him with a lance, saying, "Take that for causing me to get a bad deal from the king of Aragon!" to which
980:
The advance of
Muhammad V, along with the discontent in the general population about the civil war that included the loss of Granadan territories to Castile, caused Muhammad VI to consider his position to be no longer tenable. He fled Granada on 13 April 1362 (17 Jumada al-Thani 763), accompanied by
259:
in May 1361. Castile allied itself with
Muhammad V who returned from exile in August. The war against this coalition began with partial successes for Muhammad VI, but from February 1362 onwards Peter I and Muhammad V won a string of major victories. On 13 April Muhammad VI fled Granada, allowing his
809:
El
Bermejo's power grew so much that Ismail began to oppose him. Before the Sultan could act, el Bermejo started a violent coup which resulted in his accession, either on 24 June 1360 (8 Shaban 761) or on the night of 13 July (27 Shaban), less than a year after Ismail's accession. El Bermejo's men
856:
Muhammad VI ruled tyrannically and persecuted those whom he suspected of sympathising with
Muhammad V, which, combined with his poor manners, caused many at court to flee Granada to Morocco or to the Christian Crown of Castile. He made a deal with the
235:, he led a coup that deposed the former and enthroned the latter in August 1359. He increasingly held the power of government during Ismail's rule, and in June or July 1360 he had the new Sultan killed and took the throne to himself. Muslim
300:
in
Morocco. Granada intermittently entered into alliance or went to war with both of these powers, or encouraged them to fight one another, in order to avoid being dominated by either. From time to time, the sultans of Granada swore
810:
surrounded the sultan, who barricaded himself in a tower overlooking the capital. Ismail was forced to surrender and offered to live in seclusion, but el Bermejo took him, barefooted and bareheaded, to a dungeon for criminals (
960:, the second most important city of the emirate after Granada, along with many nearby castles, giving him control of the entire western region of the emirate. These campaigns turned the tide of the war against Muhammad VI.
722:
Muhammad was nicknamed el Bermejo ("The Red One")—apparently referring to his reddish hair and beard, originally by the Christians, but the name is also attested in Muslim sources. Before his accession, he was titled
985:, Idris ibn Uthman ibn al-Ula, taking most of the royal treasury. Muhammad V entered the Alhambra three days later and was recognised as Sultan. Muhammad VI unexpectedly threw himself at the mercy of Peter I at
881:), similar to those secured by Ismail I in 1321, but soon this provision was rendered ineffective due to various unofficial obstacles implemented by Peter IV. The friendly correspondence between Muhammad VI and
927:
and Coria, but Muhammad V was antagonized by Peter's ambition to keep the conquered territories for Castile; from March onwards they led their campaigns independently. Peter took numerous fortresses, including
820:, el Bermejo's actions were motivated by fear that either royal would be used in a future court intrigue against him, as Ismail had been to dethrone Muhammad V. Thus el Bermejo took the throne as Muhammad VI.
838:
described Muhammad VI as a coarse man in dress and manners as well as lacking in oratory skills. He reportedly hunted with his dogs, appeared in public bareheaded and with rolled up sleeves, and he had a
292:
in the 1230s. Through a combination of diplomatic and military manoeuvres, the emirate succeeded in maintaining its independence, despite being located between two larger neighbours: the Christian
1506:
Fernández-Puertas, Antonio (1997). "The Three Great Sultans of al-Dawla al-Ismā'īliyya al-Naṣriyya Who Built the Fourteenth-Century Alhambra: Ismā'īl I, Yūsuf I, Muḥammad V (713–793/1314–1391)".
892:
in 1360, but the prospect of fighting on two fronts worried Peter I, who then agreed to peace with Peter IV in May 1361. Peter IV wrote to Muhammad VI that he made peace under the direction of
834:
s (regnal honorifics), al-Ghalib bi 'llah ("Victor by the Grace of God") and al-Mutawakkil ala 'llah ("He who relies on God"), an unusual practice given his lack of major achievements. Muslim
771:
During the first reign of Muhammad V, el Bermejo was involved in a conspiracy that eventually deposed the Sultan in favour of Ismail II. The other key participant of this conspiracy was
787:
Abu Nu'aym Ridwan, in front of his family, demolished his house, and took his rich possessions. Muhammad V happened to be outside the Alhambra, and fled to the eastern city of
923:, along with other captured knights and gifts to Castile, but this failed to appease Peter. Peter and Muhammad V joined their forces for an offensive in February 1362, taking
1713:
1519:
911:
against a Castilian incursion near Guadix, in which he took 2,000 prisoners, including various noblemen. In a gesture of goodwill, he returned the most important of them,
783:—the fortified palace compound of the Nasrids—taking advantage of a gap that was left unrepaired, and overwhelmed the guards. They killed Muhammad V's chief minister, the
264:. However, the Castilian king—still outraged at his previous alliance with Aragon—personally killed him with a lance on 27 April and sent his severed head to Granada.
1880:
791:
after failing to retake the palace compound. The conspirators found Ismail, who was barely twenty years old, in his assigned palace and declared him the Sultan.
2139:
667:), and therefore he was related to the Ismail I's sons and grandsons who took the throne before his reign. In 1327, Muhammad ibn Faraj claimed the throne in
1823:
1706:
Vidal Castro, Francisco (2004). "El asesinato político en al-Andalus: la muerte violenta del emir en la dinastía nazarí". In María Isabel Fierro (ed.).
798:—a minister of Muhammad V—depicted the new Sultan as a weak ruler with poor personal character. Soon, el Bermejo grew in influence and became the real
899:
Muhammad V and Peter I then launched an offensive with the intention of deposing Muhammad VI. In 1361, their troops defeated those of Muhammad VI in
2119:
1721:
1662:
1641:
1620:
1572:
1496:
873:. The six-year treaty was ratified in 16 February 1361 and included terms providing the freedom of emigrations for Aragon's Muslim subjects (
802:. Muhammad V left for exile in North Africa after unsuccessfully trying to extend his control beyond Guadix and to secure help from his ally
2134:
968:
2144:
907:, but despite the presence of Muhammad V, the Granadan royal army did not defect as they had hoped. In 15 January 1362, Muhammad VI
1816:
239:
portrayed him negatively, describing him as a tyrannical ruler with coarse manners. In October 1360, he allied himself with
2077:
2067:
1776:
1698:
1681:
2114:
309:
to the kings of Castile, an important source of income for Castile. From Castile's point of view, Granada was a royal
2059:
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912:
862:
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982:
817:
799:
2041:
2033:
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1981:
1928:
1908:
994:
672:
260:
rival to retake the throne. The desperate Muhammad VI then unexpectedly surrendered himself to Peter I in
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Las Sultanas de la Alhambra: las grandes desconocidas del reino nazarí de Granada (siglos XIII-XV)
1030:
763 AH; Vidal Castro converts it as 13 April 1362 but Fernández-Puertas mistakenly gives 13 March.
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1889:
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17:
903:. They advanced towards the Vega of Granada, and appeared to have won several skirmishes in
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that moved his head right and left uncontrollably. According to Ibn al-Khatib, he had an
682:) in the ensuing civil war. Muhammad VI was a second cousin to his immediate predecessors,
1918:
1865:
1027:
870:
858:
849:
252:
202:
183:
160:
697:(1359–1360). He was further linked to the royal lineage by his marriage to a daughter of
1739:
1601:
1589:
1467:
1002:
the section of the wall Muhammad VI had scaled to enter the Alhambra in the 1359 coup.
653:
347:
256:
221:
130:
1584:
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795:
1747:
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904:
763:
1707:
1652:
1631:
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1690:
933:
656:. He was the grandson of Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Faraj, the brother of Sultan
1673:
1527:
924:
876:
835:
236:
1479:
957:
889:
1307:
1305:
1303:
949:
937:
780:
756:
224:, he ruled for a brief period between June or July 1360 and April 1362.
1535:
743:
1833:
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941:
844:
776:
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668:
649:
306:
261:
125:
98:
84:
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310:
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1491:(in Spanish). Granada: Patronato de la Alhambra y del Generalife.
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1288:
1286:
1284:
1220:
1218:
967:
830:
762:
742:
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176:
148:
1633:
The Last Crusade in the West: Castile and the Conquest of Granada
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
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313:, while Muslim sources never described the relationship as such.
1709:
De muerte violenta: política, religión y violencia en Al-Andalus
1422:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1805:
1247:
1245:
840:
216:'He who relies on God'), was the tenth Sultan of the
735:), as per Nasrid customs for a member of the royal family.
637:: Partial family tree. Previous sultans are indicated with
167:, 1332 – 27 April 1362), also known by his
1582:
Latham, John D. & Fernández-Puertas, Antonio (1993).
648:
Muhammad ibn Ismail was born on 18 March 1333, likely in
1205:
1203:
1201:
885:
are conserved today as part of the Aragonese archives.
1311:
767:
The Emirate of Granada, with relevant towns and cities
1472:
L'Espagne musulmane au temps des Nasrides (1232–1492)
1147:
1019:
811:
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1840:
1180:
144:
136:
124:
108:
91:
78:
74:
64:
54:
46:
39:
34:
1636:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
1583:
1520:Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
1294:
1275:
1236:
1224:
1098:
1023:
972:Before his death, Muhammad VI sought asylum with
976:in Seville. Pictured: Peter's palace in Seville.
324:Family tree of Muhammad VI and his predecessors
1714:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
1438:
1426:
1395:
1359:
1159:
1074:
747:In 1360, Muhammad VI led a coup that enthroned
1657:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.
1817:
932:, Sagra (later retaken by Granada's forces),
874:
8:
1263:
1251:
276:Granada and the surrounding kingdoms in 1360
1615:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 1020–1029.
284:was the last remaining Muslim state on the
227:A second cousin and brother-in-law of both
1824:
1810:
1802:
1730:
1607:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
981:his entourage, including the chief of the
320:
197:'Victor by the Grace of God') and
31:
1567:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
1043:
1011:
1450:
1407:
1371:
1347:
1209:
1192:
1086:
1062:
1050:
919:and the brother of the royal mistress
759:complex (one of its palaces pictured).
105:
719:1432) and a daughter called Maryam.
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332:
251:, but had to face Castile alone when
7:
1508:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
1383:
1335:
1323:
847:addiction. On being informed by his
2140:14th-century people from al-Andalus
1474:(in French). Paris: E. de Boccard.
1312:Latham & Fernández-Puertas 1993
206:
187:
164:
157:Abu Abdullah Muhammad VI ibn Ismail
1695:Diccionario Biográfico electrónico
1678:Diccionario Biográfico electrónico
1026:, p. 18 give this date as 17
25:
1487:Boloix Gallardo, Bárbara (2013).
1879:
828:At his accession he adopted two
116:Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Ismail
2120:14th-century monarchs in Europe
1651:O'Callaghan, Joseph F. (2013).
1630:O'Callaghan, Joseph F. (2014).
779:, they scaled the walls of the
714:
703:
688:
677:
662:
18:Muhammed VI, Sultan of Granada
1:
956:. Meanwhile, Muhammad V took
693:1354-1359 and 1362-1391) and
652:, and a member of the ruling
27:Sultan of Granada (1332–1362)
1699:Real Academia de la Historia
1682:Real Academia de la Historia
296:to the north and the Muslim
165:أبو عبد الله محمد بن إسماعيل
114:أبو عبد الله محمد بن إسماعيل
1654:A History of Medieval Spain
1564:Islamic Spain, 1250 to 1500
1338:, p. 110, also note 6.
888:Castile defeated Aragon in
812:
50:June/July 1360 – April 1362
2161:
2135:14th century in al-Andalus
1516:Cambridge University Press
1877:
1790:
1781:
1773:
1768:
1733:
1689:Vidal Castro, Francisco.
1672:Vidal Castro, Francisco.
1528:10.1017/S1356186300008294
1148:Vidal Castro: Muhammad VI
1020:Vidal Castro: Muhammad VI
671:, but he was defeated by
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351:
113:
104:
2145:14th-century Arab people
199:al-Mutawakkil ʿalā 'llāh
175:("The Red One") and the
1735:Muhammad VI of Granada
1181:Vidal Castro: Ismail II
983:Volunteers of the Faith
913:Diego García de Padilla
800:power behind the throne
268:Geopolitical background
1712:(in Spanish). Madrid:
1326:, p. 110, note 5.
1295:Fernández-Puertas 1997
1276:Fernández-Puertas 1997
1237:Fernández-Puertas 1997
1225:Fernández-Puertas 1997
1099:Fernández-Puertas 1997
1024:Fernández-Puertas 1997
977:
875:
818:Francisco Vidal Castro
768:
760:
732:
277:
1871:Abdallah ibn Buluggin
1551:registration required
971:
867:War of the Two Peters
766:
746:
275:
249:War of the Two Peters
1745:Cadet branch of the
1716:. pp. 349–398.
1160:Boloix Gallardo 2013
1065:, pp. 160, 165.
915:, the Master of the
710:Yusuf IV ibn al-Mawl
1410:, pp. 213–214.
1374:, pp. 212–213.
1266:, pp. 352–353.
1195:, pp. 209–210.
995:Pero López de Ayala
909:won a major victory
861:Sultan of Morocco,
140:Ismail ibn Abdullah
2115:Sultans of Granada
1890:Emirate of Granada
1861:Habbus al-Muzaffar
978:
974:Peter I of Castile
954:Cuevas del Becerro
917:Order of Calatrava
883:Peter IV of Aragon
804:Peter I of Castile
769:
761:
282:Emirate of Granada
278:
245:Peter I of Castile
241:Peter IV of Aragon
220:. A member of the
218:Emirate of Granada
180:al-Ghālib bi 'llāh
2102:
2101:
1800:
1799:
1791:Succeeded by
1784:Sultan of Granada
1723:978-84-00-08268-0
1664:978-0-8014-6872-8
1643:978-0-8122-0935-8
1622:978-90-04-09419-2
1574:978-0-226-31962-9
1498:978-8-49045-0-451
1278:, pp. 17–18.
1264:Vidal Castro 2004
1252:Vidal Castro 2004
1101:, pp. 3, 13.
1089:, pp. 26–28.
1053:, pp. 9, 40.
863:Abu Salim Ibrahim
646:
645:
632:
631:
298:Marinid Sultanate
286:Iberian Peninsula
215:
196:
154:
153:
120:
119:
41:Sultan of Granada
16:(Redirected from
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2081:
2078:Abu'l-Hasan Ali
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2011:
1998:
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1957:
1897:
1896:
1883:
1849:
1848:
1842:Taifa of Granada
1826:
1819:
1812:
1803:
1788:1360–1362
1774:Preceded by
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1731:
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1702:
1685:
1668:
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1598:Heinrichs, W. P.
1587:
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1510:. Third Series.
1502:
1483:
1454:
1448:
1442:
1439:O'Callaghan 2014
1436:
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1427:O'Callaghan 2014
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1399:
1396:O'Callaghan 2014
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1360:O'Callaghan 2014
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1084:
1078:
1075:O'Callaghan 2013
1072:
1066:
1060:
1054:
1048:
1031:
1016:
894:Pope Innocent VI
880:
869:, the Christian
815:
718:
716:
707:
706: 1333–1354
705:
692:
690:
681:
680: 1325–1333
679:
666:
665: 1314–1325
664:
640:
330:
329:
321:
294:Crown of Castile
210:
208:
207:المتوكل على الله
191:
189:
166:
106:
32:
21:
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2159:
2155:
2154:
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2151:
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2149:
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2104:
2103:
2098:
2092:
2079:
2068:Abu'l-Hasan Ali
2061:
2053:
2035:
2027:
2009:
1996:
1988:
1955:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1884:
1875:
1866:Badis ibn Habus
1846:
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1590:Bosworth, C. E.
1581:
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1557:
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1505:
1499:
1486:
1466:
1463:
1458:
1457:
1453:, pp. 214.
1449:
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1433:
1425:
1414:
1406:
1402:
1394:
1390:
1382:
1378:
1370:
1366:
1358:
1354:
1346:
1342:
1334:
1330:
1322:
1318:
1314:, p. 1024.
1310:
1301:
1293:
1282:
1274:
1270:
1262:
1258:
1250:
1243:
1235:
1231:
1223:
1216:
1208:
1199:
1191:
1187:
1179:
1166:
1158:
1154:
1146:
1105:
1097:
1093:
1085:
1081:
1073:
1069:
1061:
1057:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1034:
1028:Jumada al-Thani
1017:
1013:
1008:
966:
871:Crown of Aragon
850:sahib al-shurta
826:
741:
713:
702:
687:
676:
661:
638:
319:
270:
115:
96:
83:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2158:
2156:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2107:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2088:
2083:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:Abu Nasr Sa'd
2057:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2031:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2005:
2000:
1992:
1987:Muhammad VIII
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1900:
1898:
1886:
1885:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1852:
1850:
1838:
1837:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1821:
1814:
1806:
1798:
1797:
1792:
1789:
1780:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1769:Regnal titles
1766:
1765:
1744:
1740:Nasrid dynasty
1737:
1734:
1729:
1728:
1722:
1703:
1697:(in Spanish).
1686:
1680:(in Spanish).
1669:
1663:
1648:
1642:
1627:
1621:
1594:van Donzel, E.
1579:
1573:
1555:
1503:
1497:
1484:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1443:
1431:
1412:
1400:
1388:
1386:, p. 111.
1376:
1364:
1352:
1350:, p. 212.
1340:
1328:
1316:
1299:
1280:
1268:
1256:
1254:, p. 353.
1241:
1229:
1214:
1212:, p. 210.
1197:
1185:
1164:
1152:
1103:
1091:
1079:
1077:, p. 456.
1067:
1055:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1004:
965:
962:
825:
822:
794:The historian
740:
737:
654:Nasrid dynasty
644:
643:
630:
629:
626:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
608:
606:
601:
598:
597:
595:
593:
591:
589:
587:
585:
583:
581:
579:
576:
575:
573:
571:
569:
567:
565:
563:
561:
559:
557:
555:
553:
551:
549:
547:
545:
543:
541:
539:
537:
535:
532:
531:
529:
527:
525:
522:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
506:
504:
501:
498:
496:
495:
493:
491:
489:
487:
485:
483:
481:
479:
477:
475:
473:
471:
469:
467:
465:
463:
460:
458:
457:
455:
452:
450:
448:
446:
444:
442:
437:
435:
433:
431:
429:
426:
425:
423:
421:
419:
417:
415:
413:
411:
409:
407:
404:
403:
401:
399:
397:
395:
393:
391:
389:
387:
385:
383:
381:
379:
377:
375:
373:
371:
369:
367:
364:
363:
361:
358:
357:
352:
350:
348:Abu Said Faraj
345:
343:
341:
339:
337:
335:
333:
326:
325:
318:
315:
269:
266:
257:separate peace
222:Nasrid dynasty
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
138:
134:
133:
128:
122:
121:
118:
117:
111:
110:
102:
101:
97:Tablada, near
93:
89:
88:
80:
76:
75:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
56:
52:
51:
48:
44:
43:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2157:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2095:
2091:Muhammad XII
2089:
2087:
2086:Muhammad XIII
2084:
2082:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2058:
2056:
2050:
2048:
2047:Abu Nasr Sa'd
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2032:
2030:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1993:
1991:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1977:Muhammad VIII
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1856:Zawi ibn Ziri
1854:
1853:
1851:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1827:
1822:
1820:
1815:
1813:
1808:
1807:
1804:
1795:
1786:
1785:
1778:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1755:
1750:
1749:
1742:
1741:
1732:
1725:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1710:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1691:"Muhammad VI"
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1660:
1656:
1655:
1649:
1645:
1639:
1635:
1634:
1628:
1624:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1608:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1586:
1580:
1576:
1570:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1559:Harvey, L. P.
1556:
1552:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1518:on behalf of
1517:
1514:(1). London:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1500:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1452:
1447:
1444:
1441:, p. 18.
1440:
1435:
1432:
1429:, p. 21.
1428:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1404:
1401:
1398:, p. 20.
1397:
1392:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1377:
1373:
1368:
1365:
1362:, p. 19.
1361:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1297:, p. 18.
1296:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1239:, p. 16.
1238:
1233:
1230:
1227:, p. 17.
1226:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1162:, p. 83.
1161:
1156:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1044:
1037:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1015:
1012:
1005:
1003:
999:
996:
990:
988:
984:
975:
970:
963:
961:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
897:
895:
891:
886:
884:
879:
878:
872:
868:
864:
860:
854:
852:
851:
846:
842:
837:
833:
832:
823:
821:
819:
814:
807:
805:
801:
797:
796:Ibn al-Khatib
792:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
765:
758:
754:
750:
745:
739:Rise to power
738:
736:
734:
730:
726:
720:
711:
700:
696:
685:
674:
670:
659:
655:
651:
642:
636:
627:
612:
605:
599:
596:
588:
586:
584:
580:
578:
577:
562:
558:
556:
552:
550:
544:
540:
538:
533:
530:
528:
526:
524:
523:
510:
499:
497:
461:
459:
441:
427:
424:
408:
406:
405:
398:
390:
388:
380:
378:
365:
362:
360:
359:
356:
349:
331:
328:
327:
323:
322:
316:
314:
312:
308:
304:
299:
295:
291:
288:, founded by
287:
283:
274:
267:
265:
263:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
225:
223:
219:
213:
204:
200:
194:
185:
181:
178:
174:
170:
162:
158:
150:
147:
143:
139:
135:
132:
129:
127:
123:
112:
107:
103:
100:
95:25 April 1362
94:
90:
86:
81:
77:
73:
70:
67:
63:
60:
57:
53:
49:
45:
42:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2073:Muhammad XII
2034:Muhammad IX
2008:Muhammad IX
1995:Muhammad IX
1967:Muhammad VII
1948:
1914:Muhammad III
1832:Monarchs of
1782:
1760:
1753:
1748:Banu Khazraj
1746:
1738:
1708:
1694:
1677:
1653:
1632:
1612:
1605:
1563:
1511:
1507:
1488:
1471:
1468:Arié, Rachel
1446:
1434:
1403:
1391:
1379:
1367:
1355:
1343:
1331:
1319:
1271:
1259:
1232:
1188:
1155:
1094:
1082:
1070:
1058:
1046:
1014:
1000:
991:
979:
905:Pinos Puente
898:
887:
855:
848:
829:
827:
808:
793:
784:
770:
751:and deposed
724:
721:
647:
634:
633:
279:
255:agreed to a
226:
198:
188:الغالب بالله
179:
177:regnal names
172:
156:
155:
29:
2130:1362 deaths
2125:1332 births
2093:(2nd reign)
2080:(2nd reign)
2062:(2nd reign)
2054:(2nd reign)
2042:Muhammad XI
2036:(4th reign)
2028:(2nd reign)
2026:Muhammad X
2010:(3rd reign)
1997:(2nd reign)
1989:(2nd reign)
1982:Muhammad IX
1956:(2nd reign)
1954:Muhammad V
1949:Muhammad VI
1929:Muhammad IV
1909:Muhammad II
1895:(1238–1492)
1847:(1013–1090)
1674:"Ismail II"
1611:Volume VII:
1602:Pellat, Ch.
1451:Harvey 1992
1408:Harvey 1992
1372:Harvey 1992
1348:Harvey 1992
1210:Harvey 1992
1193:Harvey 1992
1087:Harvey 1992
1063:Harvey 1992
1051:Harvey 1992
836:chroniclers
673:Muhammad IV
622:Muhammad VI
55:Predecessor
35:Muhammad VI
2109:Categories
2016:Muhammad X
1939:Muhammad V
1904:Muhammad I
1794:Muhammad V
1038:References
753:Muhammad V
684:Muhammad V
604:Muhammad V
290:Muhammad I
237:chronicles
229:Muhammad V
173:el Bermejo
87:(presumed)
69:Muhammad V
1972:Yusuf III
1944:Ismail II
1777:Ismail II
1585:"Naṣrids"
1544:154717811
1384:Arié 1973
1336:Arié 1973
1324:Arié 1973
877:mudéjares
695:Ismail II
611:Ismail II
305:and paid
233:Ismail II
171:nickname
169:Castilian
65:Successor
59:Ismail II
2052:Yusuf V
2003:Yusuf IV
1962:Yusuf II
1924:Ismail I
1604:(eds.).
1561:(1992).
1536:25183293
1522:: 1–25.
1470:(1973).
964:Downfall
938:El Burgo
934:Benamejí
901:Belillos
781:Alhambra
757:Alhambra
749:Ismail I
658:Ismail I
617:daughter
503:Buthayna
454:Muhammad
440:Ismail I
243:against
145:Religion
2021:Yusuf V
1934:Yusuf I
1834:Granada
1613:Mif–Naz
1480:3207329
1461:Sources
987:Seville
942:Ardales
925:Iznájar
859:Marinid
845:hashish
777:Ramadan
755:in the
729:Spanish
725:al-rais
717:
699:Yusuf I
691:
669:Andarax
650:Granada
509:Yusuf I
307:tribute
262:Seville
247:in the
214:
195:
126:Dynasty
99:Seville
85:Granada
1759:
1720:
1661:
1640:
1619:
1600:&
1571:
1542:
1534:
1495:
1478:
958:Málaga
952:, and
946:Cañete
890:Nájera
789:Guadix
773:Maryam
733:arráez
639:yellow
520:Ismail
515:Maryam
355:Fatima
317:Origin
311:vassal
303:fealty
253:Aragon
203:Arabic
184:Arabic
161:Arabic
137:Father
131:Nasrid
1761:Died:
1754:Born:
1588:. In
1540:S2CID
1532:JSTOR
1018:Both
1006:Notes
950:Turón
930:Cesna
921:María
831:laqab
813:tabaq
785:hajib
149:Islam
109:Names
47:Reign
1919:Nasr
1763:1362
1756:1332
1718:ISBN
1659:ISBN
1638:ISBN
1617:ISBN
1569:ISBN
1493:ISBN
1476:OCLC
1022:and
824:Rule
635:Note
280:The
231:and
212:lit.
193:lit.
92:Died
82:1333
79:Born
1524:doi
841:tic
806:.
2111::
1693:.
1676:.
1609:.
1596:;
1592:;
1538:.
1530:.
1415:^
1302:^
1283:^
1244:^
1217:^
1200:^
1167:^
1106:^
948:,
944:,
940:,
936:,
731::
715:r.
704:r.
689:r.
678:r.
663:r.
641:.
209:,
205::
190:,
186::
163::
1825:e
1818:t
1811:v
1726:.
1701:.
1684:.
1667:.
1646:.
1625:.
1577:.
1553:)
1549:(
1546:.
1526::
1512:7
1501:.
1482:.
1183:.
1150:.
727:(
712:(
701:(
686:(
675:(
660:(
201:(
182:(
159:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
