500:
telling him of the upcoming Logroño summit against
Granada and promising to keep him informed of the outcome. He also sent three ships loaded with wheat, as well as 300 siege machines to help Granada against a potential invasion. Granada-Navarre communications were impeded by their geographical separation—Navarre was in the north of the peninsula while Granada was in the south, and Castilian territories lay between them. A Navarrese ambassador, travelling to Granada via Castile disguised as a merchant, was intercepted by Alfonso Fernández of Aguilar in Alcala de Real. This put an end to Granada-Navarre communications and caused Henry III to cancel the Logroño meeting.
1626:
331:
676:. Castile's increased use of artillery as an offensive weapon, which was itself increasing in effectiveness, gave it an advantage over Granada, which largely fought a defensive war. Muhammad VII's rule also saw the start of a border conflict between frontiersmen from each side, which the central authorities found difficult to control. The conflict often took the form of raids for little benefit except heroism; these were the subject of the famous Castilian border ballads (
323:
598:. A Castilian reinforcement forced him to break the siege. In February 1408, he besieged the castle of Alcaudete, between Jaén and Alcalá la Real. His forces fired cannons against the castle and attempted to scale the walls, nearly succeeding in taking it. After four days and after losing 2,500 men he abandoned the siege.
591:'s policy of independence and of severing ties with North African Muslim states, could not hope for major aid from the Muslims across the sea. Technological developments in artillery as a siege weapon also weighed against Granada, which was expected to be mostly on the defensive in a war against Castile.
637:
Frontier skirmishes and pillaging continued in the following weeks. Muhammad VII, outnumbered and unlikely to receive external help, requested a truce in April 1408. Ferdinand himself was under pressure from his Cortes because of
Muhammad VII's attacks against Castilian towns on the frontier. A truce
499:
decided to help
Granada instead. His kingdom was small, like Granada, and he was worried about the growth of Castilian power. Navarre traditionally had a good relationship with its Muslim minorities, which may have influenced Charles' diplomatic posture. Charles III wrote to "my brother" Muhammad VII
282:
in talks, thwarting Henry III's attempt to enlist those two monarchs as allies against
Granada. In 1406, he and Henry III renewed their truce, but it was overshadowed by Muslim raids—possibly not authorized by Muhammad VII—on Castilian territories. Henry III was now intent on war against Granada, but
658:
May 1408 and was replaced by his older brother, Yusuf III. According to a story, which Harvey states "has every appearance of a fiction," just before his death
Muhammad ordered the execution of Yusuf. Yusuf asked the executioners for a chance to play a last game of chess. According to this story, he
525:
October 1406 after a long negotiation. Commerce was to be reopened, and frontier judges were appointed to resolve border conflicts. Each side agreed to not to allow their territories to be used to attack the other, and not to give asylum to rebels or corrupt officials attempting to flee the other's
671:
Muhammad VII abandoned the policy of pursuing peace championed by his grandfather
Muhammad V. He did not shy away from war and led multiple raids himself. However, the period of his rule marked the increasing dominance of Castile vis-a-vis Granada. Granada could no longer rely on organized support
433:
Muhammad VII sent emissaries to Henry III complaining about this violation of their truce, and Henry III replied that he desired peace and that the crusade was being carried out without his permission. Muhammad VII then mobilized his army and easily defeated MartĂn's forces. Among the survivors of
470:
incident, raids and skirmishes were increasingly common on the frontiers. Both authorities found it difficult to prevent unauthorized raids, and once the raids had been carried out, it proved difficult to restore the peace without losing face. In one raid, some
Granadans went as far as
462:
friars entered
Granada in an attempt to convert the people to Christianity. Muhammad VII forbade such activities, and when they persisted, he had them whipped. When they continued to preach, Muhammad VII ordered them executed and had their bodies dragged through the streets.
662:
Muhammad VII's death invalidated the truce, but Yusuf III negotiated an extension to last until April 1409, later extended to August 1409 and then April 1410. After this truce expired, hostilities between
Castile and Granada commenced once more.
558:
opined that due to both sides' inability to control all of their forces, the raids were likely conducted by rogue elements. However, with heavy
Castilian losses, the truce was no longer tenable and Henry III prepared for a war against Granada.
357:
There is a scarcity of Muslim historical sources on events during Muhammad VII's reign. Most of the available information come from Christian sources and therefore relates to his interactions with Christian kingdoms in the Iberian peninsula.
617:
September. In earlier times, Zahara had been very defensible, but Ferdinand's three cannons made short work of the defenses, knocking down towers and making breaches in the wall. With no relief force expected, the castle surrendered on
517:
per galley per month. These forces were to be used by Granada in the event of a war, other than a war against Castile, which was considered Aragon's friend. This treaty was similar to the 1376 treaty between Aragon and Granada.
445:
After the failed crusade, tensions were high and there were fears that there would be an all out war between Granada and the Christian kingdoms. Henry III went to the south and MartĂn I of AragĂłn strengthened the defenses of
450:, both in anticipation of an invasion. Muhammad VII prepared for war, but he too desired peace and in November asked for the truce to be extended. No country wished to escalate the conflict, so an outright war was averted.
491:(a small Christian kingdom in the north of the peninsula) were engaged in diplomatic communications. In 1404, Granada and Aragon conducted talks in Barcelona. At the same time, Henry III proposed a meeting at
421:
and a vassal of the king of Castile, organized a crusade against Granada. Despite attempts by Henry III and some Castilian nobles to stop him, MartĂn proceeded and his forces were enlarged by the people of
672:
from North African Muslims, even though a small number of religiously-motivated fighters did cross the strait. In contrast, Castile grew stronger and its manpower started to recover after the end of the
507:
May 1405. The treaty allowed commerce and prisoner exchanges between the two states. In addition, Muhammad VII would supply Aragon with 400 to 500 knights and pay their cost of between 2,840 and 3,540
503:
Meanwhile, Martin I of Aragon, occupied on his problems in Sicily and Sardinia, was also uninterested in a war against Granada. Instead, Muhammad VII and Martin I agreed to a treaty of friendship on 4
587:
The balance of power in the upcoming war was against Granada. Castile's power had been growing, and it enjoyed demographic superiority over the much smaller Granada. In addition, Granada, thanks to
562:
Henry III blamed Muhammad VII for the breakdown of the truce and summoned his Cortes to Toledo in December 1406. While negotiating the Cortes' support for war, Henry III became ill and died on 25
634:
October, which held out despite heavy bombardment. With food dwindling, troops deserting and winter approaching, Ferdinand abandoned the siege on 25 October and returned to Seville.
458:
Despite the mutual desire for peace between Muhammad VII and Henry III, conflict continued along the border thanks to rogue forces on both sides. In May 1397, a group of
475:
on the Murcian coast. An even larger raid took place in 1405. On the eastern front, Muslim attacks against Vera and Lorca were repulsed, but the invaders captured
1625:
554:. Given the lack of Muslim sources, it is difficult to know the motivation behind these attacks and whether Muhammad VII instructed or authorized them. Historian
1894:
1889:
513:
per month. In return, Aragon provided Granada with 4 or 5 galleys crewed by 30 crossbowmen and 220 seamen each, whose costs were also paid by Granada at 900
1568:
659:
managed the make the game last so long that before it finished Muhammad VII died and Yusuf's supporters rescued him from prison and put him on the throne.
397:, or secretary, but he was assassinated in the summer of 1393 and replaced by Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Asim. At the beginning of his rule, he launched a
1869:
1864:
1374:
Latham, John Derek; Fernández-Puertas, Antonio (1993). "Nasrids". In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.).
609:, in Granada's western territories. While Ronda was too strongly defended to be directly assaulted, he attacked the smaller castles surrounding it.
438:. Muhammad VII lost 500 foot soldiers. MartĂn was killed in the fighting and as a sign of displeasure Henry III nominated a member of the rival
1423:
1402:
1364:
1884:
1879:
574:, the future king of Aragon, who had been representing Henry III during his illness, took up the regency jointly with Henry's widow,
1904:
1899:
1450:
1561:
479:, a Castilian castle on Granada's western border. Henry III sent an emissary, Gutierre Diaz, to the Granadan court to protest.
391:, Muhammad V's vizier and a famous poet, who had been imprisoned by Yusuf II. Muhammad VII appointed Ibn Zamrak as the royal
1822:
1812:
398:
342:, who was briefly the Sultan of Granada between 1391–1392, and through his father, the grandson of the previous sultan,
1859:
339:
1804:
1791:
1554:
1376:
1830:
1731:
1721:
417:
In 1394, MartĂn Yáñez de la Barbuda (or MartĂn Yáñez "de Barbudo" in some sources), the master of the military
594:
Muhammad VII struck first, in late August, besieging Jaén on the north-eastern frontier and plundering nearby
1434:
1835:
1817:
1658:
401:, despite his father's truce with Castile. He soon after pledged peace with both his Christian neighbours:
1786:
1778:
1752:
1739:
1726:
1693:
1673:
1653:
575:
496:
296:
279:
1770:
1760:
1698:
1683:
1648:
1615:
588:
571:
343:
330:
292:
252:
418:
260:
314:
and extended the truce until April 1410, after which hostilities resumed between Granada and Castile.
1874:
1716:
1688:
1538:
551:
402:
347:
311:
271:
264:
68:
1747:
1706:
1668:
1521:
683:
610:
447:
300:
241:
133:
58:
1796:
1765:
1678:
1634:
1605:
1528:
567:
495:
with MartĂn I of Aragon and Charles III of Navarre to build an anti-Granadan coalition. However,
488:
439:
288:
275:
229:
299:
as regents. Ferdinand marched against Granada's western territories in September 1407 and took
259:). He came to the throne upon the death of his father. In 1394, he defeated an invasion by the
17:
1464:
1419:
1398:
1360:
677:
435:
423:
237:
1586:
1454:
1390:
534:
As the truce concluded, some Muslim forces conducted large-scale attacks in the area around
472:
406:
380:
1663:
1610:
198:
1484:
547:
539:
535:
306:
On April 1408, Muhammad VII and Ferdinand agreed to a seven-month truce. However, on 13
225:
123:
40:
1853:
1600:
1459:
1394:
1386:
354:
at the time of Muhammad VII's accession, as a result of involvement in a conspiracy.
303:. Meanwhile, Muhammad VII conducted raids and sieges on his northeastern frontiers.
1492:
1346:
555:
543:
351:
322:
1413:
1350:
426:
who supported the crusade. MartĂn and his forces entered Granadan territory on 26
673:
580:
467:
459:
492:
388:
346:(reigned 1354–1359 and 1362–1391). He had an older brother, Yusuf (the future
233:
1468:
371:
Muhammad VII came to the throne after the death of his father Yusuf II on 3
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
794:
792:
790:
788:
786:
476:
1578:
1356:
627:
118:
1546:
521:
Finally, Granada and Castile concluded a two-year truce in Madrid on 6
1446:
1382:
595:
384:
326:
A map of the Emirate of Granada, indicating relevant towns and cities
1089:
1087:
1038:
1036:
606:
509:
393:
329:
321:
143:
1415:
The Last Crusade in the West: Castile and the Conquest of Granada
1023:
1021:
1019:
1286:
1284:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
939:
937:
935:
933:
899:
897:
895:
893:
891:
1550:
682:). During his reign Granada lost further territory, including
434:
the Castilian force, 1,200 were captured and 1,500 escaped to
383:). On his accession, he appointed Muhammad al-Hammami as his
263:. This nearly escalated to a wider war, but Muhammad VII and
1313:
1311:
1128:
1126:
1074:
1072:
578:. The Cortes went ahead, and approved funding of 45,000,000
310:
May, Muhammad VII died. His older brother succeeded him as
986:
984:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1217:
1215:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1143:
1141:
982:
980:
978:
976:
974:
972:
970:
968:
966:
964:
920:
918:
916:
914:
912:
182:) are also used in official documents and by historians.
810:
773:
771:
769:
767:
765:
763:
750:
748:
746:
744:
742:
740:
707:
613:
was the first target, and Ferdinand laid siege on 26
177:
1633:
1585:
153:
139:
129:
117:
103:
91:
78:
74:
64:
54:
46:
39:
34:
1418:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
566:December. He was succeeded by his 1-year-old son
622:September. Another castle, OrtejĂcar, fell on 12
1329:
1302:
1290:
1252:
1240:
1189:
1164:
1117:
1105:
1093:
1063:
1042:
1027:
943:
903:
882:
858:
834:
287:December 1406 he died. Henry's 1-year-old son
1562:
8:
719:
430:April 1394 and marched towards its capital.
626:October. Ferdinand had also been besieging
1569:
1555:
1547:
1475:
31:
1458:
605:September 1407 Ferdinand marched against
487:Meanwhile, Granada, Aragon, Castile, and
1412:O'Callaghan, Joseph F. (10 March 2014).
550:engaged the Muslims at the inconclusive
700:
270:In 1404–1405, Muhammad VII concluded a
1317:
1275:
1221:
1206:
1147:
1132:
1078:
990:
955:
924:
870:
846:
822:
777:
754:
731:
100:
7:
334:Granada and the surrounding kingdoms
1895:15th-century people from al-Andalus
1890:14th-century people from al-Andalus
811:Latham & Fernández-Puertas 1993
708:Latham & Fernández-Puertas 1993
442:to be the new master of Alcántara.
202:
109:Abu Abdallah Muhammad VII ibn Yusuf
95:13 May 1408 (aged 37–38)
27:Sultan of Granada from 1392 to 1408
1433:Rubiera Mata, MarĂa JesĂşs (2008).
257:r. 1354–1359, 1362–1391
25:
1451:Spanish National Research Council
387:or chief minister. He also freed
1624:
1460:10.3989/alqantara.2008.v29.i2.59
1395:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0855
220:October 1392 – 13
1870:15th-century monarchs in Europe
1865:14th-century monarchs in Europe
1359:: University of Chicago Press.
246:
18:Muhammed VII, Sultan of Granada
1:
1389:: Brill. pp. 1020–1029.
206:
82:
338:Muhammad VII was the son of
267:were able to restore peace.
50:3 October 1392 – 13 May 1408
1352:Islamic Spain, 1250 to 1500
638:was agreed, to last from 15
291:became king with his uncle
178:
1921:
1885:15th century in al-Andalus
1880:14th century in al-Andalus
1381:. Vol. VII: Mif–Naz.
1377:The Encyclopaedia of Islam
224:May 1408, was the twelfth
1622:
1535:
1526:
1518:
1513:
1478:
546:. Castilian troops under
350:), who was imprisoned in
188:
158:
149:
108:
99:
1905:15th-century Arab people
1900:14th-century Arab people
1480:Muhammad VII of Granada
654:Muhammad VII died on 13
576:Catherine of Lancaster
497:Charles III of Navarre
483:Diplomatic maneuvering
335:
327:
280:Charles III of Navarre
1616:Abdallah ibn Buluggin
538:, including raids on
333:
325:
1490:Cadet branch of the
1435:"El Califato NazarĂ"
679:romances fronterizos
552:Battle of Collejares
466:In addition to this
403:Henry III of Castile
272:treaty of friendship
265:Henry III of Castile
240:. He was the son of
228:ruler of the Muslim
216:May 1408), reigned 3
212: – 13
164: In addition to
1320:, pp. 221–222.
1135:, pp. 229–230.
1081:, pp. 228–229.
958:, pp. 227–228.
849:, pp. 223–224.
734:, pp. 220–221.
684:Zahara de la Sierra
611:Zahara de la Sierra
530:War against Castile
454:Renewal of conflict
301:Zahara de la Sierra
1860:Sultans of Granada
1635:Emirate of Granada
1606:Habbus al-Muzaffar
667:Evaluation of rule
584:for the campaign.
570:. Henry's brother
440:Order of Calatrava
419:Order of Alcántara
336:
328:
276:Martin I of Aragon
261:Order of Alcántara
251:) and grandson of
230:Emirate of Granada
1847:
1846:
1545:
1544:
1536:Succeeded by
1529:Sultan of Granada
1425:978-0-8122-0935-8
1404:978-90-04-09419-2
1366:978-0-226-31962-9
1305:, pp. 55–56.
1096:, pp. 43–44.
1045:, pp. 42–43.
885:, pp. 40–41.
861:, pp. 39–40.
720:Rubiera Mata 2008
379:Dhu al-Qidah 794
238:Iberian Peninsula
192:
191:
113:
112:
41:Sultan of Granada
16:(Redirected from
1912:
1839:
1826:
1823:Abu'l-Hasan Ali
1808:
1800:
1782:
1774:
1756:
1743:
1735:
1702:
1642:
1641:
1628:
1594:
1593:
1587:Taifa of Granada
1571:
1564:
1557:
1548:
1533:1392–1408
1519:Preceded by
1509:
1502:
1476:
1472:
1462:
1429:
1408:
1370:
1333:
1330:O'Callaghan 2014
1327:
1321:
1315:
1306:
1303:O'Callaghan 2014
1300:
1294:
1291:O'Callaghan 2014
1288:
1279:
1273:
1256:
1253:O'Callaghan 2014
1250:
1244:
1241:O'Callaghan 2014
1238:
1225:
1219:
1210:
1204:
1193:
1190:O'Callaghan 2014
1187:
1168:
1165:O'Callaghan 2014
1162:
1151:
1145:
1136:
1130:
1121:
1118:O'Callaghan 2014
1115:
1109:
1106:O'Callaghan 2014
1103:
1097:
1094:O'Callaghan 2014
1091:
1082:
1076:
1067:
1064:O'Callaghan 2014
1061:
1046:
1043:O'Callaghan 2014
1040:
1031:
1028:O'Callaghan 2014
1025:
994:
988:
959:
953:
947:
944:O'Callaghan 2014
941:
928:
922:
907:
904:O'Callaghan 2014
901:
886:
883:O'Callaghan 2014
880:
874:
868:
862:
859:O'Callaghan 2014
856:
850:
844:
838:
835:O'Callaghan 2014
832:
826:
820:
814:
808:
781:
775:
758:
752:
735:
729:
723:
717:
711:
705:
657:
645:
641:
633:
625:
621:
616:
604:
565:
524:
506:
429:
407:John I of Aragon
378:
375:October 1392 (16
374:
348:Sultan Yusuf III
309:
286:
258:
250:
249: 1391–1392
248:
223:
219:
215:
211:
208:
204:
183:
181:
168:, the titles of
101:
87:
84:
32:
21:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1837:
1824:
1813:Abu'l-Hasan Ali
1806:
1798:
1780:
1772:
1754:
1741:
1733:
1700:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1629:
1620:
1611:Badis ibn Habus
1591:
1590:
1589:
1581:
1575:
1541:
1532:
1524:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1488:
1481:
1432:
1426:
1411:
1405:
1373:
1367:
1345:
1342:
1337:
1336:
1328:
1324:
1316:
1309:
1301:
1297:
1289:
1282:
1274:
1259:
1251:
1247:
1239:
1228:
1220:
1213:
1205:
1196:
1188:
1171:
1163:
1154:
1146:
1139:
1131:
1124:
1116:
1112:
1104:
1100:
1092:
1085:
1077:
1070:
1062:
1049:
1041:
1034:
1026:
997:
989:
962:
954:
950:
942:
931:
923:
910:
902:
889:
881:
877:
869:
865:
857:
853:
845:
841:
833:
829:
821:
817:
813:, p. 1025.
809:
784:
776:
761:
753:
738:
730:
726:
718:
714:
710:, p. 1020.
706:
702:
697:
692:
669:
655:
652:
646:November 1408.
643:
639:
631:
623:
619:
614:
602:
601:Meanwhile, on 7
563:
532:
522:
504:
485:
468:proselytisation
456:
427:
415:
413:Crusade of 1394
376:
372:
369:
364:
320:
307:
284:
256:
245:
221:
217:
213:
209:
184:
161:
85:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1918:
1916:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1852:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1833:
1828:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:Abu Nasr Sa'd
1802:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1776:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1750:
1745:
1737:
1732:Muhammad VIII
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1645:
1643:
1631:
1630:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1597:
1595:
1583:
1582:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1566:
1559:
1551:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1534:
1525:
1520:
1516:
1515:
1514:Regnal titles
1511:
1510:
1489:
1485:Nasrid dynasty
1482:
1479:
1474:
1473:
1441:(in Spanish).
1430:
1424:
1409:
1403:
1371:
1365:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1322:
1307:
1295:
1280:
1278:, p. 235.
1257:
1245:
1226:
1224:, p. 231.
1211:
1209:, p. 234.
1194:
1169:
1152:
1150:, p. 230.
1137:
1122:
1110:
1098:
1083:
1068:
1047:
1032:
995:
993:, p. 228.
960:
948:
929:
927:, p. 227.
908:
887:
875:
873:, p. 226.
863:
851:
839:
827:
825:, p. 218.
815:
782:
780:, p. 229.
759:
757:, p. 221.
736:
724:
722:, p. 293.
712:
699:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
668:
665:
651:
648:
642:April until 15
548:Pedro Manrique
531:
528:
526:jurisdiction.
484:
481:
455:
452:
436:Alcalá la Real
414:
411:
399:raid on Murcia
368:
365:
363:
360:
319:
316:
190:
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186:
185:
159:
156:
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131:
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121:
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14:
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1836:Muhammad XII
1834:
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1831:Muhammad XIII
1829:
1827:
1821:
1819:
1816:
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1809:
1803:
1801:
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1792:Abu Nasr Sa'd
1790:
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1722:Muhammad VIII
1720:
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1601:Zawi ibn Ziri
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1379:, New Edition
1378:
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1354:
1353:
1348:
1347:Harvey, L. P.
1344:
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1331:
1326:
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1254:
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1191:
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1818:Muhammad XII
1779:Muhammad IX
1753:Muhammad IX
1740:Muhammad IX
1712:Muhammad VII
1711:
1659:Muhammad III
1577:Monarchs of
1527:
1505:
1498:
1493:Banu Khazraj
1491:
1483:
1442:
1438:
1414:
1375:
1351:
1340:Bibliography
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533:
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278:and engaged
269:
195:Muhammad VII
194:
193:
173:
169:
165:
162:
35:Muhammad VII
29:
1875:1408 deaths
1838:(2nd reign)
1825:(2nd reign)
1807:(2nd reign)
1799:(2nd reign)
1787:Muhammad XI
1781:(4th reign)
1773:(2nd reign)
1771:Muhammad X
1755:(3rd reign)
1742:(2nd reign)
1734:(2nd reign)
1727:Muhammad IX
1701:(2nd reign)
1699:Muhammad V
1694:Muhammad VI
1674:Muhammad IV
1654:Muhammad II
1640:(1238–1492)
1592:(1013–1090)
1453:: 293–305.
1318:Harvey 1992
1276:Harvey 1992
1222:Harvey 1992
1207:Harvey 1992
1148:Harvey 1992
1133:Harvey 1992
1079:Harvey 1992
991:Harvey 1992
956:Harvey 1992
925:Harvey 1992
871:Harvey 1992
847:Harvey 1992
823:Harvey 1992
778:Harvey 1992
755:Harvey 1992
732:Harvey 1992
674:Black Death
295:and mother
210: 1377
203:Ů…ŘŮ…ŘŻ السابع
86: 1377
55:Predecessor
1854:Categories
1761:Muhammad X
1684:Muhammad V
1649:Muhammad I
1439:Al-Qanáąara
690:References
589:Muhammad V
581:maravedĂes
460:Franciscan
389:Ibn Zamrak
344:Muhammad V
318:Background
253:Muhammad V
234:Al-Andalus
1717:Yusuf III
1689:Ismail II
1539:Yusuf III
1469:0211-3589
695:Citations
572:Ferdinand
473:Cartagena
367:Accession
352:Salobreña
312:Yusuf III
297:Catherine
293:Ferdinand
69:Yusuf III
65:Successor
1797:Yusuf V
1748:Yusuf IV
1707:Yusuf II
1669:Ismail I
1522:Yusuf II
1387:New York
1349:(1992).
477:Ayamonte
448:Valencia
340:Yusuf II
242:Yusuf II
140:Religion
134:Yusuf II
59:Yusuf II
1766:Yusuf V
1679:Yusuf I
1579:Granada
1357:Chicago
630:since 5
628:Setenil
568:John II
540:Quesada
493:Logroño
489:Navarre
424:CĂłrdoba
289:John II
236:on the
1504:
1467:
1447:Madrid
1422:
1401:
1383:Leiden
1363:
656:
644:
640:
632:
624:
620:
615:
603:
596:Bedmar
564:
523:
515:doblas
510:doblas
505:
428:
385:vizier
377:
373:
308:
285:
226:Nasrid
222:
218:
214:
199:Arabic
166:sultan
130:Father
1506:Died:
1499:Born:
1445:(2).
650:Death
607:Ronda
544:Baeza
394:katib
283:on 25
274:with
154:Notes
144:Islam
119:House
104:Names
47:Reign
1664:Nasr
1508:1408
1501:1370
1465:ISSN
1420:ISBN
1399:ISBN
1385:and
1361:ISBN
542:and
536:Jaén
405:and
362:Rule
179:amir
174:emir
172:and
170:king
92:Died
79:Born
1455:doi
1391:doi
232:in
160:a.
1856::
1463:.
1449::
1443:29
1437:.
1397:.
1355:.
1310:^
1283:^
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1229:^
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1197:^
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1155:^
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1125:^
1086:^
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998:^
963:^
932:^
911:^
890:^
785:^
762:^
739:^
686:.
618:30
409:.
381:AH
247:r.
207:c.
205:;
201::
83:c.
1570:e
1563:t
1556:v
1471:.
1457::
1428:.
1407:.
1393::
1369:.
255:(
244:(
197:(
176:(
20:)
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