413:. Deergrass underwent an early form of cultivation by many California tribes who regularly burned areas to maintain stands of deergrass, and induce the production of long straight stalks for use in basketry. Each basket required over 3000 stalks, driving the need for cultivation. Without periodic traditional burning, deergrass needs annual or biannual haircuts, otherwise it collects an excess of dead thatch and becomes a fire hazard. It is believed that much of its current distribution is due to propagation by Native Americans.
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Deergrass is characterized by dense, tufted basal foliage consisting of narrow pointed leaves that reach lengths of about 3 feet (0.91 m). The foliage ranges in color from light silver-green to purple. The spikelike stems are less than half an inch wide and 3–4 feet (0.91–1.22 m) in length.
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can be successfully planted in winter and spring to take advantage of seasonal rainfall. Stand preparation should be the same as when broadcast-seeded. During transplant, plants should be spaced with a minimum of two feet between them. After establishment little management is required. Irrigation is
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during fawning periods. Studies have equated reduced deer populations with overgrazed deergrass stands in and near cattle pasture. Young shoots and leaves are grazed by deer, horses, and cattle. It is an overwintering host for many species of
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studies have been conducted to test the ability of deergrass to remove chemicals from agricultural runoff. Its dense stands and extensive roots act as a biofilter effective for herbicide, pesticide, and particulate breakdown.
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Container planting is a highly effective way of establishing deergrass. The seed can be sown in flats in May and transplanted in the fall of the same year. In
California, except in areas of heavy frost,
266:, mixed conifer, and oak woodland communities. Deergrass can grow in areas with periodic flooding, but cannot tolerate standing water and poorly drained soils. It prefers full sun but is shade-tolerant.
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The young shoots are browsed by a variety of animals, but with age the plant becomes unpalatable. As such, is useful in an exposed garden setting for its deer resistance. It has also been used for
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Hunter, KAM, Wu, L. (2005). Morphological and
Physiological Response of Five Californian Native Grass Species to Moderate Salt Spray: Implications for Landscape Irrigation with Reclaimed Water.
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unnecessary in normal rainfall years and fertilization is not recommended as it may increase weed competition. Burning or mowing can be used every few years to reduce accumulated dead matter.
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that dominate some grassland ecosystems. Deergrass can also be used to remediate overtilled, eroded agricultural land where it anchors and returns lost
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Bowyer, RT. Bleich, VC. (1984). Effects of cattle grazing on selected habitats of southern mule deer. California Fish and Game. 70:4 240-247
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Jordan, TA. (2003). Ecological and
Cultural Contributions of Controlled Fire Use by Native Californians: A Survey of Literature.
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gardens. Studies have also demonstrated a high tolerance to salt suggesting possible irrigation using low quality reclaimed
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and high temperature. This characteristic, along with its attractiveness, has gained the plant recent attention as an
321:. For best results, 50 seeds per square foot are planted then lightly incorporated just below the soil surface with a
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often reach heights of five feet. The spikelets consist of a single awnless floret with a 3-nerved lemma.
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The
California native landscape: the homeowner's design guide to restoring its beauty and balance
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205:. It is found in sandy or well-drained soils below 7,000 feet (2,100 m) in elevation in the
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Stevenson, Matilda Coxe 1915 Ethnobotany of the Zuni
Indians. SI-BAE Annual Report #30 (p. 91)
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because of extensive root systems. Restoration efforts currently use deergrass to displace
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470:"Muhlenbergia rigens: A Grass for All Seasons, All Reasons_Muhlenbergia rigens_UC"
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329:. Burning, discing, and reduced fertilization schemes to reduce the weed
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549:(1st ed.). Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. pp. 219, 270–271.
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325:. Establishment is most successful when steps are taken to mitigate
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tribes who used its long seedstalks as the principal material in
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397:. Deergrass seed provides food for many different bird species.
601:
456:"Muhlenbergia rigens-Deer Grass_Habit and Cultural Information"
484:"Yerba Buena Nursery_California Native Plants & Ferns"
507:"Manual of California Native Plants_Las Pilitas Nursery"
254:. There it inhabits a wide range of ecotypes including
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can be established in late spring and early summer by
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8:
571:American Indian Culture and Research Journal
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357:, it gains an advantage in conditions of
430:USDA Plants Profile; Muhlenbergia rigens
941:Flora of the Southwestern United States
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222:During bloom, the numerous flowered
306:Cultivation and habitat restoration
545:Rubin, Greg; Warren, Lucy (2013).
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887:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:164873-2
405:Deergrass was important to many
238:of the grass extends north into
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1:
201:, is a warm season perennial
946:Flora of Northwestern Mexico
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582:Jepson Manual Treatment -
521:Journal of Plant Nutrition
373:sources at very low cost.
207:Southwestern United States
240:Shasta County, California
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41:Scientific classification
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30:
23:
441:Grass Manual Treatment:
280:streambank stabilization
956:Drought-tolerant plants
284:exotic invasive annuals
197:, commonly known as
961:Flora of California
642:Muhlenbergia rigens
612:Muhlenbergia rigens
591:Muhlenbergia rigens
584:Muhlenbergia rigens
443:Muhlenbergia rigens
382:Muhlenbergia rigens
347:Muhlenbergia rigens
311:Muhlenbergia rigens
194:Muhlenbergia rigens
172:Muhlenbergia rigens
25:Muhlenbergia rigens
339:Muhlenbegia rigens
276:erosion prevention
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843:Open Tree of Life
604:Taxon identifiers
556:978-1-60469-232-7
333:are recommended.
315:broadcast seeding
242:, and south into
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951:Bird food plants
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523:. 28 247-270
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230:Distribution
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141:Muhlenbergia
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817:NatureServe
752:iNaturalist
636:Wikispecies
391:Lepidoptera
371:waste-water
327:weed growth
300:Zuni people
217:Description
110:Commelinids
84:Angiosperms
930:Categories
861:kew-425234
856:Plant List
663:Calflora:
417:References
363:ornamental
319:irrigation
298:Among the
244:New Mexico
203:bunchgrass
726:GrassBase
386:mule deer
367:xeriscape
331:seed bank
264:chaparral
256:grassland
199:deergrass
148:Species:
54:Kingdom:
900:25512213
895:Tropicos
822:2.150561
783:11368501
770:164873-2
731:imp06517
627:Q6933070
621:Wikidata
345:Because
260:riparian
224:panicles
126:Family:
97:Monocots
804:MoBotPF
718:2703951
692:1115462
401:History
395:ladybug
377:Ecology
359:drought
184:Hitchc.
136:Genus:
130:Poaceae
116:Order:
58:Plantae
869:PLANTS
835:751681
809:285283
796:503883
744:455163
656:637615
553:
252:Mexico
250:, and
211:Mexico
180:Benth.
120:Poales
874:MURI2
778:IRMNG
757:59094
705:MUHRI
679:44JMF
349:uses
317:with
248:Texas
104:Clade
91:Clade
78:Clade
65:Clade
882:POWO
848:2047
830:NCBI
791:ITIS
765:IPNI
739:GRIN
713:GBIF
700:EPPO
666:5711
651:BOLD
551:ISBN
393:and
278:and
270:Uses
234:The
908:WFO
687:EoL
674:CoL
365:in
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537:^
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353:4
351:C
178:(
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