252:
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could turn into were endless. Sometimes, they are seen as a one-eyed hag, and sometimes a tax-collecting government official. Normally, these creatures take a female model in order to seduce its victims, most of whom are men. One of its favorite appearances is that of a black-garbed
Buddhist priest,
194:
It is believed that although these creatures can be extremely chaotic, they have a gentle heart, and know how to be grateful. One story speaks of a Mr. Kitabayashi and his family, who feed a family of badgers for some time. Later, when a couple burglars break into their home, threatening
Kibayashi,
22:
310:'s 35th year (627), where it states, "n two months of spring, there are mujina in the country of Mutsu (春2月、陸奥国に狢有り), they turn into humans and sing songs (人となりて歌う)" demonstrating that, in that era, there was the general idea that mujina shapeshift and deceive humans. In the
140:
normally inhabits the underneath of a
Buddhist temple, as well as carry an upside-down lotus leaf on its head. Of course, these badgers weren't limited to purely human forms- they have been able to transform into dazzling comets, fence posts, stones, trees, and so on.
186:
to play harmless pranks. One of the reasons behind this is to limit test their capabilities as a shapeshifter, and ability to imitate mannerisms. In the story "The Badger's Trick", a man stops at a lone hut during a trip, only to find out that it was a shapeshifting
111:
in specific are known to be able to inflate their bellies, creating music by drumming on it whilst singing. Some tales also describe the badger inflating their scrotum to cover "eight mats", referring to the size of a room. At times, the
202:
angry, but if you ever do, then they can cause great tragedy. These fits of anger are often related to their living space, such as the destroying of their den or an attack on their families. Actions of the
243:
in Tokyo. The
Japanese Supreme Court ruled the hunter was legitimately confused (although the reason that he was judged not guilty was on the interpretation of "date of hunt", not the word confusion).
207:
can range from mere luring of the target to a location and disorienting them with constant shapeshifting, to baiting the victim into being killed. There will never, however, be a time when the
406:, in a 1981 radio interview, dismissed the story as rumor, only to be called by the witness herself, who gave more details on the event, including the previously unreported detail that the
162:. Another way to tell them apart is to look for dry outerwear while out in the rain. However, the latter method is situational, and therefore not always applicable. The appearance of a
331:(little monk) wearing a strangely short kimono with a kappa-like bobbed head, and frequently appear on roads at night without many people and say, "Drink water, drink tea
911:
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the adult badgers of the family come back in the form of gigantic wrestlers, to scare off the intruders and repay the
Kitabayashi family for their generosity.
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is a supernatural creature, its transformations will also seem supernatural. It is believed that a "true hero" will always be able to tell apart the
574:
1204:
745:
191:
who had disguised itself as a house. However, there are also numerous stories where the badger itself is sometimes even fatally, outwitted.
904:
166:'s transformation isn't always stable; if the badger were to drift to sleep, their appearance can become wholly or even partially undone.
791:
223:
has led to legal consequences in Japan. In
Tochigi Prefecture in 1924, a hunter killed a raccoon dog, which he believed to be called a
391:. Krauss reported the witness watched a woman combing her hair in the women's restroom, and when the witness came close enough, the
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from other humans, while a gullible man suffers the consequences of his naivety. The most obvious characteristic of a shapeshifted
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124:. According to the beliefs of the Osaka-Kishû district, these fire-emitting badgers are normally found on rainy nights.
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654:
Reeves, David. “A Brief
Introduction to Aoki Rosui and Annotated Translation of his Text Otogi Hyaku Monogatari.”
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in question had red hair. The drive-in no longer exists, having been torn down to make room for Public
Storage.
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is said to be a raccoon-faced creature in its natural form, with the main body being that of a
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79:, and in some regions badger-like animals or Japanese raccoon dog are also called
75:, causing confusion. Adding to the confusion, it may also refer to the introduced
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Casal, U. A. “The Goblin Fox and the Badger and Other Witch
Animals of Japan.”
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Sato, Ryuzo (1934). "3" [Distinction between tanuki and mujina].
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839:(1959). "The Goblin Fox and Badger and Other Witch Animals of Japan".
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2008:
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MUJINA. Source: B. Krauss, "Faceless Ghost". Accessed online 03/07/08
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The witness was reported to have been admitted to the hospital for a
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227:. He believed badgers were a protected species as they were called
99:. In some parts of Japan, they are incorrectly referred to as the
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292:(which could be raccoon dog or badger) are frequently depicted as
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In transformation, it is said that the possibilities of what the
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was referring to such raccoon dogs, as a raccoon dog is called
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and deceive humans. They are first seen in literature in the
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is the slight luminescence that they will give off, like the
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are often distinguished but refers to the same animal. ...
441:", a short story relating to the above legends, found in
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402:. Noted Hawaiian historian, folklorist, and author
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580: (Japanese Supreme Court 1925-06-09),
198:In general, it is extremely difficult to make the
182:is a notorious trickster, and enjoys using their
107:are biologically related to the fox and dog. The
874:Kwaidan: Stories and Studies of Strange Things
448:Kwaidan: Stories and Studies of Strange Things
334:
320:
50:
905:
814:"The Fox and the Badger in Japanese Folklore"
567:
565:
563:
413:Grant has also reported on a number of other
383:reporter Bob Krauss reported a sighting of a
116:will also create a "ghost-fire", also called
8:
818:Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan
912:
898:
890:
877:. Houghton, Mifflin and company. pp.
552:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
433:The term can also refer to the following:
235:. However, the law banning the hunting of
780:Monsters You Never Heard Of!: THE MUJINA
519:] (in Japanese). Japan. p. 15.
517:Thoughs in tanuki (Japanese raccoon dog)
395:turned, revealing her featureless face.
498:
545:
782:by Michael D. Winkle. Accessed 3/7/08
355:" about the witnessing of a faceless
7:
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387:at the Waialae Drive-In Theatre in
327:, and they would shapeshift into a
14:
605:"The Badger in Japanese Folklore"
871:; Oliver Wendell Holmes (1904).
637:from the original on 2022-12-08.
63:term primarily referring to the
367:The faceless ghost from Kwaidan
268:In Japanese folklore, like the
211:act viciously without reason.
1:
761:小川景 (November 1939). "妖怪其他".
219:The confusion over the term
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718:, vol 18, 1959, pp. 49-58,
67:, but traditionally to the
16:Japanese badger in folklore
3136:
603:Harada, Violet H. (1976).
417:sightings in Hawaii, from
370:
335:
321:
136:. When in this form, the
51:
726:. Accessed 26 Nov. 2022.
658:, 240, 2015, pp. 37-40.
573:Tanuki-mujina incident (
511:
258:Konjaku Gazu Zoku Hyakki
677:"Is a tanuki a badger?"
666:. Accessed 25 Nov 2022.
2641:Yashima no Hage-tanuki
740:. 柏書房. pp. 120頁.
610:Asian Folklore Studies
363:) is also well-known.
265:
120:(狸火), which resembles
69:Japanese raccoon dog (
40:
1175:Konjaku Monogatarishū
254:
24:
1207:in Japanese Folklore
1205:Legendary Creatures
351:collections called "
286:Japanese raccoon dog
1193:Uji Shūi Monogatari
1092:Taketori Monogatari
529:(rough translation)
454:Mujina-no-yu is an
380:Honolulu Advertiser
792:THE FACELESS WOMAN
487:Japanese mythology
482:Folklore in Hawaii
314:, they are called
306:in the part about
266:
255:"Mujina" from the
233:Tochigi Prefecture
41:
3100:Legendary mammals
3087:
3086:
2614:Danzaburou-danuki
1119:Tsuru no Ongaeshi
1083:Shita-kiri Suzume
939:Awa Tanuki Gassen
921:Japanese folklore
747:978-4-7601-1299-9
400:nervous breakdown
377:On May 19, 1959,
122:will-o'-the-wisps
77:masked palm civet
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1002:Kachi-kachi Yama
996:
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841:Folklore Studies
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810:de Visser, M. W.
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341:." The story in
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132:also called the
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56:
55:
32:Wakan Sansai Zue
3135:
3134:
3130:
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3128:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3115:Japanese ghosts
3090:
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3041:Zashiki-warashi
2555:
2299:Rashōmon no oni
1645:Hitotsume-nyūdō
1613:
1471:
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1199:
1161:
1029:Kobutori Jiisan
975:Hanasaka Jiisan
948:Bunbuku Chagama
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869:Hearn, Lafcadio
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853:10.2307/1177429
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760:
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755:
748:
735:
734:
730:
724:10.2307/1177429
713:
694:
685:
683:
675:
674:
670:
664:10.7275/7012662
653:
642:
623:10.2307/1177646
602:
601:
588:
571:
570:
561:
544:
541:may mean badger
513:
505:
504:
500:
495:
473:
431:
375:
369:
332:
318:
263:Sekien Toriyama
249:
217:
174:Like the other
172:
97:Japanese badger
89:
65:Japanese badger
48:
25:Depiction of a
17:
12:
11:
5:
3133:
3131:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3092:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3074:Shigeru Mizuki
3071:
3069:Lafcadio Hearn
3066:
3061:
3059:Kunio Yanagita
3055:
3053:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3036:
3027:
3023:Yume no seirei
3018:
3009:
3000:
2991:
2982:
2973:
2964:
2955:
2946:
2937:
2928:
2919:
2910:
2901:
2892:
2883:
2874:
2865:
2856:
2847:
2843:Tsurube-otoshi
2838:
2829:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2809:
2800:
2796:Koto-furunushi
2791:
2782:
2773:
2764:
2755:
2746:
2737:
2719:
2710:
2701:
2692:
2683:
2674:
2665:
2656:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2636:
2627:
2618:
2609:
2605:Tanuki-bayashi
2591:
2582:
2573:
2564:
2548:
2539:
2530:
2521:
2512:
2503:
2494:
2485:
2476:
2467:
2458:
2449:
2440:
2431:
2422:
2413:
2404:
2395:
2386:
2377:
2368:
2359:
2350:
2341:
2332:
2323:
2314:
2313:
2312:
2303:
2294:
2285:
2276:
2258:
2249:
2240:
2231:
2222:
2213:
2204:
2195:
2186:
2177:
2168:
2159:
2150:
2141:
2132:
2123:
2114:
2105:
2096:
2087:
2078:
2069:
2060:
2051:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2022:
2013:
2004:
1995:
1986:
1977:
1968:
1959:
1955:Kuchisake-onna
1950:
1941:
1932:
1923:
1914:
1905:
1896:
1887:
1886:
1885:
1867:
1858:
1849:
1840:
1831:
1822:
1813:
1804:
1795:
1786:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1766:
1748:
1739:
1730:
1721:
1712:
1703:
1694:
1685:
1676:
1667:
1658:
1649:
1640:
1636:Hitotsume-kozō
1631:
1622:
1606:
1597:
1588:
1579:
1570:
1561:
1552:
1543:
1534:
1530:Futakuchi-onna
1525:
1516:
1507:
1498:
1489:
1480:
1464:
1455:
1446:
1437:
1428:
1419:
1410:
1401:
1392:
1383:
1379:Ashinagatenaga
1374:
1365:
1356:
1347:
1338:
1329:
1320:
1311:
1302:
1293:
1284:
1275:
1266:
1257:
1248:
1239:
1230:
1221:
1211:
1209:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1197:
1188:
1179:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1159:
1155:Yotsuya Kaidan
1150:
1141:
1132:
1123:
1114:
1105:
1096:
1087:
1078:
1069:
1060:
1056:Nezumi no Sumō
1051:
1042:
1033:
1024:
1015:
1006:
997:
988:
979:
970:
961:
952:
943:
933:
931:
925:
924:
919:
917:
916:
909:
902:
894:
887:
886:
865:
833:
805:
804:
803:
797:
796:
784:
772:
753:
746:
728:
692:
681:www.sljfaq.org
668:
656:Masters Theses
640:
586:
559:
497:
496:
494:
491:
490:
489:
484:
479:
472:
469:
468:
467:
452:
443:Lafcadio Hearn
430:
427:
371:Main article:
368:
365:
343:Lafcadio Hearn
312:Shimōsa region
248:
245:
216:
213:
171:
168:
88:
85:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3132:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3110:Shapeshifting
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3043:
3042:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2769:Chōchin'obake
2765:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2751:Biwa-bokuboku
2747:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2642:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2623:Inugami Gyōbu
2619:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2597:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2027:Mikoshi-nyūdō
2023:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1451:Daidarabotchi
1447:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1316:Amazake-babaa
1312:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1226:Abura-sumashi
1222:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1202:
1195:
1194:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1128:Urashima Tarō
1124:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1101:Tamamo-no-Mae
1097:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1004:
1003:
998:
995:
994:
989:
986:
985:
980:
977:
976:
971:
968:
967:
962:
959:
958:
953:
950:
949:
944:
941:
940:
935:
934:
932:
930:
926:
922:
915:
910:
908:
903:
901:
896:
895:
892:
884:
880:
876:
875:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
806:
801:
800:
793:
788:
785:
781:
776:
773:
768:
764:
757:
754:
749:
743:
739:
736:笹間良彦 (1994).
732:
729:
725:
721:
717:
711:
709:
707:
705:
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682:
678:
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583:
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560:
555:
549:
542:
540:
536:
532:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
502:
499:
492:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
474:
470:
465:
461:
460:Nasu, Tochigi
457:
453:
450:
449:
444:
440:
436:
435:
434:
428:
426:
424:
420:
416:
411:
409:
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401:
396:
394:
390:
386:
382:
381:
374:
366:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
349:
344:
330:
317:
316:kabukiri-kozō
313:
309:
308:Empress Suiko
305:
301:
297:
296:
291:
287:
284:(typically a
283:
282:
277:
273:
272:
264:
260:
259:
253:
246:
244:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
214:
212:
210:
206:
201:
196:
192:
190:
185:
184:shapeshifting
181:
177:
169:
167:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
147:
142:
139:
135:
130:
125:
123:
119:
115:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
86:
84:
82:
78:
74:
72:
66:
62:
54:
47:
46:
38:
34:
33:
28:
23:
19:
2825:Tsurara-onna
2328:Onihitokuchi
2281:Kijo/Onibaba
2272:Ibaraki-dōji
2100:
1964:Kuda-gitsune
1627:Hito-gitsune
984:Hyakki Yagyō
882:
873:
844:
840:
837:Casal, U. A.
826:. Retrieved
821:
817:
787:
775:
766:
762:
756:
738:図説・日本未確認生物事典
737:
731:
715:
684:. Retrieved
680:
671:
655:
614:
608:
575:ja:たぬき・むじな事件
572:
538:
534:
530:
528:
516:
508:
501:
458:facility in
446:
432:
414:
412:
407:
397:
392:
384:
378:
376:
346:
328:
315:
293:
289:
279:
269:
267:
256:
240:
236:
228:
224:
220:
218:
208:
204:
199:
197:
193:
188:
179:
173:
163:
157:
153:
149:
145:
144:Because the
143:
137:
133:
128:
126:
117:
113:
108:
104:
100:
92:
90:
80:
70:
44:
43:
42:
30:
26:
18:
3079:Inoue Enryō
3052:Folklorists
2778:Ittan-momen
2760:Boroboroton
2733:Abumi-guchi
2724:Tsukumogami
2556: [
2373:Osakabehime
2308:Shuten-dōji
2218:Oboroguruma
2065:Mokumokuren
2036:Miage-nyūdō
1919:Konaki-jiji
1699:Ishinagenjo
1614: [
1548:Gashadokuro
1472: [
1406:Bake-kujira
1325:Amefurikozō
1217:Abura-akago
1184:Otogi-zōshi
1110:Tawara Tōda
993:Issun-bōshi
957:Hachikazuki
477:Bake-danuki
304:Nihon Shoki
247:In folklore
134:tanuki-bôzu
3094:Categories
3064:Keigo Seki
2787:Kasa-obake
2715:Tsuchinoko
2706:Tsuchigumo
2578:Sunekosuri
2553:Shussebora
2472:Shidaidaka
2463:Shachihoko
2418:Rokurokubi
2364:Ootakemaru
2200:Nyūdō-bōzu
2173:Nurarihyon
2146:Noppera-bō
2018:Mikaribaba
1937:Koromodako
1809:Kasa-obake
1782:Kamaitachi
1602:Hiderigami
1566:Hanako-san
1442:Chimimōryō
1370:Aosaginohi
1137:Uriko-hime
828:2006-12-14
686:2022-12-07
617:(1): 1–6.
493:References
429:Other uses
419:‘Ewa Beach
404:Glen Grant
373:noppera-bō
361:noppera-bō
300:shapeshift
278:) and the
215:In reality
87:Appearance
59:is an old
37:Edo period
29:(from the
3120:Hawaiiana
3014:Yuki-onna
2942:Yamajijii
2834:Tsurubebi
2697:Tōfu-kozō
2499:Shinigami
2481:Shikigami
2454:Sazae-oni
2182:Nure-onna
1928:Korpokkur
1892:Kitsunebi
1654:Hone-onna
1584:Hashihime
1575:Harionago
1503:Funayūrei
1433:Binbōgami
1397:Azukiarai
1307:Amanozako
1298:Amanojaku
1235:Aka Manto
1011:Kasa Jizō
929:Folktales
769:(第2号): 9.
548:cite book
509:Tanuki-ko
118:tanuki-bi
3005:Yosuzume
2960:Yamawaro
2951:Yama-uba
2933:Yamabiko
2888:Ushi-oni
2879:Umi zatō
2814:Ungaikyō
2805:Menreiki
2742:Bakezōri
2587:Takaonna
2508:Shiranui
2427:Samebito
2391:Otoroshi
2290:Kidōmaru
2191:Nurikabe
2164:Nuppeppō
2137:Noderabō
2110:Namahage
2083:Mononoke
1991:Kuzunoha
1946:Kotobuki
1881:Hakuzōsu
1845:Kijimuna
1836:Keukegen
1791:Kamikiri
1771:Nekomata
1762:Bakeneko
1735:Jorōgumo
1726:Jinmenju
1717:Janjanbi
1611:Hinezumi
1512:Furaribi
1469:Dorotabō
1460:Dodomeki
1388:Ayakashi
1253:Akashita
1065:Oto-hime
1047:Momotarō
1038:Kurozuka
966:Hakuzōsu
847:: 1–93.
812:(1908).
635:Archived
471:See also
445:'s book
336:水飲め、茶を飲め
61:Japanese
2915:Wanyūdō
2870:Umibōzu
2852:Ubagabi
2544:Shōkera
2517:Shirime
2490:Shikome
2337:Onikuma
2254:Ōmukade
2056:Mizuchi
1910:Komainu
1872:Kitsune
1827:Kawauso
1744:Jubokko
1708:Isonade
1690:Inugami
1663:Hyōsube
1593:Hibagon
1361:Aonyōbō
1343:Amikiri
1334:Ameonna
1289:Aoandon
1262:Akateko
1244:Akaname
1020:Kintarō
883:mujina.
861:1177429
824:: 1–159
631:1177646
271:kitsune
159:kitsune
2978:Yobuko
2969:Yanari
2679:Tenome
2670:Tennin
2596:Tanuki
2569:Sōjōbō
2526:Shiryō
2445:Satori
2436:Sankai
2355:Ōnyūdō
2128:Ningyo
2119:Namazu
2101:Mujina
2074:Momiji
2047:Misaki
2009:Mazoku
1982:Kumiho
1901:Kodama
1854:Kinoko
1753:Kaibyō
1681:Ikuchi
1672:Ikiryō
1539:Gagoze
1494:Enenra
1485:Dragon
1352:Aobōzu
1280:Amabie
859:
744:
629:
535:mujina
531:tanuki
439:Mujina
415:mujina
408:mujina
393:mujina
389:Kahala
385:mujina
353:Mujina
348:kaidan
322:かぶきり小僧
290:mujina
281:tanuki
241:tanuki
237:tanuki
229:tanuki
225:mujina
221:mujina
209:mujina
205:mujina
200:mujina
189:mujina
180:mujina
178:, the
170:Traits
164:mujina
154:mujina
150:mujina
146:mujina
138:mujina
129:mujina
114:mujina
109:mujina
105:tanuki
101:tanuki
93:mujina
71:tanuki
45:Mujina
27:mujina
3105:Yōkai
3032:Yūrei
2996:Yōsei
2987:Yōkai
2906:Waira
2861:Ubume
2688:Tesso
2661:Tengu
2560:]
2535:Shōjō
2409:Raijū
2382:Osaki
2346:Onryō
2319:Onibi
2245:Okubi
2236:Okiku
2209:Obake
2092:Mōryō
2000:Kyubi
1973:Kudan
1863:Kirin
1818:Kasha
1800:Kappa
1618:]
1557:Goryō
1476:]
1424:Basan
1271:Akuma
1166:Texts
881:–80.
857:JSTOR
802:Notes
627:JSTOR
515:[
464:Japan
456:onsen
357:ghost
298:that
295:yōkai
176:yōkai
2924:Yako
2897:Uwan
2400:Ouni
2227:Oiwa
1521:Fūri
1415:Baku
763:民間伝承
742:ISBN
582:Text
554:link
539:mami
533:and
423:Hilo
329:kozō
91:The
81:mami
2652:Ten
2263:Oni
2155:Nue
849:doi
767:第5巻
720:doi
660:doi
619:doi
521:doi
421:to
359:(a
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276:fox
261:by
231:in
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1616:ja
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53:貉
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