695:
749:
275:
765:
294:
717:
801:
733:
650:
781:
84:
53:
813:
829:
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401:
845:
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1298:
488:
2272:
694:
641:
These foals phenotypically resembled horses, though they bore markings absent from the sire's known lineages, and one had ears noticeably longer than those typical of her sire's breed. The elder two horse-like foals had proved fertile at the time of publication, with their progeny being typical of horses.
640:
described a female mule that was pregnant for a seventh time, having previously produced two donkey sires, two foals with the typical 63 chromosomes of mules, and several horse stallions that had produced four foals. The three of the latter available for testing each bore 64 horse-like chromosomes.
547:
The mule inherits from the donkey the traits of intelligence, sure-footedness, toughness, endurance, disposition, and natural cautiousness. From the horse it inherits speed, conformation, and agility. Mules are reputed to exhibit a higher cognitive intelligence than their parent species, but robust
426:
home. At the time, they were not common in the United States, but
Washington understood their value, as they were "more docile than donkeys and cheap to maintain." In the nineteenth century, they were used in various capacities as draught animals – on farms, especially where clay made the soil
660:
While a few mules can carry live weight up to 160 kg (353 lb), the superiority of the mule becomes apparent in their additional endurance. In general, a mule can be packed with dead weight up to 20% of its body weight, or around 90 kg (198 lb). Although it depends on the
261:
cycles, and so could, in theory, carry a fetus, is called a "molly" or "Molly mule", although the term is sometimes used to refer to female mules in general. A male mule is properly called a "horse mule", although it is often called a "john mule", which is the correct term for a
543:
wrote: "The mule always appears to me a most surprising animal. That a hybrid should possess more reason, memory, obstinacy, social affection, powers of muscular endurance, and length of life, than either of its parents, seems to indicate that art has here outdone nature".
527:
The coat may be of any color seen in the horse or in the donkey. Mules usually display the light points commonly seen in donkeys: pale or mealy areas on the belly and the insides of the thighs, on the muzzle, and around the eyes. They often have
450:
In the second half of the twentieth century, widespread use of mules declined in industrialised countries. The use of mules for farming and for transportation of agricultural products largely gave way to steam-, then diesel-powered,
665:
are reported to be able to carry up to 72 kg (159 lb) and walk 26 km (16.2 mi) without resting. The average equine in general can carry up to roughly 30% of its body weight in live weight, such as a rider.
2186:
748:
442:
Mules were used by armies to transport supplies, occasionally as mobile firing platforms for smaller cannons, and to pull heavier field guns with wheels over mountainous trails such as in
Afghanistan during the
513:. A mule is generally larger than a hinny, with longer ears and a heavier head; the tail is usually covered with long hair like that of its mare mother. A mule has the thin limbs, small narrow hooves and short
635:
stallion, exhibited no characteristics of any donkey. That horse, a stallion, was bred to several mares, which gave birth to live foals that showed no characteristics of the donkey. In 1995, a group from the
2166:
493:
1142:
249:
Mules vary widely in size, and may be of any color. They are more patient, hardier and longer-lived than horses, and are perceived as less obstinate and more intelligent than donkeys.
680:
2036:
1109:
520:
Mules vary widely in size, from small miniature mules under 125 cm (50 in) to large and powerful draught mules standing up to 180 cm (70 in) at the
926:
620:
in 2007, mare mules produced colts. Blood and hair samples from the
Colorado birth verified that the mother was indeed a mule and the foal was indeed her offspring.
764:
596:
7:57), and a mule's giving birth was a frequently recorded portent in antiquity, although scientific writers also doubted whether it was really possible (see e.g.
800:
1837:
716:
1947:
1318:
732:
2158:
2141:
590:
in 480 BC: "There happened also a portent of another kind while he was still at Sardis—a mule brought forth young and gave birth to a mule" (Herodotus
2330:
2256:
1201:
780:
2234:
517:
of the donkey, while its height, the shape of the neck and body, and the uniformity of its coat and teeth are more similar to those of the horse.
1084:
1461:
1397:
1173:
1706:
812:
548:
scientific evidence to back up these claims is lacking. Preliminary data exist from at least two evidence-based studies, but they rely on
1403:
631:
in the late 1920s. One of the foals was a female, sired by a jack. Unlike her mother, she was sterile. The other, sired by a five-gaited
1364:
1238:
Katrin
Hinrichs (2011). Nuclear Transfer. In: Angus O. McKinnon, Edward L. Squires, Wendy E. Vaala, Dickson D. Varner (editors) (2011).
1043:
637:
2238:
2028:
1101:
2106:
1343:
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1031:
957:
896:
587:
1676:
828:
2192:
Rong, R.; Chandley, A. C.; Song, J.; McBeath, S.; Tan, P. P.; Bai, Q.; Speed, R. M. (1988). "A fertile mule and hinny in China".
683:
reports that China was the top market for mules in 2003, closely followed by Mexico and many
Central and South American nations.
1313:
2859:
1887:
1864:
293:
1742:
1069:
844:
552:. Mules are generally taller at the shoulder than donkeys and have better endurance than horses, although a lower top speed.
2824:
2112:
1244:
1019:
981:
918:
3639:
505:
In general terms, in both the mule and the hinny, the foreparts and head of the animal are similar to those of the father
308:
3659:
3257:
2323:
427:
slippery and sticky; pulling canal boats; and famously for pulling, often in teams of 20 or more animals, wagonloads of
435:, California from 1883 to 1889. The wagons were among the largest ever pulled by draught animals, designed to carry 10
327:, extended into that of the domestic ass, which originated in north-eastern Africa. This overlap probably occurred in
1925:
3618:
2784:
1955:
2252:
375:
2011:
2789:
83:
2316:
2129:
739:
628:
444:
1134:
559:– its skin is harder and less sensitive than that of a horse, and it is better able to bear heavy weights.
3649:
3608:
2711:
2684:
851:
819:
35:
3523:
2496:
2408:
3664:
1702:
1487:
Proops, Leanne; Faith Burden; Britta
Osthaus (18 July 2008). "Mule cognition: a case of hybrid vigor?".
1333:
1197:
755:
592:
498:
31:
3411:
3379:
3371:
3128:
2589:
2481:
274:
3531:
1059:
3581:
3515:
3483:
3403:
3395:
1634:
1562:
673:
3419:
2764:
3459:
3248:
3213:
3177:
2852:
2819:
2137:
1766:
1081:
704:
632:
472:
61:
3283:
3271:
1811:
1794:
672:
Mule trains have been part of working portions of transportation links as recently as 2005 by the
3654:
3549:
3507:
3499:
3475:
3387:
2968:
2003:
1698:
1512:
529:
319:
Breeding of mules became possible only when the range of the domestic horse, which originated in
78:
3204:
1829:
649:
627:
describes two offspring of a fertile mare mule named "Old Bec," which was owned at the time by
3589:
3015:
2209:
2102:
2083:
1588:
1504:
1457:
1393:
1387:
1339:
1252:
1179:
1169:
1065:
1027:
953:
419:
412:
266:
mule. A young male mule is called a "mule colt", and a young female is called a "mule filly".
2288:
1426:
1356:
3565:
3222:
3186:
2996:
2898:
2814:
2721:
2339:
2201:
2073:
2065:
1995:
1806:
1775:
1642:
1578:
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1496:
1303:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
771:
662:
464:
408:
367:
359:
207:
3491:
3443:
3427:
2987:
2978:
2940:
2912:
2744:
2664:
2526:
1779:
1248:
1088:
1023:
579:
343:
279:
203:
2222:
888:
2098:
Mule South to
Tractor South: Mules, Machines, and the Transformation of the Cotton South
1666:
1638:
1566:
3644:
3573:
3538:
3467:
3435:
3360:
3236:
3195:
3070:
3052:
3005:
2931:
2845:
2800:
2491:
2388:
2078:
2053:
1646:
1583:
1550:
1338:(Animal Agriculture Series), sixth edition. Danville, Illinois: Interstate Publishers.
835:
669:
About 3.5 million donkeys and mules are slaughtered each year for meat worldwide.
582:. A few mare mules have produced offspring when mated with a horse or donkey stallion.
571:, intermediate between the 64 of the horse and the 62 of the donkey. Mules are usually
540:
524:. The median weight range is between about 370 and 460 kg (820 and 1000 lb).
297:
243:
135:
52:
2295:
17:
3633:
3345:
3312:
3061:
3043:
2869:
2659:
2584:
2565:
2438:
2007:
1309:
1304:
723:
708:
476:
354:, shows a chariot drawn by a pair of animals which have been variously identified as
347:
283:
165:
1860:
1516:
1013:
Valerie Porter, Lawrence
Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016).
612:, 2.1.28). Between 1527 and 2002, approximately sixty such births were reported. In
3557:
3451:
3353:
3155:
2809:
2736:
2654:
2619:
2574:
2546:
2466:
2443:
2383:
855:
654:
536:
514:
506:
432:
423:
400:
320:
2418:
1732:
1606:
RV, Short (1 October 1975). "The contribution of the mule to scientific thought".
2096:
1451:
1239:
1014:
676:, and are still used extensively to transport cargo in rugged, roadless regions.
2755:
2501:
1895:
1737:
973:
556:
549:
510:
332:
2283:
2069:
1064:. Austin: University of Texas Press; London: British Museum (Natural History).
3613:
3097:
2726:
2644:
2624:
2398:
1500:
791:
568:
371:
227:
2837:
1322:. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 959–960.
1183:
226:). The horse and the donkey are different species, with different numbers of
2703:
2430:
597:
583:
578:
Pregnancy is rare, but can occasionally occur naturally, as well as through
572:
456:
436:
231:
219:
95:
2276:
1592:
1551:"Donkey genome and insight into the imprinting of fast karyotype evolution"
1508:
550:
a limited set of specialized cognitive tests and a small number of subjects
2300:
2271:
2213:
2087:
1999:
487:
2716:
2649:
2531:
2364:
2358:
2352:
1917:
1671:
617:
452:
382:
is a clear and detailed image of two mules loaded with nets for hunting.
328:
239:
115:
1361:
The
Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General
555:
In the early twentieth century the mule was preferred to the horse as a
3603:
3322:
2674:
2639:
2634:
2611:
2599:
2536:
2518:
2506:
2476:
2458:
2448:
2393:
2375:
868:
613:
521:
379:
263:
258:
145:
2205:
1983:
1574:
1428:
What Mr. Darwin Saw in His Voyage Round the World in the Ship 'Beagle'
1272:
3168:
3146:
3119:
2954:
2921:
2889:
2775:
2679:
2486:
2471:
2413:
1793:
Henry, M.; Gastal, E.L.; Pinheiro, L.E.L.; Guimarmes, S.E.F. (1995).
787:
532:
such as dorsal stripe, shoulder stripe or zebra stripes on the legs.
468:
460:
355:
312:
304:
300:
287:
211:
180:
155:
125:
105:
1795:"Mating Pattern and Chromosome Analysis of a Mule and Her Offspring"
1530:
Giebel; et al. (1958). "Visuelles
Lernvermögen bei Einhufern".
234:
between them, the mule is easier to obtain and more common than the
3307:
3109:
3088:
3029:
2689:
2669:
2629:
2579:
2554:
648:
605:
486:
428:
399:
390:
385:
363:
292:
273:
235:
215:
186:
2308:
2029:"Colorado miracle mule foal lived short life, but was well-loved"
1363:. Vol. XVII. Henry G. Allen and Company. 1888. p. 15.
223:
2841:
2312:
479:. Neither an equid nor a hybrid animal had been cloned before.
397:
Christopher Columbus allegedly brought mules to the New World.
2403:
1830:"Hunter's Specialties: More With Wayne Carlton On Elk Hunting"
494:
Eleven Years in the Rocky Mountains and a Life on the Frontier
2181:
Renner, G. K. "The Mule in Missouri Agriculture, 1821-1950."
950:
The Mule Men: A History of Stock Packing in the Sierra Nevada
509:, while the hindparts and tail tend to resemble those of the
806:
Unloading US Army mules in Naples, Italy, in September, 1944
370:
works of art dating from the first millennium BC. Among the
1016:
Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding
2159:"There Is a Man Wandering Around California With 3 Mules"
1948:"Mule train provides lifeline for remote quake survivors"
1805:(Equine Reproduction VI – Monograph Series 1): 273–279.
1726:
1724:
1135:"Mules, mankind share a common history in modern world"
681:
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
2134:
Here We Have Idaho: The University of Idaho Magazine
1886:
American Endurance Ride Conference (November 2003).
1733:"Mule's foal fools genetics with 'impossible' birth"
586:
gives an account of such an event as an ill omen of
286:, showing a pair of animals which could be mules or
3331:
3300:
3270:
3235:
3154:
3145:
3096:
3087:
3028:
2953:
2897:
2888:
2798:
2773:
2753:
2735:
2702:
2610:
2563:
2545:
2517:
2457:
2429:
2374:
1386:Chen, Z. Jeffrey; Birchler, James A., eds. (2013).
1984:"The Mule: The Worker that "Can't Get No Respect""
335:in Western Asia, and mules were bred there before
1549:Huang, Jinlong; et al. (16 September 2015).
1168:. New York: The Penguin Press. pp. 483–484.
980:. American Donkey and Mule Society. 22 May 2013.
1608:Journal of Reproduction and Fertility Supplement
1482:
1480:
1046:. London: British Museum. Archived 25 June 2020.
358:, as mules or as hinnies. Mules were present in
222:of a male donkey (a jack) and a female horse (a
1699:"Befuddling Birth: The Case of the Mule's Foal"
1200:. Texas State Library and Archives Commission.
2221:Williams, John O; Speelman, Sanford R (1948).
1764:Anderson, W. S. (1939). "Fertile Mare Mules".
2853:
2324:
2130:"It's a Mule: UI produces first equine clone"
1431:. New York: Harper & Bros. pp. 33–34
1091:. London: British Museum. Accessed July 2022.
8:
366:. There are many representations of them in
303:in the shape of the head of a mule, made by
238:, which is the offspring of a male horse (a
1812:10.1093/biolreprod/52.monograph_series1.273
1251:, second edition. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
3151:
3093:
2894:
2860:
2846:
2838:
2331:
2317:
2309:
1824:
1822:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1267:
1265:
51:
42:
2077:
1810:
1582:
1291:
1289:
895:. Library of Congress. 18 December 2013.
661:individual animal, mules trained by the
388:noted their arrival in Asia Minor in the
2058:Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
1082:Wall panel; relief: Museum number 124896
1054:
1052:
439:(9 metric tons) of borax ore at a time.
2052:Chandley, A. C.; Clarke, C. A. (1985).
1625:Savory, Theodore H (1970). "The Mule".
880:
690:
2027:Buchholz, Katharina (16 August 2013).
1954:. World Food Programme. Archived from
1273:First Cloned Mule Races to Finish Line
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
899:from the original on 28 September 2020
1928:from the original on 24 February 2019
1861:"Beasts ease burden of quake victims"
1859:Khan, Aamer Ahmed (19 October 2005).
1780:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a104657
1234:
1232:
1061:Domesticated Animals from Early Times
7:
2241:from the original on 21 January 2015
2014:from the original on 6 February 2019
1745:from the original on 7 November 2009
1731:Lofholm, Nancy (19 September 2007).
1709:from the original on 6 December 2008
1112:from the original on 13 October 2022
1044:Tomb-painting: Museum number EA37982
1026:(sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI.
1840:from the original on 8 October 2010
984:from the original on 8 January 2018
929:from the original on 1 October 2020
2157:Lukach, Mark (11 September 2013).
1867:from the original on 29 April 2009
1647:10.1038/scientificamerican1270-102
638:Federal University of Minas Gerais
25:
2169:from the original on 24 July 2014
2144:from the original on 23 July 2014
2115:from the original on 2 April 2023
2039:from the original on 25 July 2014
1988:Southwestern Historical Quarterly
1679:from the original on 29 July 2018
1406:from the original on 2 April 2023
1367:from the original on 2 April 2023
1198:"Mules hauling a 22,000lb boiler"
1145:from the original on 2 April 2023
2294:
2282:
2270:
1453:The Natural Superiority of Mules
1296:
1271:Constance Holden (30 May 2003).
1204:from the original on 2 June 2016
1102:"Homer, Iliad, Book 23, line 93"
952:. Missoula, MT: Mountain Press.
843:
827:
811:
799:
779:
763:
747:
731:
715:
693:
82:
2257:U.S. Government Printing Office
2194:Cytogenetic and Genome Research
2101:. University of Alabama Press.
2255:. Originally published by the
2235:U.S. Department of Agriculture
1836:. Hunter's Specialties. 2009.
754:British mule train during the
1:
2299:The dictionary definition of
2095:Ellenberg, George B. (2007).
1888:"Chapter 3, Section IV: Size"
1665:Kay, Katty (2 October 2002).
1389:Polyploid and Hybrid Genomics
1058:Juliet Clutton-Brock (1981).
2128:Loftus, Bill (August 2003).
1332:M. Eugene Ensminger (1990).
455:and lorries. On 5 May 2003,
350:, dating from approximately
27:Domestic horse–donkey hybrid
3258:Hartmann's mountain zebra (
2943:Equus africanus somaliensis
2880:Extinct species are marked
3681:
3619:Domestication of the horse
3018:Equus hemionus hydruntinus
2934:Equus africanus atlanticus
2183:Missouri Historical Review
2165:. Atlantic Monthly Group.
2070:10.1177/014107688507801003
1982:Arnold, Watson C. (2008).
1892:Endurance Rider's Handbook
948:Jackson, Louise A (2004).
889:"Mule Day: A Local Legacy"
588:Xerxes' invasion of Greece
471:material, was born at the
307:, early fifth century BC,
29:
3599:
2955:Onager / Asiatic wild ass
2915:Equus africanus africanus
2878:
2825:Grizzly–polar bear hybrid
2820:Grizzly–black bear hybrid
2346:
2185:74 (July 1980): 433–457.
1501:10.1007/s10071-008-0172-1
1450:Hauer, John, ed. (2014).
1392:. John Wiley & Sons.
1224:Mule Battery WDL11495.png
378:from the North Palace of
376:Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal
242:) and a female donkey (a
79:Scientific classification
77:
68:
59:
50:
45:
1667:"Morocco's miracle mule"
1425:Darwin, Charles (1879).
655:Death Valley, California
629:Texas A&M University
232:first-generation hybrids
181:E. africanus asinus
3180:Equus quagga burchellii
3131:Equus ferus przewalskii
2981:Equus hemionus hemippus
2971:Equus hemionus hemionus
1799:Biology of Reproduction
1335:Horses and Horsemanship
1319:Encyclopædia Britannica
1022:5 February 2023 at the
834:Mules delivering mail,
818:Ploughing with a mule,
740:Second Anglo-Afghan War
722:Mule train fording the
445:Second Anglo-Afghan War
309:JĂ©rĂ´me Carcopino Museum
257:A female mule that has
3609:Evolution of the horse
3260:Equus zebra hartmannae
3216:Equus quagga crawshayi
3030:Kiang/Tibetan wild ass
2924:Equus africanus asinus
2685:Congolese spotted lion
1894:. AERC. Archived from
1532:Zoologische JahrbĂĽcher
820:Saluda, South Carolina
657:
623:A 1939 article in the
502:
416:
316:
290:
230:; of the two possible
36:Mules (disambiguation)
18:Mule train (transport)
3249:Cape mountain zebra (
3207:Equus quagga chapmani
3198:Equus quagga borensis
3064:Equus kiang holdereri
3008:Equus hemionus onager
2868:Species of the genus
2785:Polecat–ferret hybrid
2000:10.1353/swh.2008.0002
1703:National Public Radio
1247:26 March 2023 at the
1164:Chernow, Ron (2010).
756:Second Anglo-Boer War
652:
499:Frances Fuller Victor
490:
403:
296:
277:
32:Mule (disambiguation)
3640:Domesticated animals
3225:Equus quagga selousi
3129:Przewalski's horse (
3112:Equus ferus caballus
3073:Equus kiang polyodon
2999:Equus hemionus kulan
2969:Mongolian wild ass (
2279:at Wikimedia Commons
923:The Donkey Sanctuary
738:Mule battery in the
674:World Food Programme
491:Loading mules, from
30:For other uses, see
3660:Livestock guardians
3524:Equus parastylidens
3189:Equus quagga boehmi
3171:Equus quagga quagga
3016:European wild ass (
2990:Equus hemionus khur
2790:Polecat–mink hybrid
2253:UNT Digital Library
2138:University of Idaho
1767:Journal of Heredity
1639:1970SciAm.223f.102S
1627:Scientific American
1567:2015NatSR...514106H
1241:Equine Reproduction
1226:Library of Congress
1087:6 July 2022 at the
893:americaslibrary.gov
625:Journal of Heredity
473:University of Idaho
62:Conservation status
3550:Equus semiplicatus
3541:Equus simplicidens
3508:Equus occidentalis
3500:Equus niobrarensis
3476:Equus mauritanicus
3388:Equus conversidens
3361:Giant Cape zebra (
3214:Crawshay's zebra (
3178:Burchell's zebra (
2997:Turkmenian kulan (
2590:Lord Morton's mare
2054:"Cum mula peperit"
1958:on 8 December 2015
1555:Scientific Reports
1166:Washington: A Life
852:South Kaibab trail
701:The Devil's Bridge
658:
653:A 20-mule team in
616:in early 2002 and
602:Historia animalium
535:The mule exhibits
530:primitive markings
503:
422:bred mules at his
417:
342:A painting in the
317:
291:
3627:
3626:
3590:Equus yunnanensis
3412:Equus dalianensis
3380:Equus complicatus
3372:Equus cedralensis
3296:
3295:
3251:Equus zebra zebra
3205:Chapman's zebra (
3141:
3140:
3122:Equus ferus ferus
3083:
3082:
3046:Equus kiang kiang
2988:Indian wild ass (
2979:Syrian wild ass (
2941:Somali wild ass (
2913:Nubian wild ass (
2835:
2834:
2497:Jackal–dog hybrid
2409:Sheep–goat hybrid
2275:Media related to
2227:Farmers' Bulletin
2223:"Mule production"
2206:10.1159/000132531
1575:10.1038/srep14106
1463:978-1-62636-166-9
1399:978-0-470-96037-0
1175:978-1-59420-266-7
1106:perseus.tufts.edu
919:"What is a mule?"
575:for this reason.
420:George Washington
413:Hieronymus Wierix
196:
195:
187:E. ferus caballus
72:
16:(Redirected from
3672:
3566:Equus sivalensis
3539:Hagerman horse (
3532:Equus pectinatus
3237:Mountain zebra (
3196:Maneless zebra (
3152:
3094:
3071:Southern kiang (
3053:Northern kiang (
3006:Persian onager (
2932:Atlas wild ass (
2899:African wild ass
2895:
2862:
2855:
2848:
2839:
2815:ABC Islands bear
2745:Macropod hybrids
2722:Hybrid orangutan
2482:Dingo–dog hybrid
2333:
2326:
2319:
2310:
2298:
2287:Data related to
2286:
2274:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2217:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2091:
2081:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2023:
2021:
2019:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1826:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1728:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1705:. 26 July 2007.
1695:
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1662:
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1622:
1616:
1615:
1603:
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1546:
1540:
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1527:
1521:
1520:
1489:Animal Cognition
1484:
1475:
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1472:
1470:
1447:
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1213:
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1209:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1139:The Daily Herald
1131:
1125:
1124:
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1117:
1098:
1092:
1079:
1073:
1056:
1047:
1041:
1035:
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994:
993:
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989:
978:lovelongears.com
970:
964:
963:
945:
939:
938:
936:
934:
915:
909:
908:
906:
904:
885:
847:
831:
815:
803:
783:
772:British Columbia
767:
751:
735:
719:
705:Schöllenen Gorge
697:
663:Army of Pakistan
465:nuclear transfer
409:Hendrik Goltzius
360:Israel and Judah
353:
338:
326:
278:Painting in the
87:
86:
71:
55:
43:
21:
3680:
3679:
3675:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3669:
3630:
3629:
3628:
3623:
3595:
3582:Equus uralensis
3516:Equus pacificus
3492:Equus namadicus
3484:Equus mexicanus
3444:Equus giganteus
3428:Equus fraternus
3404:Equus cumminsii
3396:Equus crinidens
3333:
3327:
3292:
3284:Grévy's zebra (
3272:Grévy's zebra (
3266:
3231:
3223:Selous' zebra (
3187:Grant's zebra (
3137:
3079:
3062:Eastern kiang (
3055:Equus kiang chu
3044:Western kiang (
3031:
3024:
2956:
2949:
2903:Equus africanus
2900:
2884:
2874:
2866:
2836:
2831:
2794:
2769:
2749:
2731:
2698:
2665:Panthera hybrid
2606:
2559:
2555:Elephant hybrid
2541:
2527:Clymene dolphin
2513:
2453:
2425:
2370:
2369:
2342:
2337:
2267:
2262:
2244:
2242:
2220:
2191:
2172:
2170:
2156:
2147:
2145:
2127:
2118:
2116:
2109:
2094:
2064:(10): 800–801.
2051:
2042:
2040:
2026:
2017:
2015:
1981:
1977:
1975:Further reading
1972:
1971:
1961:
1959:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1931:
1929:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1901:
1899:
1885:
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1868:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1843:
1841:
1828:
1827:
1820:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1774:(12): 549–551.
1763:
1762:
1758:
1748:
1746:
1730:
1729:
1722:
1712:
1710:
1697:
1696:
1692:
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1654:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1534:. Physiologie.
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1350:
1331:
1327:
1312:, ed. (1911). "
1308:
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1249:Wayback Machine
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1100:
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1095:
1089:Wayback Machine
1080:
1076:
1057:
1050:
1042:
1038:
1024:Wayback Machine
1012:
997:
987:
985:
974:"Longear Lingo"
972:
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967:
960:
947:
946:
942:
932:
930:
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912:
902:
900:
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865:
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848:
839:
832:
823:
816:
807:
804:
795:
794:, Mexico, 1930s
784:
775:
768:
759:
758:in South Africa
752:
743:
736:
727:
720:
711:
698:
689:
647:
580:embryo transfer
565:
485:
483:Characteristics
362:in the time of
351:
344:Tomb of Nebamun
336:
324:
280:Tomb of Nebamun
272:
255:
192:
81:
73:
64:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3678:
3676:
3668:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3632:
3631:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3593:
3585:
3577:
3574:Equus stenonis
3569:
3561:
3553:
3545:
3535:
3527:
3519:
3511:
3503:
3495:
3487:
3479:
3471:
3468:Equus lenensis
3463:
3455:
3447:
3439:
3436:Equus gallicus
3431:
3423:
3420:Equus excelsus
3415:
3407:
3399:
3391:
3383:
3375:
3367:
3363:Equus capensis
3357:
3349:
3340:
3338:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3304:
3302:
3298:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3280:
3278:
3268:
3267:
3265:
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3255:
3245:
3243:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3220:
3211:
3202:
3193:
3184:
3175:
3164:
3162:
3156:Plains zebra (
3149:
3143:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3126:
3116:
3106:
3104:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3078:
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3068:
3059:
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3038:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3012:
3003:
2994:
2985:
2975:
2965:
2963:
2959:Equus hemionus
2951:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2938:
2928:
2919:
2909:
2907:
2892:
2886:
2885:
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2529:
2523:
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2515:
2514:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2492:Eastern coyote
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2463:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2435:
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2427:
2426:
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2401:
2396:
2391:
2389:American Breed
2380:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2361:
2355:
2348:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2340:Mammal hybrids
2338:
2336:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2292:
2291:at Wikispecies
2280:
2266:
2265:External links
2263:
2261:
2260:
2251:Hosted by the
2218:
2189:
2179:
2154:
2125:
2107:
2092:
2049:
2024:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1939:
1909:
1898:on 15 May 2008
1878:
1851:
1834:hunterspec.com
1818:
1785:
1756:
1720:
1690:
1652:
1633:(6): 102–109.
1617:
1598:
1541:
1522:
1476:
1462:
1442:
1417:
1398:
1378:
1348:
1325:
1310:Chisholm, Hugh
1285:
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836:Supai, Arizona
833:
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824:
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770:Mule train in
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728:
721:
714:
712:
699:
692:
688:
685:
646:
643:
567:A mule has 63
564:
561:
541:Charles Darwin
484:
481:
467:of cells from
459:, a mule foal
374:depicting the
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3650:Equid hybrids
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3460:Equus latipes
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3356:
3355:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3346:Equus alaskae
3342:
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3336:
3330:
3324:
3321:
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3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
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2660:Serengeti cat
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2108:9780817357726
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2799:
2774:
2765:Iron Age pig
2754:
2737:Macropodinae
2655:Savannah cat
2620:Felid hybrid
2594:
2575:Equid hybrid
2564:
2547:Elephantidae
2467:Canid hybrid
2384:Bovid hybrid
2301:
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2230:
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2163:The Atlantic
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1956:the original
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1456:. Skyhorse.
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892:
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856:Grand Canyon
700:
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537:hybrid vigor
534:
526:
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504:
492:
449:
441:
433:Death Valley
424:Mount Vernon
418:
405:Mule and Ass
404:
396:
389:
384:
368:Mesopotamian
352:1350 BC
341:
337:1000 BC
325:3500 BC
321:Central Asia
318:
256:
248:
218:. It is the
199:
197:
185:
179:
178:
166:
40:
3332:Prehistoric
3286:Equus grevy
3274:Equus grevy
3239:Equus zebra
3100:Equus ferus
3034:Equus kiang
2712:Denisova 11
2502:Sulimov dog
2289:Equus mulus
2033:Denver Post
1962:4 September
1952:www.wfp.org
1922:www.fao.org
1738:Denver Post
1222:Caption of
1208:4 September
1149:15 February
742:, 1879–1880
569:chromosomes
557:pack animal
394:in 800 BC.
372:bas-reliefs
333:Mesopotamia
253:Terminology
228:chromosomes
3634:Categories
3614:Wild horse
2727:Koolakamba
2645:Kellas cat
2625:Bengal cat
2399:Dwarf Lulu
1932:25 October
1749:5 February
1713:5 February
1683:5 February
1538:: 487–520.
1116:12 October
1070:0292715323
875:References
792:Guanajuato
633:Saddlebred
437:short tons
364:King David
210:between a
152:Subtribe:
3655:Livestock
2704:Hominidae
2431:Camelidae
2140:: 12–15.
2119:3 January
2018:3 January
2008:143167549
1994:: 34–50.
1918:"FAOSTAT"
1561:: 14106.
1184:535490473
598:Aristotle
584:Herodotus
573:infertile
563:Fertility
457:Idaho Gem
323:in about
315:, Corsica
220:offspring
174:Species:
102:Kingdom:
96:Eukaryota
3169:Quagga (
3120:Tarpan (
2922:Donkey (
2717:Humanzee
2650:Pumapard
2532:Wholphin
2365:Mammalia
2359:Chordata
2353:Animalia
2351:Kingdom
2239:Archived
2167:Archived
2142:Archived
2113:Archived
2037:Archived
2012:Archived
1926:Archived
1902:7 August
1865:Archived
1838:Archived
1743:Archived
1707:Archived
1677:Archived
1672:BBC News
1593:26373886
1517:27962537
1509:18636282
1404:Archived
1371:27 March
1365:Archived
1245:Archived
1202:Archived
1143:Archived
1110:Archived
1085:Archived
1020:Archived
982:Archived
927:Archived
897:Archived
863:See also
618:Colorado
604:, 6.24;
453:tractors
329:Anatolia
240:stallion
204:domestic
142:Family:
126:Mammalia
116:Chordata
112:Phylum:
106:Animalia
92:Domain:
3604:Equidae
3337:species
3323:Zebroid
3301:Hybrids
3110:Horse (
2776:Mustela
2675:Liliger
2640:Chausie
2635:Caraval
2612:Felidae
2600:Zebroid
2537:Narluga
2519:Cetacea
2507:Wolfdog
2477:Coywolf
2459:Canidae
2449:Huarizo
2394:Beefalo
2376:Bovidae
2357:Phylum
2245:16 July
2214:3378453
2173:16 July
2148:16 July
2088:4045882
2079:1289943
2043:16 July
1871:6 April
1863:. BBC.
1844:16 July
1635:Bibcode
1614:(1): 1.
1584:4571621
1563:Bibcode
1469:16 July
1435:16 July
1410:16 July
1307::
1277:Science
988:16 July
869:Zebroid
854:in the
850:On the
687:Gallery
614:Morocco
522:withers
431:out of
380:Nineveh
356:onagers
288:onagers
270:History
259:oestrus
206:equine
162:Genus:
146:Equidae
132:Order:
122:Class:
3147:Zebras
3089:Horses
2680:Marozi
2487:Dogxim
2472:Coydog
2419:Żubroń
2414:Yakalo
2363:Class
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838:, 2008
822:, 1947
788:Celaya
774:, 1911
726:, 1868
501:, 1887
469:foetal
461:cloned
415:, 1578
348:Thebes
313:Aleria
305:Brygos
301:rhyton
284:Thebes
264:gelded
214:and a
212:donkey
208:hybrid
156:Equina
3645:Mules
3335:Equus
3313:Kunga
3308:Hinny
2890:Asses
2871:Equus
2801:Ursus
2690:Tigon
2670:Liger
2630:Blynx
2585:Kunga
2580:Hinny
2566:Equus
2444:Bukht
2004:S2CID
1513:S2CID
1122:mules
606:Varro
429:borax
391:Iliad
386:Homer
244:jenny
236:hinny
216:horse
202:is a
184:♂ ×
167:Equus
46:Mule
3318:Mule
2595:Mule
2439:Cama
2302:mule
2277:Mule
2247:2014
2231:1341
2210:PMID
2175:2014
2150:2014
2121:2022
2103:ISBN
2084:PMID
2045:2014
2020:2022
1964:2015
1934:2019
1904:2008
1873:2010
1846:2014
1751:2009
1715:2009
1685:2009
1589:PMID
1505:PMID
1471:2014
1458:ISBN
1437:2014
1412:2014
1394:ISBN
1373:2016
1340:ISBN
1314:Mule
1253:ISBN
1210:2015
1180:OCLC
1170:ISBN
1151:2020
1118:2022
1066:ISBN
1028:ISBN
990:2014
954:ISBN
935:2020
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679:The
515:mane
507:sire
331:and
224:mare
200:mule
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2404:Dzo
2202:doi
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1996:doi
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