Idaho National Laboratory

3633: 209: 171: 727:'s magazine cover story on Stuxnet carried INL's official response, stating, "Idaho National Laboratory was not involved in the creation of the Stuxnet worm. In fact, our focus is to protect and defend control systems and critical infrastructures from cyber threats like Stuxnet and we are all well recognized for these efforts. We value the relationships that we have formed within the control systems industry and in no way would risk these partnerships by divulging confidential information." 38: 1105: 1463:

Counts (scans the body for any internal radiation exposure) and were required to submit urine and fecal samples to further test for internal radioisotopes. Six of them proved to be exposed to "low-level-radiation", two of them fairly extensively. All workers were kept under close observation afterwards with repeated Whole Body Counts and urine and fecal sampling. The Idaho National Laboratory insisted that no radioactivity leaked outside the facility.

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convert U.S. research reactors and build new reactor fuels that replace highly enriched uranium with a safer, low-enriched uranium fuel. To protect against threats from the dispersal of nuclear and radiological devices, INL researchers also examine radiological materials to understand their origin and potential uses. Others have applied their knowledge to the development of detection technologies that scan and monitor containers for nuclear materials.

581:(ATR) a National Scientific User Facility in April 2007. This designation opened the facility to use by university-led scientific research groups and gives them free access to the ATR and other resources at INL and partner facilities. In addition to a rolling proposal solicitation with two closing dates each year, INL holds an annual "Users Week" and summer session to familiarize researchers with the user facility capabilities available to them. 1247: 903: 1168: 289:. Historically, the lab has been involved with nuclear research, although the laboratory does other research as well. Much of current knowledge about how nuclear reactors behave and misbehave was discovered at what is now Idaho National Laboratory. John Grossenbacher, former INL director, said, "The history of nuclear energy for peaceful application has principally been written in Idaho". 1442:(Stationary Low-Power Plant Number 1) was destroyed when a control rod was pulled too far out of the reactor, leading to a near-instantaneous prompt-critical power excursion and steam explosion. The reactor vessel jumped up 9 feet 1 inch (2.77 m). The concussion and blast killed all three military enlisted personnel working on the reactor. Due to the extensive radioactive 1019:

site; and includes: seven substations, a 24/7 staffed dispatch and control center, 61 miles of 138 kV transmission lines, and multiple distribution circuits at 15 kV, 25 kV and 35 kV. Sections of the grid can be isolated and reconfigured for integrated testing and demonstration of state of the art power systems, components and smart grid technologies.

1070: 325: 341: 333: 1048:. Its researchers, who have access to each partner institution's equipment and infrastructure, have competed for and won millions of dollars in national funding for their projects. The center's laboratories are equipped with research instruments and tools, including a Local Electrode Atom Probe (LEAP) and a Computer Assisted Virtual Environment (CAVE). 178: 216: 1371: 263: 248: 1431: 1333:(NRF for short). There is also an Expended Core Facility (ECF for short) also at NRF as well as administrative buildings/facilities. NRF's chemistry lab was located at the S1W prototype. By now, the prototype plants for shipboard use development have been shut down. Only the Expended Core Facility / Dry Storage Area is in use. 1061:

loop through which the mostly transparent oil is pumped at variable speeds. Special lasers perform "Doppler velocimetry", that produces a three-dimensional image allowing inspection of an object's flow properties. Observers can also watch the flow themselves through the polycarbonate viewing panes near the laser equipment.

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On the afternoon of November 8, 2011, in the Zero Power Physics Reactor (ZPPR), a container leaked "plutonium-related" materials, when it was opened by one of the workers. All 17 workers at the incident were immediately taken to have testing done by the Idaho Cleanup Project in the form of Whole Body

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INL's Critical Infrastructure Test Range Complex (CITRC), operated by INL, is a utility-scale electric power grid test bed. The electric grid is an operational, commercially fed system that provides power to all of INL's key research facilities on its sprawling, 890-square-mile (2,300 km) desert

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HFEF provides 15 workstations known as hot cells. For windows, each cell has leaded glass panes layered 4 feet (1.2 m) thick and separated by thin layers of oil. Remote manipulators allow users to maneuver items inside the hot cell using robotic arms. Special filtered exhaust systems keep indoor

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In addition to subcontracting more than $ 100 million worth of work from Idaho's small businesses, INL technologies are often licensed to new or existing companies for commercialization. In the past 10 years, INL has negotiated roughly 500 technology licenses. And INL technology has spawned more than

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The laboratory's expansive desert location, nuclear facilities and wide range of source materials provide an ideal training location for military responders, law enforcement and other civilian first responders. INL routinely supports these organizations by leading classroom training, conducting field

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conducted fieldwork in Idaho exploring the accident's root causes. Comparing the accident to a 2014 drum breach accident at the WIPP nuclear waste repository in New Mexico, Ialenti attributed Idaho's drum breaches to "systemic incentives to speed up waste-cleanup projects beyond their organizational

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INL is pioneering the research and testing associated with hybrid energy systems that combine multiple energy sources for optimum carbon management and energy production. For example, a nuclear reactor could provide electricity when certain renewable resources are not available, while also providing

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INL researchers are partnering with farmers, agricultural equipment manufacturers and universities to optimize the logistics of an industrial-scale biofuel economy. Agricultural waste products—such as wheat straw; corncobs, stalks or leaves; or bioenergy crops such as switchgrass or miscanthus—could

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Many of the experiments that use the geocentrifuge require it to run for hundreds of hours in order to correctly simulate several years' worth of gravitational effects. The payload is monitored by an onboard computer and can be relayed to a remote monitoring station outside the centrifuge's chamber

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INL supports science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) education in classrooms across the state. Each year, the lab invests nearly $ 500,000 in Idaho teachers and students. Funding goes toward scholarship programs for high school graduates, technical college students and teachers who want to

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The MMG focuses on problems within nuclear reactors related to its fuel and how heat is transferred inside the reactor. "Fuel degradation" refers to how uranium pellets and the rods they are encased in (several rods bundled together is what makes a "fuel assembly") eventually wear out over time due

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The Program aims to safely and economically extend the service lives of the more than 100 electricity-generating nuclear power plants in the United States. The program brings together technical information, performs important research and organizes data to be used in license-extension applications.

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More central to EBR-I's purpose than just generating electricity, however, was its role in proving that a reactor could create more nuclear fuel as a by-product than it consumed during operation. In 1953, tests verified that this was the case. The site of this event is memorialized as a Registered

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is the largest such facility in the world. Using light mineral oil, the facility allows researchers to use fused quartz models built to scale to study the flow of liquids inside and around objects with complicated geometries, such as the core of a nuclear reactor. The facility is basically a giant

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Using the RTG on the New Horizons mission is a more practical power source for the satellite than solar panels because the satellite will travel to such a great distance that energy from the sun would provide insufficient power for the craft. Work on the project started in late 2004 and ended with

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is much smaller than the more common electricity-producing reactors—the reactor vessel measures 12 feet (3.7 m) across and 36 feet (11 m) high, with the core a mere 4 feet (1.2 m) tall and 50 inches (130 cm) across, and it does not generate electricity. As a special feature, it

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The Biological Systems department is housed in 15 laboratories with a total of 12,000 square feet (1,100 m) at the INL Research Center in Idaho Falls. The department engages in a wide variety of biological studies, including studying bacteria and other microbes that live in extreme conditions

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In April 2018, four canisters of depleted uranium sludge suddenly overpressurized and ejected their lids at a US Department of Energy facility at Idaho National Laboratory. The waste had originated from the now-decommissioned Rocky Flats weapons plutonium production plant. In 2018, anthropologist

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The INL centrifuge is one of fewer than 25 geocentrifuges larger than two meters (about 6 feet) in the United States. The centrifuge, located next to the INL Research Center in Idaho Falls, can be operated remotely by computer and is capable of applying 130 times the force of earth's gravity on a

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The Instrumentation, Control and Intelligent Systems (ICIS) Distinctive Signature supports mission-related research and development in key capability areas: safeguards and control system security, sensor technologies, intelligent automation, human systems integration, and robotics and intelligent

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For nearly a decade, INL has been conducting vulnerability assessments and developing technology to increase infrastructure resilience. With a strong emphasis on industry collaboration and partnership, INL is enhancing electric grid reliability, control systems cybersecurity and physical security

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For example, in May 2010, the program awarded $ 38 million for 42 university-led R&D projects at 23 United States universities in 17 states. In FY 2009, the program awarded about $ 44 million to 71 R&D projects and more than $ 6 million in infrastructure grants to 30 U.S. universities and

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Currently, the United States, like many other countries, employs an "open-ended" nuclear fuel cycle, whereby nuclear power plant fuel is used only once and then placed in a repository for indefinite storage. One of the primary FCRD goals is to research, develop and demonstrate ways to "close" the

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The world's first Loss-of-Fluid-Test reactor started up at INL on March 12, 1976. It repeatedly simulated loss-of-coolant accidents that could potentially occur in commercial nuclear power plants. Many safety designs for reactors around the world are based on these tests. LOFT experiments helped

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INL's Fuel Conditioning Facility uses electrolysis to separate certain components from used nuclear fuel rods. Unlike traditional aqueous reprocessing techniques, which dissolve the fuel rods in acid, "pyroprocessing" melts the rods and uses electricity to separate components such as uranium and

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The ATR allows scientists to place a variety of materials in an environment with specified intensities of radiation, temperature, and pressure. Specimens are then removed to examine how the time in the reactor affected the materials. The U.S. Navy is the facility's primary user, but the ATR also

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Under the direction of the National Nuclear Security Administration, INL and other national laboratory scientists are leading a global initiative to secure foreign stockpiles of fresh and spent highly enriched uranium and return it to secure storage for processing. Other engineers are working to

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Various organizations have built more than 50 reactors at what is commonly called "the Site", including the ones that gave the world its first usable amount of electricity from nuclear power and the power plant for the world's first nuclear submarine. Although many are now decommissioned, these

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In addition, INL owns and operates a communications network designed to research and test cellular, mobile and emerging Internet communication protocols and technology, with both fixed and mobile 3-G platforms that allow testing and demonstration within a range of experimental frequencies in a

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The lab hires more than 300 interns each summer to work alongside laboratory employees. INL is listed by Vault, the online job resource site, as one of the best places in the U.S. to get an internship Internships are offered to high school, undergraduate, graduate and post-graduate students in

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In mid-2014, construction of a new liquid waste processing facility, the Integrated Waste Treatment Unit (IWTU), was nearing completion at INTEC on the INL site. It will process approximately 900,000 gallons of liquid nuclear waste using a steam reforming process to produce a granular product

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The Fuel Cycle Research & Development program aims to help expand nuclear energy's benefits by addressing some of the issues inherent to the current life cycle of nuclear reactor fuel in the United States. These efforts strive to make nuclear energy's expansion safe, secure, economic and

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Small businesses that contract with the lab can participate in a Department of Energy program designed to enhance their capabilities. INL has worked with a variety of small businesses in this mentoring capacity, including International Management Solutions and Portage Environmental.

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When the nuclear industry was just getting started in the early 1950s, it was difficult to predict exactly how different kinds of metals and other materials would be affected by being used in a reactor for prolonged periods of time. MTR was a research reactor jointly designed by

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and the nearby Fuel Conditioning Facility proved the concept of fuel recycling and passive safety characteristics. So-called "passive" safety includes systems that rely on natural physics laws such as gravity rather than systems that require mechanical or human intervention.

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INL's Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity gathers information from more than 4000 plug-in-hybrid vehicles. These vehicles, operated by a wide swath of companies, local and state governments, advocacy groups, and others are located all across the United States, Canada and

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and outdoor air safe. At these stations, scientists and technicians can better determine the performance of irradiated fuels and materials. Scientists can also characterize materials destined for long-term storage at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico.

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Only days afterward, the reactor produced all the electricity needed for the entire EBR complex. One ton of natural uranium can produce more than 40 million kilowatt-hours of electricity—this is equivalent to burning 16,000 tons of coal or 80,000 barrels of oil.

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INL's National and Homeland Security division focuses on two main areas: protecting critical infrastructures such as electricity transmission lines, utilities and wireless communications networks, and preventing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.

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Building on INL's nuclear mission and legacy in reactor design and operations, the lab's engineers are developing technology, shaping policy and leading initiatives to secure the nuclear fuel cycle and prevent the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.

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Dozens of other types of vehicles, like hydrogen-fueled and pure electric cars, are also tested at INL. This data will help evaluate the performance and other factors that will be critical to widespread adoption of plug-in or other alternative vehicles.

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suitable for disposal. The facility is the first of its kind and based on a scaled prototype. The project is a part of the Department of Energy's Idaho Cleanup Project aimed at removing waste and demolishing old nuclear facilities at the INL site.

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allows scientists to simultaneously test materials in multiple unique experimental environments. Research scientists can place experiments in one of the more than 70 test positions in the reactor. Each can generate unique experimental conditions.

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and other industrial purposes, while also generating electricity. And the NGNP would use a high-temperature gas reactor, which would have redundant safety systems that rely on natural physical processes more than human or mechanical intervention.

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INL's robotics program researches, builds, tests and refines robots that, among other things, clean up dangerous wastes, measure radiation, scout drug-smuggling tunnels, aid search-and-rescue operations, and help protect the environment.

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breached the Oracle HR system of the Idaho National Laboratory and posted information of 45,047 former and current employees on their Telegram channel. The group demanded the laboratory research the creation of female cat-human hybrids,

2225: 847:." Through its grand challenge in resilient control systems, ICIS research is providing a holistic approach to aspects of design that have often been bolt-on, including human systems, security and modeling of complex interdependency. 1910: 796:

such as the extremely high temperature pools of Yellowstone National Park. These types of organisms could boost the efficiency of biofuels production. Other studies related to uncommon microbes have potential in areas such as

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The Information Operations and Research Center and the Shelley-New Sweden Park and Ride lot is one of fourteen Federal properties listed for disposal by the Public Buildings Reform Board in their 2019 recommendations.

1287:, was to be test flown at TAN, and a large hangar with radiation shielding was built on the site. The program was cancelled, however, before the accompanying 15,000-foot (4,600 m) runway could be built. 680:

INL conducts advanced cyber training and oversees simulated competitive exercises for national and international customers. The lab supports cyber security and control systems programs for the departments of

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integrate more hands-on science activities into their lessons. INL also provides thousands of dollars worth of classroom grants to teachers seeking to upgrade their science equipment or lab infrastructure.

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threats, the types of projects worked on in the Idaho desert changed, too. Perhaps the most well-known was the building of the prototype reactor for the world's first nuclear-powered submarine, the

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INL's geocentrifuge helps researchers, among other efforts, improve models of how liquids and contaminants move through engineered caps and barriers used in underground waste disposal facilities.

4226: 3553: 1567: 2229: 1885: 4246: 4211: 2056: 1914: 508:" or NGNP, which would be the demonstration of a new way to use nuclear energy for more than electricity. The heat generated from nuclear fission in the plant could provide process heat for 1386:. They proved that the boiling water concept was a feasible design for an electricity-producing nuclear reactor. The BORAX III reactor was also the first in the world to power a community ( 597:

administers the program for DOE. CAES is a collaboration between INL and Idaho's three public research universities: Idaho State University, Boise State University and University of Idaho.

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produces medical isotopes that can help treat cancer patients and industrial isotopes that can be used for radiography to x-ray welds on items such as skyscrapers, bridges and ship holds.

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supports national efforts to do the research and gather the information necessary to demonstrate whether it is safe and prudent to apply for extensions beyond 60 years of operating life.

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to high heat and irradiation inside a reactor. The group states three main objectives: "The mission of the MMG is to support the INL goal to advance the U.S. nuclear energy endeavor by:

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The Radiochemistry Lab is a facility that includes one radiation instrumentation lab, two actinide chemistry labs, and other labs for both radiological and non-radiological research.

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The Hot Fuel Examination Facility (HFEF) gives INL researchers and other scientists the ability to examine and test highly radioactive irradiated reactor fuel and other materials.

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fuel cycle so fuel is reused or recycled rather than being shelved before all of its energy has been used. INL coordinates many of the FCRD's national research efforts, including:

3247:"Independent Oversight Follow-Up Review of Activity Level Implementation of Radiation Controls and Radiological Work Planning at the Materials and Fuels Complex of the Idaho Site" 1120:

and a small crew of assistants witnessed a row of four light bulbs light up in a nondescript brick building in the eastern Idaho desert. Electricity from a generator connected to

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be used to create cellulosic biofuels. INL researchers are working to determine the most economic and sustainable ways to get biofuel raw materials from fields to biorefineries.

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INL worked with private industry to develop the NGNP between 2005 and 2011. It was commissioned to lead this effort by the United States Department of Energy as a result of the

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the January 2006 successful rocket launch. The team implemented the fueling, testing and delivery of the RTG for the Pluto New Horizons mission and for the next Mars rover.

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systems. These five key areas support the INL mission to "ensure the nation's energy security with safe, competitive, and sustainable energy systems and unique national and

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in Southeast New Mexico for permanent storage. The 55-gallon barrel that ruptured is part of the badly-documented radioactive waste from the Rocky Flats Plant near Denver.

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Office of Safety and Emergency Management Evaluations Office of Enforcement and Oversight Office of Health, Safety and Security U.S. Department of Energy (January 2014).

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Some have called the reactor a "virtual time machine", for its ability to demonstrate the effects of several years of radiation on materials in a fraction of the time.

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In May 2022, CNBC reported the Safety and Tritium Applied Research (STAR) program has been set up to looking into the production and safety protocols for working with

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In a landmark test on April 3, 1986, such systems in EBR-II demonstrated that nuclear power plants could be designed to be inherently safe from severe accidents.

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article was later disputed by other journalists, including Forbes blogger Jeffrey Carr, as being both sensational and lacking verifiable facts. In March 2011,

3911: 3641: 2816: 693:. INL staff members are frequently asked to provide guidance and leadership to standards organizations, regulatory agencies and national policy committees. 429:, which is currently managed by the Idaho Environmental Coalition, LLC. Research activities were consolidated in the newly named Idaho National Laboratory. 4167: 4122: 3984: 3539: 352:, the U.S. military needed a safe location for performing maintenance on the Navy's most powerful turreted guns. The guns were brought in via rail to near 2587: 1275:

program's attempt to develop a nuclear-powered aircraft. The program's Heat Transfer Reactor Experiments (HTRE) were conducted here in 1955 by contractor

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National Laboratories that operated until 1970 and provided important data, helping researchers make nuclear power reactors safer and longer lasting.

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The Idaho Chemical Processing Plant chemically processed material from used reactor cores to recover reusable nuclear material. It is now called the

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What is now Idaho National Laboratory in southeastern Idaho began its life as a U.S. government artillery test range in the 1940s. Shortly after the

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The Materials Test Area tested materials' exposure to reactor conditions. The Materials Test Area is part of the Advanced Test Reactor Complex.

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DOE's Nuclear Energy University Programs provide funding for university research grants, fellowships, scholarships and infrastructure upgrades.

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According to AP news reports in April 2018, a single barrel of "radioactive sludge" ruptured while being prepared for transport to the

4206: 4085: 4008: 3562: 686: 606: 282: 2962: 2475: 1612: 4256: 3860: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3617: 3585: 3163: 2711: 2401:"Steam Reforming Application for Treatment of DOE Sodium Bearing Tank Wastes at Idaho National Laboratory for Idaho Cleanup Project" 1710: 1207: 2876: 3850: 3069:. Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy National Laboratory, Bechtel BWXT Idaho, LLC 2908: 2200: 520:. Since 2011, the project has languished and funding for it ceased. The design for this reactor is currently owned by Framatome. 1839: 208: 3870: 3738: 3521: 1228: 1157: 999: 987: 925:

Many ATR experiments focus on materials that could make the next generation of nuclear reactors even safer and longer lasting.

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These robots roll, crawl, fly, and go under water, even in swarms that communicate with each other on the go to do their jobs.

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On January 3, 1961, the only fatal nuclear reactor incident in the U.S. occurred at the NRTS. An experimental reactor called

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The SL-1 reactor vessel being removed from the reactor building. It had jumped over 9 feet (2.7 m) during the accident.

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a carbon-free source of heat and hydrogen that could be used, for example, to make liquid transportation fuels from coal.

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A scientist works on the large geocentrifuge of the Geocentrifuge Research Laboratory at the Idaho National Laboratory.

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INL's Advanced Test Reactor is a research reactor located approximately 50 miles (80 km) from Idaho Falls, Idaho.

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Annotated bibliography for the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues

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contamination, all three were buried in lead coffins. The events are the subject of two books, one published in 2003,

1383: 1349: 1272: 1221: 1113: 762:. Together, they have logged a combined 1.5 million miles worth of data that are analyzed by specialists at INL. 433: 422: 414: 286: 138: 1688: 1818: 3916: 3801: 1137: 2824: 4110: 3967: 3957: 3270: 2135:. Idaho National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. September 25, 2013 1342: 1306: 517: 2970:. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy, Idaho National Laboratory. October 6, 2000. 1622:. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy, Idaho National Laboratory. October 6, 2000. 3781: 3722: 3706: 3012:. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy, Argonne National Laboratory. Archived from 2595: 1108:

The first four bulbs lit by electricity from nuclear power hung near the generator on the second floor of EBR-I

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applicable fields including science, engineering, math, chemistry, business, communication and other fields.

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Experimental Breeder Reactor Number 1 in Idaho, the first reactor to generate a usable amount of electricity

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In 1949, an area of the fringe of the NRTS property named "Test Area North", or TAN, was developed by the

1045: 1037: 722: 361: 349: 252: 1658: 3813: 3691: 911: 897: 578: 3425: 3109: 710:, conducted research on the P.C.S.-7 control system to identify its vulnerabilities. According to the 1280: 797: 79: 2449: 2035: 625:. The ultimate goal of the program is to use these simulation tools to enable more efficient use of 4117: 1041: 509: 87: 3297:"Boiling sand, metallic fire: Technopolitics and temporal form in an Idaho nuclear waste accident" 1279:, and were a series of tests to develop a system of transferring reactor-heated air to a modified 37: 3500:

Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho Chemical Processing Plant, Fuel Reprocessing Complex

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Atomic America: How a Deadly Explosion and a Feared Admiral Changed the Course of Nuclear History

2652:. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. April 1, 2008. Archived from 2282:"Creating a robot colony; INEEL scientists mimic biological societies with swarms of mini-robots" 1986: 1452:

Atomic America: How a Deadly Explosion and a Feared Admiral Changed the Course of Nuclear History

698: 473: 469: 313: 305: 240: 110: 2681:. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. June 1, 2009. Archived from 2536:. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. May 26, 2009. Archived from 1301:

In the early 1950s, the very first full-scale prototype nuclear plant for shipboard use, called

1104: 3528:", 163 photos, 13 measured drawings, 343 data pages, 25 photo caption pages 2507:. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. May 5, 2010. Archived from 4095: 4063: 3818: 3679: 3581: 3433: 3357: 3316: 3225: 3200: 2971: 1623: 1379: 1365: 1238:

De-commissioning of EBR-II began in October 1994 with the removal of the 637 fuel assemblies.

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built by various organizations at the facility for testing; all but three are out of service.

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Mason, J.B.; Wolf, K.; Ryan, K.; Roesener, S.; Cowen, M.; Schmoker, D.; Bacala, P. (2006).

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virus, which allegedly crippled Iran's nuclear centrifuges. The INL, which teamed up with

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The Multiphysics Methods Group (MMG) is a program at Idaho National Laboratory (under the

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Pursuing the development of policy and regulatory framework to support fuel cycle closure

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Developing a robust technical basis in multidimensional multiphysics analysis methods

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Idaho National Laboratory — A first-hand account of the lighting of Arco, Idaho

1002:(TREAT) is a reactor designed specifically to test new reactor fuels and materials. 4090: 4053: 3035:"Decommissioning Projects — Experimental Breeder Reactor-II (EBR-II) Facility" 2450:"D&D Support, Facility Closure, Regulatory Support – Idaho National Laboratory" 1224:'s EBR-II produced nearly half of the electricity needed for test site operations. 1141: 986:

sodium out of the mix. INL is using this technique to remove the sodium metal from

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that the INL was allegedly responsible for some of the initial research behind the

656: 626: 610: 2907:. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from 2875:. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from 2823:. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from 2769:. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from 2739:. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from 2710:. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from 2623:. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from 2594:. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from 2565:. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from 2377:. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from 2348:. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from 2318:. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from 2288:. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from 2258:. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from 2228:. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from 2178:. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from 2110:. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from 2085:. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from 2059:. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from 1938:. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from 1817:. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from 1791:. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from 1765:. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from 1739:. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from 1566:. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from 1477:

capacity, without commensurately expanding their safety or oversight mechanisms."

949:

A video tour of the Hot Fuel Examination Facility at the Idaho National Laboratory

456:

of the complex is 5,000 feet (1,520 m) above sea level. INL is accessible by

1036:

This is a partnership between INL and Idaho's three public research universities—

4078: 4073: 1387: 1326: 1322: 1310: 1302: 1284: 1167: 1117: 301: 2646:"University nuclear experiments selected for Idaho National Laboratory testing" 406:) in 1997. Throughout its lifetime, there have been more than 50 one-of-a-kind 3590: 3486:

Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, SPERT-I & Power Burst Facility Area

3063: 3013: 2934:"Fifty years ago in December: Atomic reactor EBR-I produced first electricity" 2845: 1486: 97: 4182: 4169: 3458:

Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Advanced Reentry Vehicle Fusing System

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Continuing critical fuel cycle research and development (R&D) activities

453: 449: 1069: 324: 247: 990:(EBR-II) fuel rods so they can be safely stored in a national repository. 504:

One part of this program to develop improved nuclear power plants is the "

340: 332: 3882: 3877: 3130:. United States Atomic Energy Commission. August 12, 1955. Archived from 357: 296:

It is on a 890-square-mile (2,310 km) complex in the high desert of

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aboard submarines. It was the predecessor to a similar nuclear plant of

398:) in 1974. After two decades as INEL, the name was changed again to the 3312: 3124:"Idaho town gets atomic power and light in nuclear power demonstration" 2850: 1980:

Broad, William J.; Markoff, John; Sanger, David E. (January 15, 2011).

1737:"INL develops safer, more efficient nuclear fuel for next-gen reactors" 1528:"What was Old is New Again: The Future of Nuclear Energy & the INL" 1498:", in exchange for the removal of the post containing the stolen data. 1495: 1443: 1192: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 827: 759: 707: 703: 418: 3472:

Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Army Reactors Experimental Area

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Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Test Area North, Hangar No. 629

3358:"Detailed data on employees of U.S. national security lab leak online" 1370: 452:

and a number of facilities scattered throughout the area; the average

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Developing the next generation of reactor simulation codes and tools"

123: 73: 3516:", 119 photos, 115 data pages, 24 photo caption pages 3495:", 467 photos, 176 data pages, 92 photo caption pages 3481:", 384 photos, 159 data pages, 34 photo caption pages 2675:"INL engineers tackle graphite challenge with innovative new device" 3488:", 146 photos, 85 data pages, 16 photo caption pages 3474:", 170 photos, 63 data pages, 22 photo caption pages 3465:

Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Old Waste Calcining Facility

3383:"'Gay furry hackers' breach nuclear lab, demand it create catgirls" 426: 293:

facilities are the largest concentration of reactors in the world.

3514:

Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, EBR-II Containment Building

3509:", 69 photos, 60 data pages, 14 photo caption pages 3502:", 93 photos, 79 data pages, 15 photo caption pages 3252:. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy 1867:. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy 1429: 1369: 1313:

design installed in the first nuclear-powered ship, the submarine

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The work done by the group directly supports programs such as the

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Advanced Test Reactor National Scientific User Facility (ATR NSUF)

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is just south. The laboratory employs approximately 5,700 people.

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Idaho Falls: The Untold Story of America's First Nuclear Accident

3039:

Argonne National Laboratory Decontamination & Decommissioning

2342:"INL research probes microbes' potential to clean up groundwater" 1448:

Idaho Falls: The untold story of America's first nuclear accident

468:) is restricted to authorized personnel and requires appropriate 4058: 3526:

Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Arco Naval Proving Ground

3453:", 41 photos, 91 data pages, 1 photo caption page 2480: 1439: 1425: 3647:

Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, & Energy Response

3535: 3342: 2003:"Idaho National Lab: Homeland Security or Homeland Conspiracy?" 3446:(HAER) documentation, filed under Scoville, Butte County, ID: 2502:"INL awards $ 10,000 classroom makeover grant to Sho-Ban H.S." 1588: 1161: 830:, the fuel that many startups are working on to commercialize 546:

Establishing advanced modeling and simulation program elements

370:

In 1949, the federal research facility was established as the

1685:"Site of impact: Cleaning house and charting a future at INL" 1662: 1305:

Prototype, was constructed to test the feasibility of using

3422: 3417: 1711:"Sludge barrel ruptures at Idaho nuclear site, no injuries" 2530:"INL's internship program ranked among best in the nation" 1815:"Light water reactor sustainability program: introduction" 68:

nuclear energy, national security, energy, and environment

641:

Furthering the state of computational nuclear engineering

4242:

United States Department of Energy national laboratories

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Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Test Reactor Area

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Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory

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Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Test Area North

2132: 1982:"Stuxnet Worm Used Against Iran Was Tested in Israel" 4217:

Buildings and structures in Bonneville County, Idaho

3672:

Under Secretary of Energy for Science and Innovation

2176:"Corn harvest kicks off massive cob storage project" 417:

Energy Alliance took over operation of the lab from

4227:

Buildings and structures in Jefferson County, Idaho

4146: 4041: 3762: 3729: 3715: 3670: 3652: 3640: 3603: 2201:"Poet, farmers kick off commercial biomass harvest" 744:exercises and assisting in technology assessments. 609:) begun in 2004. It uses applications based on the 149: 144: 132: 122: 106: 96: 86: 72: 64: 56: 44: 3192: 2961:"Chapter 8 — The Reactor Zoo Goes Critical". 1964: 1382:were five reactors built between 1953 and 1964 by 1014:Critical Infrastructure Test Range Complex (CITRC) 4247:Federally Funded Research and Development Centers 4212:Buildings and structures in Bingham County, Idaho 3064:"Powering Nuclear Energy Through the Generations" 2941:American Nuclear Society: Publications: Magazines 2817:"Matched-Index-of-Refraction (MIR) Flow Facility" 554:Light Water Reactor Sustainability (LWRS) program 4272:Nuclear fuel infrastructure in the United States 3717:Assistant Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Energy 3697:Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy 3507:Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, SPERT-III 2156:. United States Department of Energy. 2011-07-22 1271:and the Atomic Energy Commission to support the 629:, resulting in lower electricity costs and less 4222:Buildings and structures in Butte County, Idaho 1401:Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center 27:Laboratory in Idaho Falls, Idaho, United States 3654:Under Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Security 3613:Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 2226:"Transforming Biomass to Bioenergy Feedstocks" 1467:2018 radioactive waste "drum breach" accidents 1321:. Later, two more prototype plant facilities, 1259:after the Three Mile Island accident in 1979. 384:Energy Research and Development Administration 4232:Historic American Engineering Record in Idaho 4042:Energy Department Facilities and Reservations 3702:Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management 3547: 2895: 2893: 2863: 2861: 2792:"MIRACL - INL Resilience Optimization Center" 2733:"Space & Security Power Systems Facility" 1842:. Atrnsuf.inl.gov. 2012-12-13. Archived from 1112:In the early afternoon of December 20, 1951, 8: 4237:Historic American Landscapes Survey in Idaho 3642:Under Secretary of Energy for Infrastructure 1911:"Welcome to the Multiphysics Methods Group!" 1085:where technicians can observe developments. 1027:Research and Education Campus in Idaho Falls 549:Implementing a science-based R&D program 524:Fuel Cycle Research & Development (FCRD) 30: 2869:"About the Geocentrifuge Research Facility" 2846:"Matched Index of Refraction Flow Facility" 1913:. Idaho National Laboratory. Archived from 1888:. Idaho National Laboratory. Archived from 1687:. Idaho Falls Post Register. Archived from 1613:"Chapter 2 — The Naval Proving Ground" 3554: 3540: 3532: 3162:. United States Government. Archived from 2028:"STUXNET WORM: A Declaration of Cyber-War" 1052:Matched Index of Refraction (MIR) facility 653:Light Water Reactor Sustainability Program 560:Light Water Reactor Sustainability Program 36: 29: 3186: 3184: 1329:, were built at this location called the 1208:Learn how and when to remove this message 1032:Center for Advanced Energy Studies (CAES) 961:Space and Security Power Systems Facility 585:Nuclear Energy University Programs (NEUP) 476:is on the INL's southern border, and the 3662:National Nuclear Security Administration 3623:Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy 3271:"Cleanup project investigation underway" 2312:"Probing life's extremes in Yellowstone" 1152:Experimental Breeder Reactor II (EBR-II) 2927: 2925: 1518: 994:Transient Reactor Test Facility (TREAT) 2704:"Hot Fuel Examination Facility (HFEF)" 1886:"Multiphysics Methods Group: Research" 1526:Grossenbacher, John (April 30, 2010). 1283:jet engine. The planned aircraft, the 1094:Experimental Breeder Reactor I (EBR-I) 390:(NRC). The Idaho site was renamed the 380:United States Atomic Energy Commission 2280:Dalton, Louisa Wray (December 2001). 1532:Idaho Falls City Club — Archives 478:Craters of the Moon National Monument 392:Idaho National Engineering Laboratory 7: 4154:Federal Energy Regulatory Commission 3444:Historic American Engineering Record 3102:"INL Facilities: The BORAX Reactors" 2798:. INL Resilience Optimization Center 2431:. United States Department of Energy 2026:Gross, Michael Joseph (April 2011). 1936:"Critical Infrastructure Protection" 1789:"DOE Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative" 1190:adding citations to reliable sources 1058:Matched Index of Refraction facility 696:In January 2011, it was reported by 494:Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) 3522:Historic American Landscapes Survey 3153:"Enclosure - High Value Asset List" 2901:"Geocentrifuge Research Laboratory" 2154:"Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity" 2133:"Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity" 1865:"Nuclear Energy University Program" 1659:"Idaho National Laboratory History" 892:Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) complex 822:Safety and Tritium Applied Research 128:890 sq mi (2,310 km) 3563:United States Department of Energy 2474:Clifford, Catherine (2022-05-28). 2406:. THOR Treatment Technologies, LLC 2001:Carr, Jeffrey (January 20, 2011). 1458:"Plutonium-related" container leak 1242:Loss of Fluid Test (LOFT) facility 879:40 start-up companies since 1995. 607:United States Department of Energy 595:Center for Advanced Energy Studies 543:Developing deployable technologies 283:United States Department of Energy 25: 3754:Western Area Power Administration 3749:Southwestern Power Administration 3744:Southeastern Power Administration 3618:Energy Information Administration 3356:Vasquez, Christian (2023-11-20). 3088:"Sign in / sign up - Dailymotion" 2371:"INL Meets with Wyoming Governor" 2207:. BBI International. Aug 17, 2010 1735:Ehresman, Teri; Nicole Stricker. 1683:MENSER, PAUL (January 27, 2008). 929:Materials and Fuels Complex (MFC) 753:Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity 748:Energy and environmental projects 3631: 3295:Ialenti, Vincent (August 2022). 2763:"INL team wins NASA recognition" 1709:Ridler, Keith (April 12, 2018). 1166: 601:Multiphysics Methods Group (MMG) 372:National Reactor Testing Station 214: 207: 176: 169: 3739:Bonneville Power Administration 1229:Experimental Breeder Reactor II 1177:needs additional citations for 1158:Experimental Breeder Reactor II 1140:, open to the public every day 1000:Transient Reactor Test Facility 988:Experimental Breeder Reactor II 619:physical and chemical reactions 577:The Department of Energy named 464:, but most of the area (except 3731:Power Marketing Administration 2932:Michal, Rick (November 2001). 1250:The Loss-of-Fluid-Test reactor 1122:Experimental Breeder Reactor I 1100:Experimental Breeder Reactor I 663:National and Homeland Security 466:Experimental Breeder Reactor I 350:Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor 1: 4252:Government buildings in Idaho 3160:Public Buildings Reform Board 2252:"UAVs Take Flight Over Idaho" 2034:. Vanity Fair. Archived from 1763:"Next Generation of Reactors" 1291:Naval Reactors Facility (NRF) 934:Hot Fuel Examination Facility 672:Control systems cybersecurity 593:colleges in 23 states. INL's 506:Next Generation Nuclear Plant 500:Next Generation Nuclear Plant 448:, most of INL is high desert 388:Nuclear Regulatory Commission 4277:Research institutes in Idaho 1337:Materials Test Reactor (MTR) 1023:low-background environment. 798:carbon dioxide sequestration 118:and a large area to the west 4262:Battelle Memorial Institute 3575:James V. Forrestal Building 3043:Argonne National Laboratory 1534:. NPR Radio. Archived from 1384:Argonne National Laboratory 1378:The Boiling Water Reactors 1273:Aircraft Nuclear Propulsion 1222:Argonne National Laboratory 1114:Argonne National Laboratory 434:Waste Isolation Pilot Plant 423:Argonne National Laboratory 382:(AEC) was divided into the 215: 177: 4293: 4267:Nuclear reprocessing sites 4147:Related Independent Agency 3764:National Laboratory System 3605:Deputy Secretary of Energy 3595:Deputy Secretary of Energy 3381:Yeo, Amanda (2023-11-24). 2057:"Nuclear Nonproliferation" 1423: 1363: 1340: 1294: 1155: 1138:National Historic Landmark 1097: 981:Fuel Conditioning Facility 895: 838:Interdisciplinary projects 655:'s research into advanced 497: 18:Multiphysics Methods Group 4207:Idaho National Laboratory 3629: 3569: 3220:McKeown, William (2003). 2905:Idaho National Laboratory 2873:Idaho National Laboratory 2821:Idaho National Laboratory 2796:Idaho National Laboratory 2767:Idaho National Laboratory 2737:Idaho National Laboratory 2708:Idaho National Laboratory 2679:Idaho National Laboratory 2650:Idaho National Laboratory 2621:Idaho National Laboratory 2592:Idaho National Laboratory 2563:Idaho National Laboratory 2534:Idaho National Laboratory 2505:Idaho National Laboratory 2454:Portage — What We Do 2375:Idaho National Laboratory 2346:Idaho National Laboratory 2316:Idaho National Laboratory 2286:Idaho National Laboratory 2256:Idaho National Laboratory 2205:Ethanol Producer Magazine 1564:Idaho National Laboratory 1343:Materials Testing Reactor 1257:accident recovery efforts 800:and groundwater cleanup. 518:Energy Policy Act of 2005 271:Idaho National Laboratory 158: 35: 31:Idaho National Laboratory 4257:Superfund sites in Idaho 3723:Office of Nuclear Energy 3707:Office of Nuclear Energy 3512:HAER No. ID-33-J, " 3505:HAER No. ID-33-I, " 3498:HAER No. ID-33-H, " 3491:HAER No. ID-33-G, " 3484:HAER No. ID-33-F, " 3477:HAER No. ID-33-E, " 3470:HAER No. ID-33-D, " 3463:HAER No. ID-33-C, " 3456:HAER No. ID-33-B, " 3449:HAER No. ID-33-A, " 3199:. New York: Free Press. 2617:"Mentor-Protege Program" 2559:"Small Business Program" 2424:Packer, Natalie (2009). 813:Nuclear waste processing 731:Nuclear nonproliferation 287:Battelle Energy Alliance 139:Battelle Energy Alliance 51:The energy of innovation 3524:(HALS) No. ID-1, " 3343:"Data Breach Resources" 2426:"Idaho Cleanup Project" 1813:Barnard, Cathy (2011). 1415:Incidents and accidents 1331:Naval Reactors Facility 1297:Naval Reactors Facility 874:Small business outreach 856:Scholarships and grants 613:and modeling framework 489:Nuclear Energy Projects 161:INEEL, INEL, ERDA, NRTS 4183:43.53333°N 112.94472°W 3224:. Toronto: ECW Press. 1840:"Atr Nsuf — Home" 1717:. The Spokesman-Review 1435: 1375: 1251: 1109: 1074: 1046:Boise State University 1038:Idaho State University 950: 907: 345: 337: 329: 328:Timeline of INL events 285:and is managed by the 267: 259: 251:Prototype of core for 3692:Office of Electricity 3423:Idaho Cleanup Project 3191:Tucker, Todd (2009). 3006:"Uranium Quick Facts" 2964:Proving the Principal 2588:"Technology Transfer" 1846:on September 21, 2012 1620:Proving the Principal 1454:, published in 2009. 1433: 1374:The BORAX III reactor 1373: 1249: 1107: 1072: 948: 912:Advanced Test Reactor 905: 898:Advanced Test Reactor 804:Hybrid energy systems 579:Advanced Test Reactor 480:is to the southwest. 450:with scrub vegetation 427:Idaho Cleanup Project 413:On February 1, 2005, 343: 335: 327: 279:national laboratories 265: 250: 4188:43.53333; -112.94472 3301:American Ethnologist 1691:on November 13, 2013 1665:on February 19, 2012 1570:on February 23, 2014 1390:) on July 17, 1955. 1281:General Electric J47 1186:improve this article 617:to simulate complex 232:class=notpageimage| 194:class=notpageimage| 102:approx. 5,700 (2023) 4179: / 3586:Secretary of Energy 3112:on October 1, 2009. 3106:www.deq.state.id.us 2598:on December 9, 2013 1892:on January 21, 2009 1420:1961 fatal incident 1380:(BORAX) experiments 1220:From 1969 to 1994, 1042:University of Idaho 906:The core of the ATR 510:hydrogen production 472:. The tiny town of 32: 3428:2019-10-03 at the 3313:10.1111/amet.13089 3169:on 17 October 2020 3045:. January 30, 2013 2174:Stricker, Nicole. 1987:The New York Times 1436: 1376: 1252: 1110: 1075: 1006:Radiochemistry Lab 951: 908: 791:Biological Systems 699:The New York Times 470:security clearance 346: 344:Timeline continued 338: 336:Timeline continued 330: 314:Atomic City, Idaho 268: 260: 111:Idaho Falls, Idaho 65:Research type 4162: 4161: 4064:Kansas City Plant 3980:Pacific Northwest 3680:Office of Science 3582:Jennifer Granholm 3434:Fluor Corporation 3418:Battelle Web site 3231:978-1-55022-562-4 3206:978-1-4165-4433-3 3134:on March 14, 2014 1821:on March 28, 2014 1485:In November 2023 1366:BORAX experiments 1360:BORAX experiments 1218: 1217: 1210: 946: 845:homeland security 683:Homeland Security 446:Snake River Plain 186: 165: 164: 16:(Redirected from 4284: 4194: 4193: 4191: 4190: 4189: 4184: 4180: 4177: 4176: 4175: 4172: 4069:Nevada Test Site 3635: 3634: 3556: 3549: 3542: 3533: 3414: 3413: 3411:Official website 3397: 3396: 3394: 3393: 3378: 3372: 3371: 3369: 3368: 3353: 3347: 3346: 3339: 3333: 3332: 3292: 3286: 3285: 3283: 3282: 3267: 3261: 3260: 3258: 3257: 3251: 3242: 3236: 3235: 3217: 3211: 3210: 3198: 3188: 3179: 3178: 3176: 3174: 3168: 3157: 3149: 3143: 3142: 3140: 3139: 3120: 3114: 3113: 3108:. 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In 1975, the 354:Pocatello, Idaho 304:to the west and 277:) is one of the 218: 217: 211: 197:Location in the 184: 180: 179: 173: 154: 151: 134:Operating agency 82:1 billion (2010) 40: 33: 21: 4292: 4291: 4287: 4286: 4285: 4283: 4282: 4281: 4197: 4196: 4187: 4185: 4181: 4178: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4166: 4165: 4163: 4158: 4142: 4037: 3758: 3725: 3711: 3666: 3648: 3636: 3632: 3627: 3599: 3565: 3560: 3430:Wayback Machine 3409: 3408: 3405: 3400: 3391: 3389: 3380: 3379: 3375: 3366: 3364: 3355: 3354: 3350: 3341: 3340: 3336: 3294: 3293: 3289: 3280: 3278: 3269: 3268: 3264: 3255: 3253: 3249: 3244: 3243: 3239: 3232: 3219: 3218: 3214: 3207: 3190: 3189: 3182: 3172: 3170: 3166: 3155: 3151: 3150: 3146: 3137: 3135: 3122: 3121: 3117: 3100: 3099: 3095: 3086: 3085: 3081: 3072: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3061: 3057: 3048: 3046: 3033: 3032: 3028: 3019: 3017: 3004: 3003: 2999: 2990: 2988: 2984: 2978: 2967: 2960: 2959: 2955: 2946: 2944: 2936: 2931: 2930: 2923: 2914: 2912: 2899: 2898: 2891: 2882: 2880: 2867: 2866: 2859: 2844: 2843: 2839: 2830: 2828: 2815: 2814: 2810: 2801: 2799: 2790: 2789: 2785: 2776: 2774: 2760: 2759: 2755: 2746: 2744: 2731: 2730: 2726: 2717: 2715: 2702: 2701: 2697: 2688: 2686: 2673: 2672: 2668: 2659: 2657: 2644: 2643: 2639: 2630: 2628: 2615: 2614: 2610: 2601: 2599: 2586: 2585: 2581: 2572: 2570: 2557: 2556: 2552: 2543: 2541: 2528: 2527: 2523: 2514: 2512: 2500: 2499: 2495: 2486: 2484: 2473: 2472: 2468: 2459: 2457: 2448: 2447: 2443: 2434: 2432: 2428: 2423: 2422: 2418: 2409: 2407: 2403: 2398: 2397: 2393: 2384: 2382: 2369: 2368: 2364: 2355: 2353: 2339: 2338: 2334: 2325: 2323: 2322:on June 1, 2010 2309: 2308: 2304: 2295: 2293: 2279: 2278: 2274: 2265: 2263: 2250:Gatens, Kathy. 2249: 2248: 2244: 2235: 2233: 2224: 2223: 2219: 2210: 2208: 2199: 2198: 2194: 2185: 2183: 2173: 2172: 2168: 2159: 2157: 2152: 2151: 2147: 2138: 2136: 2131: 2130: 2126: 2117: 2115: 2106: 2105: 2101: 2092: 2090: 2080: 2079: 2075: 2066: 2064: 2063:on July 8, 2014 2055: 2054: 2050: 2041: 2039: 2025: 2024: 2020: 2011: 2009: 2000: 1999: 1995: 1979: 1978: 1974: 1959: 1958: 1954: 1945: 1943: 1934: 1933: 1929: 1920: 1918: 1909: 1908: 1904: 1895: 1893: 1884: 1883: 1879: 1870: 1868: 1863: 1862: 1858: 1849: 1847: 1838: 1837: 1833: 1824: 1822: 1812: 1811: 1807: 1798: 1796: 1786: 1785: 1781: 1772: 1770: 1760: 1759: 1755: 1746: 1744: 1734: 1733: 1729: 1720: 1718: 1708: 1707: 1703: 1694: 1692: 1682: 1681: 1677: 1668: 1666: 1656: 1655: 1651: 1642: 1640: 1636: 1630: 1615: 1611: 1610: 1606: 1597: 1595: 1587: 1586: 1582: 1573: 1571: 1558: 1557: 1553: 1544: 1542: 1538: 1525: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1504: 1483: 1474:Vincent Ialenti 1469: 1460: 1450:, and another, 1428: 1422: 1417: 1400: 1399: 1396: 1368: 1362: 1345: 1339: 1319: (SSN-571) 1299: 1293: 1265: 1263:Test Area North 1244: 1214: 1203: 1197: 1194: 1183: 1171: 1160: 1154: 1126:nuclear fission 1102: 1096: 1091: 1067: 1054: 1034: 1029: 1016: 1008: 996: 983: 963: 938: 936: 931: 900: 894: 889: 876: 867: 858: 853: 840: 824: 815: 806: 793: 781: 772: 755: 750: 733: 674: 665: 603: 587: 572: 556: 526: 502: 496: 491: 486: 442: 386:(ERDA) and the 322: 245: 244: 243: 234: 228: 227: 226: 225: 219: 203: 202: 201: 196: 190: 189: 188: 187: 181: 160: 148: 135: 117: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4290: 4288: 4280: 4279: 4274: 4269: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4244: 4239: 4234: 4229: 4224: 4219: 4214: 4209: 4199: 4198: 4160: 4159: 4157: 4156: 4150: 4148: 4144: 4143: 4141: 4140: 4138:Yucca Mountain 4135: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4115: 4114: 4113: 4108: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4082: 4081: 4076: 4066: 4061: 4056: 4051: 4045: 4043: 4039: 4038: 4036: 4035: 4034: 4033: 4023: 4022: 4021: 4011: 4006: 4005: 4004: 3999: 3989: 3988: 3987: 3977: 3976: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3950: 3945: 3944: 3943: 3933: 3932: 3931: 3921: 3920: 3919: 3914: 3904: 3899: 3898: 3897: 3887: 3886: 3885: 3875: 3874: 3873: 3868: 3863: 3858: 3853: 3843: 3842: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3806: 3805: 3804: 3799: 3794: 3789: 3784: 3774: 3768: 3766: 3760: 3759: 3757: 3756: 3751: 3746: 3741: 3735: 3733: 3727: 3726: 3721: 3719: 3713: 3712: 3710: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3688: 3687: 3676: 3674: 3668: 3667: 3665: 3664: 3658: 3656: 3650: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3638: 3637: 3630: 3628: 3626: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3609: 3607: 3601: 3600: 3598: 3597: 3588: 3578: 3577: 3573:Headquarters: 3570: 3567: 3566: 3561: 3559: 3558: 3551: 3544: 3536: 3530: 3529: 3519: 3518: 3517: 3510: 3503: 3496: 3489: 3482: 3475: 3468: 3461: 3454: 3441: 3436: 3420: 3415: 3404: 3403:External links 3401: 3399: 3398: 3373: 3348: 3334: 3307:(3): 387–400. 3287: 3262: 3237: 3230: 3212: 3205: 3180: 3144: 3115: 3093: 3079: 3055: 3026: 2997: 2976: 2953: 2943:. Nuclear News 2921: 2889: 2857: 2854:. 10 May 2010. 2837: 2808: 2783: 2753: 2724: 2695: 2666: 2637: 2608: 2579: 2550: 2521: 2493: 2466: 2456:. Portage, Inc 2441: 2416: 2391: 2362: 2332: 2302: 2272: 2242: 2217: 2192: 2166: 2145: 2124: 2099: 2073: 2048: 2018: 1993: 1972: 1961:"TITLE NEEDED" 1952: 1927: 1902: 1877: 1856: 1831: 1805: 1779: 1753: 1727: 1701: 1675: 1657:Strong, Jane. 1649: 1628: 1604: 1580: 1551: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1511: 1510: 1503: 1500: 1482: 1479: 1468: 1465: 1459: 1456: 1424:Main article: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1395: 1392: 1364:Main article: 1361: 1358: 1341:Main article: 1338: 1335: 1295:Main article: 1292: 1289: 1269:U.S. Air Force 1264: 1261: 1243: 1240: 1216: 1215: 1174: 1172: 1165: 1156:Main article: 1153: 1150: 1098:Main article: 1095: 1092: 1090: 1087: 1066: 1063: 1053: 1050: 1033: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1015: 1012: 1007: 1004: 995: 992: 982: 979: 962: 959: 935: 932: 930: 927: 896:Main article: 893: 890: 888: 885: 875: 872: 866: 863: 857: 854: 852: 849: 839: 836: 823: 820: 814: 811: 805: 802: 792: 789: 780: 777: 771: 768: 754: 751: 749: 746: 732: 729: 673: 670: 664: 661: 649: 648: 645: 642: 631:waste products 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1742: 1738: 1731: 1728: 1716: 1715:The Spokesman 1712: 1705: 1702: 1690: 1686: 1679: 1676: 1664: 1660: 1653: 1650: 1635: 1631: 1625: 1621: 1614: 1608: 1605: 1594: 1590: 1589:"Fact Sheets" 1584: 1581: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1560:"INL History" 1555: 1552: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1522: 1519: 1513: 1509: 1508:NuScale Power 1506: 1505: 1501: 1499: 1497: 1492: 1488: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1466: 1464: 1457: 1455: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1432: 1427: 1419: 1414: 1412: 1408: 1405: 1393: 1391: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1372: 1367: 1359: 1357: 1355: 1351: 1344: 1336: 1334: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1318: 1312: 1308: 1307:nuclear power 1304: 1298: 1290: 1288: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1262: 1260: 1258: 1248: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1233: 1230: 1225: 1223: 1212: 1209: 1201: 1191: 1187: 1181: 1180: 1175:This section 1173: 1169: 1164: 1163: 1159: 1151: 1149: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1133: 1129: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1106: 1101: 1093: 1088: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1071: 1065:Geocentrifuge 1064: 1062: 1059: 1051: 1049: 1047: 1043: 1039: 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