95:
732:
11 and the subsystem containing its secondary component would be numbered 12. Subsystems which would appear below this in the mobile diagram will be given numbers with three, four, or more digits. When describing a non-hierarchical system by this method, the same subsystem number will be used more than once; for example, a system with three visual components, A, B, and C, no two of which can be grouped into a subsystem, would have two subsystems numbered 1 denoting the two binaries AB and AC. In this case, if B and C were subsequently resolved into binaries, they would be given the subsystem numbers 12 and 13.
326:, which have more complex dynamics and typically have from 100 to 1,000 stars. Most multiple star systems known are triple; for higher multiplicities, the number of known systems with a given multiplicity decreases exponentially with multiplicity. For example, in the 1999 revision of Tokovinin's catalog of physical multiple stars, 551 out of the 728 systems described are triple. However, because of suspected
5163:
378:
5077:
3560:
815:
65:
5127:
111:
597:, this is actually a triple system. The triple system has the more distant visual companion Gliese 643 and the still more distant visual companion Gliese 644C, which, because of their common motion with Gliese 644AB, are thought to be gravitationally bound to the triple system. This forms a quintuple system whose mobile diagram would be the diagram of level 4 appearing in (f).;
801:, which may be optical rather than physical, this hierarchy may be only apparent. It uses upper-case letters (A, B, ...) for the first level of the hierarchy, lower-case letters (a, b, ...) for the second level, and numbers (1, 2, ...) for the third. Subsequent levels would use alternating lower-case letters and numbers, but no examples of this were found in the sample.
5151:
5115:
5139:
5088:
1025:
781:
For a designation system, identifying the hierarchy within the system has the advantage that it makes identifying subsystems and computing their properties easier. However, it causes problems when new components are discovered at a level above or intermediate to the existing hierarchy. In this case,
731:
A. A. Tokovinin's
Multiple Star Catalogue uses a system in which each subsystem in a mobile diagram is encoded by a sequence of digits. In the mobile diagram (d) above, for example, the widest system would be given the number 1, while the subsystem containing its primary component would be numbered
724:
1299:
star means that the stars may appear to be close to each other, when viewed from planet Earth, as they both seem to occupy nearly the same point in the sky, but in reality, one star may be much farther away from Earth than the other, which is not readily apparent unless one can view them over the
3240:
Mayer, P.; Harmanec, P.; Zasche, P.; Brož, M.; Catalan-Hurtado, R.; Barlow, B. N.; Frondorf, W.; Wolf, M.; Drechsel, H.; Chini, R.; Nasseri, A.; Pigulski, A.; Labadie-Bartz, J.; Christie, G. W.; Walker, W. S. G.; Blackford, M.; Blane, D.; Henden, A. A.; Bohlsen, T.; Božić, H.; Jonák, J. (2022).
562:
A simplex diagram of hierarchy 3 may describe a system with anywhere from four to eight components. The mobile diagram in (e) shows an example of a quadruple system with hierarchy 3, consisting of a single distant component orbiting a close binary system, with one of the components of the close
794:, was later prepared. The issue was discussed again at the 25th General Assembly in 2003, and it was again resolved by commissions 5, 8, 26, 42, and 45, as well as the Working Group on Interferometry, that the WMC scheme should be expanded and further developed.
936:
or Alpha Ursae
Minoris (α UMi), the north star, is a triple star system in which the closer companion star is extremely close to the main star—so close that it was only known from its gravitational tug on Polaris A (α UMi A) until it was imaged by the
492:
997:. It was discovered to be a triple system in 2013, when the K type flare star TW Piscis Austrini and the red dwarf LP 876-10 were all confirmed to share proper motion through space. The primary has a massive dust disk similar to that of the early
929:
or as far away as 36 AU. Proxima
Centauri, also (though less frequently) called Alpha Centauri C, is much farther away (between 4300 and 13,000 AU) from α Cen AB, and orbits the central pair with a period of 547,000 (+66,000/-40,000)
789:
in 2000, the WMC scheme was endorsed and it was resolved by
Commissions 5, 8, 26, 42, and 45 that it should be expanded into a usable uniform designation scheme. A sample of a catalog using the WMC scheme, covering half an hour of
101:
397:. Each of these smaller groups must also be hierarchical, which means that they must be divided into smaller subgroups which themselves are hierarchical, and so on. Each level of the hierarchy can be treated as a
581:
stars. By itself, this would be a quadruple hierarchy 2 system as in (d), but it is orbited by a fainter more distant component, which is also a close red dwarf binary. This forms a sextuple system of hierarchy
634:. Such stars eventually settle down to a close binary with a distant companion, with the other star(s) previously in the system ejected into interstellar space at high velocities. This dynamic may explain the
540:, i.e. if the decomposition of some subsystem involves two or more orbits with comparable size. Because, as we have already seen for triple stars, this may be unstable, multiple stars are expected to be
613:
Trapezia are usually very young, unstable systems. These are thought to form in stellar nurseries, and quickly fragment into stable multiple stars, which in the process may eject components as galactic
455:. The reason for this arrangement is that if the inner and outer orbits are comparable in size, the system may become dynamically unstable, leading to a star being ejected from the system.
524:
Hierarchical multiple star systems with more than three stars can produce a number of more complicated arrangements. These arrangements can be organized by what Evans (1968) called
403:
by considering close pairs as if they were a single star. In these systems there is little interaction between the orbits and the stars' motion will continue to approximate stable
1145:
and revolve around each other once every 7.15 days. These in turn orbit the third star once every 145 days. The fourth star orbits the other three stars roughly every fifty years.
605:. Others consider complex multiple stars will in time theoretically disintegrate into less complex multiple stars, like more common observed triples or quadruples are possible.
3068:
740:
The current nomenclature for double and multiple stars can cause confusion as binary stars discovered in different ways are given different designations (for example,
4928:
782:
part of the hierarchy will shift inwards. Components which are found to be nonexistent, or are later reassigned to a different subsystem, also cause problems.
1051:, around 42 light years away from the Solar System. It has an apparent magnitude of around 0.08, making Capella one of the brightest stars in the night sky.
3107:
3084:
2632:
1423:
3385:
3043:
797:
The sample WMC is hierarchically organized; the hierarchy used is based on observed orbital periods or separations. Since it contains many visual
748:
for eclipsing binary stars), and, worse, component letters may be assigned differently by different authors, so that, for example, one person's
2936:
770:
The
Sequential Designation Method, a non-hierarchical scheme in which components and subsystems are assigned numbers in order of discovery; and
4960:
2664:
1360:
532:). Each level of the diagram illustrates the decomposition of the system into two or more systems with smaller size. Evans calls a diagram
94:
64:
951:. The red dwarf, C, hosts between two and seven planets, of which one, Cc, alongside the unconfirmed Cf and Ce, are potentially habitable.
404:
341:
systems, which are stable, and consist of nested orbits that do not interact much, and so each level of the hierarchy can be treated as a
528:, which look similar to ornamental mobiles hung from the ceiling. Examples of hierarchical systems are given in the figure to the right (
459:
is an example of a physical hierarchical triple system, which has an outer star orbiting an inner physical binary composed of two more
4935:
4254:
3446:
638:
that might have been ejected during a collision of two binary star groups or a multiple system. This event is credited with ejecting
2289:
2164:
2100:
1899:
1808:
1736:
1704:
1686:
1520:
1333:
786:
4647:
2464:
2318:
4561:
2339:
4940:
4577:
3596:
774:
393:: the stars in the system can be divided into two smaller groups, each of which traverses a larger orbit around the system's
3241:"Towards a consistent model of the hot quadruple system HD 93206 = QZ Carinæ — I. Observations and their initial analyses".
2437:
2410:
2310:
4987:
4854:
3451:
3183:"Surveying the Bright Stars by Optical Interferometry. III. A Magnitude-limited Multiplicity Survey of Classical Be Stars"
5105:
4970:
4921:
4896:
4189:
3378:
2962:
Stelzer, B.; Burwitz, V. (2003). "Castor a and Castor B resolved in a simultaneous
Chandra and XMM-Newton observation".
2685:
2116:
1015:
and two main-sequence stars. The orbits of the stars are oriented in such a way that all three stars eclipse each other.
764:
4274:
2704:
585:
The maximum hierarchy occurring in A. A. Tokovinin's
Multiple Star Catalogue, as of 1999, is 4. For example, the stars
4911:
4891:
3458:
3426:
2803:
Schütz, O.; Meeus, G.; Carmona, A.; Juhász, A.; Sterzik, M. F. (2011). "The young B-star quintuple system HD 155448".
630:. These stars have no standard hierarchical arrangements, but compete for stable orbits. This relationship is called
451:, and the third orbits this pair at a distance much larger than that of the binary orbit. This arrangement is called
4975:
4906:
4876:
2883:
Lohr, M. E.; et al. (2015). "The doubly eclipsing quintuple low-mass star system 1SWASP J093010.78+533859.5".
2517:
Mason, Brian D.; Wycoff, Gary L.; Hartkopf, William I.; Douglass, Geoffrey G.; Worley, Charles E. (December 2001).
2012:
Rubinov, A. V. (2004). "Dynamical
Evolution of Multiple Stars: Influence of the Initial Parameters of the System".
1067:
745:
3326:
4982:
4859:
4836:
4418:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
1985:
Zhuchkov, R. Ya.; Orlov, V. V.; Rubinov, A. V. (2006). "Multiple stars with low hierarchy: stable or unstable?".
1711:, A. Tokovinin, in "Massive Stars in Interacting Binaries", 16–20 August 2004, Quebec (ASP Conf. Ser., in print).
601:
Higher hierarchies are also possible. Most of these higher hierarchies either are stable or suffer from internal
2721:
1175:
4125:
3999:
3634:
3104:
2748:
602:
32:
4652:
4321:
3081:
2629:
4901:
4451:
4361:
4303:
4229:
3800:
3726:
3371:
3314:
1455:
741:
3676:
559:
A simplex diagram of hierarchy 2 may describe a triple system, as in (c), or a quadruple system, as in (d).
385:. While only two stars are apparent, it is actually a quadruple system containing two sets of binary stars.
5062:
5042:
4814:
4809:
4602:
4551:
4356:
4346:
4019:
3817:
3785:
3659:
3336:
1127:
969:
938:
819:
243:
to be close to one another in the sky. This may result from the stars actually being physically close and
5183:
4916:
4886:
4881:
4871:
4799:
4587:
3753:
3563:
3436:
1463:
4034:
5057:
4955:
4945:
4794:
4762:
4556:
4351:
4336:
3649:
3540:
3260:
3204:
3147:
3024:
2981:
2902:
2865:
2856:
Gregg, T. A.; Prsa, A.; Welsh, W. F.; Orosz, J. A.; Fetherolf, T. (2013). "A Syzygy of KIC 4150611".
2822:
2785:
2577:
2530:
2499:
2240:
2193:
2128:
2064:
2021:
1994:
1959:
1924:
1847:
1765:
1649:
1572:
1545:
1400:
594:
578:
412:
79:
3896:
2940:
1427:
1106:) orbiting two of the four stars, making it the first known planet to be in a quadruple star system.
723:
100:
Algol A is being regularly eclipsed by the dimmer Algol B every 2.87 days. (Imaged in the
5155:
4657:
4517:
4500:
4171:
4073:
3494:
1235:
155:, although, broadly speaking, they are also star systems. Star systems are not to be confused with
3128:
Zasche, P.; Henzl, Z.; Mašek, M. (2022). "Multiply eclipsing candidates from the TESS satellite".
1590:
Leonard, Peter J.T. (2001). "Multiple stellar systems: Types and stability". In Murdin, P. (ed.).
773:
WMC, the
Washington Multiplicity Catalog, a hierarchical scheme in which the suffixes used in the
270:. Systems with four or more components are less likely to occur. Multiple-star systems are called
5143:
5131:
5052:
5013:
4965:
4950:
4864:
4804:
4727:
4637:
4607:
4597:
4541:
4463:
4154:
3790:
3589:
3509:
3499:
3276:
3250:
3222:
3194:
3163:
3137:
2997:
2971:
2918:
2892:
2838:
2812:
2593:
2567:
2256:
2230:
2037:
1865:
1837:
1170:
1130:
1071:
3015:
Tokovinin, A. A.; Shatskii, N. I.; Magnitskii, A. K. (1998). "ADS 9731: A new sextuple system".
2610:
5003:
4488:
4428:
4401:
4381:
4181:
3965:
3953:
3780:
3760:
3714:
3696:
3664:
3062:
2660:
2285:
2160:
2096:
1895:
1804:
1732:
1682:
1516:
1356:
1329:
1247:
1109:
973:
926:
894:
890:
814:
760:
KoMa, a hierarchical scheme using upper- and lower-case letters and Arabic and Roman numerals;
651:
619:
323:
707:. Components discovered close to an already known component may be assigned suffixes such as
5119:
4831:
4784:
4734:
4722:
4700:
4695:
4622:
4582:
4529:
4311:
4234:
4209:
4103:
4024:
3748:
3709:
3473:
3431:
3268:
3264:
3212:
3155:
3151:
2989:
2985:
2910:
2906:
2830:
2826:
2585:
2581:
2538:
2248:
2201:
2029:
1967:
1932:
1855:
1826:"Studies of multiple stellar systems – IV. The triple-lined spectroscopic system Gliese 644"
1773:
1408:
1404:
1301:
994:
910:
902:
898:
399:
343:
327:
202:
192:
156:
50:
1591:
1095:
5018:
4821:
4690:
4534:
4505:
4446:
4441:
4316:
4044:
4009:
3943:
3889:
3884:
3829:
3639:
3330:
3318:
3111:
3088:
2708:
2689:
2636:
2314:
2119:; Poveda, A.; Hernández-Alcántara, A. (2006). "Runaway Stars, Trapezia, and Subtrapezia".
1708:
1536:
Tokovinin, A. (2001). "Statistics of multiple stars: Some clues to formation mechanisms".
1155:
865:
791:
480:
46:
3181:
Hutter, D. J.; Tycner, C.; Zavala, R. T.; Benson, J. A.; Hummel, C. A.; Zirm, H. (2021).
2519:"The 2001 US Naval Observatory Double Star CD-ROM. I. The Washington Double Star Catalog"
2221:
Hoogerwerf, R.; de
Bruijne, J.H.J.; de Zeeuw, P.T (2000). "The origin of runaway stars".
1701:
917:, designated as Alpha Centauri AB, α Cen AB, or RHD 1 AB, where the AB denotes this is a
756:. Discussion starting in 1999 resulted in four proposed schemes to address this problem:
3208:
3028:
2869:
2789:
2534:
2503:
2438:"Examples of multiple stellar systems discovery history to test new designation schemes"
2244:
2197:
2132:
2068:
2025:
1998:
1963:
1928:
1851:
1769:
1653:
1576:
1549:
5167:
5080:
4846:
4685:
4512:
4483:
4458:
4391:
4080:
3948:
3834:
3736:
3626:
3616:
3489:
2692:, Giovanni Battista Riccioli, Bononiae: Ex typographia haeredis Victorij Benatij, 1651.
2340:"Addressing confusion in double star nomenclature: The Washington Multiplicity Catalog"
1230:
1099:
1005:. That same year, the tertiary star, LP 876-10 was also confirmed to house a dust disk.
886:
586:
444:
394:
360:
83:
818:
Sirius A (center), with its white dwarf companion, Sirius B (lower left) taken by the
377:
191:
from one star to the other, such a system is stable, and both stars will trace out an
5177:
5032:
4826:
4789:
4757:
4632:
4341:
4164:
4135:
4113:
3731:
3704:
3681:
3582:
3545:
3530:
3280:
3226:
3167:
2041:
1971:
1860:
1825:
1754:"A note on the stability of hierarchical triple stars with initially circular orbits"
1202:
1192:
1123:
991:
984:. B and C orbit each other every 156 days, and, as a group, orbit A every 25.7 years.
966:
835:
615:
571:
567:
188:
75:
3001:
2922:
2842:
2597:
2468:
1869:
1082:
of its components Mizar A and B revealed that they are both binary stars themselves.
17:
5162:
5092:
4767:
4717:
4712:
4612:
4495:
4478:
4436:
4396:
4331:
4214:
4159:
4140:
4120:
4098:
4090:
3933:
3926:
3765:
3686:
3669:
3504:
3441:
3421:
3416:
2558:
Kervella, P.; Thévenin, F.; Lovis, C. (2017). "Proxima's orbit around α Centauri".
2490:
Argyle, R. W. (2004). "A new classification scheme for double and multiple stars".
2343:
2260:
1276:
1212:
1208:
1187:
1079:
1059:
998:
977:
859:
655:
635:
623:
420:
365:
145:
3272:
3159:
2914:
2834:
2589:
2317:, Brian D. Mason, Gary L. Wycoff, and William I. Hartkopf, Astrometry Department,
2281:
2275:
2182:"The Space Motions of AE Aurigae and mu Columbae with Respect to the Orion Nebula"
2156:
2150:
2092:
2086:
1891:
1885:
1800:
1794:
1728:
1722:
1612:
763:
The Urban/Corbin Designation Method, a hierarchical numeric scheme similar to the
2993:
2654:
1678:
1668:
1510:
1350:
5008:
4680:
4662:
4642:
4617:
4546:
4468:
4224:
4199:
4194:
4108:
4068:
4029:
3994:
3977:
3972:
3644:
3525:
3468:
2441:
2414:
2307:
1134:
1063:
1002:
918:
914:
869:
854:
839:
831:
798:
643:
590:
472:
448:
251:
multiple star, or this closeness may be merely apparent, in which case it is an
184:
179:
168:
39:
3217:
3182:
31:
This article is about astronomical objects. For the Hollywood star system, see
4592:
4289:
4262:
4239:
4219:
4204:
4056:
3960:
3938:
3916:
3911:
3775:
3535:
3358:
3306:
2055:
Harrington, R. S. (1977). "Multiple Star Formation from N-Body System Decay".
1778:
1753:
1259:
1225:
1119:
1103:
1054:
1044:
958:
944:
647:
639:
570:, also known as Alpha Geminorum or α Gem. It consists of what appears to be a
491:
456:
220:
216:
196:
3044:"Discovery Alert: First Six-star System Where All Six Stars Undergo Eclipses"
2776:
Nemravová, J. A.; et al. (2013). "An Unusual Quadruple System ξ Tauri".
2679:
4779:
4627:
4411:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4326:
4279:
4269:
4063:
4039:
4014:
3921:
3872:
3805:
3795:
3770:
3743:
3719:
3654:
3115:
3092:
2701:
2640:
1674:
1437:
1271:
1197:
1165:
1048:
1032:
1012:
1008:
987:
981:
954:
948:
906:
671:
The components of multiple stars can be specified by appending the suffixes
460:
117:
110:
3353:
3348:
3301:
3296:
3042:
Md, By Jeanette Kazmierczak NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt.
626:. Such systems are not rare, and commonly appear close to or within bright
2387:
1413:
1388:
104:
by the CHARA interferometer. Sudden jumps in the animation are artifacts.)
4772:
4473:
4147:
3906:
3879:
3349:
NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day: Triple star system (11 September 2002)
3297:
NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day: Triple star system (11 September 2002)
2976:
2365:
2235:
1842:
1115:
1085:
1028:
3354:
NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day: Alpha Centauri system (23 March 2003)
3302:
NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day: Alpha Centauri system (23 March 2003)
5047:
4522:
4284:
4051:
4004:
3987:
3982:
3901:
3323:
1160:
1075:
1040:
933:
844:
556:
A simplex diagram of hierarchy 1, as in (b), describes a binary system.
358:
which have unstable strongly interacting orbits and are modelled as an
244:
212:
140:
2033:
333:
Multiple-star systems can be divided into two main dynamical classes:
5037:
5025:
4244:
4130:
3411:
827:
627:
424:
382:
208:
151:
1484:
1024:
143:. A large group of stars bound by gravitation is generally called a
5087:
3255:
3199:
3142:
2897:
2572:
2543:
2518:
2252:
2206:
2181:
2121:
Revista Mexicana de AstronomĂa y AstrofĂsica, Serie de Conferencias
1936:
1565:
Revista Mexicana de AstronomĂa y AstrofĂsica, Serie de Conferencias
3363:
2817:
1950:
Fekel, Francis C (1987). "Multiple stars: Anathemas or friends?".
1142:
1138:
1023:
962:
947:
is a triple star system with two K-type main sequence stars and a
922:
874:
813:
722:
490:
467:
all gravitationally bound might comprise a physical binary and an
440:
376:
240:
160:
71:
703:, etc. may be assigned in order of separation from the component
4406:
4386:
3605:
3394:
3311:
1915:
Harrington, R.S. (1970). "Encounter Phenomena in Triple Stars".
850:
574:
416:
236:
136:
3578:
3367:
407:
orbits around the system's center of mass, unlike the unstable
255:
multiple star Physical multiple stars are also commonly called
4752:
1126:
and eclipsing quadruple star consisting of three blue-white B-
1112:
is the first quadruple star system with an Earth-sized planet.
1091:
1602:
Nature Publishing Group published the original print edition.
618:. They are named after the multiple star system known as the
577:
which, upon closer inspection, can be seen to consist of two
389:
Most multiple-star systems are organized in what is called a
330:, the ability to interpret these statistics is very limited.
2529:(6). U. S. Naval Observatory, Washington D.C.: 3466–3471.
990:(α PsA, α Piscis Austrini) is a triple star system in the
777:
are extended with additional suffixed letters and numbers.
38:"Multiple star" redirects here. For apparent doubles, see
727:
Subsystem notation in Tokovinin's Multiple Star Catalogue
3574:
1987:
Publications of the Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade
1640:
Evans, David S. (1968). "Stars of Higher Multiplicity".
925:
of the binary can make the components be as close as 11
913:. Together, Rigil Kentaurus and Toliman form a physical
86:
resolution in 2009. The shape of Algol C is an artifact.
3312:
General news on triple star systems, TSN, 2008 April 22
1596:(online ed.). Institute of Physics. Archived from
1001:, but much more massive. It also contains a gas giant,
3048:
Exoplanet Exploration: Planets Beyond our Solar System
1752:
Kiseleva, G.; Eggleton, P. P.; Anosova, J. P. (1994).
1597:
1563:
Tokovinin, A. (2004). "Statistics of multiple stars".
683:, etc., to the system's designation. Suffixes such as
548:. Evans calls the number of levels in the diagram its
447:
of the system. Usually, two of the stars form a close
219:, the last of which probably consists of a star and a
5103:
2091:. D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht. pp.
1890:. D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht. pp.
1874:; see §7–8 for a discussion of the quintuple system.
1727:. D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht. pp.
159:, which include planets and similar bodies (such as
4996:
4845:
4743:
4671:
4570:
4427:
4302:
4180:
4089:
3816:
3695:
3625:
3518:
3482:
3404:
2280:. Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Company. p.
2155:. D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht. p.
1799:. D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht. p.
1642:
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society
1326:
Modern Dictionary of Astronomy and Space Technology
544:, meaning that at each level there are exactly two
187:effects, no perturbation from other forces, and no
957:is a triple star system located approximately 149
650:at above 200 km·s and has been traced to the
2611:Does triple star orbit directly affect orbit time
2467:. United States Naval Observatory. Archived from
2342:. United States Naval Observatory. Archived from
2144:
2142:
2080:
2078:
1830:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
1758:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
1215:system, the system can be considered a sextuple.
566:A real example of a system with hierarchy 3 is
1389:"MSC - a catalogue of physical multiple stars"
368:behavior. They can have 2, 3, or 4 stars.
3590:
3379:
2749:"KOI 2626: A Quadruple System with a Planet?"
853:, a variable consisting of a red giant and a
687:may be used to denote the pair consisting of
322:with 8 stars. These systems are smaller than
8:
3067:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1393:Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series
3187:The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
2722:"PH1 : A planet in a four-star system"
2711:, Leos Ondra, accessed on line 26 May 2007.
1515:. Princeton University Press. p. 247.
1328:. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications.
1066:discovered when it was observed in 1650 by
1011:is a unique triple system, consisting of a
889:is a triple star composed of a main binary
719:Nomenclature in the Multiple Star Catalogue
247:bound to each other, in which case it is a
27:Small number of stars that orbit each other
4707:
3822:
3597:
3583:
3575:
3386:
3372:
3364:
2463:William I. Hartkopf & Brian D. Mason.
2338:William I. Hartkopf & Brian D. Mason.
2333:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2308:Format, The Washington Double Star Catalog
1593:Encyclopedia of Astronomy and Astrophysics
1355:. Cambridge University Press. p. 16.
1031:is a quadruple star system located in the
972:. The system is composed of HD 188753A, a
3254:
3216:
3198:
3141:
2975:
2896:
2816:
2571:
2542:
2234:
2205:
1859:
1841:
1777:
1412:
1070:but it was probably observed earlier, by
338:
166:A star system of two stars is known as a
3333:is located at the U.S. Naval Observatory
2465:"Sample Washington Multiplicity Catalog"
1702:Dynamics of multiple stars: observations
1677:Publishing Company, Dordrecht. pp.
785:During the 24th General Assembly of the
736:Future multiple star system nomenclature
5110:
2778:Central European Astrophysical Bulletin
1509:Binney, James; Tremaine, Scott (1987).
1316:
1300:course of a year, and observe distinct
1288:
589:form what appears to be a close visual
517:simplex, quintuple system, hierarchy 4.
3060:
2411:"On the designation of multiple stars"
2303:
2301:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
536:if there is a node with more than two
514:simplex, quadruple system, hierarchy 3
511:simplex, quadruple system, hierarchy 2
1062:is often said to have been the first
116:Artist's impression of the orbits of
7:
1118:(Îľ Tau, Îľ Tauri), located about 222
3359:Alpha Centauri, APOD, 2002 April 25
3307:Alpha Centauri, APOD, 2002 April 25
563:binary being an even closer binary.
508:simplex, triple system, hierarchy 2
3447:List of most massive star clusters
2321:. Accessed on line 20 August 2008.
1824:Mazeh, Tzevi; et al. (2001).
25:
2390:. United States Naval Observatory
2368:. United States Naval Observatory
2366:"Urban/Corbin Designation Method"
2180:Blaauw, A.; Morgan, W.W. (1954).
1420: online versions at
411:systems or the even more complex
207:. Examples of binary systems are
5161:
5149:
5137:
5125:
5113:
5086:
5076:
5075:
3559:
3558:
2659:. Creative Media Partners, LLC.
1861:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04419.x
787:International Astronomical Union
139:that orbit each other, bound by
109:
93:
63:
2388:"Sequential Designation Method"
2319:United States Naval Observatory
266:Most multiple star systems are
3337:Naming New Extrasolar Planets
2436:A. Tokovinin (17 April 2000).
2409:A. Tokovinin (18 April 2000).
775:Washington Double Star Catalog
475:) or, in rare cases, a purely
439:triple star system, each star
290:if they contain 4 stars;
282:if they contain 3 stars;
1:
4988:Timeline of stellar astronomy
3452:List of largest star clusters
2937:"Multiple Star Catalog (MSC)"
2858:American Astronomical Society
2613:, Jeremy Hien, Jon Shewarts,
1538:The Formation of Binary Stars
662:Designations and nomenclature
463:stars. Triple stars that are
408:
355:
3243:Astronomy & Astrophysics
3130:Astronomy & Astrophysics
2885:Astronomy & Astrophysics
2653:Robert Grant Aitken (2019).
1972:10.1016/0083-6656(87)90021-3
1352:Understanding Variable Stars
847:, which is similar to Sirius
765:Dewey Decimal Classification
744:for visual binary stars and
658:some two million years ago.
199:of the system indefinitely.
4648:Hertzsprung–Russell diagram
3459:Hypercompact stellar system
3427:Hypercompact stellar system
3273:10.1051/0004-6361/202142108
3160:10.1051/0004-6361/202243723
2915:10.1051/0004-6361/201525973
2835:10.1051/0004-6361/201016396
2590:10.1051/0004-6361/201629930
1485:"Binary and multiple stars"
1456:"Double and multiple stars"
1098:(discovered in 2012 by the
921:. The moderately eccentric
593:; because Gliese 644B is a
587:Gliese 644A and Gliese 644B
5200:
4562:Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
2994:10.1051/0004-6361:20030286
2964:Astronomy and Astrophysics
2805:Astronomy and Astrophysics
2560:Astronomy and Astrophysics
2057:Rev. Mex. Astron. AstrofĂs
1424:"online version at VizieR"
1211:is considered part of the
1176:1SWASP J093010.78+533859.5
1068:Giovanni Battista Riccioli
746:variable star designations
695:. The sequence of letters
667:Multiple star designations
29:
5071:
3825:
3612:
3554:
1707:19 September 2006 at the
1324:A.S. Bhatia, ed. (2005).
4941:With multiple exoplanets
3329:15 December 2008 at the
3218:10.3847/1538-4365/ac23cb
2680:Vol. 1, part 1, p. 422,
2523:The Astronomical Journal
1387:Tokovinin, A.A. (1997).
235:consists of two or more
141:gravitational attraction
45:Not to be confused with
33:Star system (filmmaking)
3727:Asymptotic giant branch
3324:The Double Star Library
3265:2022A&A...666A..23M
3152:2022A&A...664A..96Z
2986:2003A&A...402..719S
2907:2015A&A...578A.103L
2827:2011A&A...533A..54S
2620:, No. 6 (November 2011)
2582:2017A&A...598L...7K
1779:10.1093/mnras/267.1.161
1613:"Smoke ring for a halo"
1438:"Multiple star catalog"
1405:1997A&AS..124...75T
742:discoverer designations
415:of the large number of
120:, a triple star system.
72:Algol three-star system
5063:Tidal disruption event
4552:Circumstellar envelope
3786:Luminous blue variable
2688:10 August 2011 at the
2274:Heintz, W. D. (1978).
2149:Heintz, W. D. (1978).
2085:Heintz, W. D. (1978).
1884:Heintz, W. D. (1978).
1793:Heintz, W. D. (1978).
1721:Heintz, W. D. (1978).
1667:Heintz, W. D. (1978).
1349:John R. Percy (2007).
1094:system has the planet
1036:
939:Hubble Space Telescope
823:
820:Hubble Space Telescope
728:
521:
505:simplex, binary system
386:
4588:Effective temperature
3564:Category:Star systems
3437:Dark globular cluster
3116:Multiple Star Catalog
3110:10 April 2020 at the
3093:Multiple Star Catalog
3087:10 April 2020 at the
2641:Multiple Star Catalog
2313:12 April 2008 at the
2223:Astrophysical Journal
2186:Astrophysical Journal
1464:European Space Agency
1433: and at
1102:group, a part of the
1047:orbited by a pair of
1027:
817:
726:
494:
487:Higher multiplicities
479:triple star (such as
380:
261:multiple star systems
227:Multiple star systems
135:is a small number of
5058:Planet-hosting stars
4936:With resolved images
4907:Historical brightest
4837:Photometric-standard
4763:Solar radio emission
4557:Eddington luminosity
4337:Triple-alpha process
4275:Thorne–Żytkow object
3650:Young stellar object
3343:Individual specimens
3317:3 April 2019 at the
2707:7 March 2008 at the
2635:15 June 2011 at the
2444:on 22 September 2007
2417:on 22 September 2007
1917:Astronomical Journal
980:; and HD 188753C, a
862:, a Cepheid variable
622:in the heart of the
595:spectroscopic binary
579:spectroscopic binary
431:Triple star systems
373:Hierarchical systems
233:multiple star system
80:CHARA interferometer
18:Multiple star system
4882:Highest temperature
4653:Color–color diagram
4518:Protoplanetary disk
4322:Proton–proton chain
4000:Chemically peculiar
3495:Stellar association
3209:2021ApJS..257...69H
3029:1998AstL...24..795T
2870:2013AAS...22114212G
2790:2013CEAB...37..207N
2702:A New View of Mizar
2535:2001AJ....122.3466M
2504:2004Obs...124...94A
2245:2000ApJ...544L.133H
2198:1954ApJ...119..625B
2133:2006RMxAC..25...13A
2069:1977RMxAA...3..209H
2026:2004ARep...48...45R
1999:2006POBeo..80..155Z
1964:1987VA.....30...69F
1952:Vistas in Astronomy
1929:1970AJ.....75.1140H
1852:2001MNRAS.325..343M
1770:1994MNRAS.267..161K
1654:1968QJRAS...9..388E
1577:2004RMxAC..21....7T
1550:2001IAUS..200...84T
1414:10.1051/aas:1997181
1131:main-sequence stars
905:), and an outlying
616:high-velocity stars
471:companion (such as
391:hierarchical system
314:with 7 stars;
306:with 6 stars;
298:with 5 stars;
4887:Lowest temperature
4638:Photometric system
4608:Absolute magnitude
4542:Circumstellar dust
4155:Stellar black hole
3791:Stellar population
3677:Herbig–Haro object
3510:Hypervelocity star
2756:nexsci.caltech.edu
1436:A. Tokovin (ed.).
1072:Benedetto Castelli
1037:
838:type A star and a
824:
729:
522:
387:
381:Star system named
324:open star clusters
183:. If there are no
174:binary star system
5101:
5100:
5004:Substellar object
4983:Planetary nebulae
4402:Luminous red nova
4312:Deuterium burning
4298:
4297:
3781:Instability strip
3761:Wolf-Rayet nebula
3715:Horizontal branch
3660:Pre-main-sequence
3572:
3571:
3017:Astronomy Letters
2728:. 15 October 2012
2666:978-0-530-46473-2
2615:Astronomical News
2034:10.1134/1.1641122
2014:Astronomy Reports
1512:Galactic Dynamics
1430:on 11 March 2007.
1362:978-1-139-46328-7
1248:Gamma Cassiopeiae
976:; HD 188753B, an
752:can be another's
652:Trapezium cluster
620:Trapezium Cluster
328:selection effects
239:that appear from
157:planetary systems
16:(Redirected from
5191:
5166:
5165:
5154:
5153:
5152:
5142:
5141:
5140:
5130:
5129:
5128:
5118:
5117:
5116:
5109:
5093:Stars portal
5091:
5090:
5079:
5078:
4735:Planetary system
4658:Strömgren sphere
4530:Asteroseismology
4251:Black hole star
3823:
3749:Planetary nebula
3710:Red-giant branch
3599:
3592:
3585:
3576:
3562:
3561:
3474:Planetary system
3432:Globular cluster
3388:
3381:
3374:
3365:
3285:
3284:
3258:
3237:
3231:
3230:
3220:
3202:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3145:
3125:
3119:
3102:
3096:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3066:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3012:
3006:
3005:
2979:
2977:astro-ph/0302570
2959:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2939:. Archived from
2933:
2927:
2926:
2900:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2820:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2753:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2718:
2712:
2699:
2693:
2682:Almagestum Novum
2677:
2671:
2670:
2656:The Binary Stars
2650:
2644:
2627:
2621:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2575:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2440:. Archived from
2433:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2413:. Archived from
2406:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2335:
2322:
2305:
2296:
2295:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2238:
2236:astro-ph/0007436
2218:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2146:
2137:
2136:
2113:
2107:
2106:
2082:
2073:
2072:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2009:
2003:
2002:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1881:
1875:
1873:
1863:
1845:
1843:astro-ph/0102451
1821:
1815:
1814:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1718:
1712:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1637:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1609:
1603:
1601:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1489:messier.seds.org
1481:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1431:
1426:. Archived from
1418:
1416:
1384:
1367:
1366:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1321:
1305:
1297:optical multiple
1293:
1133:, along with an
995:Piscis Austrinus
911:Proxima Centauri
834:consisting of a
715:, and so forth.
400:two-body problem
344:Two-body problem
203:Two-body problem
193:elliptical orbit
189:transfer of mass
113:
97:
67:
54:
51:Planetary system
43:
36:
21:
5199:
5198:
5194:
5193:
5192:
5190:
5189:
5188:
5174:
5173:
5172:
5160:
5150:
5148:
5138:
5136:
5126:
5124:
5114:
5112:
5104:
5102:
5097:
5085:
5067:
4992:
4961:Milky Way novae
4897:Smallest volume
4841:
4822:Radial velocity
4745:
4739:
4691:Common envelope
4667:
4566:
4535:Helioseismology
4506:Bipolar outflow
4447:Microturbulence
4442:Convection zone
4423:
4317:Lithium burning
4304:Nucleosynthesis
4294:
4176:
4085:
3812:
3691:
3640:Molecular cloud
3621:
3608:
3603:
3573:
3568:
3550:
3519:Visual grouping
3514:
3478:
3400:
3392:
3345:
3331:Wayback Machine
3319:Wayback Machine
3293:
3288:
3239:
3238:
3234:
3180:
3179:
3175:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3114:, entry in the
3112:Wayback Machine
3103:
3099:
3091:, entry in the
3089:Wayback Machine
3080:
3076:
3059:
3052:
3050:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3014:
3013:
3009:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2946:
2944:
2943:on 3 March 2016
2935:
2934:
2930:
2882:
2881:
2877:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2760:
2758:
2751:
2747:Ciardi, David.
2746:
2745:
2741:
2731:
2729:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2709:Wayback Machine
2700:
2696:
2690:Wayback Machine
2678:
2674:
2667:
2652:
2651:
2647:
2639:, entry in the
2637:Wayback Machine
2628:
2624:
2609:
2605:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2492:The Observatory
2489:
2488:
2484:
2474:
2472:
2471:on 21 July 2009
2462:
2461:
2457:
2447:
2445:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2420:
2418:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2393:
2391:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2371:
2369:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2349:
2347:
2337:
2336:
2325:
2315:Wayback Machine
2306:
2299:
2292:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2167:
2148:
2147:
2140:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2103:
2084:
2083:
2076:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2011:
2010:
2006:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1902:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1811:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1739:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1709:Wayback Machine
1700:
1696:
1689:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1639:
1638:
1627:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1600:on 9 July 2012.
1589:
1588:
1584:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1523:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1493:
1491:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1468:
1466:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1386:
1385:
1370:
1363:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1336:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1308:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1268:
1256:
1244:
1222:
1184:
1152:
1141:are in a close
1022:
899:Rigil Kentaurus
883:
868:, an eclipsing
812:
807:
792:right ascension
738:
721:
669:
664:
611:
530:Mobile diagrams
526:mobile diagrams
520:
496:Mobile diagrams
489:
481:Gamma Serpentis
433:
375:
245:gravitationally
229:
125:
124:
123:
122:
121:
114:
106:
105:
98:
89:
88:
87:
68:
55:
47:Exosolar system
44:
37:
30:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5197:
5195:
5187:
5186:
5176:
5175:
5171:
5170:
5158:
5146:
5134:
5122:
5099:
5098:
5096:
5095:
5083:
5072:
5069:
5068:
5066:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5029:
5028:
5023:
5022:
5021:
5016:
5000:
4998:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4979:
4978:
4973:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4932:
4931:
4926:
4925:
4924:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4892:Largest volume
4889:
4884:
4879:
4869:
4868:
4867:
4862:
4851:
4849:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4818:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4776:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4749:
4747:
4741:
4740:
4738:
4737:
4732:
4731:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4710:
4705:
4704:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4677:
4675:
4669:
4668:
4666:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4603:Magnetic field
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4574:
4572:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4538:
4537:
4527:
4526:
4525:
4520:
4513:Accretion disk
4510:
4509:
4508:
4503:
4493:
4492:
4491:
4489:Alfvén surface
4486:
4484:Stellar corona
4481:
4476:
4471:
4461:
4459:Radiation zone
4456:
4455:
4454:
4449:
4439:
4433:
4431:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4421:
4416:
4415:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4308:
4306:
4300:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4293:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4266:
4265:
4260:
4257:
4249:
4248:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4197:
4192:
4186:
4184:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4174:
4169:
4168:
4167:
4157:
4152:
4151:
4150:
4145:
4144:
4143:
4138:
4128:
4118:
4117:
4116:
4106:
4101:
4095:
4093:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4083:
4081:Blue straggler
4078:
4077:
4076:
4066:
4061:
4060:
4059:
4049:
4048:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
3997:
3992:
3991:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3970:
3969:
3968:
3958:
3957:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3936:
3931:
3930:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3887:
3877:
3876:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3839:Main sequence
3837:
3832:
3826:
3820:
3818:Classification
3814:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3803:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3757:
3756:
3754:Protoplanetary
3746:
3741:
3740:
3739:
3734:
3724:
3723:
3722:
3712:
3707:
3701:
3699:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3631:
3629:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3594:
3587:
3579:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3522:
3520:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3490:Stellar stream
3486:
3484:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3419:
3414:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3401:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3383:
3376:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3339:
3334:
3321:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3292:
3291:External links
3289:
3287:
3286:
3232:
3173:
3120:
3105:AR Cassiopeiae
3097:
3074:
3034:
3007:
2970:(2): 719–728.
2954:
2928:
2875:
2848:
2795:
2784:(1): 207–216.
2768:
2739:
2726:Planet Hunters
2713:
2694:
2672:
2665:
2645:
2622:
2603:
2550:
2544:10.1086/323920
2509:
2482:
2455:
2428:
2401:
2379:
2357:
2346:on 17 May 2011
2323:
2297:
2290:
2266:
2253:10.1086/317315
2229:(2): 133–136.
2213:
2207:10.1086/145866
2172:
2165:
2138:
2108:
2101:
2074:
2047:
2020:(1): 155–160.
2004:
1977:
1942:
1937:10.1086/111067
1907:
1900:
1876:
1836:(1): 343–357.
1816:
1809:
1785:
1744:
1737:
1713:
1694:
1687:
1659:
1625:
1604:
1582:
1555:
1528:
1521:
1501:
1476:
1447:
1368:
1361:
1341:
1334:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1274:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1231:AR Cassiopeiae
1228:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1113:
1107:
1100:Planet Hunters
1088:
1083:
1057:
1052:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1006:
985:
952:
942:
931:
887:Alpha Centauri
882:
879:
878:
877:
872:
863:
857:
848:
842:
811:
808:
806:
803:
779:
778:
771:
768:
761:
737:
734:
720:
717:
668:
665:
663:
660:
610:
607:
599:
598:
583:
564:
560:
557:
519:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
499:
488:
485:
445:center of mass
432:
429:
395:center of mass
374:
371:
370:
369:
361:n-body problem
348:
347:
257:multiple stars
228:
225:
133:stellar system
115:
108:
107:
99:
92:
91:
90:
74:imaged in the
69:
62:
61:
60:
59:
58:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5196:
5185:
5182:
5181:
5179:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5157:
5147:
5145:
5135:
5133:
5123:
5121:
5111:
5107:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5082:
5074:
5073:
5070:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5053:Intergalactic
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5033:Galactic year
5031:
5027:
5024:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5011:
5010:
5007:
5006:
5005:
5002:
5001:
4999:
4995:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4968:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4930:
4927:
4923:
4920:
4919:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4912:Most luminous
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4874:
4873:
4870:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4857:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4848:
4844:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4827:Proper motion
4825:
4823:
4820:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4802:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4790:Constellation
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4758:Solar eclipse
4756:
4755:
4754:
4751:
4750:
4748:
4744:Earth-centric
4742:
4736:
4733:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4715:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4683:
4682:
4679:
4678:
4676:
4674:
4670:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4569:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4531:
4528:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4515:
4514:
4511:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4498:
4497:
4494:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4466:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4430:
4426:
4420:
4417:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4389:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4342:Alpha process
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4305:
4301:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4264:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4183:
4179:
4173:
4170:
4166:
4163:
4162:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4149:
4146:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4133:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4122:
4119:
4115:
4114:Helium planet
4112:
4111:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4104:Parker's star
4102:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4092:
4088:
4082:
4079:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4058:
4055:
4054:
4053:
4050:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4035:Lambda Boötis
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3971:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3962:
3959:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3914:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3882:
3881:
3878:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3827:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3815:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3801:Superluminous
3799:
3798:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3728:
3725:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3705:Main sequence
3703:
3702:
3700:
3698:
3694:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3682:Hayashi track
3680:
3678:
3675:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3611:
3607:
3600:
3595:
3593:
3588:
3586:
3581:
3580:
3577:
3565:
3557:
3556:
3553:
3547:
3546:Constellation
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3531:Multiple star
3529:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3517:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3481:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3396:
3389:
3384:
3382:
3377:
3375:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3335:
3332:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3236:
3233:
3228:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3177:
3174:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3124:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3106:
3101:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3083:
3078:
3075:
3070:
3064:
3049:
3045:
3038:
3035:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3011:
3008:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2958:
2955:
2942:
2938:
2932:
2929:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2879:
2876:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2852:
2849:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2799:
2796:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2772:
2769:
2757:
2750:
2743:
2740:
2727:
2723:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2703:
2698:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2676:
2673:
2668:
2662:
2658:
2657:
2649:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2631:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2616:
2612:
2607:
2604:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2554:
2551:
2545:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2513:
2510:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2486:
2483:
2470:
2466:
2459:
2456:
2443:
2439:
2432:
2429:
2416:
2412:
2405:
2402:
2389:
2383:
2380:
2367:
2361:
2358:
2345:
2341:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2309:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2293:
2291:90-277-0885-1
2287:
2283:
2279:
2278:
2270:
2267:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2217:
2214:
2208:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2176:
2173:
2168:
2166:90-277-0885-1
2162:
2158:
2154:
2153:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2112:
2109:
2104:
2102:90-277-0885-1
2098:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2051:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2008:
2005:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1981:
1978:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1946:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1911:
1908:
1903:
1901:90-277-0885-1
1897:
1893:
1889:
1888:
1880:
1877:
1871:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1820:
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1236:V871 Centauri
1234:
1232:
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1223:
1219:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1204:
1203:TYC 7037-89-1
1201:
1199:
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1189:
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1149:
1144:
1140:
1137:. Two of the
1136:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1124:spectroscopic
1121:
1117:
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1108:
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992:constellation
989:
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967:constellation
964:
960:
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950:
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920:
919:binary system
916:
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904:
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867:
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849:
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837:
836:main-sequence
833:
829:
826:
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649:
645:
641:
637:
636:runaway stars
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
608:
606:
604:
603:perturbations
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
573:
572:visual binary
569:
565:
561:
558:
555:
554:
553:
551:
547:
543:
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535:
531:
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516:
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470:
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458:
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450:
449:binary system
446:
442:
438:
430:
428:
426:
422:
421:star clusters
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
401:
396:
392:
384:
379:
372:
367:
364:, exhibiting
363:
362:
357:
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148:
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119:
112:
103:
96:
85:
81:
77:
76:near-infrared
73:
66:
57:
52:
48:
41:
34:
19:
5184:Star systems
5156:Solar System
4956:White dwarfs
4946:Brown dwarfs
4929:Most distant
4877:Most massive
4855:Proper names
4815:Photographic
4768:Solar System
4746:observations
4673:Star systems
4672:
4496:Stellar wind
4479:Chromosphere
4452:Oscillations
4332:Helium flash
4182:Hypothetical
4160:X-ray binary
4099:Compact star
3934:Bright giant
3687:Henyey track
3665:Herbig Ae/Be
3505:Runaway star
3500:Moving group
3463:
3442:Open cluster
3422:Star cluster
3417:Dwarf galaxy
3397:
3246:
3242:
3235:
3190:
3186:
3176:
3133:
3129:
3123:
3100:
3077:
3051:. Retrieved
3047:
3037:
3020:
3016:
3010:
2967:
2963:
2957:
2945:. Retrieved
2941:the original
2931:
2888:
2884:
2878:
2861:
2857:
2851:
2808:
2804:
2798:
2781:
2777:
2771:
2759:. Retrieved
2755:
2742:
2730:. Retrieved
2725:
2716:
2697:
2681:
2675:
2655:
2648:
2625:
2617:
2614:
2606:
2563:
2559:
2553:
2526:
2522:
2512:
2495:
2491:
2485:
2475:12 September
2473:. Retrieved
2469:the original
2458:
2448:12 September
2446:. Retrieved
2442:the original
2431:
2421:12 September
2419:. Retrieved
2415:the original
2404:
2394:12 September
2392:. Retrieved
2382:
2372:12 September
2370:. Retrieved
2360:
2350:12 September
2348:. Retrieved
2344:the original
2277:Double Stars
2276:
2269:
2226:
2222:
2216:
2189:
2185:
2175:
2152:Double Stars
2151:
2124:
2120:
2111:
2088:Double Stars
2087:
2060:
2056:
2050:
2017:
2013:
2007:
1990:
1986:
1980:
1958:(1): 69–76.
1955:
1951:
1945:
1920:
1916:
1910:
1887:Double Stars
1886:
1879:
1833:
1829:
1819:
1796:Double Stars
1795:
1788:
1761:
1757:
1747:
1724:Double Stars
1723:
1716:
1697:
1670:Double Stars
1669:
1662:
1645:
1641:
1616:. Retrieved
1607:
1598:the original
1592:
1585:
1568:
1564:
1558:
1541:
1537:
1531:
1511:
1504:
1492:. Retrieved
1488:
1479:
1467:. Retrieved
1459:
1450:
1441:
1428:the original
1396:
1392:
1351:
1344:
1325:
1319:
1296:
1291:
1277:Solar System
1188:Beta Tucanae
1080:spectroscopy
1043:, a pair of
1035:association.
999:Solar System
978:orange dwarf
974:yellow dwarf
895:Orange dwarf
891:Yellow dwarf
860:Delta Cephei
799:double stars
796:
784:
780:
753:
749:
739:
730:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
670:
656:Orion Nebula
631:
624:Orion Nebula
612:
600:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
523:
495:
476:
468:
464:
453:hierarchical
452:
436:
434:
398:
390:
388:
359:
349:
342:
339:hierarchical
332:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
268:triple stars
267:
265:
260:
256:
252:
248:
232:
230:
200:
177:
173:
167:
165:
150:
146:star cluster
144:
132:
128:
126:
56:
5144:Outer space
5132:Spaceflight
5009:Brown dwarf
4785:Circumpolar
4663:Kraft break
4643:Color index
4618:Metallicity
4578:Designation
4547:Cosmic dust
4469:Photosphere
4235:Dark-energy
4210:Electroweak
4195:Black dwarf
4126:Radio-quiet
4109:White dwarf
3995:White dwarf
3645:Bok globule
3526:Double star
3469:Binary star
3464:Star system
2947:23 December
1993:: 155–160.
1923:: 114–118.
1648:: 388–400.
1171:KIC 4150611
1135:F-type star
1122:away, is a
1120:light years
1064:binary star
1045:giant stars
1003:Fomalhaut b
959:light-years
915:binary star
855:white dwarf
840:white dwarf
644:Mu Columbae
591:binary star
473:Beta Cephei
195:around the
180:double star
169:binary star
129:star system
40:double star
4971:Candidates
4966:Supernovae
4951:Red dwarfs
4810:Extinction
4598:Kinematics
4593:Luminosity
4571:Properties
4464:Atmosphere
4362:Si burning
4352:Ne burning
4290:White hole
4263:Quasi-star
4190:Blue dwarf
4045:Technetium
3961:Hypergiant
3939:Supergiant
3536:Star cloud
3256:2204.07045
3200:2109.06839
3143:2205.03934
3082:Nu Scorpii
3023:(6): 795.
2898:1504.07065
2864:: 142.12.
2761:13 January
2732:13 January
2630:4 Centauri
2573:1611.03495
1618:26 October
1469:31 October
1312:References
1302:parallaxes
1260:QZ Carinae
1104:Zooniverse
1055:4 Centauri
1049:red dwarfs
961:away from
945:Gliese 667
648:53 Arietis
640:AE Aurigae
457:EZ Aquarii
296:quintenary
288:quaternary
221:black hole
217:Cygnus X-1
197:barycenter
5120:Astronomy
4902:Brightest
4800:Magnitude
4780:Pole star
4701:Symbiotic
4696:Eclipsing
4628:Starlight
4429:Structure
4419:Supernova
4412:Micronova
4407:Recurrent
4392:Symbiotic
4377:p-process
4372:r-process
4367:s-process
4357:O burning
4347:C burning
4327:CNO cycle
4270:Gravastar
3806:Hypernova
3796:Supernova
3771:Dredge-up
3744:Blue loop
3737:super-AGB
3720:Red clump
3697:Evolution
3655:Protostar
3635:Accretion
3627:Formation
3281:248177961
3227:237503492
3193:(2): 69.
3168:248571745
2818:1108.1557
2117:Allen, C.
2042:119705425
1675:D. Reidel
1460:Hipparcos
1295:The term
1283:Footnotes
1272:Exoplanet
1198:HD 139691
1166:HD 155448
1150:Quintuple
1078:. Later,
1033:TW Hydrae
1020:Quadruple
1013:red giant
1009:HD 181068
988:Fomalhaut
982:red dwarf
955:HD 188753
949:red dwarf
907:red dwarf
632:interplay
550:hierarchy
534:multiplex
502:multiplex
461:red dwarf
405:Keplerian
312:septenary
304:sextenary
292:quintuple
284:quadruple
178:physical
118:HD 188753
82:with 0.5
5178:Category
5081:Category
4976:Remnants
4872:Extremes
4832:Parallax
4805:Apparent
4795:Asterism
4773:Sunlight
4723:Globular
4708:Multiple
4633:Variable
4623:Rotation
4583:Dynamics
4474:Starspot
4148:Magnetar
4091:Remnants
3907:Subgiant
3880:Subdwarf
3732:post-AGB
3541:Asterism
3327:Archived
3315:Archived
3108:Archived
3085:Archived
3063:cite web
3002:15268418
2923:44548756
2891:: A103.
2843:56143776
2705:Archived
2686:Archived
2633:Archived
2598:50867264
2311:Archived
1870:16472347
1705:Archived
1266:See also
1220:Septuple
1182:Sextuple
1116:Xi Tauri
1110:KOI-2626
1086:HD 98800
1029:HD 98800
941:in 2006.
805:Examples
609:Trapezia
546:children
538:children
437:physical
425:galaxies
413:dynamics
409:trapezia
356:trapezia
354:(2) the
320:octenary
308:septuple
300:sextuple
249:physical
5168:Science
5106:Portals
5048:Gravity
4997:Related
4917:Nearest
4865:Chinese
4713:Cluster
4686:Contact
4523:Proplyd
4397:Remnant
4285:Blitzar
4259:Hawking
4215:Strange
4165:Burster
4121:Neutron
4074:Extreme
4025:He-weak
3670:T Tauri
3483:Unbound
3398:systems
3395:Stellar
3261:Bibcode
3249:: A23.
3205:Bibcode
3148:Bibcode
3136:: A96.
3053:29 June
3025:Bibcode
2982:Bibcode
2903:Bibcode
2866:Bibcode
2823:Bibcode
2811:: A54.
2786:Bibcode
2578:Bibcode
2531:Bibcode
2500:Bibcode
2261:6725343
2241:Bibcode
2194:Bibcode
2192:: 625.
2129:Bibcode
2065:Bibcode
2063:: 209.
2022:Bibcode
1995:Bibcode
1960:Bibcode
1925:Bibcode
1848:Bibcode
1766:Bibcode
1764:: 161.
1650:Bibcode
1573:Bibcode
1546:Bibcode
1401:Bibcode
1254:Nonuple
1242:Octuple
1161:Mintaka
1076:Galileo
1041:Capella
965:in the
934:Polaris
903:Toliman
845:Procyon
767:system;
654:in the
628:nebulae
542:simplex
477:optical
469:optical
366:chaotic
316:octuple
280:trinary
276:ternary
253:optical
213:Procyon
78:by the
5038:Galaxy
5026:Planet
5014:Desert
4922:bright
4860:Arabic
4681:Binary
4501:Bubble
4225:Planck
4200:Exotic
4136:Binary
4131:Pulsar
4069:Helium
4030:Barium
3973:Carbon
3966:Yellow
3954:Yellow
3927:Yellow
3766:PG1159
3412:Galaxy
3279:
3225:
3166:
3000:
2921:
2841:
2663:
2596:
2566:: L7.
2498:: 94.
2288:
2259:
2163:
2127:: 13.
2099:
2040:
1898:
1868:
1807:
1735:
1685:
1544:: 84.
1519:
1494:26 May
1399:: 75.
1359:
1332:
1226:Jabbah
1193:Castor
970:Cygnus
930:years.
897:pair (
893:and a
881:Triple
870:binary
866:Almaaz
832:binary
828:Sirius
810:Binary
568:Castor
441:orbits
383:DI Cha
272:triple
209:Sirius
161:comets
152:galaxy
102:H-band
5043:Guest
4847:Lists
4728:Super
4382:Fusor
4255:Black
4240:Quark
4220:Preon
4205:Boson
4141:X-ray
4057:Shell
4010:Ap/Bp
3912:Giant
3830:Early
3776:OH/IR
3606:Stars
3405:Bound
3277:S2CID
3251:arXiv
3223:S2CID
3195:arXiv
3164:S2CID
3138:arXiv
2998:S2CID
2972:arXiv
2919:S2CID
2893:arXiv
2839:S2CID
2813:arXiv
2752:(PDF)
2594:S2CID
2568:arXiv
2257:S2CID
2231:arXiv
2093:67–68
2038:S2CID
1892:65–66
1866:S2CID
1838:arXiv
1729:66–67
1571:: 7.
1213:Mizar
1209:Alcor
1156:Dabih
1143:orbit
1139:stars
1096:PH1 b
1060:Mizar
963:Earth
923:orbit
875:Spica
435:In a
417:stars
278:, or
241:Earth
237:stars
201:(See
185:tidal
137:stars
4718:Open
4613:Mass
4437:Core
4387:Nova
4280:Iron
4230:Dark
4040:Lead
4020:HgMn
4015:CEMP
3944:Blue
3917:Blue
3835:Late
3617:List
3069:link
3055:2022
2949:2012
2763:2024
2734:2024
2661:ISBN
2477:2008
2450:2008
2423:2008
2396:2008
2374:2008
2352:2008
2286:ISBN
2161:ISBN
2097:ISBN
1896:ISBN
1805:ISBN
1733:ISBN
1683:ISBN
1620:2015
1517:ISBN
1496:2007
1471:2007
1357:ISBN
1330:ISBN
1128:type
1090:The
1074:and
901:and
851:Mira
830:, a
691:and
646:and
575:star
443:the
423:and
337:(1)
215:and
70:The
5019:Sub
4753:Sun
4172:SGR
3949:Red
3922:Red
3269:doi
3247:666
3213:doi
3191:257
3156:doi
3134:664
2990:doi
2968:402
2911:doi
2889:578
2862:221
2831:doi
2809:533
2618:132
2586:doi
2564:598
2539:doi
2527:122
2496:124
2249:doi
2227:544
2202:doi
2190:119
2030:doi
1968:doi
1933:doi
1856:doi
1834:325
1774:doi
1762:267
1542:200
1409:doi
1397:124
1207:If
1092:PH1
483:).
465:not
419:in
350:or
318:or
310:or
302:or
294:or
286:or
259:or
176:or
163:).
149:or
131:or
84:mas
49:or
5180::
4052:Be
4005:Am
3988:CH
3983:CN
3902:OB
3897:WR
3275:.
3267:.
3259:.
3245:.
3221:.
3211:.
3203:.
3189:.
3185:.
3162:.
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3132:.
3065:}}
3061:{{
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3021:24
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2966:.
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2829:.
2821:.
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2782:37
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2754:.
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2576:.
2562:.
2537:.
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2521:.
2494:.
2326:^
2300:^
2284:.
2282:19
2255:.
2247:.
2239:.
2225:.
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2188:.
2184:.
2159:.
2157:68
2141:^
2125:25
2123:.
2095:.
2077:^
2059:.
2036:.
2028:.
2018:48
2016:.
1991:80
1989:.
1966:.
1956:30
1954:.
1931:.
1921:75
1919:.
1894:.
1864:.
1854:.
1846:.
1832:.
1828:.
1803:.
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1760:.
1756:.
1731:.
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1628:^
1569:21
1567:.
1540:.
1487:.
1462:.
1458:.
1440:.
1407:.
1395:.
1391:.
1371:^
927:AU
909:,
713:Ba
711:,
709:Aa
699:,
685:AB
679:,
675:,
642:,
582:3.
552:.
498::
427:.
274:,
263:.
231:A
223:.
211:,
172:,
127:A
5108::
4245:Q
4064:B
3978:S
3890:B
3885:O
3873:M
3868:K
3863:G
3858:F
3853:A
3848:B
3843:O
3598:e
3591:t
3584:v
3387:e
3380:t
3373:v
3283:.
3271::
3263::
3253::
3229:.
3215::
3207::
3197::
3170:.
3158::
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