566:
development of Kituba back to the 1800's or earlier, necessitated by the inter-tribal needs of the
Congolese themselves, and later, their relationship with slave traders. Then in the early 1900's, the Belgian and French colonization of the area brought further need for a convenient language of communication with the Congolese. He admits that we do not have a very complete picture of the development of Kituba before the 1930's, when it came into wide use by Christian missionaries. He notes that many today have grown up knowing Kituba as their mother tongue, and at the same time, it has reached some complexity of grammar unusual to pidgin languages. He notes that there is an increasing tendency, particularly in the western Kituba-speaking region, to borrow words from French, adding Kituba prefixes and suffixes for everyday usage.
190:
43:
202:
2571:
2553:
2512:(Songs of Fellowship) was published in 1988 by the Mennonite Brethren Mission. It is widely used by numerous Protestant denominations. Almost a hundred Kituba-language books and articles have been published by Every Child Ministries' Mwinda Project. These include articles on Christian education, Bible lessons for children and youth, teacher training, health, and a variety of other topics. These are available on-line and at bookstores and libraries within the Democratic Republic of Congo.
447:
2470:
545:
as a simplified interdialectal trade language, which the
European colonists subsequently took into use for regional administration. Another theory claims that a simplified trade language called Kifyoti was developed at the Portuguese coastal trading 18 post and it was later spread upstream by the
565:
Harold W. Fehdereau, a linguist and missionary, carried out a major linguistic survey of Kituba-speaking areas under the joint auspices of the
American Bible Society and the American Mennonite Brethren Mission. He published his work in a Kituba-French-English dictionary in 1969. He traced the
512:
Kituba is also spoken in the northern part of Angola, since modern nations cut across the lines of tribal areas and ancient kingdoms, and northern Angola borders the Kwango
Province of the Democratic Republic of Congo which is a strong Kituba-speaking area.
516:
Although mutually intelligible, there are differences, mainly in vocabulary, between the eastern and western areas of The
Democratic Republic of Congo, and still more between the Kituba spoken there and that spoken in Congo-Brazzaville (Republic of Congo).
532:
A national language is also one that is used for public and mass communication. National public radios and televisions in the
Democratic Republic of Congo and in the Republic of Congo use Kituba as one of their main languages for evening news.
1564:
Kituba has kept by and large the noun classes of ethnic
Kikongo with some modifications. The classes 9 and 11 have in effect merged with the singular class with zero prefix, and their plural is formed with generic plural class prefix
3459:
569:
Regardless of the genesis, Kituba established itself in the large towns that were found during the colonial period between 1885 and 1960. Kituba is spoken as the primary language in the large
Bakongo cities of
613:
The first portions of the Bible were published in 1934, followed by the New
Testament in 1950. A revision was published in 1957. The complete Bible was published in 1982, all by the Bible Society of Congo.
4398:
3452:
618:
450:
Dialect map of
Kikongo and Kituba. NB: Kisikongo (also called Kisansala by some authors) is the Kikongo spoken in Mbanza Kongo. Kisikongo is not the protolanguage of the Kongo language cluster.
4645:
3445:
2699:
Le nom des langues III: Le nom des langues en Afrique sub-saharienne: pratiques, dénominations, catégorisations. Naming Languages in Sub-Saharan Africa: Practices, Names, Categorisations
546:
Christian missionaries to the region between the Kwango and the Kasai rivers where it evolved further (hence the name Kikwango). Yet another theory emphasizes the construction of the
648:(Kisikongo, Kizombo, Kisolongo, Iwoyo, Kiyombe, Kisingombe, Kintandu, Kimanianga, Kindibu, Civili, Tsiladi (Lari), etc.) and Kituba (or Kikongo ya leta, Munukutuba, Monokutuba):
4391:
2702:
2456:"All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood."
2452:
Bantu nyonso, na mbutukulu kevwandaka na kimpwanza ya bawu, ngenda mpe baluve ya mutindu mosi. Mayela na mbanzulu ke na bawu, ni yawu yina bafwana kusalasana na bumpangi.
610:. It is the main language spoken throughout the modern provinces of Kwango and Kasai. A dialect called 'Monokutuba' is spoken in Congo-Brazzaville (Republic of Congo).
3540:
3468:
1871:. Most verb forms have long and short versions. The long forms are used in formal written communication whereas the short forms have developed for spoken communication.
4640:
4384:
423:, namely the Kwango and Kwilu Provinces. The constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo lists "Kikongo" as one of the national languages, meaning Kituba.
599:
1056:
Nkumbu ame / Nkumbu ami / Nkumbu ani / Dizina diame (or zina diame) / Dizina diami (or zina diami) / Dizina diani (or zina diani) / Lizina liami, etc.
279:
3247:
Nominalisations en kìsìkongò (H16): Les substantifs predicatifs et les verbes-supports Vánga, Sála, Sá et Tá (faire), Facultat de Filosofia i Lletres
4650:
4142:
3132:
Dictionnaire Kikongo (ya Leta) Anglais-Francais, Harold W. Fehdereau, Ph.D., 1960, Editions LECO, Kinshasa, République Démocratique du Congo,p.ix
4407:
2444:
1425:
Word-initial voiceless prenasalized consonants are reduced to simple consonants in some dialects: and become and in Kituba of Pointe-Noire.
3170:
1386:
4365:
2505:
1461:
Kituba has subject and object pronouns. The object pronouns are used in place of subject pronouns when the subject is being emphasized.
1395:
454:
The majority of Kituba speakers live in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is spoken as the primary lingua franca in the provinces of
2295:
A Kituba-English-French dictionary compiled by linguist Harold W. Fehderau, Ph.D., was published in 1969. It is not widely available.
3316:
2064:
All other verbs are conjugated with the help of auxiliary verbs. The conjugation of the verb (to do) is presented in the table below.
2714:
86:
64:
3638:
2308:
4147:
2584:
1437:
400:
366:
245:
195:
3405:
Khabirov, Valeri.(1990). Monokutuba. Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary. Moscow. "Soviet Encyclopedia". P. 309-310 (In Russian)
1301:
295:
2281:
The most common forms are "ila", indicating action to or toward someone, and "ana", indicating mutual or reciprocal action:
1874:
The irregular conjugation of the verb or (to be) is presented in the table below. It is the only irregular verb in Kituba.
541:
There are several theories on how Kituba came into being. One theory claims that it had already evolved at the time of the
1443:
2706:
1315:
1308:
591:
3365:
2934:, KongoKing Research Group, Department of Languages and Cultures, Ghent University, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 2013
3220:
1334:
3280:
Harold W. Fehdereau, Ph.D., Dictionnaire Kikonga (ya Leta)-Anglais-Francais, (Kinshasa: Editions LECO, 1969) p. xxxvi
2745:
2649:
1404:
1200:
525:
Kituba is a national language in the Republic of Congo and the Democratic Republic of Congo. In practice the term
3726:
2777:
1322:
628:, to Google Translate. However, it turns out that Google has only added Kituba and is also mistakenly calling it
562:
region. The workers had diverse linguistic backgrounds which gave birth to a grammatically simplified language.
4345:
4039:
1553:
Mu (or Munu, Mono) zola nge / Munu me zola nge / Mu me zola nge / Me zola nge / Mono (or Mu, Munu) ke zola nge
1214:
305:
57:
51:
4655:
3746:
1230:
1207:
3925:
3681:
2991:
The Educational Resources Information Center(Eric), Institut de Linguistique, Universite Neuchatel, Suisse
2570:
2552:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1281:
1276:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
68:
3114:
Dictionnaire Kituba-français-anglais, Harold W. Fehdereau, Ph.D.,Editions LECO, Kinshasa,1969.pp.xxv-xxvi
2906:. Oceanic Linguistics Special Publications. Vol. 14. University of Hawai'i Press. pp. 649–653.
2683:
655:, the conjugation of a tense to different persons is done by changing verbal prefixes, unlike in Kituba:
4508:
4503:
4157:
3999:
3910:
3799:
3711:
3422:
1221:
1159:
1129:
385:
362:
234:
207:
392:, a phrase which means literally "I say", and is used in the Republic's 1992 constitution. The latter (
3195:
4498:
4232:
4049:
3761:
3653:
1237:
3437:
1085:
Kituba has five vowel phonemes: /a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, and /u/. They are very similar to the vowels of
4609:
3875:
3583:
3525:
3402:
L'Harmattan, 2009, 344 p. (ISBN 2296226736 et 9782296226739, présentation en ligne, lire en ligne).
3400:
Grammaire et lexique munukutuba : Congo-Brazzaville, République Démocratique du Congo, Angola,
3381:
Diener, Ingolf; Maillart, Diana.(1970).Petit vocabulaire Francais-Anglais-Munukutuba. Pointe-Noire.
2336:
1168:
575:
471:
2932:
Fronted-infinitive constructions in Kikongo (Bantu H16): verb focus, progressive aspect and future
1102:/o/ is pronounced like the first part of the "o" in home, or like a tenser version of "o" in "lot"
4257:
4059:
3847:
3093:
3063:
3033:
2907:
1868:
1179:
1124:
1000: tok’ luboti, si sènde vandi si kéli : Life is only made of roses, but also of thorns
4614:
4473:
4217:
4212:
3751:
3550:
2864:
2781:
2710:
1864:
1248:
1144:
1134:
559:
2771:
377:
Kituba is known by many names among its speakers. In academic circles the language is called
4619:
4604:
4584:
4574:
4553:
4442:
4325:
4315:
4262:
4247:
4202:
4092:
4082:
4077:
4034:
3968:
3867:
3832:
3789:
3776:
3766:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3701:
3691:
3613:
3573:
3515:
3510:
2868:
2828:
2799:
2340:
2328:
1119:
1086:
529:
means that it is a language of regional administration, elementary education, and business.
446:
4599:
4589:
4579:
4538:
4483:
4468:
4421:
4272:
4222:
4177:
4137:
4087:
4044:
4029:
3900:
3890:
3857:
3794:
3721:
3618:
3608:
3593:
3563:
2332:
2275:
1151:
1139:
459:
358:
350:
158:
147:
137:
4376:
1089:. Vowels are never reduced, regardless of stress. The vowels are pronounced as follows:
4594:
4543:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4488:
4478:
4292:
4287:
4252:
4242:
4237:
4197:
4182:
4162:
4122:
4117:
4097:
4024:
4009:
3981:
3976:
3958:
3930:
3920:
3915:
3905:
3895:
3885:
3880:
3852:
3842:
3827:
3819:
3809:
3804:
3784:
3756:
3706:
3696:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3643:
3633:
3623:
3603:
3598:
3588:
3578:
3498:
3482:
2316:
2304:
2287:
Sadisa "to help", Sadisana "help one another", Sadisanaka "helped one another (past)
1069:
924:
680:
670:
652:
645:
637:
629:
625:
482:
475:
463:
420:
354:
346:
155:
132:
28:
3386:
Parlons munukutuba : Congo-Brazzaville, République démocratique du Congo, Angola,
3366:"92 Free Kituba language Bible teaching resources for you | Congo Mwinda Project"
2945:
The Kongo Kingdom: The Origins, Dynamics and Cosmopolitan Culture of an African Polity
2469:
268:
261:
4634:
4558:
4548:
4493:
4463:
4320:
4310:
4282:
4277:
4192:
4172:
4167:
4152:
4132:
4127:
4107:
4102:
4072:
4067:
4004:
3940:
3935:
3837:
3716:
3686:
3661:
3628:
3568:
3558:
3519:
674:
624:
On 27 June 2024 Google announced the addition of 110 languages, including Kituba and
542:
455:
342:
3258:
Joaquim Mbachi, CAMINHOS DA GRAMÁTICA IBINDA, Cabinda (Angola), 2013 (In Portuguese)
2596:
Pidgins and Creoles: an introduction by Jacques Arends, Pieter Muysken, Norval Smith
4458:
4340:
4267:
4227:
4187:
4112:
583:
490:
486:
3330:
2983:
2615:
2595:
4330:
4207:
4014:
2521:
2347:
sandúku (Swah. sanduku) "box", the Swahili word comes from Arabic صندوق (ṣandūq)
1378:
621:
has published a translation of Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Kituba.
595:
555:
502:
498:
3151:
2887:... made into a national language by the various constitutions of the DRC.]
2860:
Bundu Dia Kongo: une résurgence des messianismes et de l'alliances des Bakongo?
430:(literally "the stone-breaker's speech"), (literally "be not", "it isn't so"),
2858:
2737:
2641:
2563:
2545:
2930:
Jasper DE KIND , Sebastian DOM, Gilles-Maurice DE SCHRYVER et Koen BOSTOEN,
2770:
Swift, Lloyd Balderston; Zola, Emile W. A. (1963). Hodge, Carleton T. (ed.).
3991:
3085:
3055:
3025:
2881:... érigé en langue nationale par les différentes constitutions de la R.D.C.
1290:
254:
220:
2972:
2022 Annual Report, Every Child Ministries' Mwinda Project, ECM, Hebron, IN
2872:
1428:
Some dialects add stop to prenasalized alveolar fricatives: and become and
119:
3015:, Mouton De Gruyter; Reprint 2017 ed. édition (1 avril 1971), p. 525.
2785:
2558:
2540:
240:
229:
17:
4302:
3950:
551:
481:
Kituba is spoken in the southern of the Republic of Congo, in regions of
467:
313:
301:
3331:"Protais Yumbi, Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela:Mbandu ya luzingu (1918–2013)"
3221:"Google ajoute 110 langues minoritaires à son traducteur dont le breton"
3171:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Kituba (i.e. Kikongo ya Leta)"
3123:
2022 Annual Report, Every Child Ministries' Mwinda Project for the Congo
2958:
L'ancien royaume du Congo et les Bakongo, séquences d'histoire populaire
2911:
4335:
4019:
2899:
2324:
2320:
2312:
1189:
1046:
587:
506:
494:
309:
2278:
is adding after the verb root and before the suffix indicating tense.
684:
659:
Example: verb "to be" conjugated in the present in Kikongo and Kituba
603:
579:
571:
547:
554:
railroad at the end of the 1800s, which involved forced labour from
438:(literally "do not know"), but they have largely fallen out of use.
2776:. Foreign Service Institute Basic Course Series. Washington, D.C.:
2504:
by Protais Yumbi) written in Kikongo ya Leta was nominated for the
3432:
607:
445:
3026:"RDC INFO DU 24/05/2012 EN KIKONGO (Correction: KIKONGO YA LETA)"
2284:
Kutanga "to read", Tangila "read to", Tangilaka "read to" (past)
3427:
396:) means "way of speaking" and is used in the 2015 constitution.
4380:
3441:
3056:"INFO EN KIKONGO (Correction: KIKONGO YA LETA) – 21 MARS 2012"
2464:
2307:. Other Bantu languages have influenced it as well, including
1059:
Zina na mono kele / Nkumbu ya mono kele / Nkumbu ya munu kele
36:
2898:
Reinecke, John E.; Tsuzaki, Stanley M.; et al. (1975).
3141:
La Bible en Kituba, 1982, 1990, La Société Biblique duCongo
1068: : noun prefixes are not completely the same (cf. the
312:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
3086:"JOURNAL EN LANGUE NATIONALE DU CONGO KITUBA 19 03 2014"
3304:
International Encyclopedia of Linguistics: 4-Volume Set
2836:
Journal Officiel de la République Démocratique du Congo
2807:
Journal Officiel de la République Démocratique du Congo
2481:
3249:, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 2015 (In French)
2829:"Constitution de la République Démocratique du Congo"
2800:"Constitution de la République Démocratique du Congo"
1863:
Kituba has a well-developed verbal system involving
407:("the state's Kikongo" or "Government Kikongo"), or
112:
4567:
4451:
4430:
4414:
4358:
4301:
4058:
3990:
3967:
3949:
3866:
3818:
3775:
3652:
3549:
3534:
3491:
3475:
2642:"République du Congo: Constitution du 15 mars 1992"
276:
252:
218:
213:
177:
172:
144:
128:
101:
3196:"110 new languages are coming to Google Translate"
2331:. In addition, many words have been borrowed from
4646:Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
3469:Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
3393:Pour une histoire du munukutuba, langue bantoue,
619:Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
3291:Dictionnaire Kikonga (ya Leta)-Anglais-Francais
426:There are also other historical names such as
4392:
3453:
3395:Paris, Editions L'Harmattan, 2019, 130 pages.
3388:Paris, Editions L'Harmattan, 2019, 426 pages.
3269:Abécédaire du kouilou zaab’ ku tub’ tchi vili
2968:
2966:
2904:A Bibliography of Pidgin and Creole Languages
2742:Digithèque matériaux juridiques et politiques
2646:Digithèque matériaux juridiques et politiques
1435:Alveolar fricatives may become postalveolar (
1099:/i/ is pronounced like the "i" in ski or ring
8:
3433:Learn Kituba (Kikongo ya leta) on ilanguages
3306:, Oxford University Press, USA, 2003, p. 351
3153:Matai 1 | NTK50 Bible | YouVersion
2838:(in French). Kinshasa. 2011-02-05. Article 1
2809:(in French). Kinshasa. 2006-02-18. Article 1
2610:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2502:Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela: Mbandu ya luzingu
2877:Mais le dont il est question ici est le ou
1035:3. The way to say "My name is" is different
4399:
4385:
4377:
3546:
3460:
3446:
3438:
3428:Learn Kituba (Kikongo ya leta) on Learn101
1542:
1051:My name is in Kituba (or Kikongo ya leta)
1039:
918:
184:National language and unofficial language:
98:
3165:
3163:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2667:
87:Learn how and when to remove this message
2956:Raphaël Batsîkama Ba Mampuya Ma Ndâwla,
2883:[But the in question here is the or
2066:
1876:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1463:
1113:
1093:/a/ is pronounced like the "a" in father
663:
598:and also in large non-Bakongo cities of
50:This article includes a list of general
34:Creole language spoken in Central Africa
3412:. PhD dissertation, Cornell University.
3317:"Un Livre En Kikongo Parmi Les Nominés"
2984:"Langues et education en Afrique noire"
2533:
1105:/u/ is pronounced like the "oo" of fool
306:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
4641:Languages of the Republic of the Congo
4408:Languages of the Republic of the Congo
2765:
2763:
2445:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
1096:/e/ is pronounced like the "e" in bed
644:Some examples of differences between
7:
3410:The Origin and Development of Kituba
3011:Jack Berry et Thomas Albert Sebeok,
558:, lower Congo, and the neighbouring
2857:Muzalia Kihangu, Godefroid (2011).
2705:. Vol. 124. Louvain-la-Neuve:
2506:Grand Prix of Literary Associations
2303:The bulk of Kituba words come from
2947:, Cambridge University Press, 2018
56:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
3013:Linguistics in Sub-Saharan Africa
2982:PY Esther; Thomas Bearth (1997).
1442:
1436:
1403:
1394:
1385:
1333:
1321:
1314:
1307:
1300:
1236:
1229:
1220:
1213:
1206:
1199:
1178:
1167:
1158:
983:Munu / Mu ke mona nge
415:. Confusingly, it is also called
3271:, L’HARMATTAN, 2015 (In French)
2900:"Kituba (Lingua Franca Kikongo)"
2569:
2551:
2468:
419:, especially in areas that lack
401:Democratic Republic of the Congo
367:Democratic Republic of the Congo
200:
196:Democratic Republic of the Congo
188:
41:
4651:Bantu-based pidgins and creoles
3293:(Kinshasa: Editions LECO, 1969)
3096:from the original on 2021-12-21
3066:from the original on 2021-12-21
3036:from the original on 2021-12-21
2943:Koen Bostoen et Inge Brinkman,
2585:New Updated Guthrie List Online
2350:matáta (Swah. matata) "trouble"
361:. It is a national language in
509:is more popular in the north.
114:Monokutuba, Munukutuba, Kituba
1:
2738:"Congo: Constitution de 2015"
2697:. In de Féral, Carole (ed.).
2682:Mufwene, Salikoko S. (2009).
135:: 13 million (2018–2022)
3289:Harold W. Fehdereau, Ph.D.,
2088:Present and immediate future
1972:Beno ta vuandaka ya kukuela.
1898:Present and immediate future
929:Kituba (or Kikongo ya leta)
690:Kituba (or Kikongo ya leta)
3355:CFMZ, printed at CEDI, 1988
3245:Luntadila Nlandu Inocente,
4672:
2736:Maury, Jean-Pierre (ed.).
2640:Maury, Jean-Pierre (ed.).
2172:Immediate past progressive
2103:He works. / He will work.
2054:Yandi me vuandaka mulongi.
2033:Yandi me vuanda na Matadi.
1402:
1400:
1340:
1331:
1177:
1175:
1166:
1164:
1157:
1155:
960: : He / She has
466:and to a lesser extent in
26:
4143:Kango (Bas-Uélé District)
3337:(in French). 20 June 2018
2778:Foreign Service Institute
1471:
1468:
1466:
1411:
1409:
1377:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1329:
1327:
1289:
1285:
1273:
1242:
1226:
1188:
1184:
1173:
1150:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1123:
1118:
1116:
292:
179:Official language in
111:
106:
2583:Jouni Filip Maho, 2009.
2058:She has been a teacher.
2043:Past perfect progressive
421:Kongo (Kikongo) speakers
27:Not to be confused with
4148:Kango (Tshopo District)
2993:(in French). p. 18
2746:Université de Perpignan
2650:Université de Perpignan
2016:We used to be friends.
956:Yandi ke na nsoni
442:Geographic distribution
338:
330:
120:
113:
71:more precise citations.
2274:The suffix indicating
2204:Yandi vuandaka kusala.
2012:Beto vuandaka banduku.
1955:You are being stupid.
1016:Yandi vuandaka kusala
451:
294:This article contains
3398:Jean-Alexis Mfoutou,
3391:Jean-Alexis Mfoutou,
3384:Jean-Alexis Mfoutou,
2187:He has been working.
1976:You will be married.
1951:Nge ke vuandaka zoba.
1548:I love you in kituba
1072:and Kituba grammars)
1020: : He / She was
996:Luzingu lu kéli
976: : We will
449:
386:Republic of the Congo
363:Republic of the Congo
244: – Kituba (
233: – Kituba (
208:Republic of the Congo
4452:Indigenous languages
3408:Fehderau, H., 1966.
2773:Kituba: Basic Course
2692:? What's in a name?"
2510:Bankunga ya Kintwadi
2263:He will be working.
1934:I will be a father.
636:Differences between
4568:Immigrant languages
4366:French African Sign
3092:(in French). 2014.
3062:(in French). 2012.
3032:(in French). 2012.
2960:, L'harmattan, 2000
2109:Present progressive
1940:Present progressive
1923:kele/ata kuv(u)anda
1544:
1041:
920:
685:Cibinda / Tchibinda
651:1. Conjugation: In
501:and in the capital
341:) is a widely used
4431:National languages
3492:National languages
3368:. 30 January 2023.
2480:. You can help by
2343:. These include:
2248:Future progressive
2037:He was in Matadi.
1992:Yandi vuanda kuna.
1961:Future progressive
1930:Mu ta vuanda tata.
1850:to think, thinking
1543:
1040:
919:
452:
4628:
4627:
4415:Official language
4374:
4373:
4354:
4353:
3476:Official language
3302:William Frawley,
2865:Universiteit Gent
2567:(27th ed., 2024)
2549:(27th ed., 2024)
2500:In 2018, a book (
2498:
2497:
2443:Article 1 of the
2395:katekisimu (Eng.
2367:sodá/solodá (Fr.
2267:
2266:
2208:He used to work.
2062:
2061:
2047:mene kuv(u)andaka
1944:kele kuv(u)andaka
1865:grammatical tense
1856:
1855:
1557:
1556:
1541:
1540:
1415:
1414:
1347:
1297:
1251:
1196:
1063:
1062:
1032:
1031:
972:tusingasala
912:
911:
527:national language
409:Kikongo de L'état
320:
319:
302:rendering support
298:phonetic symbols.
97:
96:
89:
16:(Redirected from
4663:
4401:
4394:
4387:
4378:
3777:Kasai-Occidental
3727:Ngbaka Minagende
3547:
3462:
3455:
3448:
3439:
3370:
3369:
3362:
3356:
3353:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3342:
3327:
3321:
3320:
3319:. 28 March 2019.
3313:
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3112:
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3082:
3076:
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3052:
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3043:
3041:
3022:
3016:
3009:
3003:
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3000:
2998:
2988:
2979:
2973:
2970:
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2954:
2948:
2941:
2935:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2833:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2804:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2767:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2696:
2679:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2616:"Kikongo-Kituba"
2612:
2599:
2593:
2587:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2573:
2556:
2555:
2538:
2493:
2490:
2472:
2465:
2447:translates to:
2259:Yandi ta salaka.
2193:Past progressive
2183:Yandi me salaka.
2120:Yandi ke salaka.
2067:
2002:Past progressive
1965:ata kuv(u)andaka
1877:
1572:
1545:
1464:
1446:
1440:
1407:
1398:
1389:
1367:
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1203:
1194:
1182:
1171:
1162:
1114:
1042:
1024:used to working
949: : You did
921:
915:2. Negative form
664:
288:
282:
271:
264:
243:
232:
223:
206:
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150:
123:
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78:
72:
67:this article by
58:inline citations
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2873:1854/LU-4132125
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2518:
2494:
2488:
2485:
2478:needs expansion
2463:
2441:
2301:
2293:
2272:
2197:vuandaka kusala
2166:He has worked.
2124:He is working.
2026:mene kuv(u)anda
1909:Yau kele nkosi.
1861:
1562:
1459:
1454:
1128:
1112:
1083:
1078:
1066:4. Noun classes
1027:
1025:
642:
539:
523:
521:Official status
444:
411:, shortened to
405:Kikongo ya leta
375:
351:creole language
339:Kikongo ya leta
300:Without proper
286:
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173:Official status
168:
151:
148:Language family
146:
136:
121:Kikongo ya leta
118:
107:Kikongo ya leta
93:
82:
76:
73:
63:Please help to
62:
46:
42:
35:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4669:
4667:
4659:
4658:
4656:Kongo language
4653:
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4362:
4360:
4359:Sign languages
4356:
4355:
4352:
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4318:
4313:
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3864:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3824:
3822:
3820:Kasai-Oriental
3816:
3815:
3813:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
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3418:
3417:External links
3415:
3414:
3413:
3406:
3403:
3396:
3389:
3382:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3357:
3348:
3322:
3308:
3295:
3282:
3273:
3267:Robert Tinou,
3260:
3251:
3238:
3212:
3187:
3159:
3143:
3134:
3125:
3116:
3107:
3077:
3047:
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2949:
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2890:
2867:. p. 30.
2863:(PhD). Ghent:
2849:
2820:
2791:
2759:
2728:
2715:
2663:
2632:
2600:
2588:
2576:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2517:
2514:
2508:. A hymnbook,
2496:
2495:
2475:
2473:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2454:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2428:
2423:dikopa (Port.
2421:
2414:
2409:sapatu (Port.
2407:
2400:
2393:
2388:kilápi (Port.
2386:
2379:
2372:
2365:
2358:
2351:
2348:
2300:
2297:
2292:
2289:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2261:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2242:He will work.
2240:
2238:Yandi ta sala.
2235:
2232:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2206:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2162:Yandi me sala.
2159:
2156:
2153:
2151:Immediate past
2147:
2146:
2143:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2099:Yandi ke sala.
2096:
2093:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2060:
2059:
2056:
2051:
2048:
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2039:
2038:
2035:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2014:
2009:
2007:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1996:He was there.
1994:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1974:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1953:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1927:
1926:ke/ta v(u)anda
1924:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1913:It is a lion.
1911:
1906:
1903:
1900:
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1097:
1094:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1045:My name is in
1030:
1029:
1010: : We do
1004:
993:
992:
991:see you
981:
966:
965:
954:
945:usumbidi
937:usumbidi
931:
930:
927:
910:
909:
898:
892:
874:
870:
869:
858:
852:
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838:
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826:
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756:
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730:
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700:
698:
692:
691:
688:
678:
668:
641:
634:
538:
535:
522:
519:
443:
440:
379:Kikongo-Kituba
374:
371:
359:Bantu language
347:Central Africa
318:
317:
304:, you may see
290:
289:
284:
277:
274:
273:
258:
250:
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224:
216:
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214:Language codes
211:
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154:
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130:
126:
125:
109:
108:
104:
103:
95:
94:
49:
47:
40:
33:
29:Kongo language
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4668:
4657:
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4018:
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3993:
3989:
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3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3682:Central Banda
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3655:
3651:
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3560:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3548:
3545:
3542:
3533:
3527:
3524:
3521:
3520:Congo Swahili
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3484:
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3407:
3404:
3401:
3397:
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3383:
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3379:
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3367:
3361:
3358:
3352:
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3336:
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3326:
3323:
3318:
3312:
3309:
3305:
3299:
3296:
3292:
3286:
3283:
3277:
3274:
3270:
3264:
3261:
3255:
3252:
3248:
3242:
3239:
3226:
3222:
3216:
3213:
3201:
3197:
3191:
3188:
3176:
3172:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3155:
3154:
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3135:
3129:
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3111:
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3087:
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3021:
3018:
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3008:
3005:
2992:
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2978:
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2870:
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2853:
2850:
2837:
2830:
2824:
2821:
2808:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2787:
2783:
2780:. p. x.
2779:
2775:
2774:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2747:
2744:(in French).
2743:
2739:
2732:
2729:
2718:
2716:9789042922709
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2651:
2648:(in French).
2647:
2643:
2636:
2633:
2621:
2617:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2592:
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2528:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2492:
2489:December 2021
2483:
2479:
2476:This section
2474:
2471:
2467:
2466:
2460:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2446:
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2433:
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2366:
2363:
2359:
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2345:
2344:
2342:
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2254:
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2228:
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2190:
2186:
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2181:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2142:
2141:Yandi salaka.
2139:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2113:kele kusalaka
2112:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2065:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:me v(u)andaka
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:ta v(u)andaka
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:ke v(u)andaka
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1931:
1928:
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1922:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1912:
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1490:
1489:
1485:
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1479:
1476:
1475:
1465:
1462:
1456:
1451:
1447:) before /i/.
1445:
1439:
1434:
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1427:
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1416:
1406:
1397:
1393:
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1324:
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1115:
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1038:
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1019:
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1003:
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994:
990:
987: : I can
986:
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597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
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563:
561:
557:
553:
549:
544:
543:Kongo Kingdom
536:
534:
530:
528:
520:
518:
514:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
479:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
456:Kongo Central
448:
441:
439:
437:
433:
429:
428:Kibula-matadi
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
403:it is called
402:
397:
395:
391:
388:it is called
387:
382:
380:
372:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
343:lingua franca
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
297:
291:
285:
281:
275:
270:
263:
259:
257:
256:
251:
247:
242:
236:
231:
225:
222:
217:
212:
209:
197:
185:
182:
176:
171:
165:
162:
161:
160:
157:
153:
149:
143:
139:
134:
131:
127:
122:
115:
110:
105:
100:
91:
88:
80:
70:
66:
60:
59:
53:
48:
39:
38:
30:
19:
4437:
3911:Luba-Katanga
3503:
3409:
3399:
3392:
3385:
3376:Bibliography
3360:
3351:
3339:. Retrieved
3334:
3325:
3311:
3303:
3298:
3290:
3285:
3276:
3268:
3263:
3254:
3246:
3241:
3229:. Retrieved
3224:
3215:
3203:. Retrieved
3199:
3190:
3178:. Retrieved
3174:
3152:
3146:
3137:
3128:
3119:
3110:
3098:. Retrieved
3089:
3080:
3068:. Retrieved
3059:
3050:
3038:. Retrieved
3029:
3020:
3012:
3007:
2995:. Retrieved
2990:
2977:
2957:
2952:
2944:
2939:
2931:
2926:
2915:. Retrieved
2903:
2893:
2884:
2878:
2876:
2859:
2852:
2840:. Retrieved
2835:
2823:
2811:. Retrieved
2806:
2794:
2772:
2750:. Retrieved
2741:
2731:
2720:. Retrieved
2698:
2689:
2685:
2654:. Retrieved
2645:
2635:
2623:. Retrieved
2619:
2591:
2579:
2562:
2559:Kituba (DRC)
2544:
2536:
2509:
2501:
2499:
2486:
2482:adding to it
2477:
2451:
2442:
2431:
2430:simisi (Fr.
2424:
2417:
2416:mesa (Port.
2410:
2403:
2396:
2389:
2382:
2381:mísa (Port.
2375:
2374:masínu (Fr.
2368:
2361:
2360:kamiyó (Fr.
2354:
2302:
2294:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2273:
2258:
2247:
2237:
2226:
2213:
2203:
2192:
2182:
2171:
2161:
2150:
2140:
2129:
2119:
2108:
2098:
2087:
2082:Translation
2063:
2053:
2042:
2032:
2022:Past perfect
2021:
2011:
2001:
1991:
1981:
1971:
1960:
1950:
1939:
1929:
1918:
1908:
1897:
1892:Translation
1873:
1862:
1849:
1834:
1819:
1806:
1791:
1778:
1763:
1750:
1735:
1722:
1707:
1694:
1679:
1666:
1651:
1638:
1623:
1610:
1566:
1563:
1460:
1429:
1084:
1065:
1064:
1034:
1033:
1021:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1006:Beto ke dia
1001:
997:
988:
984:
977:
973:
969:
961:
957:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
914:
913:
905:
901:
894:
888:
884:
880:
876:
865:
861:
854:
848:
844:
833:
829:
822:
816:
812:
801:
797:
790:
784:
780:
769:
765:
758:
752:
748:
737:
733:
732:Munu / Mono
726:
720:
716:
706:
695:
658:
657:
650:
643:
623:
616:
612:
584:Pointe-Noire
568:
564:
540:
531:
526:
524:
515:
511:
487:Pointe-Noire
480:
453:
435:
431:
427:
425:
416:
412:
408:
404:
398:
393:
389:
383:
378:
376:
334:
326:
322:
321:
293:
280:Guthrie code
253:
183:
163:
83:
74:
55:
4331:Kinyarwanda
4015:Kinyarwanda
3762:South Banda
3227:(in French)
3180:14 February
2813:14 December
2752:14 December
2748:. Article 4
2656:14 December
2652:. Article 3
2625:14 December
2541:Kituba (RC)
2522:Habla Congo
2439:Sample text
2402:bóyi (Eng.
2378:) "machine"
2371:) "soldier"
2176:mene salaka
2145:He worked.
2092:kele kusala
2029:me v(u)anda
1525:3rd person
1508:2nd person
1491:1st person
1379:Approximant
777:He / She is
596:Brazzaville
556:West Africa
503:Brazzaville
308:instead of
156:Kongo-based
77:August 2009
69:introducing
4635:Categories
4610:Portuguese
3876:Bangubangu
3584:Lia-Ntomba
3535:Indigenous
3100:19 January
3070:19 January
3040:19 January
2997:19 January
2917:2021-07-31
2885:munukutuba
2879:munukutuba
2722:2021-07-31
2620:Britannica
2564:Ethnologue
2546:Ethnologue
2529:References
2461:Literature
2353:letá (Fr.
2337:Portuguese
2291:Dictionary
2252:ata salaka
2076:Short form
2006:v(u)andaka
1886:Short form
1790:baludimi (
1706:mankondo (
1693:dinkondo (
1497:munu, mono
1110:Consonants
953: buy
640:and Kituba
472:Mai-Ndombe
390:Munukutuba
349:. It is a
265: DRC
52:references
18:Munukutuba
4258:Nyanga-li
4060:Orientale
3992:Nord-Kivu
3848:Salampasu
3537:languages
2842:6 January
2598:(page 17)
2524:, in Cuba
2434:) "shirt"
2420:) "table"
2413:) "shoe"
2397:catechism
2364:) "truck"
2357:) "state"
2255:ta salaka
2214:Narrative
2179:me salaka
2155:mene sala
2116:ke salaka
2073:Long form
1883:Long form
1848:kubanza (
1833:bumbote (
1762:bankosi (
1678:milangi (
1665:mulangi (
1575:Singular
1469:Singular
1346:prenasal.
1291:Fricative
1249:prenasal.
1076:Phonology
900:Bau / Bo
353:based on
272: RC
255:Glottolog
221:ISO 639-3
140:: 800,000
4615:Japanese
4499:Kaning'i
4474:Bomitaba
4303:Sud-Kivu
4218:Mangbutu
4213:Mangbetu
3951:Kinshasa
3752:Pagibete
3654:Équateur
3551:Bandundu
3541:province
3526:Tshiluba
3094:Archived
3064:Archived
3034:Archived
2912:20006662
2516:See also
2404:houseboy
2385:) "mass"
2231:ata sala
1986:v(u)anda
1835:goodness
1818:tubima (
1805:kakima (
1777:ludimi (
1622:bamama (
1598:Example
1457:Pronouns
1125:Alveolar
1037: :
873:They are
600:Bandundu
560:Bandundu
552:Kinshasa
499:Lékoumou
468:Kinshasa
436:Kizabave
432:Kikwango
314:Help:IPA
269:kitu1245
262:kitu1246
129:Speakers
4620:Russian
4605:Chinese
4585:Spanish
4575:English
4554:Tsaangi
4443:Lingala
4336:Kirundi
4326:Kabwari
4316:Fuliiru
4263:Nzakara
4248:Ngelima
4203:Lugbara
4093:Barambu
4083:Bangala
4078:Avokaya
4035:Talinga
4020:Kirundi
3969:Maniema
3868:Katanga
3833:Dengese
3790:Bushong
3767:Yangere
3742:Ngbundu
3737:Ngbinda
3732:Ngbandi
3702:Mbandja
3692:Losengo
3614:Sengele
3574:Hungana
3516:Swahili
3511:Lingala
3423:Weblink
3341:28 July
3231:13 July
3205:13 July
2707:Peeters
2690:Kikongo
2432:chemise
2427:) "cup"
2392:) "pen"
2376:machine
2341:English
2329:Swahili
2325:Lingala
2321:Kiyansi
2317:Kisongo
2313:Kimbala
2305:Kikongo
2299:Lexicon
2234:ta sala
2200:va sala
2158:me sala
2095:ke sala
2079:Example
1889:Example
1820:trifles
1792:tongues
1749:nkosi (
1708:bananas
1680:bottles
1650:bantu (
1637:muntu (
1624:mothers
1609:mama ('
1589:Example
1578:Plural
1486:Object
1483:Subject
1480:Object
1477:Subject
1472:Plural
1452:Grammar
1190:Plosive
1145:Glottal
1135:Palatal
1087:Spanish
1070:Kikongo
1047:Kikongo
925:Kikongo
887:ke (or
883:kele)/
879:ke (or
847:ke (or
841:You are
815:ke (or
745:You are
719:ke (or
707:Kuvanda
681:Kikongo
671:Kikongo
667:English
653:Kikongo
646:Kikongo
638:Kikongo
630:Kikongo
626:Kikongo
588:Dolisie
537:History
507:Lingala
495:Bouenza
483:Kouilou
417:Kikongo
399:In the
384:In the
355:Kikongo
310:Unicode
226:Either:
65:improve
4600:Arabic
4590:Arabic
4580:French
4539:Mboshi
4484:Bwenyi
4469:Bekwil
4438:Kituba
4422:French
4273:Pambia
4223:Mayogo
4178:Likile
4138:Kaliko
4088:Bangba
4045:Vanuma
4030:Nyanga
3901:Kaonde
3891:Chokwe
3858:Tetela
3795:Chokwe
3747:Ngombe
3722:Ndunga
3619:Shinji
3609:Sakata
3594:Mpuono
3564:Chokwe
3504:Kituba
3483:French
3225:Abpbzh
3200:Google
3030:TELE50
2910:
2786:877994
2784:
2713:
2686:Kituba
2411:sapato
2369:soldat
2362:camion
2355:l'état
2339:, and
2333:French
2327:, and
2309:Kiyaka
2227:Future
2137:salaka
2134:salaka
1919:Future
1869:aspect
1807:trifle
1787:ba-lu-
1779:tongue
1736:things
1734:bima (
1721:kima (
1695:banana
1667:bottle
1652:people
1639:person
1611:mother
1595:Prefix
1586:Prefix
1430:ndzila
1130:Dental
1120:Labial
1081:Vowels
964:shame
809:We are
796:Yandi
783:e (or
751:e (or
675:Civili
606:, and
604:Kikwit
594:, and
580:Matadi
572:Moanda
548:Matadi
460:Kwango
434:, and
413:Kileta
394:Kituba
335:Kituba
331:Kituba
327:Kituba
323:Kituba
287:H10A,B
205:
193:
164:Kituba
159:creole
102:Kituba
54:, but
4595:Hindi
4544:Njebi
4534:Mboko
4529:Mbere
4524:Mbama
4519:Lumbu
4514:Kwala
4489:Bwisi
4479:Bonjo
4346:Tembo
4293:Zande
4288:Tagbo
4253:Nyali
4243:Ngbee
4238:Ndaka
4198:Lombo
4183:Linga
4163:Lendu
4123:Dongo
4118:Bwela
4098:Beeke
4040:Tembo
4025:Nande
4010:Hunde
3982:Zimba
3977:Hendo
3959:Mfinu
3931:Tabwa
3926:Sanga
3921:Ruund
3916:Lunda
3906:Kebwe
3896:Hemba
3886:Bwile
3881:Bemba
3853:Songe
3843:Nkutu
3828:Budya
3810:Wongo
3805:Lwalu
3785:Binji
3757:Sango
3717:Ndolo
3707:Mongo
3697:Mbaka
3677:Budza
3672:Bango
3667:Bangi
3644:Yansi
3634:Tiene
3624:Sonde
3604:Pende
3599:Nzadi
3589:Mbala
3579:Kwese
3499:Kongo
3175:OHCHR
2987:(PDF)
2908:JSTOR
2832:(PDF)
2803:(PDF)
2703:BCILL
2695:(PDF)
2688:, or
2390:lápis
2383:missa
2276:voice
2270:Voice
2221:sala
2070:Tense
1880:Tense
1859:Verbs
1764:lions
1759:ba-n-
1746:n-/m-
1723:thing
1592:Class
1583:Class
1560:Nouns
1531:yandi
1520:beno
1503:beto
1418:Notes
1296:plain
1195:plain
1152:Nasal
1140:Velar
1002:Etc.
980:work
891:kele)
860:Beno
851:kele)
828:Beto
819:kele)
723:kele)
696:To Be
608:Ilebo
592:Nkayi
491:Niari
476:Kasai
464:Kwilu
373:Names
124:(ktu)
117:(mkw)
4559:Vili
4549:Punu
4509:Koyo
4504:Kota
4494:Fang
4464:Akwa
4321:Havu
4311:Buyu
4283:Soko
4278:Poke
4193:Logo
4188:Loki
4173:Lika
4168:Lese
4158:Kele
4153:Kari
4133:Hema
4128:Guru
4108:Budu
4103:Bila
4073:Asoa
4068:Alur
4050:Yaka
4005:Havu
4000:Amba
3941:Yazi
3936:Zela
3838:Luna
3800:Lele
3712:Mono
3687:Furu
3662:Bala
3639:Yaka
3629:Suku
3569:Ding
3559:Boma
3539:(by
3343:2020
3335:Nzoi
3233:2024
3207:2024
3182:2021
3102:2021
3090:MNTV
3072:2021
3060:RTNC
3042:2021
2999:2021
2844:2021
2815:2020
2782:OCLC
2754:2020
2711:ISBN
2658:2020
2627:2020
2425:copa
2418:mesa
2218:sala
2130:Past
1982:Past
1902:kele
1867:and
1784:2+11
1751:lion
1537:bau
1517:beno
1500:beto
1026:Etc.
1014:eat
998:KUVÉ
906:Kele
904:(or
897:kele
866:Kele
864:(or
857:kele
834:Kele
832:(or
825:kele
802:Kele
800:(or
787:ele)
770:Kele
768:(or
764:Nge
755:ele)
738:Kele
736:(or
729:kele
713:I am
617:The
576:Boma
474:and
462:and
365:and
357:, a
4459:Aka
4341:Shi
4268:Omi
4233:Mbo
4228:Mba
4113:Bwa
2869:hdl
2561:at
2543:at
2484:.
1845:ku-
1815:tu-
1802:ka-
1774:lu-
1756:2+9
1731:bi-
1718:ki-
1703:ma-
1690:di-
1675:mi-
1662:mu-
1647:ba-
1634:mu-
1619:ba-
1567:ba-
1514:nge
1511:nge
1441:or
1022:not
1012:not
989:not
978:not
951:not
793:ele
761:ele
705:or
345:in
296:IPA
246:DRC
241:ktu
230:mkw
4637::
4208:Ma
3333:.
3223:.
3198:.
3173:.
3162:^
3088:.
3058:.
3028:.
2989:.
2965:^
2902:.
2875:.
2834:.
2805:.
2762:^
2740:.
2709:.
2701:.
2666:^
2644:.
2618:.
2603:^
2335:,
2323:,
2319:,
2315:,
2311:,
1905:ke
1852:)
1842:15
1837:)
1830:bu
1827:14
1822:)
1812:13
1799:12
1794:)
1771:11
1766:)
1738:)
1710:)
1682:)
1654:)
1626:)
1569:.
1534:ba
1528:yá
1494:mu
1366:ⁿz
1361:ⁿs
1356:ᶬv
1351:ᶬf
1282:ᵑg
1277:ᵑk
1270:ⁿd
1265:ⁿt
1260:ᵐb
1255:ᵐp
1018:VÉ
1008:VÉ
985:VÉ
974:KO
970:KA
962:no
958:VÉ
947:KO
941:/
939:KO
935:K'
908:)
902:Ke
895:Ba
889:Be
885:Be
881:Ba
877:Ba
868:)
862:Ke
855:Lu
849:Lu
845:Lu
836:)
830:Ke
823:Tu
817:Tu
813:Tu
804:)
798:Ke
772:)
766:Ke
740:)
734:Ke
702:or
661::
632:.
602:,
590:,
586:,
582:,
578:,
574:,
505:.
497:,
493:,
489:,
485:,
478:.
470:,
458:,
381:.
369:.
337::
333:,
329::
235:RC
138:L2
133:L1
4400:e
4393:t
4386:v
3543:)
3522:)
3518:(
3461:e
3454:t
3447:v
3345:.
3235:.
3209:.
3184:.
3156:.
3104:.
3074:.
3044:.
3001:.
2920:.
2871::
2846:.
2817:.
2788:.
2756:.
2725:.
2684:"
2660:.
2629:.
2491:)
2487:(
2406:)
2399:)
1809:)
1781:)
1753:)
1743:9
1728:8
1725:)
1715:7
1700:6
1697:)
1687:5
1672:4
1669:)
1659:3
1644:2
1641:)
1631:1
1616:2
1613:)
1606:–
1603:0
1444:ʒ
1438:ʃ
1432:.
1405:j
1396:l
1387:w
1338:)
1335:h
1332:(
1323:z
1316:s
1309:v
1302:f
1238:g
1231:k
1222:d
1215:t
1208:b
1201:p
1180:ŋ
1169:n
1160:m
1127:/
943:K
791:K
785:K
781:K
759:K
753:K
749:K
727:N
721:I
717:I
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248:)
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