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became as an "emblem of the avant-garde in painting" at the time. There exist several anecdotes from the biographies of various artists who, as apprentices, allegedly painted a fly with such skill as to fool their teacher into believing it was real. Well-known examples are those about
149:, Ilya Lemeshkin brings attention to the fly painted on a corner of a page of Skaryna's Bible. He argues that the function of the fly is to secularize the image – in other words, to indicate that the depicted object is not a cult object to be venerated, but simply a painting.
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But he adds a tiny fly image to each painting, a metaphor for sin and evil. For this, his masters send him to the gas chamber. You can be sure flies will figure prominently in the rest of this dark fable.
68:
as a conspicuous element of various paintings. The feature was widespread in 15th- and 16th-century
European paintings, and its presence has been subject to various interpretations by art historians.
189:
them. Based on this observation, as well as noting the disproportionately large relative size of the flies compared with the other depicted objects, Konečný argues that this was intended as a
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104:; and as an imitation of works of previous painters. Many art historians argue that the fly holds religious significance, carrying connotations of sin, corruption or
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100:: as a jest; to symbolize the worthiness of even minor "objects of creation"; as an exercise in artistic privilege; as an indication that the portrait is
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Konečný states that this text was first to bring an attention to the fly as a notable difference between the classical version of the
808:
and its copies. According to Konečný, Weixlgärtner is the only author who gave a detailed description of the fly, identifying it as
588:
544:
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164:. Kandice Rawlings challenges this notion, writing that Pigler fails to take into account other traditions associated with flies.
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136:. Kandice Rawlings argues that since these anecdotes were widespread, they contributed to the humorous interpretation of some
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243:. Of them, eight are portraits, thirteen are religious miniatures, and only two are large-size works. Chastel remarks that
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This article is about painted representations of flies in artworks. For the fly species formerly called Musca picta, see
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181:(copy), and Lemeshkin, writing about Skaryna's portrait, observe the flies painted in each do not exactly "sit"
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Another theory is that
Renaissance artists strove to demonstrate their mastery in portraying nature, with
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flies were a passing fad, with artists later having found other ways to demonstrate their skill.
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265:. The main character, an art dealer, explains to a woman he meets that it signifies corruption.
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235:, German, and north Italian paintings dated between 1450 and the 1510s, and are analysed by
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intended to turn away harm or evil influences, as in deflecting misfortune or averting the
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Still life with dainties, rosemary, wine, jewels and a burning candle
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539:. Translated by Aghion, Carole; Carion, Anne. Milan: F. M. Ricci.
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27:
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694:(in French). Vol. 24 (1964). Budapest. pp. 47–64.
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656:
Lemeshkin, Ilya (2019). Груша, Аляксандр Іванавіч (ed.).
580:
Albrecht Dürer: The Feast of the Rose
Garlands, 1506-2006
217:, dated about 1446, is the earliest known example of
152:
Andor Pigler surmises that the painted fly served an
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721:"'Burnt Orange' a deliciously nasty shade of noir"
690:Pigler, Andor. "La mouche peinte: un talisman".
662:(in Russian). Belaruskai︠a︡ navuka. p. 75.
185:the underlying painted objects, but rather sit
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874:
844:
830:
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209:) serves to intensify the illusion of the
791:Weixlgärtner, Arpad, "Die Fliege auf dem
761:Reallexikon zur deutschen Kunstgeschichte
692:Bulletin du Musee Hongrois des Beaux Arts
525:
523:
458:Dictionary of Subjects and Symbols in Art
156:function, that is to serve as a type of
583:. Národní galerie v Praze. p. 50.
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259:is a recurring topic in the 2019 film,
1128:List of crop plants pollinated by bees
770:of the book lists many paintings with
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199:. He also remarks that the fly in the
16:Visual depiction of a fly in paintings
622:Rawlings, Kandice (January 1, 2008).
400:
398:
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96:, lists the following reasons behind
7:
659:Францыск Скарына: новыя даследаванні
231:flies are recognized in over twenty
175:Both Konečný, writing about Dürer's
145:Commenting on the Czech portrait of
503:"Flysight: The Painter and the Fly"
239:in a book eponymously dedicated to
719:Verniere, James (August 7, 2020).
704:Chastel, as commented by Rawlins,
323:Stilleven met vruchten en schelpen
14:
287:Still Life with Hunting Equipment
60:("painted fly" in Latin; plural:
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368:
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275:
92:James N. Hogue, writing in the
1243:Home-stored product entomology
774:, classified into categories "
195:(illusion), that the fly sits
1:
1326:Decline in insect populations
919:List of insect-inspired songs
763:, Pt. 9 pp. 1196–1221
1449:
1356:Pesticide toxicity to bees
1336:List of endangered insects
577:. In Kotková, Olga (ed.).
18:
1394:
570:Konečný, Lubomír (2006).
413:; Cardé, Ring T. (eds.).
1321:Colony collapse disorder
1316:Bees and toxic chemicals
624:"Painted Paradoxes: The
572:"Catching an Absent Fly"
405:Hogue, James N. (2009).
215:Portrait of a Carthusian
206:
202:Portrait of a Carthusian
38:Portrait of a Carthusian
1223:Insect bites and stings
1200:Drosophila melanogaster
1113:Biological pest control
812:, rather than a common
628:Fly in the Renaissance"
416:Encyclopedia of Insects
262:The Burnt Orange Heresy
94:Encyclopedia of Insects
1288:Rats, Lice and History
753:Kemp, Cornelia (2003)
89:
64:) is a depiction of a
52:
1273:Alfred Russel Wallace
1058:Entomological warfare
909:Insects in literature
407:"Cultural Entomology"
301:Balthasar van der Ast
167:
79:
31:
1228:Insect sting allergy
1022:Cicadas in mythology
451:Hall, James (2018).
134:Francesco Squarcione
124:as an apprentice of
1331:Habitat destruction
1083:Insects in religion
806:Feast of the Rosary
361:Feast of the Rosary
358:'s versions of the
319:Abraham van Calraet
178:Feast of the Rosary
1404:Insects portal
1376:Insects and humans
904:Arthropods in film
853:Human interactions
251:In popular culture
90:
53:
1410:
1409:
1299:Insect Literature
1256:
1255:
1155:Carmine/Cochineal
1108:Beneficial insect
1078:Insects in ethics
1027:Scarab (artifact)
1017:Bees in mythology
926:Insects on stamps
801:(1928) pp. 20-25
776:Portrait painting
669:978-985-08-2415-8
634:. 26 (2008): 7–13
461:(Rev. ed.).
430:978-0-08-092090-0
341:Madonna and Child
1440:
1402:
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1278:Jean-Henri Fabre
1053:Cricket fighting
1048:Cockroach racing
914:Insects in music
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797:" (1928) - In:
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419:(2nd ed.).
411:Resh, Vincent H.
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305:Basket of Fruits
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283:Willem van Aelst
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147:Francysk Skaryna
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748:Further reading
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197:on the painting
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132:and his master
130:Andrea Mantegna
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72:Interpretations
62:muscae depictae
45:perched on the
33:Petrus Christus
24:
21:Delphinia picta
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421:Academic Press
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354:comparison of
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257:musca depicta
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241:musca depicta
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237:André Chastel
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233:Netherlandish
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115:writing that
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113:André Chastel
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82:Clara Peeters
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57:Musca depicta
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43:musca depicta
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1381:Insecticides
1298:
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1283:Hans Zinsser
1248:Clothes moth
1198:
1009:In mythology
942:Fishing bait
895:
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767:
766:The section
760:
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737:
730:. Retrieved
724:
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673:. Retrieved
658:
636:. Retrieved
631:
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594:. Retrieved
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510:. Retrieved
506:
476:. Retrieved
457:
446:
434:. Retrieved
415:
379:
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340:
322:
304:
286:
260:
256:
254:
245:trompe-l'œil
244:
240:
229:Trompe-l'œil
228:
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223:trompe-l'œil
222:
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211:trompe-l'œil
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192:trompe-l'œil
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169:Trompe-l'œil
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139:trompe-l'œil
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80:Detail from
61:
56:
55:
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48:trompe-l'œil
46:
42:
36:
25:
1367:Categories,
1346:Insecticide
1177:Sericulture
1148:Royal jelly
1073:Flea circus
1063:Entomophagy
997:Cantharidin
992:Spanish fly
967:In medicine
947:Fly fishing
878:In the arts
732:October 17,
675:October 18,
638:October 17,
596:October 17,
552:October 18,
512:October 17,
478:October 17,
436:October 17,
213:frame. The
102:post mortem
1417:Categories
1386:Pesticides
1123:Bee pollen
1118:Beekeeping
1100:entomology
1043:Biomimicry
975:Apitherapy
935:In fishing
890:Beetlewing
871:in culture
784:Still Life
387:References
205:(pictured
154:apotropaic
86:still life
1369:templates
1341:Pesticide
957:Fly tying
463:Routledge
106:mortality
1309:Concerns
1261:Pioneers
1238:Woodworm
1143:Propolis
1098:Economic
985:Melittin
980:Apitoxin
814:housefly
533:(1994).
501:(n.d.).
162:evil eye
1233:Bed bug
1215:insects
1213:Harmful
1189:Shellac
1133:Beeswax
1088:Jingzhe
868:insects
864:Aspects
857:insects
786:", etc.
780:Madonna
759:, In:
707:op. cit
632:Athanor
269:Gallery
221:with a
142:flies.
126:Cimabue
1172:Kermes
1167:Chitin
1160:Polish
756:Fliege
666:
587:
543:
469:
427:
225:fly.
122:Giotto
51:frame.
41:has a
1428:Flies
1138:Honey
855:with
575:(PDF)
453:"Fly"
409:. In
207:above
187:above
158:magic
1182:Silk
782:", "
778:", "
734:2021
677:2021
664:ISBN
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