223:, then further generalized as either adrenergic fibers, releasing noradrenaline, or cholinergic fibers, both releasing acetylcholine and expressing acetylcholine receptors. Both preganglionic sympathetic fibers and preganglionic parasympathetic fibers are cholinergic. Most postganglionic sympathetic fibers are adrenergic: their neurotransmitter is norepinephrine except postganglionic sympathetic fibers to the sweat glands, piloerectile muscles of the body hairs, and the skeletal muscle arterioles do not use adrenaline/noradrenaline.
174:
46:
20:
35:
235:
of the adrenal medulla act as "modified neurons", releasing adrenaline and noradrenaline into the bloodstream as hormones instead of as neurotransmitters. The other postganglionic fibers of the peripheral autonomic system belong to the parasympathetic division; all are cholinergic fibers, and use
2930:
Dorna; Varshavi, Dorsa; Allen, Dana; Arndt, David; Khetarpal, Nitya; Sivakumaran, Aadhavya; Harford, Karxena; Sanford, Selena; Yee, Kristen; Cao, Xuan; Budinsky, Zachary; Liigand, Jaanus; Zhang, Lun; Zheng, Jiamin; Mandal, Rupasri; Karu, Naama; Dambrova, Maija; Schiöth, Helgi B.; Gautam, Vasuk.
2929:
Wishart, David S.; Guo, An Chi; Oler, Eponine; Wang, Fel; Anjum, Afia; Peters, Harrison; Dizon, Raynard; Sayeeda, Zinat; Tian, Siyang; Lee, Brian L.; Berjanskii, Mark; Mah, Robert; Yamamoto, Mai; Jovel
Castillo, Juan; Torres Calzada, Claudia; Hiebert Giesbrecht, Mickel; Lui, Vicki W.; Varshavi,
2951:
Melchiorre C, Angeli P, Lambrecht G, Mutschler E, Picchio MT, Wess J (December 1987). "Antimuscarinic action of methoctramine, a new cardioselective M-2 muscarinic receptor antagonist, alone and in combination with atropine and gallamine".
244:
Another role for these receptors is at the junction of the innervated tissues and the postganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. Here acetylcholine is again used as a neurotransmitter, and
6179:
312:
It is known that muscarinic acetylcholine receptors also appear on the pre-synaptic membrane of somatic neurons in the neuro-muscular junction, where they are involved in the regulation of acetylcholine release.
230:
is considered a sympathetic ganglion and, like other sympathetic ganglia, is supplied by cholinergic preganglionic sympathetic fibers: acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter utilized at this synapse. The
3083:
Moro C, Uchiyama J, Chess-Williams R (December 2011). "Urothelial/lamina propria spontaneous activity and the role of M3 muscarinic receptors in mediating rate responses to stretch and carbachol".
277:
into the bloodstream. Some believe that chromaffin cells are modified postganglionic CNS fibers. In the adrenal medulla, acetylcholine is used as a neurotransmitter, and the receptor is of the
2248:"Transfected m2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors couple to G alpha i2 and G alpha i3 in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Activation and desensitization of the phospholipase C signaling pathway"
7670:
6172:
6006:
517:. Muscarinic receptors vary in the G protein to which they are bound, with some correlation according to receptor type. G proteins are also classified according to their susceptibility to
300:
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are also present and distributed throughout the local nervous system, in post-synaptic and pre-synaptic positions. There is also some evidence for
501:
G proteins contain an alpha-subunit that is critical to the functioning of receptors. These subunits can take a number of forms. There are four broad classes of form of G-protein: G
6165:
3260:
3036:"Muscarinic m1 receptor-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in Chinese hamster ovary cells is mediated by Gs alpha and is not a consequence of phosphoinositidase C activation"
1659:
type receptor, which causes a decrease in cAMP in the cell, inhibition of voltage-gated Ca channels, and increasing efflux of K, in general, leading to inhibitory-type effects.
7665:
2013:
5472:
2090:
6932:
4410:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
2889:
Karlsson E, Jolkkonen M, Mulugeta E, Onali P, Adem A (September 2000). "Snake toxins with high selectivity for subtypes of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors".
1681:
muscarinic receptors are located at many places in the body. They are located in the smooth muscles of the blood vessels, as well as in the lungs. Because the M
1592:(causing an increase in cAMP) have also been shown to be involved in interactions in certain tissues, and so would be susceptible to PTX and CTX, respectively.
341:; in this case, the ligand is ACh. This receptor is bound to intracellular proteins, known as G proteins, which begin the information cascade within the cell.
467:
have characterised five genes that appear to encode muscarinic receptors, named m1-m5 (lowercase m; no subscript number). They code for pharmacologic types M
428:
receptors than it is at other subtypes. The acceptance of the various subtypes proceeded in numerical order, therefore, earlier sources may recognize only M
7691:
5342:
7241:
5732:
5727:
1721:
receptors are also located in many glands, which help to stimulate secretion in, for example, the salivary glands, as well as other glands of the body.
5763:
5108:
3253:
5723:
4509:
4504:
365:
By the use of selective radioactively labeled agonist and antagonist substances, five subtypes of muscarinic receptors have been determined, named M
7301:
5747:
5429:
5424:
5419:
4385:
2065:
Purves, Dale, George J. Augustine, David
Fitzpatrick, William C. Hall, Anthony-Samuel LaMantia, James O. McNamara, and Leonard E. White (2008).
5803:
4673:
4500:
5414:
4360:
3135:
2996:
2520:
2299:
2074:
559:
Because of the strong correlations to muscarinic receptor type, CTX and PTX are useful experimental tools in investigating these receptors.
4588:
4400:
3870:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3246:
1803:
1760:
1689:-coupled and mediates an increase in intracellular calcium, it typically causes contraction of smooth muscle, such as that observed during
1672:
1605:
1549:
1435:
1274:
1055:
856:
599:
410:
403:
388:
381:
374:
204:) and slow depolarization (Slow EPSP) that represent the recovery of the postganglionic neuron from stimulation are actually mediated by
5401:
4050:
556:
The various G-protein subunits act differently upon secondary messengers, upregulating
Phospholipases, downregulating cAMP, and so on.
6940:
6936:
6199:
5306:
4275:
553:) which is immune. Also, only when bound with an agonist, those G proteins normally sensitive to PTX also become susceptible to CTX.
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
4163:
3958:
3953:
3948:
1555:
692:
617:
193:
2365:
Egorov AV, Hamam BN, Fransén E, Hasselmo ME, Alonso AA (November 2002). "Graded persistent activity in entorhinal cortex neurons".
7706:
5757:
5752:
4692:
4687:
3768:
3763:
2679:
1902:
115:
27:
7538:
5936:
5843:
4697:
3943:
3698:
7081:
6990:
6559:
5792:
5787:
5321:
4562:
4557:
4405:
4254:
4249:
2820:
2581:"Muscarinic receptors: their distribution and function in body systems, and the implications for treating overactive bladder"
1585:
219:
Peripheral autonomic fibers (sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers) are categorized anatomically as either preganglionic or
92:
7076:
6523:
5326:
2631:
Ghelardini C, Galeotti N, Lelli C, Bartolini A (2001). "M1 receptor activation is a requirement for arecoline analgesia".
2779:
Lameh J, Burstein ES, Taylor E, Weiner DM, Vanover KE, Bonhaus DW (August 2007). "Pharmacology of N-desmethylclozapine".
1834:
that upregulate phospholipase C and, therefore, inositol trisphosphate and intracellular calcium as a signaling pathway.
7660:
5783:
4123:
4118:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3334:
3329:
3324:
1845:
targeting the mAChR that are currently approved for clinical use include non-selective antagonists for the treatment of
1580:
and intracellular calcium as a signaling pathway. A receptor so bound would not be susceptible to CTX or PTX. However, G
2041:
5317:
3884:
3879:
3340:
3320:
1630:
receptors (e.g. by atropine) will cause a raise in heart rate. They also moderately reduce contractile forces of the
352:
to open, permitting either one or more specific types of ions (e.g., K, Na, Ca) to diffuse into or out of the cell.
7390:
7330:
4317:
4312:
4168:
4158:
4153:
4138:
4133:
4106:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3833:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3273:
338:
96:
68:
7091:
7061:
6509:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4114:
4000:
3828:
3810:
3791:
3784:
3303:
2851:
Servent D, Blanchet G, Mourier G, Marquer C, Marcon E, Fruchart-Gaillard C (November 2011). "Muscarinic toxins".
1626:. In humans, under resting conditions, vagal activity dominates over sympathetic activity. Hence, inhibition of M
1104:
173:
7701:
7634:
7382:
5909:
5778:
5738:
5384:
4308:
4270:
4129:
3918:
3842:
3796:
3286:
3232:
345:
119:
304:
receptors on sympathetic neurons allowing the parasympathetic nervous system to inhibit sympathetic effects.
257:
Very few parts of the sympathetic system use cholinergic receptors. In sweat glands the receptors are of the
192:. Nicotinic receptors on the postganglionic neuron are responsible for the initial fast depolarization (Fast
7696:
6951:
6858:
6713:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4582:
4577:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4474:
4340:
4224:
4192:
4187:
4149:
4144:
4055:
3779:
3151:
Langmead CJ, Watson J, Reavill C (February 2008). "Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors as CNS drug targets".
334:
158:
7414:
6928:
6660:
6341:
4295:
4290:
4207:
4202:
3801:
3402:
3397:
1892:
1846:
1744:
1577:
1452:
1299:
1110:
901:
634:
627:
445:
285:
64:
7619:
7568:
7504:
7281:
7226:
6946:
6676:
6655:
6501:
5840:
4678:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4618:
4573:
4470:
4333:
4328:
4280:
4183:
4178:
3965:
3849:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3407:
3392:
3269:
3186:
Matera C, Tata AM (2014). "Pharmacological approaches to targeting muscarinic acetylcholine receptors".
1945:
Eglen RM (July 2006). "Muscarinic receptor subtypes in neuronal and non-neuronal cholinergic function".
1887:
1858:
1842:
1638:
1358:
1209:
1132:
975:
906:
895:
765:
322:
127:
88:
41:- an agonist used to distinguish between these two classes of receptors. Not normally found in the body.
7367:
6431:
7614:
7534:
7286:
7131:
6446:
5890:
5548:
4860:
4683:
4668:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4245:
4198:
3875:
3854:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3238:
2374:
2204:
1921:
1694:
1144:
1137:
220:
6426:
7629:
7291:
7176:
6986:
6788:
5713:
4648:
4539:
4323:
4286:
3751:
3380:
3312:
3228:
3127:
1911:
1710:
1690:
1115:
1076:
464:
135:
45:
6361:
3223:
2579:
Abrams P, Andersson KE, Buccafusco JJ, Chapple C, de Groat WC, Fryer AD, et al. (July 2006).
1035:
7554:
7479:
7362:
7357:
7271:
7116:
7071:
6893:
6773:
6768:
6544:
6519:
6481:
6421:
6336:
6213:
6191:
5932:
5443:
5267:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4303:
3678:
3651:
3388:
2398:
2228:
2166:"International Union of Pharmacology. XVII. Classification of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors"
2084:
1882:
1788:
1783:
receptors to decrease cAMP in the cell and, thus, produce generally inhibitory effects. Possible
1419:
1411:
826:
818:
810:
746:
189:
7266:
7261:
6971:
6956:
6461:
6456:
6401:
6391:
6351:
6231:
2195:
Simon MI, Strathmann MP, Gautam N (May 1991). "Diversity of G proteins in signal transduction".
7484:
7256:
7001:
6645:
6534:
6356:
6346:
6157:
2680:"Muscarine reduces inwardly rectifying potassium conductance in rat nucleus accumbens neurones"
1713:
on vascular tone and bronchiolar tone. Indeed, direct stimulation of vascular smooth muscle, M
7639:
7499:
7394:
7211:
7106:
7056:
6913:
6823:
6793:
6680:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6266:
6251:
5798:
5742:
5388:
5118:
5113:
4568:
4265:
3614:
3203:
3168:
3131:
3118:
Keith Parker; Laurence
Brunton; Goodman, Louis Sanford; Lazo, John S.; Gilman, Alfred (2006).
3100:
3065:
2992:
2969:
2906:
2868:
2796:
2761:
2709:
2660:
2610:
2552:
2516:
2390:
2347:
2295:
2269:
2220:
2177:
2146:
2070:
2033:
1989:
1962:
1916:
1529:
1373:
1293:
1284:
1264:
1065:
1020:
866:
780:
621:
609:
162:
7161:
6728:
6386:
6366:
2633:
1614:
muscarinic receptors are located in the heart and lungs. In the heart, they act to slow the
731:
7352:
7171:
7126:
6627:
6491:
6256:
4593:
4515:
4365:
3195:
3160:
3119:
3092:
3055:
3047:
2961:
2898:
2860:
2788:
2751:
2699:
2691:
2650:
2642:
2600:
2592:
2382:
2337:
2329:
2259:
2212:
2136:
2128:
2025:
1954:
1828:
1777:
1733:
1653:
1566:
1465:
1312:
1164:
919:
683:
674:
666:
395:
232:
185:
150:
2165:
261:
type. The sympathetic nervous system also has some preganglionic nerves terminating at the
7512:
7469:
7166:
7136:
6903:
6838:
6828:
6808:
6599:
6563:
6411:
6246:
5986:
5773:
5582:
4871:
4553:
4520:
4260:
3557:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
1862:
1740:
1717:
mediates vasoconstriction in diseases wherein the vascular endothelium is disrupted. The M
1642:
1499:
1368:
1224:
1094:
1086:
995:
770:
577:
522:
348:
mechanism for signaling. In this case, binding of the ligands with the receptor causes an
266:
262:
227:
3120:
2378:
2208:
424:
is a muscarinic antagonist (decreases the effect of ACh), which is much more potent at M
7508:
7111:
7051:
6813:
6591:
6587:
6575:
6281:
5859:
4719:
4547:
3774:
3567:
3562:
3552:
3528:
3498:
3493:
3060:
3035:
2704:
2605:
2580:
2574:
2572:
2342:
2317:
2141:
2116:
1634:
1623:
1559:
1504:
1383:
1229:
1090:
1045:
1000:
841:
775:
645:
274:
80:
3199:
2902:
2717:
2646:
2264:
7685:
7624:
7464:
7450:
7446:
7438:
7386:
7046:
7041:
6908:
6843:
6326:
6241:
5914:
5563:
5558:
5553:
4479:
4415:
3483:
3164:
2965:
2792:
2247:
1958:
1573:
1509:
1475:
1388:
1334:
1234:
1174:
1030:
990:
941:
787:
706:
582:
518:
484:
181:
146:
84:
72:
23:
2740:"Effects of nebracetam (WEB 1881 FU), a novel nootropic, as a M1-muscarinic agonist"
2232:
7528:
7524:
7458:
7454:
7406:
7398:
7216:
7181:
7096:
6996:
6981:
6918:
6848:
6798:
6703:
6668:
6639:
6635:
6631:
6619:
6436:
6396:
6371:
5836:
4234:
4228:
3838:
3823:
3646:
3413:
2695:
2402:
1926:
1784:
1707:
which diffuses to adjacent vascular smooth muscle cells and causes their relaxation
1706:
1702:
1631:
1619:
1485:
1349:
1194:
1140:
961:
951:
891:
885:
716:
301:
196:) of that neuron. As a consequence of this, nicotinic receptors are often cited as
83:. They play several roles, including acting as the main end-receptor stimulated by
3096:
3014:"Cholinergic Transduction, Psychopharmacology - The Fourth Generation of Progress"
2864:
3013:
2318:"Cholinergic modulation of neuronal excitability in the accessory olfactory bulb"
7644:
7609:
7589:
7516:
7494:
7489:
7474:
7434:
7410:
7377:
7346:
7338:
7320:
7296:
7246:
7231:
7221:
7191:
7186:
7151:
7036:
7031:
7006:
6976:
6961:
6818:
6778:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6718:
6698:
6623:
6611:
6595:
6579:
6549:
6451:
6416:
6406:
6276:
2294:(5th ed.). India: Jaypee Brothers, Medical Publishers. pp. 890 pages.
1866:
1524:
1514:
1424:
1416:
1408:
1403:
1393:
1254:
1249:
1239:
1219:
1199:
1184:
1015:
1005:
985:
846:
836:
831:
823:
815:
807:
802:
792:
760:
421:
349:
270:
123:
100:
2546:
2029:
1981:
7604:
7584:
7549:
7442:
7430:
7418:
7325:
7314:
7310:
7251:
7146:
7141:
7121:
7026:
6898:
6853:
6833:
6783:
6738:
6688:
6684:
6672:
6603:
6583:
6571:
6529:
6486:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6441:
6376:
6316:
6261:
6236:
6221:
6138:
6054:
5281:
1615:
1519:
1398:
1259:
1244:
1010:
875:
797:
741:
736:
496:
460:
2117:"Inactive-state preassembly of G(q)-coupled receptors and G(q) heterotrimers"
1641:(AV node). It also serves to slightly decrease the contractile forces of the
329:
as their signaling mechanism. In such receptors, the signaling molecule (the
7422:
7402:
7372:
7342:
7334:
7236:
7196:
7156:
7101:
7021:
6966:
6923:
6868:
6743:
6733:
6708:
6664:
6615:
6607:
6567:
6554:
6381:
6331:
6286:
6271:
5847:
5768:
3290:
2216:
1480:
1344:
1339:
1320:
1189:
1179:
1124:
1040:
966:
956:
946:
927:
726:
721:
711:
698:
475:. The receptors m1 and m2 were determined based upon partial sequencing of M
326:
289:
107:
38:
3207:
3172:
3104:
2910:
2872:
2800:
2664:
2614:
2596:
2556:
2394:
2351:
2150:
2037:
1993:
1966:
19:
3069:
2973:
2931:
2765:
2713:
2333:
2273:
2224:
2181:
483:
receptor proteins. The others were found by searching for homology, using
7598:
7544:
7520:
7276:
7206:
7066:
6803:
6723:
6692:
6650:
6539:
6072:
6050:
2825:
2819:
2132:
1850:
1494:
1363:
1214:
980:
881:
755:
641:
111:
49:
2386:
420:
proteins. There are other classification systems. For example, the drug
7594:
7574:
7426:
7201:
7086:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6321:
5143:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
2936:
2756:
2739:
2655:
1326:
1098:
933:
131:
76:
3051:
2991:(2nd ed.). Hamilton, Ontario: BC Decker Inc. pp. 311 pages.
34:
16:
Acetylcholine receptors named for their selective binding of muscarine
6863:
6514:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5981:
5926:
5921:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5718:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5356:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5262:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5103:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4394:
4085:
3908:
3902:
3472:
3467:
3457:
3452:
1151:
1120:
344:
By contrast, nicotinic receptors form pentameric complexes and use a
330:
106:
Muscarinic receptors are so named because they are more sensitive to
7016:
7011:
6226:
6121:
5812:
5807:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5570:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5351:
5346:
5336:
5331:
5272:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4424:
4389:
4239:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4045:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3937:
3897:
3892:
3815:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3462:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
1854:
1444:
172:
154:
33:
18:
249:
receptors form the principal receptors on the innervated tissue.
130:) manipulate these two distinct receptors by acting as selective
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
5494:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5286:
5276:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4543:
4419:
3913:
3122:
Goodman & Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics
1870:
201:
7302:
6161:
6047:
5834:
5382:
3284:
3242:
118:(nAChRs), receptor ion channels that are also important in the
5311:
2515:(5th ed.). Elsevier Churchill Livingstone. p. 139.
545:
is susceptible to PTX, with the exception of one subtype of G
2821:"ED-SPAZ- hyoscyamine sulfate tablet, orally disintegrating"
1701:
on vascular endothelial cells causes increased synthesis of
6200:
1558:
at the ganglion in the postganglionic nerve, is common in
198:
the receptor on the postganglionic neurons at the ganglion
1697:. However, with respect to vasculature, activation of M
292:
receptor to acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction.
2540:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2511:
Rang HP, Dale MM, Ritter JM, Moore PK (2003). "Ch. 10".
630:
activates slow after-depolarizing potentials in neurons
321:
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors belong to a class of
165:. Muscarinic receptors are used in the following roles:
1565:
It is predominantly found bound to G proteins of class
7092:
Octatropine methylbromide (anisotropine methylbromide)
2924:
2922:
2920:
1082:
Increase intracellular calcium in vascular endothelium
177:
The structure of
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2.
2246:
Dell'Acqua ML, Carroll RC, Peralta EG (March 1993).
7567:
6500:
6212:
6198:
6131:
6065:
5900:
5858:
5704:
5581:
5400:
5253:
4870:
4718:
4711:
4217:
4105:
4098:
3863:
3750:
3741:
3577:
3482:
3379:
3311:
3302:
1747:and intracellular calcium as a signaling pathway.
308:Presynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction
3126:(11th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. pp.
7282:Scopolamine butylbromide (hyoscine butylbromide)
2932:"Showing metabocard for Arecoline (HMDB0030353)"
2545:Carlson, AB; Kraus, GP (2019), "article-19473",
7307:Tooltip Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
2738:Kitamura Y, Kaneda T, Nomura Y (January 1991).
2626:
2624:
2551:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
2285:
2283:
2115:Qin K, Dong C, Wu G, Lambert NA (August 2011).
1988:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
1827:receptors are coupled with G proteins of class
1709:, thereby explaining the paradoxical effect of
122:. Many drugs and other substances (for example
373:(using an upper case M and subscript number).
7671:Acetylcholine metabolism/transport modulators
6173:
3254:
3016:. American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
1147:vasodilation depending on the location of M3.
200:. However, the subsequent hyperpolarization (
8:
2089:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
7666:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators
2884:
2882:
7242:3-Quinuclidinyl thiochromane-4-carboxylate
6209:
6205:Tooltip Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
6180:
6166:
6158:
6062:
6044:
5855:
5831:
5397:
5379:
4715:
4102:
3747:
3308:
3299:
3281:
3261:
3247:
3239:
2846:
2844:
2814:
2812:
2810:
436:subtypes, while later studies recognize M
3231:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
3059:
2755:
2703:
2654:
2604:
2341:
2263:
2140:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2060:
2058:
1637:, and reduce conduction velocity of the
561:
44:
26:- the natural agonist of muscarinic and
2430:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2164:Caulfield MP, Birdsall NJ (June 1998).
1937:
236:acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter.
4411:Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin
2316:Smith RS, Araneda RC (December 2010).
2082:
2069:. Sinauer Associates. pp. 122–6.
1980:Kudlak, Megan; Tadi, Prasanna (2024),
1554:This receptor is found mediating slow
5415:Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor
1947:Autonomic & Autacoid Pharmacology
7:
3224:Acetylcholine Receptors (Muscarinic)
3188:Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery
3034:Burford NT, Nahorski SR (May 1996).
2014:"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors"
1804:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5
1761:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4
1673:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3
1606:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2
1550:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1
69:G protein-coupled receptor complexes
2829:. U.S. National Library of Medicine
2678:Uchimura N, North RA (March 1990).
2252:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
640:Higher cognitive processes such as
7692:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
2306:if nothing else mentioned in table
2292:Essentials of Medical Pharmacology
1732:receptors are G proteins of class
1584:(causing a downstream decrease in
1292:Activation of M4 causes decreased
57:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
14:
6904:Etybenzatropine (ethybenztropine)
6576:chlorphenamine (chlorpheniramine)
6560:Antihistamines (first-generation)
6337:Desmethylclozapine (norclozapine)
6189:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
3200:10.2174/1574889809666141120131238
2548:Physiology, Cholinergic Receptors
1982:"Physiology, Muscarinic Receptor"
116:nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
5764:Growth-hormone-releasing hormone
3165:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.09.009
2954:European Journal of Pharmacology
2937:Human Metabolome Database, HMDB
2793:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.05.004
2744:Japanese Journal of Pharmacology
1959:10.1111/j.1474-8673.2006.00368.x
1903:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
1769:receptors are found in the CNS.
541:) are susceptible to CTX. Only G
216:respectively (discussed below).
7625:Meclofenoxate (centrophenoxine)
7443:northiaden (desmethyldosulepin)
5724:Corticotropin-releasing hormone
3153:Pharmacology & Therapeutics
2781:Pharmacology & Therapeutics
2585:British Journal of Pharmacology
1652:muscarinic receptors act via a
1618:down below the normal baseline
91:. They are mainly found in the
7082:N-Methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate
4386:Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
2696:10.1113/jphysiol.1990.sp017989
95:, but also have a role in the
93:parasympathetic nervous system
1:
7661:Receptor/signaling modulators
7077:N-Ethyl-3-piperidyl benzilate
5804:Vasoactive intestinal peptide
4674:Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
3097:10.1016/j.urology.2011.08.039
2903:10.1016/S0300-9084(00)01176-7
2865:10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.08.004
2647:10.1016/s0014-827x(01)01091-6
2265:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)53372-X
2018:Current Pharmaceutical Design
1812:receptors is not well known.
1079:and increased lung secretion.
296:Higher central nervous system
7517:cyamemazine (cyamepromazine)
2966:10.1016/0014-2999(87)90509-7
1787:may result if stimulated by
1572:, which use upregulation of
416:receptors are coupled with G
317:Form of muscarinic receptors
7331:Tetracyclic antidepressants
7222:Profenamine (ethopropazine)
6844:Dicycloverine (dicyclomine)
4589:Prolactin-releasing peptide
3274:G protein-coupled receptors
3012:Richelson, Elliott (2000).
2012:Ishii M, Kurachi Y (2006).
1838:Pharmacological application
394:receptors are coupled with
339:seven transmembrane regions
7723:
7480:Tripitamine (tripitramine)
6704:Benzatropine (benztropine)
2322:Journal of Neurophysiology
2030:10.2174/138161206778522056
1869:(used in the treatment of
1801:
1758:
1670:
1622:, by slowing the speed of
1603:
1547:
494:
97:sympathetic nervous system
7653:
7383:Tricyclic antidepressants
6933:+beclometasone/formoterol
6510:3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate
6061:
6043:
5854:
5830:
5396:
5378:
3298:
3280:
2684:The Journal of Physiology
1123:when M3 is stimulated or
1105:gastrointestinal motility
1073:smooth muscle contraction
114:. Their counterparts are
7635:Phosphatidylethanolamine
5910:Calcium-sensing receptor
5779:Methuselah-like proteins
3233:Medical Subject Headings
2987:Johnson, Gordon (2002).
525:(PTX, whooping cough). G
491:Difference in G proteins
346:ligand-gated ion channel
120:autonomic nervous system
7707:Acetylcholine receptors
6859:Diphemanil metilsulfate
6714:Benzilylcholine mustard
6661:Atypical antipsychotics
4056:Sphingosine-1-phosphate
3944:Hydroxycarboxylic acids
3040:The Biochemical Journal
2217:10.1126/science.1902986
2170:Pharmacological Reviews
2121:Nature Chemical Biology
333:) binds to a monomeric
159:neuromuscular junctions
65:acetylcholine receptors
7505:Typical antipsychotics
7277:Scopolamine (hyoscine)
6952:Hexahydrosiladifenidol
6929:Glycopyrronium bromide
5937:Metabotropic glutamate
2597:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706780
1895:(Cholinergic receptor)
1893:Acetylcholine receptor
1823:muscarinic receptor, M
1745:inositol trisphosphate
1728:muscarinic receptor, M
1578:inositol trisphosphate
635:long-term potentiation
529:and some subtypes of G
323:metabotropic receptors
286:somatic nervous system
240:Postganglionic neurons
184:is always used as the
178:
53:
42:
31:
7620:Glycerophosphocholine
7423:dosulepin (dothiepin)
7227:Propantheline bromide
7102:Otenzepad (AF-DX 116)
6656:Atropine methonitrate
3966:Lysophosphatidic acid
3270:Cell surface receptor
3229:Receptors,+Muscarinic
2334:10.1152/jn.00446.2010
1888:Muscarinic antagonist
1639:atrioventricular node
1133:Iris sphincter muscle
907:homotropic inhibition
221:postganglionic fibers
176:
89:postganglionic fibers
48:
37:
22:
7615:Dimethylethanolamine
7535:Umeclidinium bromide
7415:desmethyldesipramine
7132:Oxyphenonium bromide
6342:Ethoxysebacylcholine
5891:Vomeronasal receptor
4861:Vomeronasal receptor
2591:(5). Wiley: 565–78.
2290:Tripathi KD (2004).
2133:10.1038/nchembio.642
2067:Neuroscience. 4th ed
1922:Nicotinic antagonist
1711:parasympathomimetics
563:Comparison of types
465:molecular biologists
7630:Phosphatidylcholine
7292:Sofpironium bromide
7177:Pipenzolate bromide
6987:Ipratropium bromide
6789:Cimetropium bromide
5784:Parathyroid hormone
3744:signaling molecules
2387:10.1038/nature01171
2379:2002Natur.420..173E
2209:1991Sci...252..802S
1912:Adrenergic receptor
1847:Parkinson's disease
1789:muscarinic agonists
1776:receptors work via
1691:bronchoconstriction
1077:bronchoconstriction
892:conduction velocity
564:
455:Genetic differences
447:and most recently M
147:Acetylcholine (ACh)
7363:Tiotropium bromide
7358:Timepidium bromide
7117:Oxitropium bromide
7072:Muscarinic toxin 7
6947:Hexahydrodifenidol
6894:Emepronium bromide
6545:Ambutonium bromide
6520:Aclidinium bromide
5933:Glutamate receptor
5318:Protease-activated
2757:10.1254/jjp.55.177
1883:Muscarinic agonist
1576:C and, therefore,
882:contractile forces
747:Desmethylclozapine
562:
208:receptors, types M
190:autonomic ganglion
179:
169:Recovery receptors
99:in the control of
54:
43:
32:
7679:
7678:
7640:Phosphorylcholine
7578:
7563:
7562:
7500:Trospium chloride
7395:amitriptylinoxide
7368:Tiquizium bromide
7212:Prifinium bromide
7107:Otilonium bromide
7062:Methylscopolamine
7057:Methylhomatropine
6914:Fentonium bromide
6794:Clidinium bromide
6155:
6154:
6151:
6150:
6147:
6146:
6039:
6038:
6035:
6034:
5826:
5825:
5822:
5821:
5374:
5373:
5370:
5369:
5366:
5365:
4707:
4706:
4094:
4093:
3737:
3736:
3137:978-0-07-142280-2
3091:(6): 1442.e9–15.
3052:10.1042/bj3150883
2998:978-1-55009-109-0
2897:(9–10): 793–806.
2522:978-0-443-07145-4
2301:978-81-8061-187-2
2076:978-0-87893-697-7
1917:Nicotinic agonist
1861:(used to prevent
1537:
1536:
1530:trospium chloride
1374:trospium chloride
1265:trospium chloride
1145:systemic vascular
1138:cerebral vascular
1116:Eye accommodation
1093:secretions, e.g.
1021:trospium chloride
781:trospium chloride
622:autonomic ganglia
356:Receptor isoforms
253:Innervated tissue
163:autonomic ganglia
7714:
7572:
7353:Tiemonium iodide
7308:
7304:
7172:Phenyltoloxamine
7127:Oxyphencyclimine
6628:phenyltoloxamine
6432:Suberyldicholine
6210:
6206:
6202:
6182:
6175:
6168:
6159:
6063:
6045:
5856:
5832:
5398:
5380:
4716:
4103:
4001:Lysophospholipid
3748:
3309:
3304:Neurotransmitter
3300:
3282:
3263:
3256:
3249:
3240:
3212:
3211:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3148:
3142:
3141:
3125:
3115:
3109:
3108:
3080:
3074:
3073:
3063:
3031:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3009:
3003:
3002:
2989:PDQ Pharmacology
2984:
2978:
2977:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2926:
2915:
2914:
2886:
2877:
2876:
2848:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2816:
2805:
2804:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2759:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2716:. Archived from
2707:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2658:
2628:
2619:
2618:
2608:
2576:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2542:
2527:
2526:
2508:
2407:
2406:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2345:
2313:
2307:
2305:
2287:
2278:
2277:
2267:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2144:
2112:
2095:
2094:
2088:
2080:
2062:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2040:. Archived from
2009:
2003:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1942:
1743:and, therefore,
1739:that upregulate
1562:and in the CNS.
565:
269:, which secrete
263:chromaffin cells
233:chromaffin cells
186:neurotransmitter
151:neurotransmitter
52:- an antagonist.
7722:
7721:
7717:
7716:
7715:
7713:
7712:
7711:
7702:Neurophysiology
7682:
7681:
7680:
7675:
7649:
7571:
7559:
7513:chlorprothixene
7470:Trihexyphenidyl
7306:
7287:Silahexacyclium
7167:Phenglutarimide
6829:Desfesoterodine
6809:Cyclobenzaprine
6600:diphenhydramine
6564:brompheniramine
6496:
6447:Thiopilocarpine
6204:
6194:
6186:
6156:
6143:
6127:
6057:
6031:
5918:
5896:
5850:
5818:
5700:
5577:
5392:
5362:
5249:
4866:
4703:
4309:Cholecystokinin
4213:
4090:
3919:Free fatty acid
3859:
3743:
3742:Metabolites and
3733:
3573:
3478:
3375:
3294:
3276:
3267:
3220:
3215:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3150:
3149:
3145:
3138:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3082:
3081:
3077:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3019:
3017:
3011:
3010:
3006:
2999:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2928:
2927:
2918:
2888:
2887:
2880:
2859:(6–7): 455–63.
2850:
2849:
2842:
2832:
2830:
2818:
2817:
2808:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2723:
2721:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2630:
2629:
2622:
2578:
2577:
2570:
2561:
2559:
2544:
2543:
2530:
2523:
2510:
2509:
2410:
2373:(6912): 173–8.
2364:
2363:
2359:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2302:
2289:
2288:
2281:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2203:(5007): 802–8.
2194:
2193:
2189:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2114:
2113:
2098:
2081:
2077:
2064:
2063:
2056:
2047:
2045:
2024:(28): 3573–81.
2011:
2010:
2006:
1998:
1996:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1879:
1863:motion sickness
1853:(to dilate the
1840:
1832:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1811:
1806:
1800:
1797:
1781:
1775:
1768:
1763:
1757:
1754:
1741:phospholipase C
1737:
1731:
1727:
1720:
1716:
1700:
1695:bladder voiding
1688:
1684:
1680:
1675:
1669:
1666:
1657:
1651:
1629:
1613:
1608:
1602:
1599:
1591:
1583:
1570:
1560:exocrine glands
1552:
1546:
1543:
1500:Diphenhydramine
1469:
1439:
1379:
1369:Diphenhydramine
1324:
1318:
1316:
1278:
1225:Diphenhydramine
1168:
1095:salivary glands
1059:
1026:
996:Diphenhydramine
931:
925:
923:
860:
771:Diphenhydramine
696:
690:
687:
681:
678:
672:
670:
662:
657:
603:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
523:pertussis toxin
516:
512:
508:
504:
499:
493:
482:
478:
474:
470:
457:
450:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
419:
414:
407:
399:
392:
385:
378:
372:
368:
363:
358:
319:
310:
298:
267:adrenal medulla
255:
242:
228:adrenal medulla
215:
211:
171:
144:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7720:
7718:
7710:
7709:
7704:
7699:
7697:Neurochemistry
7694:
7684:
7683:
7677:
7676:
7674:
7673:
7668:
7663:
7658:
7654:
7651:
7650:
7648:
7647:
7642:
7637:
7632:
7627:
7622:
7617:
7612:
7607:
7602:
7592:
7587:
7581:
7579:
7565:
7564:
7561:
7560:
7558:
7557:
7552:
7547:
7542:
7532:
7509:chlorpromazine
7502:
7497:
7492:
7487:
7482:
7477:
7472:
7467:
7462:
7380:
7375:
7370:
7365:
7360:
7355:
7350:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7299:
7294:
7289:
7284:
7279:
7274:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7194:
7189:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7169:
7164:
7159:
7154:
7149:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7129:
7124:
7119:
7114:
7112:Oxapium iodide
7109:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7089:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7052:Methylatropine
7049:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6926:
6921:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6814:Cyclopentolate
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6592:dimenhydrinate
6588:cyproheptadine
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6517:
6512:
6506:
6504:
6498:
6497:
6495:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6427:Sebacylcholine
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6282:Butyrylcholine
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6218:
6216:
6207:
6196:
6195:
6187:
6185:
6184:
6177:
6170:
6162:
6153:
6152:
6149:
6148:
6145:
6144:
6142:
6141:
6135:
6133:
6129:
6128:
6126:
6125:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6069:
6067:
6059:
6058:
6048:
6041:
6040:
6037:
6036:
6033:
6032:
6030:
6029:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6004:
5998:
5993:
5984:
5979:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5930:
5924:
5916:
5912:
5906:
5904:
5898:
5897:
5895:
5894:
5888:
5887:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5865:
5863:
5852:
5851:
5835:
5828:
5827:
5824:
5823:
5820:
5819:
5817:
5816:
5810:
5801:
5796:
5790:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5736:
5730:
5721:
5716:
5710:
5708:
5702:
5701:
5699:
5698:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5587:
5585:
5579:
5578:
5576:
5575:
5574:
5573:
5568:
5567:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5541:
5540:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5499:
5498:
5497:
5492:
5491:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5465:
5464:
5463:
5462:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5436:
5435:
5434:
5433:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5406:
5404:
5394:
5393:
5383:
5376:
5375:
5372:
5371:
5368:
5367:
5364:
5363:
5361:
5360:
5354:
5349:
5340:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5315:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5270:
5265:
5263:Adrenomedullin
5259:
5257:
5251:
5250:
5248:
5247:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4876:
4874:
4868:
4867:
4865:
4864:
4858:
4857:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4725:
4723:
4713:
4709:
4708:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4701:
4695:
4690:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4660:
4655:
4646:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4616:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4591:
4586:
4580:
4571:
4566:
4560:
4551:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4518:
4513:
4507:
4498:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4468:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4392:
4383:
4377:
4372:
4363:
4358:
4352:
4347:
4341:Formyl peptide
4338:
4337:
4336:
4331:
4321:
4315:
4306:
4301:
4300:
4299:
4293:
4284:
4278:
4273:
4263:
4258:
4252:
4243:
4237:
4231:
4221:
4219:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4211:
4205:
4196:
4190:
4181:
4172:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4147:
4142:
4136:
4127:
4121:
4111:
4109:
4100:
4096:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4083:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
3998:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3963:
3962:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3941:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3900:
3895:
3882:
3873:
3867:
3865:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3846:
3845:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3813:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3788:
3787:
3782:
3772:
3766:
3756:
3754:
3745:
3739:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3731:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3696:
3690:
3685:
3676:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3649:
3644:
3643:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3612:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3581:
3579:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3546:
3540:
3535:
3526:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3488:
3486:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3411:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3385:
3383:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3352:
3347:
3338:
3332:
3327:
3317:
3315:
3306:
3296:
3295:
3285:
3278:
3277:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3258:
3251:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3226:
3219:
3218:External links
3216:
3214:
3213:
3178:
3143:
3136:
3110:
3075:
3026:
3004:
2997:
2979:
2943:
2916:
2878:
2840:
2806:
2771:
2730:
2670:
2641:(5–7): 383–5.
2620:
2568:
2528:
2521:
2408:
2357:
2328:(6): 2963–74.
2308:
2300:
2279:
2258:(8): 5676–85.
2238:
2187:
2156:
2096:
2075:
2054:
2004:
1972:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1897:
1896:
1890:
1885:
1878:
1875:
1839:
1836:
1830:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1809:
1802:Main article:
1799:
1795:
1792:
1779:
1773:
1766:
1759:Main article:
1756:
1752:
1749:
1735:
1729:
1725:
1718:
1714:
1698:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1671:Main article:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1635:cardiac muscle
1627:
1624:depolarization
1611:
1604:Main article:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1589:
1581:
1568:
1548:Main article:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1505:Dimenhydrinate
1502:
1497:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1422:
1414:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1384:Dimenhydrinate
1377:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1330:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1296:
1288:
1281:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1230:Dimenhydrinate
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1148:
1135:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1091:exocrine gland
1083:
1080:
1074:
1069:
1062:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1046:chlorpromazine
1043:
1038:
1033:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
1001:Dimenhydrinate
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
971:
970:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
937:
921:
917:
914:
911:
910:
909:
904:
898:
888:
878:
870:
863:
858:
852:
851:
850:
849:
844:
842:chlorpromazine
839:
834:
829:
821:
813:
805:
800:
795:
790:
784:
783:
778:
776:Dimenhydrinate
773:
768:
763:
758:
751:
750:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
702:
685:
676:
668:
664:
659:
654:
653:
652:
649:
646:spatial memory
638:
633:Strengthening
631:
624:
613:
606:
601:
595:
594:
591:
588:
585:
580:
575:
572:
569:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
514:
510:
506:
502:
492:
489:
480:
476:
472:
468:
456:
453:
448:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
417:
412:
405:
397:
390:
383:
376:
370:
366:
362:
361:Classification
359:
357:
354:
318:
315:
309:
306:
297:
294:
275:norepinephrine
254:
251:
241:
238:
213:
209:
170:
167:
143:
140:
87:released from
73:cell membranes
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7719:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7695:
7693:
7690:
7689:
7687:
7672:
7669:
7667:
7664:
7662:
7659:
7656:
7655:
7652:
7646:
7643:
7641:
7638:
7636:
7633:
7631:
7628:
7626:
7623:
7621:
7618:
7616:
7613:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7603:
7600:
7596:
7593:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7582:
7580:
7576:
7570:
7566:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7543:
7540:
7536:
7533:
7530:
7526:
7522:
7518:
7514:
7510:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7481:
7478:
7476:
7473:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7465:Tridihexethyl
7463:
7460:
7456:
7452:
7451:protriptyline
7448:
7447:nortriptyline
7444:
7440:
7439:nitroxazepine
7436:
7432:
7428:
7424:
7420:
7416:
7412:
7408:
7404:
7400:
7396:
7392:
7391:+perphenazine
7388:
7387:amitriptyline
7384:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7348:
7344:
7340:
7336:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7316:
7312:
7305:
7300:
7298:
7295:
7293:
7290:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7190:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7175:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7047:Methoctramine
7045:
7043:
7042:Methantheline
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7017:Mamba toxin 7
7015:
7013:
7012:Mamba toxin 3
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6992:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6942:
6938:
6934:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6909:Fenpiverinium
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6694:
6690:
6686:
6682:
6678:
6674:
6670:
6666:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6641:
6637:
6633:
6629:
6625:
6621:
6617:
6613:
6609:
6605:
6601:
6597:
6593:
6589:
6585:
6581:
6577:
6573:
6569:
6565:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6525:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6507:
6505:
6503:
6499:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6327:cis-Dioxolane
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6242:Acetylcholine
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6219:
6217:
6215:
6211:
6208:
6203:
6197:
6193:
6190:
6183:
6178:
6176:
6171:
6169:
6164:
6163:
6160:
6140:
6137:
6136:
6134:
6130:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6074:
6071:
6070:
6068:
6064:
6060:
6056:
6052:
6046:
6042:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6008:
6005:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5938:
5934:
5931:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5919:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5907:
5905:
5903:
5899:
5892:
5889:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5871:
5870:
5867:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5857:
5853:
5849:
5845:
5842:
5838:
5833:
5829:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5740:
5737:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5711:
5709:
5707:
5703:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5592:
5589:
5588:
5586:
5584:
5580:
5572:
5569:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5551:
5550:
5547:
5546:
5545:
5542:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5504:
5503:
5500:
5496:
5493:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5475:
5474:
5471:
5470:
5469:
5466:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5446:
5445:
5442:
5441:
5440:
5437:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5417:
5416:
5413:
5412:
5411:
5408:
5407:
5405:
5403:
5399:
5395:
5390:
5386:
5381:
5377:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5344:
5341:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5319:
5316:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5260:
5258:
5256:
5252:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4881:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4873:
4869:
4862:
4859:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4730:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4717:
4714:
4712:Miscellaneous
4710:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4650:
4647:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4620:
4617:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4555:
4552:
4549:
4545:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4502:
4499:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4472:
4469:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4387:
4384:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4342:
4339:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4326:
4325:
4322:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4288:
4285:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4247:
4244:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4232:
4230:
4226:
4225:Anaphylatoxin
4223:
4222:
4220:
4216:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4200:
4197:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4176:
4173:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4131:
4128:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4108:
4104:
4101:
4097:
4087:
4084:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4002:
3999:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3964:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3945:
3942:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3862:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3808:
3805:
3804:
3803:
3802:Prostaglandin
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3777:
3776:
3773:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3749:
3746:
3740:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3700:
3697:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3680:
3677:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3616:
3613:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3586:
3585:Acetylcholine
3583:
3582:
3580:
3576:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3550:
3547:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3530:
3527:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3481:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3412:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3378:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3292:
3288:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3264:
3259:
3257:
3252:
3250:
3245:
3244:
3241:
3234:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3194:(2): 85–100.
3193:
3189:
3182:
3179:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3159:(2): 232–43.
3158:
3154:
3147:
3144:
3139:
3133:
3129:
3124:
3123:
3114:
3111:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3079:
3076:
3071:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3030:
3027:
3015:
3008:
3005:
3000:
2994:
2990:
2983:
2980:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2960:(2): 117–24.
2959:
2955:
2947:
2944:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2847:
2845:
2841:
2828:
2827:
2822:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2787:(2): 223–31.
2786:
2782:
2775:
2772:
2767:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2750:(1): 177–80.
2749:
2745:
2741:
2734:
2731:
2720:on 2009-01-30
2719:
2715:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2690:(1): 369–80.
2689:
2685:
2681:
2674:
2671:
2666:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2635:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2616:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2549:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2529:
2524:
2518:
2514:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2361:
2358:
2353:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2312:
2309:
2303:
2297:
2293:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2275:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2242:
2239:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2191:
2188:
2183:
2179:
2176:(2): 279–90.
2175:
2171:
2167:
2160:
2157:
2152:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2127:(10): 740–7.
2126:
2122:
2118:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2092:
2086:
2078:
2072:
2068:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2044:on 2009-02-05
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2008:
2005:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1976:
1973:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1953:(3): 219–33.
1952:
1948:
1941:
1938:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1813:
1808:Location of M
1805:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1770:
1762:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1722:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1696:
1692:
1685:receptor is G
1674:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1633:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1607:
1595:
1593:
1587:
1579:
1575:
1574:phospholipase
1571:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1539:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1510:dicycloverine
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1476:acetylcholine
1474:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1433:
1432:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1389:dicycloverine
1387:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1335:acetylcholine
1333:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1322:
1317:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1280:
1279:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1235:dicycloverine
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1175:acetylcholine
1173:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1031:methoctramine
1029:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
991:dicycloverine
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
973:
972:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
942:acetylcholine
940:
939:
938:
935:
929:
924:
918:
915:
912:
908:
905:
903:
899:
897:
893:
889:
887:
883:
879:
877:
873:
872:
871:
869:
868:
864:
862:
861:
854:
853:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
822:
820:
817:
814:
812:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
788:dicycloverine
786:
785:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
753:
752:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
707:acetylcholine
705:
704:
703:
700:
694:
688:
679:
671:
665:
660:
655:
650:
647:
643:
639:
636:
632:
629:
625:
623:
619:
616:
615:
614:
612:
611:
607:
605:
604:
597:
596:
592:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
566:
560:
557:
554:
524:
520:
519:cholera toxin
498:
490:
488:
486:
485:bioinformatic
466:
462:
454:
452:
446:
423:
415:
408:
401:
393:
386:
379:
360:
355:
353:
351:
347:
342:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
316:
314:
307:
305:
303:
295:
293:
291:
287:
282:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
252:
250:
248:
239:
237:
234:
229:
224:
222:
217:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
175:
168:
166:
164:
160:
156:
153:found in the
152:
148:
141:
139:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
104:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
85:acetylcholine
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
51:
47:
40:
36:
29:
25:
24:Acetylcholine
21:
7529:thioridazine
7525:mesoridazine
7459:trimipramine
7455:quinupramine
7407:clomipramine
7399:butriptyline
7217:Procyclidine
7182:Piperidolate
7097:Orphenadrine
6997:Isopropamide
6982:Imidafenacin
6941:+neostigmine
6937:+indacaterol
6919:Fesoterodine
6849:Dihexyverine
6799:Cloperastine
6669:fluperlapine
6640:triprolidine
6636:propiomazine
6632:promethazine
6620:phenindamine
6437:Talsaclidine
6397:Oxotremorine
6372:Methacholine
6362:LY-2,033,298
6188:
5901:
5868:
5841:Metabotropic
5705:
5590:
5543:
5501:
5467:
5438:
5409:
5254:
4879:
4728:
4679:Urotensin-II
4619:Somatostatin
4574:Prokineticin
4471:Melanocortin
4174:
4107:Neuropeptide
4046:Oxoglutarate
3888:
3850:Prostacyclin
3819:
3806:
3759:
3647:GHB receptor
3584:
3548:
3491:
3191:
3187:
3181:
3156:
3152:
3146:
3121:
3113:
3088:
3084:
3078:
3046:(3): 883–8.
3043:
3039:
3029:
3018:. Retrieved
3007:
2988:
2982:
2957:
2953:
2946:
2935:
2894:
2890:
2856:
2852:
2831:. Retrieved
2824:
2784:
2780:
2774:
2747:
2743:
2733:
2722:. Retrieved
2718:the original
2687:
2683:
2673:
2638:
2632:
2588:
2584:
2560:, retrieved
2547:
2513:Pharmacology
2512:
2370:
2366:
2360:
2325:
2321:
2311:
2291:
2255:
2251:
2241:
2200:
2196:
2190:
2173:
2169:
2159:
2124:
2120:
2066:
2046:. Retrieved
2042:the original
2021:
2017:
2007:
1997:, retrieved
1985:
1975:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1927:Vagal escape
1841:
1814:
1807:
1785:bronchospasm
1771:
1764:
1723:
1703:nitric oxide
1676:
1647:
1620:sinus rhythm
1609:
1564:
1553:
1486:oxotremorine
1434:
1378:
1350:oxotremorine
1323:conductance
1283:
1273:
1195:oxotremorine
1141:vasodilation
1064:
1054:
1036:tripitramine
1025:
962:oxotremorine
952:methacholine
930:conductance
865:
855:
717:oxotremorine
608:
598:
593:Antagonists
558:
555:
500:
487:techniques.
458:
364:
343:
320:
311:
302:postsynaptic
299:
283:
278:
258:
256:
246:
243:
225:
218:
205:
197:
180:
145:
105:
101:sweat glands
60:
56:
55:
7645:Pirisudanol
7610:Cyprodenate
7590:Adafenoxate
7555:Zamifenacin
7539:+vilanterol
7495:Tropicamide
7490:Tropatepine
7475:Trimebutine
7435:lofepramine
7411:desipramine
7378:Tolterodine
7347:mirtazapine
7339:maprotiline
7321:Telenzepine
7297:Solifenacin
7272:SCH-217,443
7247:Revefenacin
7232:Propiverine
7192:Piroheptine
7187:Pirenzepine
7152:Penthienate
7037:Mepenzolate
7032:Meladrazine
7007:Hyoscyamine
6991:+salbutamol
6977:Homatropine
6962:Hexocyclium
6819:Darifenacin
6779:CAR-302,668
6774:CAR-302,537
6769:CAR-302,368
6764:CAR-302,282
6759:CAR-302,196
6754:CAR-301,060
6749:CAR-226,086
6719:Benzydamine
6699:Benactyzine
6677:+fluoxetine
6624:pheniramine
6612:mequitazine
6596:dimetindene
6580:cinnarizine
6550:Anisodamine
6524:+formoterol
6502:Antagonists
6482:WAY-132,983
6452:Vedaclidine
6422:SDZ 210-086
6417:Sabcomeline
6407:Pilocarpine
6277:Bethanechol
5549:Latrophilin
4684:Vasopressin
4669:Thyrotropin
4246:Angiotensin
4199:Neurotensin
3876:Cannabinoid
3855:Thromboxane
2833:January 13,
2656:2158/327019
1867:ipratropium
1859:scopolamine
1643:ventricular
1525:ipratropium
1515:tolterodine
1425:mamba toxin
1417:mamba toxin
1409:mamba toxin
1404:ipratropium
1394:tolterodine
1359:scopolamine
1329:conductance
1255:darifenacin
1250:ipratropium
1240:tolterodine
1220:hyoscyamine
1210:scopolamine
1200:pilocarpine
1185:bethanechol
1016:ipratropium
1006:tolterodine
986:hyoscyamine
976:scopolamine
936:conductance
847:haloperidol
837:telenzepine
832:pirenzepine
824:mamba toxin
816:mamba toxin
808:mamba toxin
803:ipratropium
793:tolterodine
766:scopolamine
761:Hyoscyamine
701:conductance
461:geneticists
459:Meanwhile,
422:pirenzepine
350:ion channel
271:epinephrine
188:within the
136:antagonists
128:scopolamine
124:pilocarpine
75:of certain
7686:Categories
7605:Citicoline
7585:Acetyl-coA
7569:Precursors
7550:Xanomeline
7431:imipramine
7419:dibenzepin
7326:Terodiline
7315:paroxetine
7311:femoxetine
7267:SCH-72,788
7262:SCH-57,790
7252:Rociverine
7147:PD-0298029
7142:PD-102,807
7122:Oxybutynin
7027:Mebeverine
6972:HL-031,120
6957:Hexbutinol
6899:Etanautine
6854:Difemerine
6834:Dexetimide
6784:Caramiphen
6739:Bornaprine
6689:tenilapine
6685:quetiapine
6673:olanzapine
6604:doxylamine
6584:clemastine
6572:captodiame
6530:Abediterol
6487:Xanomeline
6477:VU-0238429
6472:VU-0152100
6467:VU-0152099
6462:VU-0090157
6457:VU-0029767
6442:Tazomeline
6402:PD-151,832
6392:Ocvimeline
6377:Milameline
6352:LY-593,039
6317:Cevimeline
6262:Alvameline
6237:Aceclidine
6232:AC-260,584
6222:77-LH-28-1
6192:modulators
6139:Smoothened
6132:Smoothened
6055:Smoothened
5714:Calcitonin
4649:Tachykinin
4546:, but not
4540:Nociceptin
4406:Kisspeptin
4324:Endothelin
4287:Bradykinin
4175:Neuromedin
3752:Eicosanoid
3381:Purinergic
3313:Adrenergic
3020:2007-10-27
2724:2008-02-25
2048:2020-04-10
1999:2024-06-07
1986:StatPearls
1933:References
1815:Like the M
1724:Like the M
1616:heart rate
1520:oxybutynin
1399:oxybutynin
1294:locomotion
1260:tiotropium
1245:oxybutynin
1127:otherwise.
1103:Increased
1085:increased
1011:oxybutynin
876:heart rate
798:oxybutynin
742:Nebracetam
737:77-LH-28-1
587:Effectors
521:(CTX) and
497:G-proteins
495:See also:
451:subtypes.
327:G proteins
259:muscarinic
247:muscarinic
206:muscarinic
79:and other
67:that form
30:receptors.
7485:Tropacine
7403:cidoxepin
7373:Tofenacin
7343:mianserin
7335:amoxapine
7257:RU-47,213
7237:Quinidine
7197:Pizotifen
7157:Pethidine
7022:Mazaticol
7002:J-104,129
6967:Himbacine
6924:Flavoxate
6869:Drofenine
6744:Camylofin
6734:Biperiden
6709:Benzilone
6665:clozapine
6646:AQ-RA 741
6616:perlapine
6608:meclizine
6568:buclizine
6555:Anisodine
6540:AF-DX 384
6535:AF-DX 250
6382:Muscarine
6357:L-689,660
6347:Itameline
6332:Clozapine
6287:Carbachol
6272:Arecoline
6049:Class F:
5848:pheromone
5844:glutamate
5268:Olfactory
4304:Chemokine
4086:Succinate
3871:Bile acid
3679:Melatonin
3652:Histamine
3492:(all but
3484:Serotonin
3389:Adenosine
3291:Rhodopsin
2891:Biochimie
2562:7 January
2085:cite book
1481:carbachol
1345:carbachol
1340:arecoline
1190:carbachol
1180:arecoline
1125:mydriasis
1087:endocrine
1041:gallamine
967:muscarine
957:carbachol
947:arecoline
727:carbachol
722:muscarine
712:arecoline
651:Analgesia
590:Agonists
574:Function
337:that has
325:that use
290:nicotinic
279:nicotinic
108:muscarine
39:Muscarine
28:nicotinic
7657:See also
7599:lecithin
7575:prodrugs
7545:WIN-2299
7521:loxapine
7207:Pridinol
7067:Metixene
6824:DAU-5884
6804:CS-27349
6724:Bevonium
6693:zotepine
6681:rilapine
6651:Atropine
6312:CDD-0102
6307:CDD-0098
6302:CDD-0097
6297:CDD-0078
6292:CDD-0034
6267:AQRA-741
6252:AF150(S)
6214:Agonists
6073:Frizzled
6066:Frizzled
6051:Frizzled
5893:, type 2
5799:Secretin
5739:Glucagon
5444:Cadherin
5402:Adhesion
5389:Secretin
4722:, bitter
4569:Oxytocin
4266:Bombesin
3914:Estrogen
3615:Dopamine
3208:25413004
3173:18082893
3105:22001099
2911:11086210
2873:21906611
2826:DailyMed
2801:17583355
2665:11482763
2615:16751797
2557:30252390
2395:12432392
2352:20861438
2233:19110329
2151:21873996
2038:17073660
1994:32310369
1967:16879488
1877:See also
1851:atropine
1798:receptor
1755:receptor
1667:receptor
1645:muscle.
1600:receptor
1544:receptor
1495:atropine
1364:atropine
1215:atropine
1202:(in eye)
981:atropine
756:atropine
642:learning
402:, while
400:proteins
335:receptor
161:and the
142:Function
132:agonists
112:nicotine
110:than to
50:Atropine
7595:Choline
7507:(e.g.,
7427:doxepin
7385:(e.g.,
7333:(e.g.,
7309:(e.g.,
7202:Poldine
7162:pFHHSiD
7087:Nefopam
6889:EA-3834
6884:EA-3580
6879:EA-3443
6874:EA-3167
6729:BIBN 99
6663:(e.g.,
6562:(e.g.,
6387:NGX-267
6367:McNA343
6322:Choline
5862:, sweet
5837:Class C
5769:PACAPR1
5385:Class B
4594:Relaxin
4516:Motilin
4401:Ghrelin
4366:Galanin
4099:Peptide
3287:Class A
3085:Urology
3070:8645172
3061:1217289
2974:3436364
2853:Toxicon
2766:2041225
2714:1693682
2705:1190137
2634:Farmaco
2606:1751864
2403:4302881
2375:Bibcode
2343:3007668
2274:8449930
2225:1902986
2205:Bibcode
2197:Science
2182:9647869
2142:3177959
1865:), and
1843:Ligands
1588:) and G
1150:induce
1143:and/or
1099:stomach
896:AV node
890:reduce
880:reduce
732:McNA343
513:, and G
288:uses a
265:in the
77:neurons
71:in the
6864:Ditran
6515:4-DAMP
6492:YM-796
6257:AF267B
6201:mAChRs
6053:&
5982:GPRC6A
5719:CALCRL
5583:Orphan
4872:Orphan
4863:type 1
4554:Orexin
4542:&
4521:Opioid
4261:Apelin
3235:(MeSH)
3206:
3171:
3134:
3103:
3068:
3058:
2995:
2972:
2940:. 5.0.
2909:
2871:
2799:
2764:
2712:
2702:
2663:
2613:
2603:
2555:
2519:
2401:
2393:
2367:Nature
2350:
2340:
2298:
2272:
2231:
2223:
2180:
2149:
2139:
2073:
2036:
1992:
1965:
1632:atrial
1152:emesis
1121:miosis
886:atrium
331:ligand
281:type.
63:, are
61:mAChRs
7573:(and
7303:SSRIs
6227:AC-42
5902:Other
5869:TAS1R
5860:Taste
5758:GLP2R
5753:GLP1R
5706:Other
5571:ELTD1
5544:ADGRL
5502:ADGRG
5468:ADGRE
5439:ADGRC
5410:ADGRB
5391:-like
5273:Opsin
5255:Other
4729:TAS2R
4720:Taste
4548:Sigma
4530:Kappa
4525:Delta
4233:C5a (
4218:Other
3864:Other
3792:FPRL1
3760:CysLT
3578:Other
3529:5-HT2
3499:5-HT1
3494:5-HT3
3293:-like
2399:S2CID
2229:S2CID
1855:pupil
1819:and M
1677:The M
1610:The M
1445:CHRM5
1285:CHRM4
1066:CHRM3
874:slow
867:CHRM2
691:Slow
663:(yes)
658:(yes)
610:CHRM1
571:Gene
568:Type
537:and G
515:12/13
479:and M
432:and M
212:and M
155:brain
149:is a
81:cells
59:, or
7137:PBID
6839:DIBD
6412:RS86
6247:AF30
6007:RAIG
5915:GABA
5748:GIPR
5495:CD97
5343:SREB
5144:137B
5119:109B
5114:109A
4544:Zeta
4501:MCHR
4281:NMBR
4276:GRPR
4271:BRS3
3909:EBI2
3775:LTB4
3699:TAAR
3549:5-HT
3204:PMID
3169:PMID
3132:ISBN
3101:PMID
3066:PMID
2993:ISBN
2970:PMID
2907:PMID
2869:PMID
2835:2013
2797:PMID
2762:PMID
2710:PMID
2661:PMID
2611:PMID
2564:2020
2553:PMID
2517:ISBN
2391:PMID
2348:PMID
2296:ISBN
2270:PMID
2221:PMID
2178:PMID
2147:PMID
2091:link
2071:ISBN
2034:PMID
1990:PMID
1963:PMID
1871:COPD
1693:and
1586:cAMP
1556:EPSP
1097:and
1089:and
693:EPSP
644:and
618:EPSP
463:and
409:and
284:The
273:and
226:The
202:IPSP
194:EPSP
126:and
7393:),
6679:),
6001:179
5996:158
5991:156
5987:GPR
5774:GPR
5695:157
5690:155
5685:144
5680:143
5675:133
5670:128
5665:126
5660:125
5655:124
5650:123
5645:116
5640:115
5635:114
5630:113
5625:112
5620:111
5615:110
5591:GPR
5473:EMR
5312:RRH
5307:RGR
5302:1SW
5297:1MW
5292:1LW
5244:183
5239:182
5234:177
5229:176
5224:174
5219:173
5214:171
5209:162
5204:161
5199:160
5194:153
5189:152
5184:151
5179:150
5174:149
5169:148
5164:146
5159:142
5154:141
5149:139
5139:135
5134:132
5129:120
5124:119
5109:103
5104:101
4880:GPR
4416:MAS
4361:FSH
4229:C3a
4115:B/W
4051:PAF
3903:119
3889:GPR
3885:CB2
3880:CB1
3841:),
3818:),
3797:OXE
3414:P2Y
3403:A2B
3398:A2A
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