836:
1606:
364:
219:
54:
36:
1542:
1580:
854:
1490:
1452:
45:
1720:(October 2015). A Schedule 9 substance is a substance "which may be abused or misused, the manufacture, possession, sale or use of which should be prohibited by law except when required for medical or scientific research, or for analytical, teaching or training purposes with approval of Commonwealth and/or State or Territory Health Authorities."
643:
1297:. The psychoactive nature of muscimol necessitates stringent regulation and cautious usage to ensure safety. However, ongoing research aims to harness its medicinal benefits in a controlled context, highlighting the broader scientific interest in natural compounds as potential sources for novel medical treatments.
945:
Scientific studies have shown that dosing of the active ingredient muscimol is usually not precise as it has to be extracted from dried amanita mushroom. However, a psychoactive dose of muscimol is reported to be between 8 and 15 mg. As little as a gram of dried
Amanita muscaria button may
2803:
Zhao YL, Xu JL, Yi HY, Baba SS, Guo YX, Hou XM, Yuan XC, Li XH, Wang YY, Liang LL, Huo FQ (March 2024). "Activation of 5-HT5A receptor in the ventrolateral orbital cortex produces antinociceptive effects in rat models of neuropathic and inflammatory pain".
1699:. Its toxicity appears to be low when used in controlled environments, with no long-term damage observed in animal studies and human cases resolving without severe outcomes. However, caution is advised with its use due to its potent effects on the
2285:"Characterization of bicuculline/baclofen-insensitive (rho-like) gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. II. Pharmacology of gamma-aminobutyric acidA and gamma-aminobutyric acidB receptor agonists and antagonists"
3149:
Brehm L, Frydenvang K, Hansen LM, Norrby PO, Krogsgaard-Larsen P, Liljefors T (December 1997). "Structural features of muscimol, a potent GABAA receptor agonist, crystal structure and quantum chemicalab initio calculations".
569:
8248:
6197:
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1284:
in the brain, resulting in its sedative and hallucinogenic properties. Muscimol-based products are currently being investigated for their potential therapeutic applications, especially in the treatment of
6217:
2839:
Tiryaki ES, Arslan G, Günaydın C, Ayyıldız M, Ağar E (March 2024). "The role of HCN channels on the effects of T-type calcium channels and GABAA receptors in the absence epilepsy model of WAG/Rij rats".
1717:
550:
3063:
Eugster C, Müller G, Good R (January 1965). "Wirkstoffe aus amanita muscaria: ibotensaeure und muscazon" [The active ingredients from
Amanita muscaria: ibotenic acid and muscazone].
1900:
Heiss JD, Walbridge S, Rene'Smith RN, Sato S, Oldfield EH, Lonser RR (August 2012). "174 Convection-Enhanced
Delivery of Muscimol to the Epileptic FocusPreclinical and Clinical Research".
8241:
828:
The biochemical properties of muscimol make it a valuable tool for investigating GABAergic mechanisms. Its high affinity and specificity for GABA-A receptors allow researchers to study
1440:
Muscimol was synthesized in 1965 by
Gagneux, who utilized a bromo-isoxazole starting material in a two step reaction. 3-bromo-5-aminomethyl-isoxazole (1) was refluxed in a mixture of
1747:
9260:
8214:
6190:
6145:
5644:
2668:
Shokrnejad-namin T, Amini E, Khakpai F, Zarrindast MR (December 2024). "The additive effect between citalopram and muscimol upon induction of antinociceptive effect in male mice".
821:
and subsequent hyperpolarization of neurons. This results in decreased neuronal excitability, which is crucial for maintaining the balance between excitation and inhibition in the
5214:
1496:
Chemists report having struggled to reproduce these results. More dependable and scalable procedures have been developed, two examples being the syntheses of McCarry and Varasi.
1568:. 5-Chloromethyl-3-bromoisoxazole (8) was extracted with an experimental yield of 81%. 5-Aminomethyl-3-bromoisoxazole (9) was formed in 90% yield by the combination of (8) and
656:
8234:
8207:
5008:
3730:
2385:
Tamminga CA, Neophytides A, Chase TN, Frohman LA (December 1978). "Stimulation of prolactin and growth hormone secretion by muscimol, a gamma-aminobutyric acid agonist".
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6183:
5637:
5617:
4660:
4620:
2077:
949:
When consumed, a substantial percentage of muscimol goes un-metabolized and thus excreted in urine, a phenomenon exploited by
Siberian practitioners of the traditional
3548:
Farber NB, Jiang X, Dikranian K, Nemmers B (December 2003). "Muscimol prevents NMDA antagonist neurotoxicity by activating GABAA receptors in several brain regions".
2917:
Abramsohn Y, Peles E, Potik D, Schreiber S, Adelson M (September 2009). "Sense of
Coherence as a Stable Predictor for Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) Outcome".
3513:
Moss MJ, Hendrickson RG (February 2019). "Toxicity of muscimol and ibotenic acid containing mushrooms reported to a regional poison control center from 2002–2016".
1020:. By binding to GABA-A receptors, muscimol increases the inhibitory effects of GABA, leading to hyperpolarization of neurons and decreased neuronal excitability.
1771:
except for ornamental or aesthetic purposes. Except as a constituent of lawfully manufactured food or dietary supplements, the act outlaws preparations of the
2420:
De
Carolis AS, Lipparini F, Longo VG (January 1969). "Neuropharmacological investigations on muscimol, a psychotropic drug extracted from Amanita muscaria".
413:
1530:
of between 8.5 and 9, the isoxazole (5) was recovered in a 41% yield. Muscimol was formed in a 65% yield when (5) was dissolved in a saturated solution of
6134:
5808:
5606:
8814:
8673:
1548:
Varasi's synthesis is notable for its inexpensive starting materials and mild conditions. It begins with the combination of 2,3-Dichloro-1-propene (6),
8430:
3646:
7266:
906:
receptors are widely distributed in the brain, and so when muscimol is administered, it alters neuronal activity in multiple regions including the
4670:
1735:
2101:
Frølund B, Ebert B, Kristiansen U, Liljefors T, Krogsgaard-Larsen P (August 2002). "GABA(A) receptor ligands and their therapeutic potentials".
3723:
1426:
In instances where pure muscimol is not required, such as recreational or spiritual use, a crude extract is often prepared by simmering dried
7298:
4978:
2652:
2480:
2369:
2331:
2058:
6887:
4489:
2877:"Illicit Use of LSD or Psilocybin, but not MDMA or Nonpsychedelic Drugs, is Associated with Mystical Experiences in a Dose-Dependent Manner"
1562:
which is a well known precursor of bromo nitriloxyde, a reactive dipole for regioselective Diels-Alder cycloadditions, which forms in alkali
9296:
3219:
7206:
2136:
Quirk K, Whiting PJ, Ragan CI, McKernan RM (August 1995). "Characterisation of delta-subunit containing GABAA receptors from rat brain".
5951:
5043:
4494:
5116:
8943:
8544:
8135:
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5066:
3981:
1738:. This means that cultivation, possession, and distribution are unregulated by the United States Federal Government. The legality of
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4006:
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8884:
8735:
8577:
8391:
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6127:
5219:
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1159:
processes. By infusing muscimol, researchers observed significant changes in cortical activity, which are crucial for understanding
880:
748:, was able to significantly alleviate pain in its peak effect, recent studies from 2023 show. It has since been federally banned in
378:
5304:
3762:
5146:
5121:
9291:
1937:"Muscimol as a treatment for nerve injury-related neuropathic pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies"
9341:
8875:
8568:
8268:
8257:
3036:
Takemoto T, Nakajima T, Yokobe T, Sakuma R, Fujitani K, Aoyagi Y, Masaki Y (1964). "寄書" [Communication to the Editor].
535:
6762:
6468:
7120:
5189:
4948:
4650:
255:
5126:
2173:"GABAA receptor alpha 4 subunits mediate extrasynaptic inhibition in thalamus and dentate gyrus and the action of gaboxadol"
9218:
9122:
9035:
8963:
1984:
Chilton WS, Ott J (1976). "Toxic metabolites of
Amanita pantherina, A. cothurnata, A. muscaria and other Amanita species".
6868:
6206:
5276:
5131:
1420:
832:, neural circuit dynamics, and the overall role of GABAergic inhibition in various physiological and pathological states.
663:
9252:
8200:
6120:
5683:
5599:
1084:
595:
311:
7016:
5136:
5111:
4020:
3331:
Chiarino D, Napoletano M, Sala A (1986). "A convenient synthesis of muscimol by a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction".
2014:
Michelot D, Melendez-Howell LM (February 2003). "Amanita muscaria: chemistry, biology, toxicology, and ethnomycology".
7495:
5629:
5003:
4539:
4534:
4529:
2876:
1676:
included gastrointestinal upset, CNS excitation, but no deaths were reported. Most symptoms resolved within 24 hours.
342:
4524:
4519:
8425:
7288:
4913:
1617:
The toxicity and safety profile of
Muscimol have been studied in various contexts, both experimental and clinical.
6015:
5393:
5383:
5237:
4928:
4809:
3753:
2746:
R Alleviated
Cerebral Ischemic Injury via the Suppression of Oxidative Stress, Autophagy, and Apoptosis Pathways"
861:
which are shown superimposed in this image. Because of this similarity, muscimol binds to certain GABA-receptors.
226:
5793:
5194:
5061:
3976:
3946:
9331:
6987:
6921:
6251:
5967:
5913:
1625:
A study on nonhuman primates indicated that muscimol, when administered in escalating doses, caused reversible
1091:. This modulation is crucial in maintaining the balance between excitatory and inhibitory signals in the brain.
989:
858:
835:
5141:
2533:"Prototypic GABAA Receptor Agonist Muscimol Acts Preferentially Through Forebrain High-Affinity Binding Sites"
2284:
802:, the layer just below the skin of the cap contains the highest amount of muscimol, and is therefore the most
7133:
5174:
2463:
Kaur S, Singh S, Arora A, Ram P, Kumar S, Kumar P, Abed SN (2020). "Pharmacology of GABA and Its Receptors".
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8150:
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1762:
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963:
876:
214:
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8025:
7500:
7293:
7105:
7096:
5987:
5660:
4784:
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4379:
1700:
1294:
1173:: Muscimol's role in alleviating cerebral ischemic injury was explored, revealing its ability to suppress
1120:
1088:
1017:
985:
978:
822:
5834:
5708:
5543:
5159:
3811:
1557:
176:
8020:
6948:
6645:
5675:
4625:
2952:
Halpern J (March 2003). "Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder: what do we know after 50 years?".
1549:
1404:
919:
829:
609:
581:
66:
4424:
1656:, blocking seizures induced by various agents in animal models without causing significant toxicity at
3413:"Image-guided convection-enhanced delivery of muscimol to the primate brain: Laboratory investigation"
2049:
Chilton WS (1978). "Chemistry and Mode of Action of Mushroom Toxins". In Rumack BH, Salzman E (eds.).
992:, with which brainwave patterns generally show a desynchronization. In higher doses (2 mg/kg via
53:
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6858:
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5977:
5348:
5013:
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4015:
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2184:
1633:
at higher doses (up to 88.8 mM), but no long-term toxicity was observed on histological examination.
1240:
7530:
6655:
4354:
1758:
products after the agency had determined such products were considered adulterated under state law.
1594:
to generate 5-Aminomethyl-3-methoxyisoxazole (10) with a 66% yield. Subsequent reflux of (10) with
9311:
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9301:
9286:
8072:
7505:
6911:
6338:
6236:
5982:
5918:
5398:
5378:
4873:
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and muscimol as ingredients in food is unclear since neither are approved as food additives by the
1587:
1515:
1445:
1355:
1164:
1160:
1087:. This results in reduced neuronal firing rates, contributing to the overall calming effect on the
1048:
993:
605:
359:
124:
90:
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8656:
6972:
3460:
9326:
9316:
9223:
9213:
9127:
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9040:
9030:
8968:
8958:
8931:
8596:
8351:
8260:
8115:
7448:
7443:
7366:
7283:
7138:
7127:
6957:
6209:
6166:
6163:
5768:
5578:
4587:
4259:
4221:
3876:
3866:
3745:
3167:
3131:
2445:
1882:
1637:
1569:
1518:
to afford ethyl 4-chlorotetrolate (4) in a 70% yield. (4) was then added to a solution of water,
1507:
1416:
1338:
1142:
982:
931:
780:
136:
8926:
8641:
8371:
8366:
7884:
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7401:
7271:
7231:
6574:
4680:
4444:
2531:
Chandra D, Halonen LM, Linden AM, Procaccini C, Hellsten K, Homanics GE, Korpi ER (March 2010).
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8120:
8100:
8095:
8052:
7879:
7849:
7540:
7438:
7411:
7361:
7328:
7308:
7303:
7246:
7241:
7226:
7216:
7196:
7191:
6782:
6742:
6690:
6428:
6363:
6353:
6348:
5788:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5483:
5154:
4898:
3304:
Gagneux AR, Häfliger F, Eugster CH, Good R (January 1965). "Synthesis of pantherine (agarin)".
1688:
and is metabolized rapidly, suggesting that its toxicity is low when used in controlled doses.
1249:: Investigations into neural pathways for internal bias and sensory information interaction in
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5368:
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4033:
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2513:
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2402:
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1993:
1966:
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35:
8455:
8226:
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7911:
7906:
7901:
7433:
6853:
6328:
4690:
4449:
1350:. Structure was then elucidated by Takemoto, Eugster, and Bowden. Muscimol is a semi-rigid
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6848:
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6241:
6030:
5839:
5692:
5672:
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3004:
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2319:
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2202:
2192:
2171:
Chandra D, Jia F, Liang J, Peng Z, Suryanarayanan A, Werner DF, et al. (October 2006).
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2023:
1956:
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1909:
1866:
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1730:
1595:
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1204:
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1080:
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883:
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494:
436:
8336:
6523:
6175:
1935:
Ramawad HA, Paridari P, Jabermoradi S, Gharin P, Toloui A, Safari S, Yousefifard M (2023).
1579:
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8844:
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7580:
7416:
7251:
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6931:
6700:
6665:
6498:
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1200:
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1156:
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1040:
1036:
1029:
1005:
938:
receptor, and so its range of effects results from a combined action on more than one GABA
907:
899:
866:
733:
Muscimol went under clinical trial phase I for epilepsy, but the trial was discontinued.
196:
100:
2361:
1388:
by treatment with boiling water, followed by rapid cooling, and further treatment with a
1155:: Research on the role of the rat prelimbic cortex indicated that muscimol can influence
3627:
3358:
Bowden K, Crank G, Ross WJ (1968). "The synthesis of pantherine and related compounds".
3111:
2789:
2772:
2741:
2717:
2696:
2608:
2581:
2188:
1961:
1936:
1137:: Muscimol has been found to have antinociceptive effects when used in combination with
756:
review in the United States, but scientists believe it may relieve pain as well as some
363:
218:
9336:
7995:
7975:
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2557:
2532:
2323:
2260:
2231:
2230:
Benkherouf AY, Taina KR, Meera P, Aalto AJ, Li XG, Soini SL, et al. (April 2019).
2207:
2172:
1913:
1653:
1448:
for 30 hours, resulting in 3-methoxy-5-aminomethyl-isoxazole (2) with a yield of 60%.
1281:
1277:
1226:
1222:
741:
704:
634:
156:
3397:
3344:
3317:
3260:
3076:
2965:
2644:
2582:"Extrasynaptic δGABAA receptors mediate resistance to migraine-like phenotype in rats"
946:
contain this amount of muscimol; however, the potency varies greatly among mushrooms.
9280:
8774:
8621:
8445:
8361:
8311:
8165:
8160:
8140:
8000:
7965:
7820:
7815:
7805:
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7211:
6916:
6828:
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6712:
6680:
6539:
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6266:
6218:
6070:
6050:
6002:
5941:
5931:
5753:
5338:
5028:
4835:
4723:
4704:
4640:
4567:
4479:
4429:
4395:
4358:
4319:
4269:
4109:
4104:
4094:
4058:
3961:
3896:
3846:
3795:
3739:
2817:
2149:
1839:
1792:
1565:
1523:
1483:
1467:
1267:
1254:
1236:
967:
793:
483:
207:
3171:
2449:
1886:
625:
8663:
8529:
8524:
7955:
7785:
7755:
7660:
7625:
7560:
7545:
7323:
6824:
6797:
6752:
6549:
6535:
6503:
6453:
6408:
6035:
5733:
5295:
5266:
5260:
5071:
4858:
4821:
4817:
4739:
4635:
4323:
4298:
4274:
3996:
3801:
3561:
3135:
3049:
2930:
1626:
1412:
895:
853:
803:
720:
687:
601:
5824:
5713:
3526:
2496:
DeFeudis FV (October 1980). "Physiological and behavioral studies with muscimol".
697:
3098:
Bowden K, Drysdale AC, Mogey GA (June 1965). "Constituents of Amanita muscaria".
2895:
2681:
300:
8856:
8720:
8554:
8502:
8487:
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8130:
8110:
8080:
8010:
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7859:
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7605:
7600:
7590:
7510:
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7406:
7338:
7313:
7261:
7176:
7062:
7000:
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6393:
6281:
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4193:
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3861:
3841:
3791:
3601:
3583:
3032:イボテン酸の構造 [Structure of Ibotenic Acid] (in Japanese). pp. 1232–1233.
2472:
1716:
Muscimol is considered a Schedule 9 prohibited substance in Australia under the
1657:
1630:
1599:
1400:
1195:: Activation of 5-HT5A receptors in the ventrolateral orbital cortex, alongside
1058:
911:
20:
2853:
2598:
2177:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1857:
Johnston GA (October 2014). "Muscimol as an ionotropic GABA receptor agonist".
9198:
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7421:
7391:
7376:
7356:
7114:
7084:
7067:
7057:
6812:
6802:
6777:
6732:
6609:
6594:
6589:
6569:
6528:
6518:
6508:
6488:
6483:
6443:
6438:
6398:
6388:
6373:
6313:
6288:
6060:
6055:
6024:
6010:
5992:
5874:
5783:
5743:
5718:
5668:
5433:
5343:
5252:
5242:
5101:
4918:
4908:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4850:
4829:
4799:
4734:
4714:
4708:
4610:
4577:
4571:
4563:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4439:
4391:
4364:
4329:
4304:
4163:
4158:
4152:
4099:
4048:
4044:
3931:
3786:
3671:
3205:
2708:
2027:
1870:
1818:
1602:
generated muscimol with a yield of 62%. The overall synthetic yield was 30%.
1471:
1371:
1343:
1138:
915:
716:
516:
505:
470:
245:
187:
2114:
1921:
894:
receptor complex as GABA itself, as opposed to other GABAergic drugs such as
9183:
9097:
9084:
9007:
8916:
8903:
8861:
8769:
8764:
8725:
8616:
8611:
8440:
8415:
8326:
8321:
8306:
7980:
7970:
7928:
7854:
7844:
7770:
7765:
7725:
7700:
7695:
7645:
7620:
7550:
7525:
7515:
7490:
7485:
7475:
7351:
7236:
7221:
7201:
7186:
7181:
7072:
6897:
6892:
6838:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6675:
6584:
6579:
6554:
6463:
6403:
6383:
6378:
6368:
6358:
6333:
6261:
5997:
5859:
5798:
5568:
5563:
5553:
5513:
5458:
5443:
5423:
5418:
5403:
5199:
5169:
5076:
5056:
5051:
4903:
4825:
4759:
4729:
4700:
4630:
4615:
4582:
4549:
4313:
4289:
4247:
4239:
4198:
4188:
4172:
4168:
4144:
4129:
4124:
4084:
4001:
3986:
3951:
3941:
3926:
3901:
3881:
3836:
3428:
2197:
1503:
1489:
1463:
1451:
1351:
1182:
1178:
971:
950:
789:
785:
749:
727:
331:
3708:
3569:
3534:
3446:
3268:
3018:
2973:
2938:
2903:
2861:
2825:
2781:
2762:
2726:
2617:
2566:
2398:
2269:
2216:
2122:
2035:
1970:
1878:
3499:
3127:
3084:
2517:
2441:
2300:
2157:
9149:
8849:
8708:
8512:
8507:
8341:
8125:
7923:
7830:
7655:
7640:
7555:
7470:
7386:
7276:
7158:
7089:
7079:
6941:
6807:
6705:
6513:
5778:
5748:
5558:
5488:
5478:
5438:
5413:
5353:
5256:
5164:
4968:
4923:
4854:
4794:
4779:
4694:
4655:
4554:
4434:
4343:
4283:
4263:
4255:
4148:
4134:
4118:
4068:
3966:
3956:
3936:
3890:
3781:
3491:
3367:
2548:
2406:
1997:
1696:
1692:
1673:
1591:
1531:
1519:
1475:
1441:
1363:
1328:- Appearance: Typically, muscimol appears as a white crystalline powder.
1290:
1186:
1102:
1069:
1052:
712:
520:
3699:
3247:
Bowden K, Drysdale A (1965). "A novel constituent of Amanita muscaria".
2740:
Lan J, Wang J, Wang S, Wang J, Huang S, Wang Y, Ma Y (3 February 2024).
8539:
8534:
8519:
8356:
8169:
8015:
8005:
7985:
7940:
7426:
7041:
7026:
6992:
6926:
6817:
6695:
6413:
6343:
6323:
6271:
5849:
5738:
5463:
5448:
5358:
5271:
4998:
4958:
4953:
4878:
4789:
4769:
4685:
4514:
4509:
4334:
4074:
3990:
3971:
3806:
3384:
McCarry BE, Savard M (January 1981). "A facile synthesis of muscimol".
3163:
3009:
2988:
2509:
2433:
1669:
1573:
1500:
1408:
1396:
1347:
1286:
1128:
1032:
872:
769:
757:
737:
700:
287:
227:
44:
3119:
2251:
1952:
9142:
9079:
8759:
8754:
8713:
8606:
8601:
8045:
7945:
7318:
7049:
7031:
7008:
6303:
6298:
6223:
Tooltip α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor
5888:
5773:
5723:
5328:
4279:
4182:
3886:
1538:
and heated from 0 °C to 50 °C. The total yield was 18.7%.
1276:, has garnered significant interest due to its unique effects on the
1185:
pathways. This research underscores muscimol's potential in treating
167:
2580:
Alpay B, Cimen B, Akaydin E, Onat F, Bolay H, Sara Y (10 May 2024).
2078:"The Psychopharmacology of Muscimol: From Mushrooms to Neuroscience"
696:
and related species of mushroom. Muscimol is a potent and selective
633:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
5809:
275:
9188:
9117:
9089:
9012:
8921:
8908:
8829:
8819:
8688:
8678:
8477:
8420:
8040:
7465:
7256:
6982:
6792:
6318:
6308:
5373:
5023:
4749:
4599:
4215:
3831:
1685:
1553:
1511:
1392:
1367:
852:
834:
587:
147:
123:
113:
3379:
3377:
1411:
is freeze dried, dissolved in water, and passed down a column of
970:, oral doses of muscimol have been found to cause a rise of both
9178:
8824:
8683:
8549:
8472:
8410:
8296:
7933:
7760:
7346:
7333:
6967:
6787:
6757:
6747:
6660:
6493:
6458:
6448:
6246:
5844:
5468:
5281:
4963:
4933:
4675:
4665:
4605:
4595:
4591:
4178:
1684:
Studies on muscimol's distribution in rats showed it enters the
1009:
887:
817:, muscimol activates these receptors, leading to the opening of
814:
760:
without much of the risk of addiction associated with opioids.
621:
266:
8230:
6179:
6161:
5633:
3712:
7171:
4383:
3478:
Collins RC (June 1980). "Anticonvulsant effects of muscimol".
1743:
1695:
with higher doses leading to significant, but reversible, CNS
1061:
applications, making it a compound of significant interest in
784:(panther amanita). It is produced in the mushrooms along with
753:
3411:
Heiss JD, Walbridge S, Asthagiri AR, Lonser RR (April 2010).
1097:: Studies on migraine models demonstrated that extrasynaptic
3647:"Mood-altering mushroom sales bloom despite safety concerns"
1604:
1578:
1540:
1488:
1450:
1325:- Melting Point: It has a melting point of 175-177 °C.
768:
The main natural sources of muscimol are fungi of the genus
617:
347:
1527:
544:
488:
184 to 185 °C (363 to 365 °F; 457 to 458 K)
4979:
2695:
Palmer JA, White SR, Lopez KC, Laubach M (19 March 2024).
1640:
in mice is 3.8 mg/kg s.c, 2.5 mg/kg i.p. The LD
1499:
McCarry's synthesis is a three step synthesis involving a
1239:
regulation highlighted muscimol's potential in addressing
1145:. This additive effect highlights muscimol's potential in
809:
Muscimol is recognized as a potent agonist for ionotropic
788:(which is present in trace amounts and it is not active),
9160:
9061:
8989:
8885:
8736:
8578:
8392:
8278:
1734:
nor muscimol is considered a controlled substance by the
1322:- Water Solubility: Muscimol is highly soluble in water.
5952:
2072:
2070:
1668:
A retrospective review of muscimol poisoning cases from
19:"Pantherine" redirects here. For the cat subfamily, see
1253:
processes showed the significant impact of muscimol on
930:-delta receptors, it is also a partial agonist at the
918:. While muscimol is normally thought of as a selective
651:
7463:
Uncompetitive pore blockers (mostly dizocilpine site):
5305:
3763:
2314:
Peredy T, Bruce R (2014). "Mushrooms, Ibotenic Acid".
387:
InChI=1S/C4H6N2O2/c5-2-3-1-4(7)6-8-3/h1H,2,5H2,(H,6,7)
6869:
2989:"A Flycidal Constituent of Amanita pantherina (DC.) F
2697:"The role of rat prelimbic cortex in decision making"
1644:
in rats is 4.5 mg/kg i.v, 45 mg/kg orally.
1370:-like configuration. It is also commonly shown as a
1068:
The recent researches on muscimol highlight the next
726:. This colorless or white solid is classified as an
397:
InChI=1/C4H6N2O2/c5-2-3-1-4(7)6-8-3/h1H,2,5H2,(H,6,7)
2387:
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
1777:
intended for human consumption, including muscimol.
1105:-like phenotypes, offering new avenues for migraine
1057:
Ongoing research continues to uncover its potential
9158:
9059:
8987:
8883:
8874:
8734:
8576:
8567:
8390:
8276:
8267:
6867:
6625:
6216:
6090:
6083:
5950:
5896:
5887:
5814:
Tooltip Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter
5807:
5691:
5682:
5303:
5294:
4977:
3761:
3752:
1362:substituents. Muscimol is commonly portrayed as a
1266:Muscimol, a psychoactive compound derived from the
254:
1834:
1832:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3181:
2283:Woodward RM, Polenzani L, Miledi R (April 1993).
1514:, cooled to -40 °C, and treated with excess
2842:Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology
1382:Muscimol can be extracted from the flesh of the
977:During a test involving rabbits connected to an
857:GABA and muscimol molecules can have similar 3D-
299:
5898:
2236:receptors are high-affinity muscimol receptors"
1243:, emphasizing its role in GABAergic modulation.
988:tracing. This is substantially different from
813:. By mimicking the inhibitory neurotransmitter
99:
7121:
7106:
2465:Frontiers in Pharmacology of Neurotransmitters
8242:
6191:
5645:
3724:
1765:banned the possession and cultivation of the
1761:Muscimol may be regulated on a state level.
902:which bind to separate regulatory sites. GABA
890:. Muscimol binds to the same site on the GABA
8:
3284:"Amanita muscaria Preparation for Beginners"
2987:Onda M, Fukushima H, Akagawa M (June 1964).
2633:"Anti-Anxiety Agents and Sedative-Hypnotics"
996:), the EEG will show characteristic spikes.
5661:
3740:
2051:Mushroom Poisoning: Diagnosis and Treatment
1199:modulation by muscimol, showed significant
8880:
8573:
8273:
8249:
8235:
8227:
8208:Metabotropic glutamate receptor modulators
6198:
6184:
6176:
6158:
6087:
5893:
5688:
5652:
5638:
5630:
5300:
4988:Tooltip γ-Aminobutyric acid A-rho receptor
3758:
3731:
3717:
3709:
3360:Journal of the Chemical Society C: Organic
3220:"Cellulose Phosphate: Product Information"
362:
217:
195:
27:
9261:Glutamate metabolism/transport modulators
9168:Tooltip Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8
9069:Tooltip Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7
8997:Tooltip Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6
8893:Tooltip Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4
8744:Tooltip Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3
8586:Tooltip Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2
8400:Tooltip Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5
8286:Tooltip Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1
8215:Glutamate metabolism/transport modulators
6146:Glutamate metabolism/transport modulators
3436:
3008:
2771:
2761:
2716:
2607:
2597:
2556:
2259:
2206:
2196:
1960:
1270:found in certain mushrooms, particularly
1217:models, muscimol demonstrated effects on
1008:agonist, meaning it mimics the action of
319:
9257:Ionotropic glutamate receptor modulators
6627:
6046:Valproate semisodium (divalproex sodium)
5957:Tooltip γ-Aminobutyrate aminotransferase
5693:
926:with exceptionally high affinity to GABA
1810:
1736:Federal government of the United States
1510:. The acetylide (3), was dissolved in
1423:from alcohol results in pure muscimol.
981:, muscimol presented with a distinctly
418:
383:
358:
7938:Alcohols/volatile anesthetics/related:
5313:Tooltip γ-Aminobutyric acid B receptor
3771:Tooltip γ-Aminobutyric acid A receptor
2997:Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin
1458:(2) was then refluxed in concentrated
1342:by Onda in 1964, and thought to be an
1153:Decision Making and Cognitive Function
208:
78:Agarin, Pantherine, Agarine, Pantherin
7094:Other positive allosteric modulators:
6874:Tooltip N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor
3628:"Psychoactive Amanitas: Legal Status"
3299:
3297:
3192:"An Improved Synthesis of Muscimol".
2875:Lyvers M, Meester M (November 2012).
2637:Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry
2352:Goldstein A (2001). "Hallucinogens".
2103:Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
1101:agonists like muscimol could prevent
390:Key: ZJQHPWUVQPJPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
175:
155:
7:
5618:GABA metabolism/transport modulators
2009:
2007:
70:5-(Aminomethyl)-1,2-oxazol-3(2H)-one
8800:Pomaglumetad methionil (LY-2140023)
8652:Pomaglumetad methionil (LY-2140023)
7835:Ifenprodil (NR2B) site antagonists:
5734:Deramciclane (EGIS-3886, EGYT-3886)
4014:Positive modulators (abridged; see
1652:Muscimol has shown potential as an
1235:: Research into sex differences in
1079:: By mimicking GABA and binding to
400:Key: ZJQHPWUVQPJPQT-UHFFFAOYAI
290:
274:
6399:Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242)
2362:10.1093/oso/9780195146639.003.0014
2324:10.1016/B978-0-12-386454-3.00756-9
1914:10.1227/01.neu.0000417764.02569.dc
1621:Dose-Dependent Effects in Primates
1395:. This is washed with water, and
1004:Muscimol primarily functions as a
14:
5549:Homotaurine (tramiprosate, 3-APS)
5047:-Chloroacetylcytosine arabinoside
3842:Homotaurine (tramiprosate, 3-APS)
3461:"Psychoactive Amanitas Chemistry"
1691:Muscimol exhibits dose-dependent
1336:Muscimol was first isolated from
1318:Physical and Chemical Properties:
1141:, a selective serotonin reuptake
3602:"Controlled Substance Schedules"
2818:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109830
2586:The Journal of Headache and Pain
2138:European Journal of Pharmacology
1474:crystallized from a solution of
641:
454:
448:
52:
43:
34:
9196:Positive allosteric modulators:
9147:Negative allosteric modulators:
8936:Positive allosteric modulators:
8854:Negative allosteric modulators:
8718:Negative allosteric modulators:
8661:Positive allosteric modulators:
8517:Negative allosteric modulators:
8460:Positive allosteric modulators:
8258:Metabotropic glutamate receptor
7875:Rislenemdaz (CERC-301, MK-0657)
6822:Negative allosteric modulators:
6710:Positive allosteric modulators:
6533:Negative allosteric modulators:
6286:Positive allosteric modulators:
5903:Tooltip Glutamate decarboxylase
4841:Pentylenetetrazol (pentetrazol)
3282:Heinrich C (23 November 2008).
1754:actioned against one seller of
637:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
7111:Tooltip Dehydroepiandrosterone
6419:Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632)
6314:Farampator (CX-691, ORG-24448)
3562:10.1016/j.brainres.2003.09.002
3050:10.1248/yakushi1947.84.12_1230
2931:10.1080/02791072.2009.10400535
2639:. Vol. 20. pp. 1–9.
2631:Petrack B, Yokoyama N (1985).
2053:. CRC Press. pp. 87–124.
1225:, providing insights into its
460:
442:
1:
9253:Receptor/signaling modulators
8201:Receptor/signaling modulators
8050:Unknown/unsorted antagonists:
6614:Unknown/unsorted antagonists:
6207:Ionotropic glutamate receptor
6121:Receptor/signaling modulators
5600:Receptor/signaling modulators
4755:Isopregnanolone (sepranolone)
3527:10.1080/15563650.2018.1497169
3398:10.1016/S0040-4039(01)92445-1
3345:10.1016/S0040-4039(00)84748-6
3318:10.1016/S0040-4039(00)90157-6
3261:10.1016/s0040-4039(01)83973-3
3077:10.1016/s0040-4039(00)90133-3
2966:10.1016/S0376-8716(02)00306-X
2919:Journal of Psychoactive Drugs
2884:Journal of Psychoactive Drugs
2645:10.1016/S0065-7743(08)61027-1
1432:in water for thirty minutes.
1415:. A subsequent elution with
1123:depressant. This can lead to
6139:receptor positive modulators
5611:receptor positive modulators
4119:ergoloid (dihydroergotoxine)
3200:(13): 1939–1948. July 1992.
2896:10.1080/02791072.2012.736842
2682:10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.05.003
2150:10.1016/0922-4106(95)00061-5
1486:, resulting in a 50% yield.
1085:inhibitory neurotransmission
1077:Neurotransmission Modulation
9297:GABAA-rho receptor agonists
7899:NR2A-selective antagonists:
7431:Polyamine site antagonists:
6656:Acromelic acid (acromelate)
6242:Acromelic acid (acromelate)
5666:Tooltip γ-Aminobutyric acid
3676:Louisiana State Legislature
3588:The Government of Australia
2954:Drug and Alcohol Dependence
2473:10.1007/978-981-15-3556-7_8
1680:Distribution and Metabolism
1586:(9) was then refluxed with
16:Neurotransmission inhibitor
9358:
6339:Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
4810:Nonsteroidal antiandrogens
3608:. US Department of Justice
2854:10.1007/s00424-023-02900-1
2599:10.1186/s10194-024-01777-4
2316:Encyclopedia of Toxicology
1941:The Korean Journal of Pain
1135:Antinociceptive Properties
1115:: By enhancing inhibitory
879:for the brain's principal
686:) is one of the principal
18:
9246:
8785:LY-404,039 (pomaglumetad)
8632:LY-404,039 (pomaglumetad)
8192:
7281:Glycine site antagonists:
6173:
6112:
5968:3-Hydrazinopropionic acid
5591:
3206:10.1080/00397919208021324
2709:10.1101/2024.03.18.585593
2670:IBRO Neuroscience Reports
2240:Journal of Neurochemistry
2028:10.1017/S0953756203007305
1871:10.1007/s11064-014-1245-y
1672:mushrooms indicated that
1648:Anticonvulsant Properties
990:serotonergic psychedelics
844:, which contains muscimol
631:
568:
563:
529:
429:
409:
374:
83:
75:
65:
60:
51:
42:
33:
8664:JNJ-40411813 (ADX-71149)
7169:Competitive antagonists:
7077:Polyamine site agonists:
7063:Neboglamine (nebostinel)
6632:Tooltip Kainate receptor
6128:GABA receptor modulators
5914:3-Mercaptopropionic acid
5698:Tooltip GABA transporter
4359:sulfonmethane (sulfonal)
3194:Synthetic Communications
2115:10.2174/1568026023393525
1171:Cerebral Ischemic Injury
596:Precautionary statements
556:in general, uncontrolled
9292:GABAA receptor agonists
8151:Pentamidine isethionate
7895:Traxoprodil (CP-101606)
7134:Epipregnanolone sulfate
3429:10.3171/2009.7.JNS09652
3417:Journal of Neurosurgery
2742:"The Activation of GABA
2537:Neuropsychopharmacology
2198:10.1073/pnas.0604304103
1763:Louisiana State Act 159
1262:Muscimol-based products
1233:Substance Use Disorders
1219:T-type calcium channels
1213:: In studies involving
9342:Human drug metabolites
8181:Allosteric modulators:
8116:Ipenoxazone (MLV-6976)
7771:Pethidine (meperidine)
7392:Licostinel (ACEA-1021)
7314:Apimostinel (NRX-1074)
6978:Apimostinel (NRX-1074)
6946:Glycine site agonists:
6778:Licostinel (ACEA-1021)
6489:Licostinel (ACEA-1021)
6374:Mibampator (LY-451395)
5238:5α-Dihydroprogesterone
4785:Morphine-3-glucuronide
4445:Hyenachin (mellitoxin)
4330:Retigabine (ezogabine)
3672:"Louisiana Act No 159"
3645:Sam O (May 31, 2023).
3606:deadiversion.usdoj.gov
2763:10.3390/antiox13020194
2498:Neurochemical Research
2399:10.1210/jcem-47-6-1348
2348:Another Magic Mushroom
2289:Molecular Pharmacology
1859:Neurochemical Research
1823:The Merck Index Online
1748:agriculture regulators
1701:central nervous system
1609:
1583:
1545:
1526:at -35 °C. At a
1493:
1482:after the addition of
1455:
1295:neurological disorders
1207:and inflammatory pain.
1018:central nervous system
1012:, the main inhibitory
862:
845:
823:central nervous system
553:(Prohibited substance)
7850:CO-101244 (PD-174494)
7566:Delucemine (NPS-1506)
7516:Alazocine (SKF-10047)
4626:Chlorophenylsilatrane
2703:: 2024.03.18.585593.
2232:"Extrasynaptic δ-GABA
1664:Human Poisoning Cases
1608:
1582:
1550:potassium bicarbonate
1544:
1492:
1454:
1405:column chromatography
1366:, where it adopts an
1247:Neurological Pathways
1203:effects in models of
1119:, muscimol acts as a
1095:Migraine and Headache
865:Muscimol is a potent
856:
838:
830:synaptic transmission
7870:Radiprodil (RGH-896)
7845:Buphenine (nylidrin)
7422:Rapastinel (GLYX-13)
7237:Midafotel (d-CPPene)
7144:Pregnenolone sulfate
7068:Rapastinel (GLYX-13)
6859:Pregnenolone sulfate
6600:Pregnenolone sulfate
5576:Negative modulators:
5456:Positive modulators:
5349:Arbaclofen placarbil
5235:Negative modulators:
5084:Positive modulators:
4869:Pregnenolone sulfate
4505:17-Phenylandrostenol
4487:Negative modulators:
4372:constituents (e.g.,
4342:constituents (e.g.,
4204:Neuroactive steroids
4181:constituents (e.g.,
3917:Neuroactive steroids
3492:10.1212/wnl.30.6.575
3368:10.1039/j39680000172
3152:Structural Chemistry
2549:10.1038/npp.2009.203
2467:. pp. 241–292.
2356:. pp. 219–232.
2318:. pp. 412–413.
2016:Mycological Research
1564:), all dissolved in
1280:. Muscimol binds to
1241:cocaine use disorder
1083:, muscimol enhances
1035:, has shown diverse
974:and growth hormone.
964:Huntington's disease
7101:-Hydroxycholesterol
6912:Homoquinolinic acid
6885:Main site agonists:
6643:Main site agonists:
6237:5-Fluorowillardiine
6234:Main site agonists:
5835:Chicago sky blue 6B
5709:4-Aminovaleric acid
5165:Gabazine (SR-95531)
5155:CGP-36742 (SGS-742)
4863:dihydropicrotoxinin
4588:Bicyclic phosphates
4500:11-Ketoprogesterone
4435:Gabazine (SR-95531)
4260:pyrazolopyrimidines
3651:Health News Florida
3515:Clinical Toxicology
3386:Tetrahedron Letters
3333:Tetrahedron Letters
3306:Tetrahedron Letters
3249:Tetrahedron Letters
3112:1965Natur.206.1359B
3065:Tetrahedron Letters
2422:Psychopharmacologia
2189:2006PNAS..10315230C
2183:(41): 15230–15235.
2082:Technology Networks
1588:potassium hydroxide
1558:dibromoformaldoxime
1516:ethyl chloroformate
1446:potassium hydroxide
1413:cellulose phosphate
1165:cognitive disorders
1161:cognitive functions
1049:cognitive functions
1000:Mechanism of action
495:Solubility in water
478: g·mol
137:Beilstein Reference
30:
7449:Diethylenetriamine
7128:prasterone sulfate
6903:Homocysteic acid (
6646:5-Bromowillardiine
6164:Glutamate receptor
4686:FG-7142 (ZK-31906)
4232:Nonbenzodiazepines
3584:"Poisons Standard"
3164:10.1007/BF02311703
3106:(991): 1359–1360.
3010:10.1248/cpb.12.751
2510:10.1007/bf00966163
2434:10.1007/BF00411168
1638:median lethal dose
1610:
1584:
1570:ammonium hydroxide
1546:
1508:propargyl chloride
1494:
1456:
1436:Chemical synthesis
1417:ammonium hydroxide
1339:Amanita pantherina
1113:Depressant Effects
942:receptor subtype.
863:
846:
781:Amanita pantherina
664:Infobox references
28:
9274:
9273:
9268:
9267:
9242:
9241:
9191:
9092:
9015:
8911:
8870:
8869:
8563:
8562:
8224:
8223:
8075:
8031:Trichloroethylene
7976:Ethanol (alcohol)
7341:
7284:4-Cl-KYN (AV-101)
7052:
7044:
7011:
7003:
6995:
6952:
6937:Tetrazolylglycine
6906:
6844:Ethanol (alcohol)
6833:sodium thiopental
6651:5-Iodowillardiine
6560:Ethanol (alcohol)
6544:sodium thiopental
6155:
6154:
6108:
6107:
6079:
6078:
6041:Valproate pivoxil
6005:
5978:γ-Acetylenic-GABA
5883:
5882:
5627:
5626:
5587:
5586:
5509:2-Hydroxysaclofen
5290:
5289:
5180:Isonipecotic acid
4545:Anabolic steroids
4515:α5IA (LS-193,268)
4425:Dihydrosecurinine
4310:Pyrazolopyridines
4079:potassium bromide
4077:compounds (e.g.,
4040:Anabolic steroids
4018:for a full list):
3872:Isonipecotic acid
3392:(51): 5153–5156.
3339:(27): 3181–3182.
3312:(25): 2077–2079.
3120:10.1038/2061359a0
3071:(23): 1813–1815.
3044:(12): 1230–1236.
2806:Neuropharmacology
2654:978-0-12-040520-6
2504:(10): 1047–1068.
2482:978-981-15-3555-0
2371:978-0-19-514663-9
2333:978-0-12-386455-0
2252:10.1111/jnc.14646
2060:978-0-8493-5185-3
2022:(Pt 2): 131–146.
1953:10.3344/kjp.23161
1865:(10): 1942–1947.
1788:Neurotransmission
1536:anhydrous ammonia
1460:hydrochloric acid
1421:recrystallization
1312:Molecular Weight:
1306:Chemical Formula:
1125:muscle relaxation
1117:neurotransmission
1063:neuropharmacology
962:In patients with
875:, activating the
819:chloride channels
778:(fly agaric) and
713:sedative-hypnotic
672:Chemical compound
670:
669:
582:Hazard statements
548:
511:slightly soluble
343:CompTox Dashboard
125:Interactive image
9349:
9189:
9169:
9165:
9090:
9070:
9066:
9013:
8998:
8994:
8909:
8894:
8890:
8881:
8745:
8741:
8587:
8583:
8574:
8401:
8397:
8287:
8283:
8274:
8251:
8244:
8237:
8228:
8073:
8026:Trichloroethanol
7586:Dextromethorphan
7339:
7123:
7112:
7108:
7050:
7042:
7009:
7001:
6993:
6950:
6904:
6875:
6871:
6633:
6629:
6464:Fanapanel (MPQX)
6224:
6220:
6200:
6193:
6186:
6177:
6159:
6088:
6031:Sodium valproate
6003:
5958:
5954:
5926:
5904:
5900:
5894:
5815:
5811:
5699:
5695:
5689:
5667:
5663:
5654:
5647:
5640:
5631:
5334:4-Fluorophenibut
5314:
5310:
5301:
5170:Gaboxadol (THIP)
5087:Allopregnanolone
4989:
4985:
4720:Fluoroquinolones
4475:Thiocolchicoside
4295:Piperidinediones
4252:imidazopyridines
4208:allopregnanolone
4115:Dihydroergolines
4030:drinking alcohol
3921:allopregnanolone
3837:Gaboxadol (THIP)
3772:
3768:
3759:
3742:
3733:
3726:
3719:
3710:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3668:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3657:
3642:
3636:
3635:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3598:
3592:
3591:
3580:
3574:
3573:
3545:
3539:
3538:
3510:
3504:
3503:
3475:
3469:
3468:
3457:
3451:
3450:
3440:
3408:
3402:
3401:
3381:
3372:
3371:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3328:
3322:
3321:
3301:
3292:
3291:
3279:
3273:
3272:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3224:
3216:
3210:
3209:
3189:
3176:
3175:
3146:
3140:
3139:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3060:
3054:
3053:
3033:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3012:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2881:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2775:
2765:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2720:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2611:
2601:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2560:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2393:(6): 1348–1351.
2382:
2376:
2375:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2263:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2210:
2200:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2074:
2065:
2064:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2011:
2002:
2001:
1992:(2–3): 150–157.
1981:
1975:
1974:
1964:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1836:
1827:
1826:
1815:
1774:Amanita muscaria
1768:Amanita muscaria
1740:Amanita muscaria
1731:Amanita muscaria
1718:Poisons Standard
1596:hydrobromic acid
1429:Amanita muscaria
1385:Amanita muscaria
1354:containing both
1273:Amanita muscaria
1215:absence epilepsy
1205:neuropathic pain
1175:oxidative stress
1081:GABA-A receptors
1014:neurotransmitter
956:Amanita muscaria
884:neurotransmitter
841:Amanita muscaria
811:GABA-A receptors
775:Amanita muscaria
693:Amanita muscaria
690:constituents of
654:
648:
645:
644:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
589:
546:
543:
477:
462:
456:
450:
444:
437:Chemical formula
367:
366:
351:
349:
323:
303:
292:
278:
258:
229:
221:
210:
199:
179:
159:
127:
103:
56:
47:
38:
31:
9357:
9356:
9352:
9351:
9350:
9348:
9347:
9346:
9332:Anticonvulsants
9277:
9276:
9275:
9270:
9269:
9264:
9238:
9167:
9164:
9154:
9068:
9065:
9055:
8996:
8993:
8983:
8892:
8889:
8866:
8743:
8740:
8730:
8585:
8582:
8559:
8451:Quisqualic acid
8399:
8396:
8386:
8317:Quisqualic acid
8285:
8282:
8263:
8255:
8225:
8220:
8188:
8086:Flufenamic acid
8021:Trichloroethane
7796:Rhynchophylline
7716:Methoxphenidine
7681:Levomilnacipran
7581:Dextromethadone
7506:α-Endopsychosin
7110:
7022:Dimethylglycine
6932:Quinolinic acid
6873:
6863:
6701:Quisqualic acid
6631:
6621:
6277:Quisqualic acid
6222:
6212:
6204:
6169:
6156:
6151:
6138:
6104:
6075:
6021:Rosmarinic acid
5956:
5946:
5924:
5902:
5879:
5813:
5803:
5697:
5678:
5665:
5658:
5628:
5623:
5610:
5583:
5312:
5309:
5286:
5014:Homohypotaurine
4987:
4983:
4973:
4846:Phenylsilatrane
4388:chloral hydrate
4355:Sulfonylalkanes
4244:cyclopyrrolones
4065:Benzodiazepines
3817:Dihydromuscimol
3770:
3767:
3748:
3737:
3696:
3691:
3690:
3680:
3678:
3670:
3669:
3665:
3655:
3653:
3644:
3643:
3639:
3626:
3625:
3621:
3611:
3609:
3600:
3599:
3595:
3590:. October 2015.
3582:
3581:
3577:
3556:(1–2): 90–100.
3547:
3546:
3542:
3512:
3511:
3507:
3477:
3476:
3472:
3459:
3458:
3454:
3410:
3409:
3405:
3383:
3382:
3375:
3357:
3356:
3352:
3330:
3329:
3325:
3303:
3302:
3295:
3281:
3280:
3276:
3255:(12): 727–728.
3246:
3245:
3241:
3231:
3229:
3222:
3218:
3217:
3213:
3191:
3190:
3179:
3148:
3147:
3143:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3040:(in Japanese).
3038:Yakugaku Zasshi
3035:
3031:
3030:
3026:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2879:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2655:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2543:(4): 999–1007.
2530:
2529:
2525:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2483:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2372:
2351:
2345:
2341:
2334:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2086:
2084:
2076:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2013:
2012:
2005:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1838:
1837:
1830:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1798:GABA-A receptor
1783:
1726:
1714:
1709:
1682:
1666:
1650:
1643:
1623:
1615:
1480:tetrahydrofuran
1438:
1380:
1334:
1303:
1264:
1251:decision-making
1211:Epilepsy Models
1201:antinociceptive
1197:GABA-A receptor
1193:Pain Management
1157:decision-making
1147:pain management
1127:, reduction in
1099:GABA-A receptor
1047:to influencing
1045:pain management
1041:neuroprotection
1037:pharmacological
1030:GABA-A receptor
1028:Muscimol, as a
1026:
1006:GABA-A receptor
1002:
941:
935:
929:
923:
908:cerebral cortex
905:
900:benzodiazepines
893:
870:
851:
766:
752:and is pending
745:
708:
678:(also known as
673:
666:
661:
660:
659: ?)
650:
646:
642:
638:
598:
584:
559:
497:
475:
465:
459:
453:
447:
439:
425:
422:
417:
416:
405:
402:
401:
398:
392:
391:
388:
382:
381:
370:
352:
345:
326:
306:
293:
281:
261:
248:
239:
202:
182:
162:
139:
130:
117:
106:
93:
79:
71:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9355:
9353:
9345:
9344:
9339:
9334:
9329:
9324:
9319:
9314:
9309:
9304:
9299:
9294:
9289:
9279:
9278:
9272:
9271:
9266:
9265:
9247:
9244:
9243:
9240:
9239:
9237:
9236:
9231:
9226:
9221:
9216:
9211:
9202:
9201:
9186:
9181:
9172:
9170:
9162:
9156:
9155:
9153:
9152:
9140:
9135:
9130:
9125:
9120:
9115:
9110:
9101:
9100:
9095:
9087:
9082:
9073:
9071:
9063:
9057:
9056:
9054:
9053:
9048:
9043:
9038:
9033:
9028:
9019:
9018:
9010:
9001:
8999:
8991:
8985:
8984:
8982:
8981:
8976:
8971:
8966:
8961:
8956:
8947:
8946:
8941:
8929:
8924:
8919:
8914:
8906:
8897:
8895:
8887:
8878:
8872:
8871:
8868:
8867:
8865:
8864:
8859:
8847:
8842:
8837:
8832:
8827:
8822:
8817:
8808:
8807:
8802:
8797:
8792:
8787:
8782:
8777:
8772:
8767:
8762:
8757:
8748:
8746:
8738:
8732:
8731:
8729:
8728:
8723:
8711:
8706:
8701:
8696:
8691:
8686:
8681:
8676:
8667:
8666:
8654:
8649:
8644:
8639:
8634:
8629:
8624:
8619:
8614:
8609:
8604:
8599:
8590:
8588:
8580:
8571:
8565:
8564:
8561:
8560:
8558:
8557:
8552:
8547:
8542:
8537:
8532:
8527:
8522:
8510:
8505:
8500:
8495:
8490:
8485:
8480:
8475:
8466:
8465:
8453:
8448:
8443:
8438:
8433:
8428:
8423:
8418:
8413:
8404:
8402:
8394:
8388:
8387:
8385:
8384:
8379:
8374:
8369:
8364:
8359:
8354:
8345:
8344:
8339:
8334:
8329:
8324:
8319:
8314:
8309:
8304:
8299:
8290:
8288:
8280:
8271:
8265:
8264:
8256:
8254:
8253:
8246:
8239:
8231:
8222:
8221:
8219:
8218:
8211:
8204:
8193:
8190:
8189:
8187:
8186:
8174:
8173:
8163:
8158:
8153:
8148:
8143:
8138:
8133:
8128:
8123:
8118:
8113:
8108:
8103:
8098:
8093:
8088:
8083:
8078:
8070:
8065:
8060:
8055:
8043:
8038:
8033:
8028:
8023:
8018:
8013:
8008:
8003:
7998:
7996:Methoxyflurane
7993:
7988:
7983:
7978:
7973:
7968:
7963:
7958:
7953:
7948:
7943:
7931:
7926:
7914:
7909:
7904:
7892:
7887:
7882:
7877:
7872:
7867:
7862:
7857:
7852:
7847:
7842:
7837:
7828:
7823:
7818:
7813:
7808:
7803:
7798:
7793:
7788:
7783:
7778:
7773:
7768:
7763:
7758:
7753:
7748:
7743:
7741:Nitromemantine
7738:
7733:
7728:
7723:
7718:
7713:
7708:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7688:
7683:
7678:
7676:Levomethorphan
7673:
7668:
7663:
7658:
7653:
7648:
7643:
7638:
7633:
7628:
7623:
7618:
7613:
7608:
7603:
7598:
7596:Dieticyclidine
7593:
7588:
7583:
7578:
7576:Dextrallorphan
7573:
7568:
7563:
7558:
7553:
7548:
7543:
7538:
7533:
7531:Argiotoxin-636
7528:
7523:
7518:
7513:
7508:
7503:
7498:
7493:
7488:
7483:
7478:
7473:
7468:
7456:
7451:
7446:
7444:Diaminopropane
7441:
7436:
7424:
7419:
7414:
7409:
7404:
7399:
7394:
7389:
7384:
7379:
7374:
7372:Kynurenic acid
7369:
7364:
7359:
7354:
7349:
7344:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7316:
7311:
7306:
7301:
7296:
7291:
7286:
7274:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7194:
7189:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7162:
7161:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7118:
7103:
7087:
7082:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7055:
7047:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7006:
6998:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6965:
6960:
6955:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6900:
6895:
6890:
6878:
6876:
6865:
6864:
6862:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6815:
6810:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6773:Kynurenic acid
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6736:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6636:
6634:
6623:
6622:
6620:
6619:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6479:Kynurenic acid
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6422:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6227:
6225:
6214:
6213:
6205:
6203:
6202:
6195:
6188:
6180:
6174:
6171:
6170:
6162:
6153:
6152:
6150:
6149:
6142:
6136:
6131:
6124:
6117:
6113:
6110:
6109:
6106:
6105:
6103:
6102:
6096:
6094:
6092:Antivitamin B6
6085:
6081:
6080:
6077:
6076:
6074:
6073:
6064:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5961:
5959:
5948:
5947:
5945:
5944:
5935:
5934:
5929:
5921:
5916:
5907:
5905:
5891:
5885:
5884:
5881:
5880:
5878:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5865:Nipecotic acid
5862:
5857:
5855:N-Butyric acid
5852:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5830:Bafilomycin A1
5827:
5818:
5816:
5805:
5804:
5802:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5764:Nipecotic acid
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5702:
5700:
5686:
5680:
5679:
5659:
5657:
5656:
5649:
5642:
5634:
5625:
5624:
5622:
5621:
5614:
5608:
5603:
5596:
5592:
5589:
5588:
5585:
5584:
5582:
5581:
5572:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5502:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5452:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5429:Sodium oxybate
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5324:1,4-Butanediol
5317:
5315:
5307:
5298:
5292:
5291:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5231:
5230:
5225:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5105:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5080:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4992:
4990:
4981:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4717:
4712:
4698:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4568:cephalosporins
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4483:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4408:
4407:
4377:
4374:valerenic acid
4367:
4362:
4352:
4347:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4320:Quinazolinones
4317:
4307:
4302:
4292:
4287:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4176:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4142:
4139:mefenamic acid
4132:
4127:
4122:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4082:
4072:
4062:
4052:
4042:
4037:
4023:
4010:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3789:
3784:
3775:
3773:
3765:
3756:
3750:
3749:
3738:
3736:
3735:
3728:
3721:
3713:
3707:
3706:
3695:
3694:External links
3692:
3689:
3688:
3663:
3637:
3619:
3593:
3575:
3550:Brain Research
3540:
3505:
3486:(6): 575–581.
3470:
3452:
3423:(4): 790–795.
3403:
3373:
3350:
3323:
3293:
3274:
3239:
3211:
3177:
3158:(6): 443–451.
3141:
3090:
3055:
3024:
2990:
2979:
2960:(2): 109–119.
2944:
2925:(3): 249–253.
2909:
2890:(5): 410–417.
2867:
2848:(3): 337–350.
2831:
2795:
2743:
2732:
2687:
2660:
2653:
2623:
2572:
2523:
2488:
2481:
2455:
2428:(3): 186–195.
2412:
2377:
2370:
2339:
2332:
2306:
2295:(4): 609–625.
2275:
2233:
2222:
2163:
2144:(3): 175–181.
2128:
2109:(8): 817–832.
2093:
2066:
2059:
2041:
2003:
1976:
1947:(4): 425–440.
1927:
1892:
1849:
1828:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1725:
1722:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1681:
1678:
1665:
1662:
1654:anticonvulsant
1649:
1646:
1641:
1622:
1619:
1614:
1611:
1506:produced from
1437:
1434:
1379:
1376:
1333:
1330:
1302:
1299:
1282:GABA receptors
1278:nervous system
1263:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1244:
1230:
1227:anticonvulsant
1223:GABA receptors
1208:
1190:
1168:
1150:
1132:
1110:
1092:
1039:effects, from
1025:
1022:
1001:
998:
939:
933:
927:
921:
903:
891:
868:
850:
847:
765:
762:
743:
724:psychoactivity
721:hallucinogenic
706:
671:
668:
667:
662:
640:
639:
635:standard state
632:
629:
628:
599:
594:
591:
590:
585:
580:
577:
576:
566:
565:
561:
560:
558:
557:
554:
540:
538:
532:
531:
527:
526:
523:
513:
512:
509:
502:
501:
498:
493:
490:
489:
486:
480:
479:
473:
467:
466:
463:
457:
451:
445:
440:
435:
432:
431:
427:
426:
424:
423:
420:
412:
411:
410:
407:
406:
404:
403:
399:
396:
395:
393:
389:
386:
385:
377:
376:
375:
372:
371:
369:
368:
355:
353:
341:
338:
337:
334:
328:
327:
325:
324:
316:
314:
308:
307:
305:
304:
296:
294:
286:
283:
282:
280:
279:
271:
269:
263:
262:
260:
259:
251:
249:
244:
241:
240:
238:
237:
233:
231:
223:
222:
212:
204:
203:
201:
200:
192:
190:
184:
183:
181:
180:
172:
170:
164:
163:
161:
160:
152:
150:
144:
143:
140:
135:
132:
131:
129:
128:
120:
118:
111:
108:
107:
105:
104:
96:
94:
89:
86:
85:
81:
80:
77:
73:
72:
69:
63:
62:
58:
57:
49:
48:
40:
39:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9354:
9343:
9340:
9338:
9335:
9333:
9330:
9328:
9325:
9323:
9320:
9318:
9315:
9313:
9310:
9308:
9305:
9303:
9300:
9298:
9295:
9293:
9290:
9288:
9285:
9284:
9282:
9263:
9262:
9258:
9254:
9251:
9245:
9235:
9232:
9230:
9227:
9225:
9222:
9220:
9217:
9215:
9212:
9210:
9207:
9204:
9203:
9200:
9197:
9193:
9187:
9185:
9182:
9180:
9177:
9174:
9173:
9171:
9166:
9157:
9151:
9148:
9144:
9141:
9139:
9136:
9134:
9131:
9129:
9126:
9124:
9121:
9119:
9116:
9114:
9111:
9109:
9106:
9103:
9102:
9099:
9096:
9094:
9088:
9086:
9083:
9081:
9078:
9075:
9074:
9072:
9067:
9058:
9052:
9049:
9047:
9044:
9042:
9039:
9037:
9034:
9032:
9029:
9027:
9024:
9021:
9020:
9017:
9011:
9009:
9006:
9003:
9002:
9000:
8995:
8986:
8980:
8977:
8975:
8972:
8970:
8967:
8965:
8962:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8952:
8949:
8948:
8945:
8942:
8940:
8937:
8933:
8930:
8928:
8925:
8923:
8920:
8918:
8915:
8913:
8907:
8905:
8902:
8899:
8898:
8896:
8891:
8882:
8879:
8877:
8873:
8863:
8860:
8858:
8855:
8851:
8848:
8846:
8843:
8841:
8838:
8836:
8833:
8831:
8828:
8826:
8823:
8821:
8818:
8816:
8813:
8810:
8809:
8806:
8803:
8801:
8798:
8796:
8793:
8791:
8788:
8786:
8783:
8781:
8778:
8776:
8775:Ibotenic acid
8773:
8771:
8768:
8766:
8763:
8761:
8758:
8756:
8753:
8750:
8749:
8747:
8742:
8733:
8727:
8724:
8722:
8719:
8715:
8712:
8710:
8707:
8705:
8702:
8700:
8697:
8695:
8692:
8690:
8687:
8685:
8682:
8680:
8677:
8675:
8672:
8669:
8668:
8665:
8662:
8658:
8655:
8653:
8650:
8648:
8645:
8643:
8640:
8638:
8635:
8633:
8630:
8628:
8625:
8623:
8622:Ibotenic acid
8620:
8618:
8615:
8613:
8610:
8608:
8605:
8603:
8600:
8598:
8595:
8592:
8591:
8589:
8584:
8575:
8572:
8570:
8566:
8556:
8553:
8551:
8548:
8546:
8543:
8541:
8538:
8536:
8533:
8531:
8528:
8526:
8523:
8521:
8518:
8514:
8511:
8509:
8506:
8504:
8501:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8491:
8489:
8486:
8484:
8481:
8479:
8476:
8474:
8471:
8468:
8467:
8464:
8461:
8457:
8454:
8452:
8449:
8447:
8446:Ibotenic acid
8444:
8442:
8439:
8437:
8434:
8432:
8429:
8427:
8424:
8422:
8419:
8417:
8414:
8412:
8409:
8406:
8405:
8403:
8398:
8389:
8383:
8380:
8378:
8375:
8373:
8370:
8368:
8365:
8363:
8362:Cyclothiazide
8360:
8358:
8355:
8353:
8350:
8347:
8346:
8343:
8340:
8338:
8335:
8333:
8330:
8328:
8325:
8323:
8320:
8318:
8315:
8313:
8312:Ibotenic acid
8310:
8308:
8305:
8303:
8300:
8298:
8295:
8292:
8291:
8289:
8284:
8275:
8272:
8270:
8266:
8262:
8259:
8252:
8247:
8245:
8240:
8238:
8233:
8232:
8229:
8217:
8216:
8212:
8210:
8209:
8205:
8203:
8202:
8199:
8195:
8194:
8191:
8185:
8182:
8179:
8176:
8175:
8171:
8167:
8166:Transcrocetin
8164:
8162:
8161:Psychotridine
8159:
8157:
8154:
8152:
8149:
8147:
8144:
8142:
8141:Niflumic acid
8139:
8137:
8134:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8119:
8117:
8114:
8112:
8109:
8107:
8104:
8102:
8099:
8097:
8094:
8092:
8089:
8087:
8084:
8082:
8079:
8077:
8071:
8069:
8066:
8064:
8061:
8059:
8056:
8054:
8051:
8047:
8044:
8042:
8039:
8037:
8034:
8032:
8029:
8027:
8024:
8022:
8019:
8017:
8014:
8012:
8009:
8007:
8004:
8002:
8001:Nitrous oxide
7999:
7997:
7994:
7992:
7989:
7987:
7984:
7982:
7979:
7977:
7974:
7972:
7969:
7967:
7966:Diethyl ether
7964:
7962:
7959:
7957:
7954:
7952:
7949:
7947:
7944:
7942:
7939:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7918:
7915:
7913:
7910:
7908:
7905:
7903:
7900:
7896:
7893:
7891:
7888:
7886:
7883:
7881:
7878:
7876:
7873:
7871:
7868:
7866:
7863:
7861:
7858:
7856:
7853:
7851:
7848:
7846:
7843:
7841:
7838:
7836:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7824:
7822:
7821:Tenocyclidine
7819:
7817:
7816:Tabernanthine
7814:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7806:Rolicyclidine
7804:
7802:
7799:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7782:
7781:Phencyclidine
7779:
7777:
7776:Phencyclamine
7774:
7772:
7769:
7767:
7764:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7749:
7747:
7744:
7742:
7739:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7711:Methoxetamine
7709:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7687:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7671:Levomethadone
7669:
7667:
7664:
7662:
7659:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7634:
7632:
7631:Fluorolintane
7629:
7627:
7624:
7622:
7619:
7617:
7614:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7604:
7602:
7599:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7554:
7552:
7549:
7547:
7544:
7542:
7539:
7537:
7534:
7532:
7529:
7527:
7524:
7522:
7519:
7517:
7514:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7504:
7502:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7489:
7487:
7484:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7460:
7457:
7455:
7452:
7450:
7447:
7445:
7442:
7440:
7437:
7435:
7432:
7428:
7425:
7423:
7420:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7405:
7403:
7400:
7398:
7395:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7378:
7375:
7373:
7370:
7368:
7365:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7348:
7345:
7343:
7337:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7212:Kaitocephalin
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7190:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7175:
7173:
7170:
7167:
7164:
7163:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7129:
7125:
7119:
7116:
7109:
7104:
7102:
7100:
7095:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7048:
7046:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7007:
7005:
6999:
6997:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6969:
6966:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6947:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6917:Ibotenic acid
6915:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6901:
6899:
6896:
6894:
6891:
6889:
6886:
6883:
6880:
6879:
6877:
6872:
6866:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6834:
6830:
6829:pentobarbital
6826:
6823:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6768:Kaitocephalin
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6744:
6741:
6738:
6737:
6734:
6731:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6713:Cyclothiazide
6711:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6681:Ibotenic acid
6679:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6641:
6638:
6637:
6635:
6630:
6624:
6618:
6615:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6545:
6541:
6540:pentobarbital
6537:
6534:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6474:Kaitocephalin
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6424:
6423:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6294:Cyclothiazide
6292:
6290:
6287:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6267:Ibotenic acid
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6232:
6229:
6228:
6226:
6221:
6215:
6211:
6208:
6201:
6196:
6194:
6189:
6187:
6182:
6181:
6178:
6172:
6168:
6165:
6160:
6148:
6147:
6143:
6141:
6140:
6132:
6130:
6129:
6125:
6123:
6122:
6118:
6115:
6114:
6111:
6101:
6098:
6097:
6095:
6093:
6089:
6086:
6082:
6072:
6071:3-Methyl-GABA
6069:
6066:
6065:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6051:Valproic acid
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6026:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5963:
5962:
5960:
5955:
5949:
5943:
5942:3-Methyl-GABA
5940:
5937:
5936:
5933:
5932:Semicarbazide
5930:
5928:
5927:-Allylglycine
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5909:
5908:
5906:
5901:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5886:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5820:
5819:
5817:
5812:
5806:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5754:Ibotenic acid
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5704:
5703:
5701:
5696:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5681:
5677:
5674:
5670:
5664:
5655:
5650:
5648:
5643:
5641:
5636:
5635:
5632:
5620:
5619:
5615:
5613:
5612:
5604:
5602:
5601:
5597:
5594:
5593:
5590:
5580:
5577:
5574:
5573:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5504:
5503:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5454:
5453:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5339:Aceburic acid
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5319:
5318:
5316:
5311:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5293:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5262:
5258:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5233:
5232:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5222:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5149:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5107:
5106:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5082:
5081:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5046:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5029:Ibotenic acid
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4986:
4976:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4874:Propybicyphat
4872:
4870:
4867:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4836:Oenanthotoxin
4834:
4831:
4827:
4823:
4819:
4815:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4745:Iomazenil (I)
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4725:
4724:ciprofloxacin
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4710:
4706:
4705:amentoflavone
4702:
4699:
4696:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4641:Cyclothiazide
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4573:
4569:
4565:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4485:
4484:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4430:Famiraprinium
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4410:
4409:
4405:
4401:
4397:
4396:diethyl ether
4393:
4389:
4385:
4381:
4378:
4375:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4360:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4345:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4325:
4321:
4318:
4315:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4300:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4285:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4270:Norfluoxetine
4268:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4217:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4184:
4180:
4177:
4174:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4143:
4140:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4120:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4110:Clomethiazole
4108:
4106:
4105:Chlormezanone
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4095:Carbamazepine
4093:
4090:
4086:
4083:
4080:
4076:
4073:
4070:
4066:
4063:
4060:
4059:phenobarbital
4056:
4053:
4050:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4012:
4011:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3992:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3962:Quisqualamine
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3922:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3897:Methylglyoxal
3895:
3892:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3847:Ibotenic acid
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3797:
3796:phenobarbital
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3769:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3744:
3734:
3729:
3727:
3722:
3720:
3715:
3714:
3711:
3705:
3703:
3700:Psychoactive
3698:
3697:
3693:
3677:
3673:
3667:
3664:
3652:
3648:
3641:
3638:
3633:
3629:
3623:
3620:
3607:
3603:
3597:
3594:
3589:
3585:
3579:
3576:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3544:
3541:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3521:(2): 99–103.
3520:
3516:
3509:
3506:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3474:
3471:
3466:
3462:
3456:
3453:
3448:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3407:
3404:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3380:
3378:
3374:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3354:
3351:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3327:
3324:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3300:
3298:
3294:
3289:
3285:
3278:
3275:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3243:
3240:
3228:
3227:Sigma Aldrich
3221:
3215:
3212:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3145:
3142:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3094:
3091:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3067:(in German).
3066:
3059:
3056:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3028:
3025:
3020:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2983:
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2350:" p. 228 in:
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2017:
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1835:
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1824:
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1814:
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1799:
1796:
1794:
1793:Ibotenic acid
1791:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1757:
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1724:United States
1723:
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1612:
1607:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1581:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1566:ethyl acetate
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1543:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1524:hydroxylamine
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1502:
1497:
1491:
1487:
1485:
1484:triethylamine
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1468:methoxy group
1465:
1461:
1453:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1314:114.10 g/mol
1313:
1309:
1308:C_4H_6N_2O_2
1307:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1268:ibotenic acid
1261:
1256:
1255:visual cortex
1252:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1237:GABA receptor
1234:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1054:
1051:and treating
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
999:
997:
995:
991:
987:
984:
980:
975:
973:
969:
968:schizophrenia
965:
960:
958:
957:
952:
947:
943:
937:
925:
917:
913:
909:
901:
897:
889:
885:
882:
878:
874:
871:
860:
859:conformations
855:
848:
843:
842:
837:
833:
831:
826:
824:
820:
816:
812:
807:
805:
801:
800:
795:
794:ibotenic acid
791:
787:
783:
782:
777:
776:
771:
763:
761:
759:
755:
751:
747:
739:
736:Muscimol, an
734:
731:
729:
725:
722:
718:
714:
711:and displays
710:
702:
699:
695:
694:
689:
685:
681:
677:
665:
658:
653:
636:
630:
600:
597:
593:
592:
586:
583:
579:
578:
574:
572:
567:
562:
555:
552:
542:
541:
539:
537:
534:
533:
530:Pharmacology
528:
525:very soluble
524:
522:
518:
515:
514:
510:
507:
504:
503:
500:very soluble
499:
496:
492:
491:
487:
485:
484:Melting point
482:
481:
474:
472:
469:
468:
441:
438:
434:
433:
428:
419:
415:
408:
394:
384:
380:
373:
365:
361:
360:DTXSID5041069
357:
356:
354:
344:
340:
339:
335:
333:
330:
329:
322:
318:
317:
315:
313:
310:
309:
302:
298:
297:
295:
289:
285:
284:
277:
273:
272:
270:
268:
265:
264:
257:
253:
252:
250:
247:
243:
242:
235:
234:
232:
230:
225:
224:
220:
216:
213:
211:
209:ECHA InfoCard
206:
205:
198:
194:
193:
191:
189:
186:
185:
178:
174:
173:
171:
169:
166:
165:
158:
154:
153:
151:
149:
146:
145:
141:
138:
134:
133:
126:
122:
121:
119:
115:
110:
109:
102:
98:
97:
95:
92:
88:
87:
82:
74:
68:
64:
59:
55:
50:
46:
41:
37:
32:
26:
22:
9249:
9248:
9206:Antagonists:
9205:
9195:
9175:
9146:
9105:Antagonists:
9104:
9076:
9023:Antagonists:
9022:
9004:
8951:Antagonists:
8950:
8935:
8900:
8853:
8812:Antagonists:
8811:
8805:Talaglumetad
8751:
8717:
8671:Antagonists:
8670:
8660:
8657:Talaglumetad
8593:
8530:Dipraglurant
8525:Basimglurant
8516:
8470:Antagonists:
8469:
8459:
8407:
8349:Antagonists:
8348:
8293:
8213:
8206:
8197:
8196:
8180:
8177:
8049:
7956:Cyclopropane
7937:
7920:
7898:
7834:
7786:Propoxyphene
7756:Orphenadrine
7661:Ketobemidone
7626:Eticyclidine
7561:Coronaridine
7546:ARL-15896-AR
7462:
7430:
7342:-Cycloserine
7324:Carisoprodol
7280:
7168:
7166:Antagonists:
7165:
7098:
7093:
7076:
7004:-Cycloserine
6945:
6884:
6881:
6825:Barbiturates
6821:
6798:Selurampanel
6753:Dasolampanel
6740:Antagonists:
6739:
6709:
6642:
6639:
6613:
6550:Cyclopropane
6536:Barbiturates
6532:
6504:Selurampanel
6454:Dasolampanel
6426:Antagonists:
6425:
6409:Pramiracetam
6285:
6233:
6230:
6144:
6133:
6126:
6119:
6067:
6036:Valnoctamide
6006:-Cycloserine
5964:
5938:
5910:
5821:
5758:
5705:
5616:
5605:
5598:
5575:
5506:Antagonists:
5505:
5455:
5320:
5296:Metabotropic
5267:Pregnanolone
5261:picrotoxinin
5234:
5220:
5147:
5117:(S)-4-ACPBPA
5112:(S)-2-MeGABA
5109:Antagonists:
5108:
5083:
5072:Thiomuscimol
5044:
5038:
4995:
4859:picrotoxinin
4822:enzalutamide
4818:bicalutamide
4740:Golexanolone
4636:Cloflubicyne
4486:
4412:Antagonists:
4411:
4324:methaqualone
4299:glutethimide
4275:Petrichloral
4236:β-carbolines
4055:Barbiturates
4013:
3997:Thiomuscimol
3906:
3802:Beta-Alanine
3792:Barbiturates
3782:(+)-Catechin
3778:
3701:
3679:. Retrieved
3675:
3666:
3654:. Retrieved
3650:
3640:
3631:
3622:
3610:. Retrieved
3605:
3596:
3587:
3578:
3553:
3549:
3543:
3518:
3514:
3508:
3483:
3479:
3473:
3464:
3455:
3420:
3416:
3406:
3389:
3385:
3359:
3353:
3336:
3332:
3326:
3309:
3305:
3287:
3277:
3252:
3248:
3242:
3230:. Retrieved
3226:
3214:
3197:
3193:
3155:
3151:
3144:
3103:
3099:
3093:
3068:
3064:
3058:
3041:
3037:
3027:
3000:
2996:
2982:
2957:
2953:
2947:
2922:
2918:
2912:
2887:
2883:
2870:
2845:
2841:
2834:
2809:
2805:
2798:
2753:
2750:Antioxidants
2749:
2735:
2700:
2690:
2673:
2669:
2663:
2636:
2626:
2589:
2585:
2575:
2540:
2536:
2526:
2501:
2497:
2491:
2464:
2458:
2425:
2421:
2415:
2390:
2386:
2380:
2353:
2342:
2315:
2309:
2292:
2288:
2278:
2246:(1): 41–53.
2243:
2239:
2225:
2180:
2176:
2166:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2106:
2102:
2096:
2085:. Retrieved
2081:
2050:
2044:
2019:
2015:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1944:
1940:
1930:
1905:
1902:Neurosurgery
1901:
1895:
1862:
1858:
1852:
1843:
1822:
1813:
1772:
1766:
1760:
1755:
1739:
1729:
1727:
1715:
1707:Legal status
1690:
1683:
1667:
1651:
1635:
1627:hyperkinesia
1624:
1616:
1585:
1561:
1547:
1498:
1495:
1457:
1439:
1427:
1425:
1383:
1381:
1337:
1335:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1304:
1293:, and other
1271:
1265:
1246:
1232:
1210:
1192:
1170:
1152:
1134:
1112:
1094:
1076:
1067:
1056:
1027:
1003:
983:synchronized
976:
966:and chronic
961:
954:
948:
944:
896:barbiturates
864:
849:Pharmacology
839:
827:
808:
804:psychoactive
797:
779:
773:
767:
764:Biochemistry
735:
732:
691:
688:psychoactive
683:
679:
675:
674:
570:
536:Legal status
421:NCc1cc(no1)O
177:ChEMBL273481
84:Identifiers
76:Other names
25:
8932:VU-0155,041
8857:Decoglurant
8721:Decoglurant
8555:Raseglurant
8503:Remeglurant
8488:Mavoglurant
8352:BAY 36-7620
8146:Pentamidine
8131:Minocycline
8111:Hodgkinsine
8081:Dexanabinol
8011:Sevoflurane
7865:Isoxsuprine
7860:Haloperidol
7840:Besonprodil
7801:Rimantadine
7751:Norketamine
7746:Noribogaine
7721:Milnacipran
7686:Levorphanol
7636:Gacyclidine
7606:Dizocilpine
7601:Diphenidine
7591:Dextrorphan
7511:Alaproclate
7454:Huperzine A
7407:Meprobamate
7367:Harkoseride
7262:Perzinfotel
7139:Plazinemdor
6686:Kainic acid
6671:Domoic acid
6617:Minocycline
6605:Sevoflurane
6282:Willardiine
6257:Domoic acid
6100:Ginkgotoxin
6068:Activators:
5965:Inhibitors:
5939:Activators:
5911:Inhibitors:
5870:Valinomycin
5822:Inhibitors:
5769:NNC 05-2090
5706:Inhibitors:
5684:Transporter
5579:Compound 14
5409:Lesogaberan
5248:Loreclezole
5185:Loreclezole
5122:(S)-4-ACPCA
5102:Lanthanides
5092:Alphaxolone
5034:Isoguvacine
4944:Terbequinil
4814:apalutamide
4805:Nicardipine
4765:Laudanosine
4572:carbapenems
4564:penicillins
4420:Coriamyrtin
4415:Bicuculline
4404:sevoflurane
4400:paraldehyde
4350:Stiripentol
4227:Niacinamide
4212:cholesterol
4194:Loreclezole
4089:meprobamate
4045:Avermectins
3912:Nefiracetam
3877:Kojic amine
3867:Isomuscimol
3862:Isoguvacine
1908:(2): E568.
1746:. However,
1658:therapeutic
1631:dyskinesias
1600:acetic acid
1401:acetic acid
1360:aminomethyl
1229:properties.
1189:conditions.
1059:therapeutic
951:entheogenic
912:hippocampus
799:A. muscaria
698:orthosteric
508:in ethanol
430:Properties
215:100.018.574
21:Pantherinae
9312:Oneirogens
9307:Mycotoxins
9302:Isoxazoles
9287:Entheogens
9281:Categories
9199:AZ12216052
8939:Foliglurax
8927:VU-001,171
8840:LY-341,495
8835:LY-307,452
8790:LY-487,379
8780:LY-379,268
8699:LY-341,495
8694:LY-307,452
8642:LY-566,332
8637:LY-487,379
8627:LY-379,268
8483:LY-344,545
8463:LSN2463359
8372:LY-456,236
8367:LY-367,385
8261:modulators
8184:AGN-241751
8156:Piretanide
8106:Furosemide
8091:Flupirtine
8068:Conantokin
8063:Caroverine
8058:Bumetanide
7991:Isoflurane
7961:Desflurane
7951:Chloroform
7890:Safaprodil
7885:Ro 25-6981
7826:Tiletamine
7811:Sabeluzole
7791:Remacemide
7736:Neramexane
7706:Methorphan
7691:Loperamide
7666:Lanicemine
7651:Indantadol
7616:Esketamine
7611:Ephenidine
7571:Dexoxadrol
7536:Arketamine
7521:Amantadine
7481:3-MeO-PCMo
7459:Putrescine
7402:MDL-105519
7377:Kynurenine
7357:Gavestinel
7272:SDZ-220581
7232:MDL-100453
7115:prasterone
7085:Spermidine
7058:Milacemide
6963:ACC (ACPC)
6849:Evans blue
6813:Topiramate
6803:Tezampanel
6733:Isoflurane
6610:Talampanel
6595:Perampanel
6590:Isoflurane
6575:GYKI-53655
6570:GYKI-52466
6565:Evans blue
6529:Zonampanel
6519:Topiramate
6509:Tezampanel
6484:Kynurenine
6444:Caroverine
6439:Becampanel
6389:Oxiracetam
6289:Aniracetam
6210:modulators
6167:modulators
6061:Vigabatrin
6056:Valpromide
6025:lemon balm
6011:Phenelzine
5993:Gabaculine
5875:Vigabatrin
5840:Evans blue
5784:SKF-89976A
5744:Gabaculine
5719:Arecaidine
5676:modulators
5669:metabolism
5434:SKF-97,541
5344:Arbaclofen
5253:Picrotoxin
5243:Bilobalide
4919:Suritozole
4909:Sarmazenil
4894:Ro 19-4603
4889:Ro 15-4513
4884:Radequinil
4851:Picrotoxin
4830:nilutamide
4800:Naltrexone
4735:Furosemide
4715:Flumazenil
4709:oroxylin A
4701:Flavonoids
4681:Etbicyphat
4611:Bilobalide
4578:Basmisanil
4465:Sinomenine
4460:Securinine
4455:Pitrazepin
4440:Hydrastine
4392:chloroform
4365:Topiramate
4305:Propanidid
4169:Imidazoles
4164:Flupirtine
4159:Fluoxetine
4153:hispidulin
4145:Flavonoids
4100:Chloralose
4085:Carbamates
4049:ivermectin
3987:Terpenoids
3932:PF-6372865
3787:Bamaluzole
3754:Ionotropic
3746:modulators
3003:(6): 751.
2812:: 109830.
2790:A784035674
2756:(2): 194.
2087:2024-06-19
1840:"Muscimol"
1819:"Muscimol"
1805:References
1472:zwitterion
1470:, and the
1372:zwitterion
1344:amino acid
1139:citalopram
916:cerebellum
881:inhibitory
772:, such as
717:depressant
684:pantherine
517:Solubility
506:Solubility
471:Molar mass
336:2811 3077
321:D5M179TY2E
246:IUPHAR/BPS
188:ChemSpider
157:CHEBI:7035
112:3D model (
91:CAS Number
67:IUPAC name
9327:Alkaloids
9317:Sedatives
9250:See also:
9184:Glutamate
9176:Agonists:
9098:LSP2-9166
9085:Glutamate
9077:Agonists:
9008:Glutamate
9005:Agonists:
8917:LSP2-9166
8904:Glutamate
8901:Agonists:
8876:Group III
8862:RO4491533
8770:Glutamate
8765:Eglumegad
8752:Agonists:
8726:RO4491533
8617:Glutamate
8612:Eglumegad
8594:Agonists:
8441:Glutamate
8416:ADX-47273
8408:Agonists:
8332:Ro67-7476
8327:Ro67-4853
8322:Ro01-6128
8307:Glutamate
8294:Agonists:
8198:See also:
8178:Unsorted:
8121:MDL-27266
8101:FR-115427
8096:FPL-12495
8053:ARR-15896
7981:Halothane
7971:Enflurane
7929:Magnesium
7880:Ro 8-4304
7855:Eliprodil
7766:PD-137889
7726:Morphanol
7701:Methadone
7696:Memantine
7646:Ibogamine
7621:Etoxadrol
7551:ARL-16247
7541:ARL-12495
7526:Aptiganel
7491:4-MeO-PCP
7486:3-MeO-PCP
7476:3-MeO-PCE
7439:Co 101676
7412:MRZ 2/576
7362:GV-196771
7352:Felbamate
7329:CGP-39653
7309:ACEA-1328
7304:ACEA-1011
7247:NPC-17742
7242:NPC-12626
7227:LY-274614
7222:LY-235959
7217:LY-233053
7202:CGS-19755
7197:CGP-40116
7192:CGP-39653
7187:CGP-39551
7182:CGP-37849
7172:AP5 (APV)
7073:Sarcosine
6949:β-Fluoro-
6898:Glutamate
6893:Aspartate
6882:Agonists:
6839:Enflurane
6783:LY-382884
6743:ACEA-1011
6728:Halothane
6723:Enflurane
6718:Diazoxide
6691:LY-339434
6676:Glutamate
6640:Agonists:
6585:Irampanel
6580:Halothane
6555:Enflurane
6429:ACEA-1011
6404:Piracetam
6384:ORG-26576
6379:Nooglutyl
6369:LY-503430
6364:LY-451646
6359:LY-404187
6354:LY-395153
6349:LY-392098
6334:Diazoxide
6262:Glutamate
6231:Agonists:
5998:Isoniazid
5860:Nigericin
5825:β-Alanine
5799:Tiagabine
5789:SNAP-5114
5714:β-Alanine
5673:transport
5569:SKF-97541
5564:SCH-50911
5554:Phaclofen
5539:CGP-64213
5534:CGP-55845
5529:CGP-54626
5524:CGP-52432
5519:CGP-46381
5514:CGP-35348
5484:CGP-13501
5459:ADX-71441
5444:Tolgabide
5424:Progabide
5419:Picamilon
5404:Isovaline
5321:Agonists:
5223:-3-ACPBPA
5200:SKF-97541
5150:-3-ACPBPA
5077:Tolgabide
5057:Progabide
5052:Picamilon
4996:Agonists:
4904:RO4938581
4899:RO4882224
4826:flutamide
4760:L-655,708
4730:Flurothyl
4631:Cicutoxin
4616:Bupropion
4583:Bemegride
4560:β-Lactams
4550:Amiloride
4380:Volatiles
4314:etazolate
4290:Phenytoin
4248:zopiclone
4240:abecarnil
4199:Monastrol
4189:Lanthanum
4173:etomidate
4135:Fenamates
4130:Etifoxine
4125:Etazepine
4002:Tolgabide
3952:Progabide
3942:Picamilon
3927:Org 20599
3902:Monastrol
3882:L-838,417
3779:Agonists:
3704:on Erowid
3480:Neurology
2676:: 58–64.
2592:(1): 75.
2354:Addiction
1922:0148-396X
1712:Australia
1504:acetylide
1464:hydrolyze
1378:Isolation
1352:isoxazole
1332:Structure
1301:Chemistry
1183:apoptosis
1179:autophagy
1143:inhibitor
1107:treatment
972:prolactin
806:portion.
790:muscazone
786:muscarine
750:Australia
728:isoxazole
610:P301+P316
573:labelling
332:UN number
236:220-430-4
228:EC Number
101:2763-96-4
29:Muscimol
9234:UBP-1112
9150:ADX71743
9138:UBP-1112
9051:UBP-1112
8979:UBP-1112
8850:MGS-0039
8795:MGS-0028
8709:MGS-0039
8647:MGS-0028
8569:Group II
8513:SIB-1893
8508:SIB-1757
8498:NPS-2390
8382:NPS-2390
8342:Theanine
8126:Metaphit
8036:Urethane
7924:Hydrogen
7921:Cations:
7831:Tramadol
7656:Ketamine
7641:Ibogaine
7556:Budipine
7471:3-HO-PCP
7397:LU-73068
7387:L-701324
7382:L-689560
7289:5,7-DCKA
7277:Selfotel
7159:SAGE-718
7154:SAGE-301
7149:SAGE-201
7090:Spermine
7080:Neomycin
7045:-Alanine
7037:L-687414
6996:-Alanine
6953:-alanine
6942:Theanine
6808:Theanine
6706:SYM-2081
6514:Theanine
6116:See also
5779:Riluzole
5759:Muscimol
5749:Guvacine
5595:See also
5559:Saclofen
5494:rac-BHFF
5489:GS-39783
5479:CGP-7930
5439:SL 75102
5414:Phenibut
5369:Gabamide
5354:Baclofen
5257:picrotin
5210:SR-95813
5205:SR-95318
5127:2-MeTACA
5039:Muscimol
4969:ZK-93426
4939:TCS-1105
4924:TB-21007
4855:picrotin
4795:Naloxone
4780:Morphine
4775:MaxiPost
4695:fipronil
4691:Fiproles
4661:(+)-DMBB
4656:Dieldrin
4555:Anisatin
4470:SR-42641
4370:Valerian
4344:baicalin
4340:Skullcap
4284:propofol
4264:zaleplon
4256:zolpidem
4149:apigenin
4069:diazepam
4026:Alcohols
3967:SL-75102
3957:Propofol
3937:Phenibut
3907:Muscimol
3891:honokiol
3857:iso-THIP
3852:iso-THAZ
3827:Gabamide
3743:receptor
3702:Amanitas
3570:14642834
3535:30073844
3447:19715424
3269:14291871
3232:23 April
3172:93397543
3019:14199180
2974:12609692
2939:19999678
2904:23457892
2862:38159130
2826:38160874
2782:38397792
2773:10886019
2727:38562679
2718:10983993
2618:38724972
2609:11083752
2567:20032968
2450:26824149
2270:30565258
2217:17005728
2123:12171573
2036:12747324
1971:37732408
1962:10551397
1887:13364321
1879:24473816
1781:See also
1728:Neither
1697:symptoms
1674:symptoms
1613:Toxicity
1592:methanol
1532:methanol
1520:methanol
1476:methanol
1442:methanol
1364:tautomer
1291:insomnia
1257:neurons.
1187:ischemic
1103:migraine
1053:epilepsy
877:receptor
746:receptor
740:for the
709:receptor
703:for the
676:Muscimol
564:Hazards
521:methanol
8540:GRN-529
8535:Fenobam
8520:AZD9272
8456:VU-1545
8357:CPCCOEt
8269:Group I
8170:saffron
8016:Toluene
8006:Octanol
7986:Hexanol
7941:Benzene
7917:TCN-213
7912:TCN-201
7907:MPX-007
7902:MPX-004
7496:8A-PDHQ
7434:Arcaine
7427:ZD-9379
7124:sulfate
7053:-Serine
7027:Glycine
7012:-Serine
6927:Proline
6854:NS-3763
6827:(e.g.,
6818:UBP-302
6696:Proline
6538:(e.g.,
6414:S-18986
6344:IDRA-21
6329:CX-1942
6324:CX-1739
6272:Proline
5850:Glycine
5739:EF-1502
5464:BHF-177
5449:Tolibut
5359:BL-1020
5272:ROD-188
5137:4-ACPAM
5132:3-APMPA
4999:BL-1020
4959:U-93631
4954:Thujone
4879:PWZ-029
4853:(i.e.,
4812:(e.g.,
4790:MRK-016
4770:Lindane
4722:(e.g.,
4703:(e.g.,
4693:(e.g.,
4562:(e.g.,
4540:β-EMGBL
4450:PHP-501
4386:(e.g.,
4357:(e.g.,
4335:ROD-188
4322:(e.g.,
4312:(e.g.,
4297:(e.g.,
4282:(e.g.,
4280:Phenols
4262:(e.g.,
4254:(e.g.,
4246:(e.g.,
4238:(e.g.,
4234:(e.g.,
4206:(e.g.,
4171:(e.g.,
4147:(e.g.,
4137:(e.g.,
4117:(e.g.,
4087:(e.g.,
4075:Bromide
4067:(e.g.,
4057:(e.g.,
4047:(e.g.,
4028:(e.g.,
4021:α-EMTBL
3991:borneol
3989:(e.g.,
3972:Taurine
3919:(e.g.,
3889:(e.g.,
3887:Lignans
3807:BL-1020
3794:(e.g.,
3656:June 6,
3500:7189834
3438:2853729
3362:: 172.
3136:4178793
3128:5891274
3108:Bibcode
3085:5891631
2701:bioRxiv
2558:2823376
2518:6258091
2442:5389124
2301:8386310
2261:6438731
2208:1578762
2185:Bibcode
2158:7589211
1986:Lloydia
1844:PubChem
1756:Amanita
1752:Florida
1693:effects
1670:Amanita
1660:doses.
1574:dioxane
1501:lithium
1407:. The
1356:alcohol
1348:peptide
1287:anxiety
1129:anxiety
1070:effects
1033:agonist
1024:Effects
1016:in the
953:use of
924:agonist
873:agonist
770:Amanita
758:opioids
738:agonist
701:agonist
657:what is
655: (
476:114.104
288:PubChem
142:774694
9322:Amines
9143:XAP044
9080:AMN082
8760:DCG-IV
8755:CBiPES
8714:PCCG-4
8607:DCG-IV
8602:CBiPES
8046:Xylene
7946:Butane
7319:AV-101
7032:HA-966
6319:CX-717
6309:CX-614
6304:CX-546
6299:CX-516
5953:GABA-T
5889:Enzyme
5774:NO-711
5724:CI-966
5499:KK-92A
5329:3-APPA
5097:ATHDOC
4651:DHEA-S
4490:1,3M1B
4222:Niacin
4183:kavain
3632:Erowid
3568:
3533:
3498:
3465:Erowid
3445:
3435:
3288:Erowid
3267:
3170:
3134:
3126:
3100:Nature
3083:
3017:
2972:
2937:
2902:
2860:
2824:
2788:
2780:
2770:
2725:
2715:
2651:
2616:
2606:
2565:
2555:
2516:
2479:
2448:
2440:
2407:162520
2405:
2368:
2330:
2299:
2268:
2258:
2215:
2205:
2156:
2121:
2057:
2034:
1998:985999
1996:
1969:
1959:
1920:
1885:
1877:
1556:, and
1409:eluate
1403:using
1397:eluted
1181:, and
914:, and
792:, and
680:agarin
652:verify
649:
549:
414:SMILES
276:C08311
168:ChEMBL
61:Names
9337:Enols
9161:mGluR
9118:MMPIP
9062:mGluR
8990:mGluR
8922:PHCCC
8886:mGluR
8830:HYDIA
8820:CECXG
8815:APICA
8737:mGluR
8689:HYDIA
8679:CECXG
8674:APICA
8579:mGluR
8478:DMeOB
8421:CDPPB
8393:mGluR
8337:VU-71
8279:mGluR
8041:Xenon
7501:18-MC
7466:2-MDP
7294:7-CKA
7257:PEAQX
6983:B6B21
6973:AK-51
6907:-HCA)
6870:NMDAR
6793:NS102
6524:YM90K
6219:AMPAR
6084:Other
5810:VIAAT
5389:GHBAL
5374:GABOB
5277:THDOC
5221:trans
5215:TPMPA
5190:P4MPA
5142:4-GBA
5024:GABOB
4750:IPTBO
4600:IPTBO
4535:β-CCP
4530:β-CCM
4525:β-CCE
4520:β-CCB
4480:Tutin
4384:gases
4216:THDOC
3832:GABOB
3681:6 May
3612:6 May
3223:(PDF)
3168:S2CID
3132:S2CID
2880:(PDF)
2446:S2CID
1883:S2CID
1686:brain
1560:(7) (
1554:water
1512:ether
1399:with
1393:resin
1390:basic
1368:amide
796:. In
379:InChI
148:ChEBI
114:JSmol
9229:MTPG
9224:MSOP
9219:MPPG
9214:MAP4
9209:CPPG
9192:-AP4
9179:DCPG
9133:MTPG
9128:MSOP
9123:MPPG
9113:MAP4
9108:CPPG
9093:-AP4
9046:MTPG
9041:MSOP
9036:MPPG
9031:MAP4
9026:CPPG
9016:-AP4
8974:MTPG
8969:MSOP
8964:MPPG
8959:MAP4
8954:CPPG
8944:MPEP
8912:-AP4
8845:MCPG
8825:EGLU
8704:MCPG
8684:EGLU
8597:BINA
8550:MTEP
8545:MPEP
8493:MCPG
8473:CTEP
8436:DHPG
8426:CHPG
8411:ACPD
8377:MCPG
8302:DHPG
8297:ACPD
8136:MPEP
8076:-αAA
7934:Zinc
7761:PCPr
7731:NEFA
7417:PNQX
7347:DNQX
7334:CNQX
7267:PPDA
7252:PBPD
7122:DHEA
7107:DHEA
7017:DHPG
6968:ACPD
6958:ACBD
6922:NMDA
6888:AMAA
6788:NBQX
6763:GAMS
6758:DNQX
6748:CNQX
6666:ATPA
6661:AMPA
6499:PNQX
6494:NBQX
6469:GAMS
6459:DNQX
6449:CNQX
6434:ATPO
6394:PEPA
6252:BOAA
6247:AMPA
6135:GABA
5983:AOAA
5973:DABA
5919:AAOA
5845:GABA
5794:TACA
5729:DABA
5671:and
5662:GABA
5607:GABA
5544:DAVA
5474:BSPP
5469:BHFF
5364:GABA
5306:GABA
5282:Zinc
5228:ZAPA
5175:I4AA
5160:DAVA
5067:TAMP
5062:TACA
5019:GABA
5009:CAMP
5004:CACA
4980:GABA
4964:Zinc
4949:TETS
4934:TBPS
4929:TBOB
4861:and
4676:EBOB
4671:DMPC
4666:DMCM
4646:DHEA
4621:CHEB
4606:BIDN
4596:TBPO
4592:TBPS
4510:α3IA
4495:3M2B
4179:Kava
4034:2M2B
4016:here
4007:ZAPA
3982:TAMP
3977:TACA
3822:GABA
3812:DAVA
3764:GABA
3741:GABA
3683:2020
3658:2023
3614:2020
3566:PMID
3531:PMID
3496:PMID
3443:PMID
3265:PMID
3234:2020
3124:PMID
3081:PMID
3034:in:
3015:PMID
2970:PMID
2935:PMID
2900:PMID
2858:PMID
2822:PMID
2786:Gale
2778:PMID
2723:PMID
2649:ISBN
2614:PMID
2563:PMID
2514:PMID
2477:ISBN
2438:PMID
2403:PMID
2366:ISBN
2328:ISBN
2297:PMID
2266:PMID
2213:PMID
2154:PMID
2119:PMID
2055:ISBN
2032:PMID
1994:PMID
1967:PMID
1918:ISSN
1875:PMID
1636:The
1629:and
1598:and
1534:and
1522:and
1478:and
1466:the
1444:and
1419:and
1358:and
1221:and
1163:and
1043:and
1010:GABA
936:-rho
932:GABA
920:GABA
898:and
888:GABA
867:GABA
815:GABA
742:GABA
719:and
705:GABA
626:P501
622:P405
618:P330
614:P321
606:P270
602:P264
588:H300
312:UNII
301:4266
267:KEGG
256:4259
197:4116
8431:DFB
7299:ACC
7207:CPP
7177:AP7
6988:CCG
6628:KAR
6016:PEH
5988:EOS
5899:GAD
5694:GAT
5399:GVL
5394:GHV
5384:GHB
5379:GBL
5195:P4S
5148:cis
4914:SCS
4258:),
4250:),
4242:),
3947:P4S
3558:doi
3554:993
3523:doi
3488:doi
3433:PMC
3425:doi
3421:112
3394:doi
3364:doi
3341:doi
3314:doi
3257:doi
3202:doi
3160:doi
3116:doi
3104:206
3073:doi
3046:doi
3005:doi
2962:doi
2927:doi
2892:doi
2850:doi
2846:476
2814:doi
2810:245
2768:PMC
2758:doi
2713:PMC
2705:doi
2678:doi
2641:doi
2604:PMC
2594:doi
2553:PMC
2545:doi
2506:doi
2469:doi
2430:doi
2395:doi
2358:doi
2320:doi
2256:PMC
2248:doi
2244:149
2203:PMC
2193:doi
2181:103
2146:doi
2142:290
2111:doi
2024:doi
2020:107
1957:PMC
1949:doi
1910:doi
1867:doi
1750:in
1744:FDA
1590:in
1576:.
1572:in
1462:to
1346:or
1121:CNS
1089:CNS
986:EEG
979:EEG
754:FDA
682:or
571:GHS
519:in
348:EPA
291:CID
9283::
9259:•
9255:•
9194:;
9145:;
8934:;
8852:;
8716:;
8659:;
8515:;
8458:;
8048:;
7936:;
7919:;
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7833:;
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7429:;
7279:;
7097:24
7092:;
7075:;
6944:;
6831:,
6820:;
6708:;
6612:;
6542:,
6531:;
6284:;
5259:,
4984:-ρ
4857:,
4828:,
4824:,
4820:,
4816:,
4707:,
4598:,
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4570:,
4566:,
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