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transfer of the identity of the
Palestinian society from the sphere of integration and near-total identification with the Syrian identity within what was called Greater Syria to the formation of the Palestinian identity within the context of confrontation existential and cultural and political with the Zionists. From this confrontation with the occupation emerged the movement of the poetry of the resistance, and with it emerged national Palestinian song against the occupation. During the occupation, Palestinian classical music continued to rise, with new names in the realm of classical music along with the founding of many symphony orchestras (such as the
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popular today, were created before the popularization of professional singers. Therefore, the song lyrics differ from city to city. Many types of
Palestinian songs, including Atab/Mejana and Dal'ona, have transcended time. Due to the relevance of the subject matter and the need to maintain tradition and culture, traditional types of Palestinian songs can still be heard at events of today, such as weddings or gatherings. They still remain extremely popular throughout the Palestinian culture. Among the forms:
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zajal leads the sahja. The zajal is a talented singer or close family member who sings the sahja on the spot. The zajal leads the sahja with a verse, and the entire group repeats. The sahja done by women carries out the same process but with many women leading (usually older women) while the young women repeat. Also, the women may add a loud, "Lolololeey" during and at the end of the sahja. There is no female zajal.
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1047:, found by the two brothers Boikutt and Stormtrap. Their sound is a mix of hip hop, trip hop, and downtempo alongside traditional Arab music. There are many rappers who defend Palestinian nationalism, an example being, Ortega (Alhasan) who caused a sensation in the Israeli media in 2012 because of his songs' hostility to Israel. Ortega (Alhasan) is considered a better performer of Palestinian rap in the
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1097:, warned that this religious coercion could cause the migration of artists, and said "The religious fanatics in Algeria destroyed every cultural symbol, shattered statues and rare works of art and liquidated intellectuals and artists, reporters and authors, ballet dancers and singers – are we going to imitate the Algerian and Afghani examples?"
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Zaghareet (pl), one of the oldest forms of
Palestinian song, is another important form of song during Palestinian weddings. The zaghreet is traditionally sung by women at weddings or important events. One woman starts the zaghroot with a loud "Heeey Hee..." or "Aweeha...". She then continues with a
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Unlike many other cultures, traditional
Palestinian songs have no set lyrics but rather a set rhythm. The singers are usually family members or close friends who make up the lyrics on the spot. At modern Palestinian events there may be a professional singer, but the forms mentioned below, still very
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One of the biggest moments in
Palestinian music is when Mohammad Assaf (born 1989) won the competition Arab Idol in 2013. With one of the biggest voter turn outs of all time he earned support from Palestinians and the Arab world. He would go on to make huge records such as "Ana Dame falasteenee" (my
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is the most popular type of song in
Palestine. It is often sung by farmers, workers, and shepherds as a work song. However, weddings are the main environment for the songs. As with the other forms of songs, Mejana is based on poetry. Usually the singer starts with the long sound of "Ooaaaff". Then
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Before 1948, the
Palestinians formed a part of the Arab cultural mosaic in the Levant, and it was difficult to separate them from the cultural and musical composition of the Syrian people. Although the popular music was limited to the genre of folk music that served the needs of ritual and social
820:
A large part of
Palestinian music comprises wedding songs and dances. Due to the large amount of weddings in Palestinian culture, wedding singers have been able to maintain the tradition of Palestinian songs whilst incorporating modern vocals and rhythms. Wedding singers draw from a repertoire of
987:
The Sahja is another popular form of
Palestinian song usually sung at weddings. It may be done by men or women and involves clapping to the rhythm of the song that is being sung to the bride by women, or groom by men. The men gather in two lines facing each other, or surround the groom. Then the
983:
Dal'ona is the second most popular type of song in
Palestine. It is easier to compose than ataba because it does not require the similar sound of the ends of the first three verses. However, like ataba, dal'na has four verses of poetry, where the first three have similar endings and the fourth
842:
and others. the second generation of composers included among others: Patrick Lama, Amin Nasser, Nasri Fernando Dueri, and Saleem Zoughbi,. The third generation includes younger musicians such as Habib Touma, Mounir Anastas, Bichara El Khail and Sam Gebran, etc.. The Israeli occupation, the
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Borrowing from traditional rap music that first emerged in the ghettos of Los Angeles and New York in the 1970s, "young Palestinian musicians have tailored the style to express their own grievances with the social and political climate in which they live and work."
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Palestinian music reflects Palestinian experience. As might be expected, much of it deals with the struggle of living under Israeli occupation, the longing for peace, and the love of the land of Palestine. A typical example of such a song is
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866:(born in Nazareth, 1934, died in Berlin 1998), Nasri Fernando Dueri (born 1932), François Nicodeme (born in Jerusalem 1935) and his brother William Nicodeme, Amin Nasser in Ramleh 1935, Patrick Lama, Abdel-Hamid Hamam, Saleem Zoughbi.
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short poem or few rhyming words. After the women are done, they all join with a loud, "Lolololoolololoeeeey" sound. Unlike the women's sahja, the zaghroot involves no clapping, and only one woman must take turns to offer a zaghareet.
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was suddenly banned by the Hamas led municipality, for the reason that such an event would be forbidden by Islam. The municipality also ordered that music no longer be played in the Qalqiliya zoo, and mufti Akrameh Sabri issued a
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the verses of ataba follow. Ataba is composed of four verses of poetry. The first three end with the same word in sound but different meanings. The fourth verse ends with a word that usually ends with a sound like "Aab or Aywa!"
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comprised Kelani's research and arrangement of five traditional Palestinian songs, whilst the other five songs were her own musical settings of popular and resistance poetry by the likes of Mahmoud Darwish,
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usually ends with a sound like "Oana". Dal'ona is the sound of the Palestinian popular dance, dabka, where the dancers sing it along with the sound of the shubbabah (flute), yarghool or mijwiz.
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prominently feature references to resistance against the occupation of Palestine, calling on Palestinians to fight the occupation and stay in their land, and describing historic events.
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670:. A shared Palestinian identity was reflected in a new wave of performers who emerged with distinctively Palestinian themes, relating to the dreams of statehood and the burgeoning
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events varied, but the beginnings of a serious musical phenomenon began to form in Palestine with the presence of profound composers of the first generation, such as
916:"Zareef et Tool" is one of the most popular Palestinian songs of today and can be traced back decades. The song encourages Palestinians not to leave their homeland:
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475:. While it shares much in common with Arabic music, both structurally and instrumentally, there are musical forms and subject matter that are distinctively
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Morgan, Andy and Mu'tasem Adileh. "The Sounds of Struggle". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (ed.),
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is one of the foremost present day researchers and performers of music with a specifically Palestinian narrative and heritage. Her 2006 debut solo album
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have become increasingly assertive since the militant Hamas group scored political gains in the Palestinian Authority local elections of 2005.
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ceremonial material including henna songs sung at the henna ceremony, wedding processionals (zeffat), and popular debkah and dance songs.
859:) as well as string quartets and quintets, which gave the Palestinian Territories the highest number of orchestras among Arab countries.
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Early in the 20th century, Palestinian Arabs lived in cities and in rural areas, either as farmers or as nomads. The
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80:
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Beginning in the late 1990s, Palestinian youth forged a new Palestinian musical subgenre – Palestinian rap or
1240:
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3131:
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1996:
1968:
1947:
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398:
1216:"Middle East & North Africa Reem Kelani World Music at Global Rhythm - the Destination for World Music"
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2015:
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After the creation of Israel in 1948, large numbers of Arab Palestinians fled to, or were forced into,
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warned that "There are Taliban-type elements in our society, and this is a very dangerous sign".
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1070:, Palestinian musicians feared what was going to happen in the Palestinian territories where
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Mohammad Assaf would go on to be one of the highest selling Palestinian artists of all time.
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bands, which had all but disappeared during the fighting, reappeared to perform popular
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902:(My Country, My Country), which has become the unofficial Palestinian national anthem:
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599:. Popular songs made use of widely varying forms, particularly the mejana and dal'ona.
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1991:
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1292:"Exile Songwriters of the Palestinian Revolution (and the Problem with Sugar Man)"
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affirming the municipality's decision. In response, the Palestinian national poet
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1987:
1927:
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by Editorial Staff, The New Humanist, Volume 121 Issue 1, January/February 2006
693:(1987), a more hard-edged group of performers and songwriters emerged, such as
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with his new sound of Palestine and Turab group founded in 2004 with the CD
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568:
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262:
1491:"Palestinians Debate Whether Future State Will be Theocracy or Democracy".
1412:
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in Cairo, Egypt. They blended big-beat, hip hop, and vocal punk elements.
802:
Sprinting Gazelle – Palestinian Songs from the Motherland and the Diaspora
1130:
1094:
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was established, and Palestinian cultural expression began to stabilize.
677:
In the 1970s, a new wave of popular Palestinian stars emerged, including
667:
655:
638:. The most popular recorded musicians at the time were the superstars of
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United States security assistance to the Palestinian National Authority
1963:
1958:
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1023:
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572:
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1978:
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Committee for the Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice
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2007:
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1266:"New Hamas music video threatens to rain down rockets on Israel"
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and Mahmoud Salim al-Hout. All the songs on the album relate to
520:
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2011:
1606:
1093:
The Palestinian columnist Mohammed Abd Al-Hamid, a resident of
3321:
Foreign Affairs Minister of the Palestinian National Authority
1115:
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blood is Palestinian) a national and international treasure.
622:
Palestinian shepherd flutist in traditional dress, c.1910–1920
862:
Names of Palestinian composers: Salvador Arnita (1914–1985),
746:
songs. Other performers to emerge later in the 90s included
1357:
Oud and Guitar: The Musical Culture of the Arabs in Israel
1383:. Jerusalem: Minerva Instruction and Consultation Group.
1054:
In the diaspora are the Abu-Ghaben brothers, who founded
1051:
region, because he was born in the United Arab Emirates.
919:يا زريف الطول وقّف تاقلك ... رايح عالغربة و بلادك أحسنلك
921:خايف يا زريف تروح و تتملك .. و تعاشر الغير و تنساني أنا
1521:
World Music, Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East
927:
You are going abroad and your country is better for you
662:, where performers composed in the classical styles of
507:
with Arabs (including urban and rural Muslim classes,
1543:
Palestinian Arab Music: A Maqam Tradition in Practice
1523:, pp. 385–390. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books.
1191:"The Palestinian National Song:A Personal Testimony"
595:
were also home to distinctive music, especially the
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was one oud player, famous for his post-1904 diary.
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3016:
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2622:
2562:
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2453:
2343:
2303:
2045:
1907:
1799:
1640:
1101:
Musicians and instruments from Palestine, anno 1860
1451:"Palestine: Taliban-like attempts to censor music"
1333:"PA Glorifies Terror Group that Murdered Minister"
1077:In 2005 an outdoor music and dance performance in
1359:(Institute for Israeli Arab Studies, Beit Berl),
1592:Smithsonian Jerusalem Project: Palestinian Music
1564:. Morris Moore Series in Musicology, 4. Shazco.
650:. The centers for Palestinian music were in the
1428:"Israeli-Arab rap: an outlet for youth protest"
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1380:Musical View on the Conflict in the Middle East
1011:American radio personality and record producer
925:O, elegant and tall one stop so I can tell you
591:were also common, known for their epic tales.
587:. Traveling storytellers and musicians called
503:have long held on to a diversity of cultures.
195:Politics of the Palestinian National Authority
2430:
2023:
1618:
519:) constituted the largest group, followed by
440:
8:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1066:According to the human rights organization
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2687:
2559:
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2423:
2415:
2030:
2016:
2008:
1625:
1611:
1603:
929:I am afraid you will get established there
447:
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17:
1458:– The World Forum On Music And Censorship
1307:
1144:Musicians in Jerusalem, late 19th century
609:Music of Israel § Israeli Arab music
1475:
1473:
1471:
1193:. This Week in Palestine. Archived from
1036:were pioneers in forging this blend. As
962:
954:
946:
2587:Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon
2540:Palestinian Declaration of Independence
1181:
1104:
471:) is one of many regional subgenres of
421:
358:
282:
98:
41:
25:
2873:Legal status of the State of Palestine
943:Forms of traditional Palestinian songs
908:To you, I do not doubt, I will return.
2655:2009 Hamas political violence in Gaza
1043:More peculiar is the West Bank group
7:
3286:Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation
2768:Palestinian National Security Forces
2545:Years in the Palestinian territories
487:In the areas now controlled by both
1541:Cohen, Dalia and Ruth Katz (2005).
931:And find someone else and forget me
468:
283:Religion / religious sites
1482:, by Zvi Bar'el, Haaretz, 26.07.05
14:
3336:International aid to Palestinians
910:Struggle, revolution, do not die,
3550:
3331:Diplomatic missions in Palestine
3326:Diplomatic missions of Palestine
3316:Palestine and the United Nations
2398:
2389:
2388:
1460:. 17 August 2005. Archived from
1137:
1123:
1107:
33:
2831:Palestinian National Initiative
2773:Palestinian Preventive Security
2715:Palestinian Legislative Council
1545:. University of Chicago Press.
1309:10.13169/arabstudquar.45.1.0034
1156:List of Palestinians: Musicians
906:Palestine, Land of the fathers,
3051:Palestinian citizens of Israel
2863:Palestinian political violence
2356:British Indian Ocean Territory
1426:Amelia Thomas (21 July 2005).
1270:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com
912:For the storm is on the land.
732:Palestinian National Authority
505:Mandatory Palestine population
225:Governorates of the Gaza Strip
1:
2730:Gaza Strip (Hamas-controlled)
1377:Babnik; Golani, eds. (2006).
1331:Benari, Elad (Dec 26, 2011).
1290:Brehony, Louis (2023-03-23).
3008:Palestine Monetary Authority
2710:Palestinian National Council
2671:Hamas-Jund Ansar Allah clash
893:is a Palestinian pop singer.
567:(farmers) sang a variety of
316:Church of the Holy Sepulchre
3001:Water supply and sanitation
2858:Palestinian right of return
2515:History of the Palestinians
1413:"Palestinian Popular Songs"
1131:Palestinian Kamanjah player
1062:Repression under Hamas rule
845:Palestinian Youth Orchestra
3605:
3186:Postage stamps and history
2692:West Bank (SOP-controlled)
1189:Rima Tarazi (April 2007).
1000:
606:
129:All-Palestine Protectorate
3546:
3121:universities and colleges
2800:International recognition
2632:Dawson's Field hijackings
2384:
1560:Mashmalon, Micah (1988).
1432:Christian Science Monitor
796:The Diaspora Palestinian
237:Legislative Council (PLC)
3281:Palestine–Israel Journal
2105:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
1480:Afghanistan in Palestine
792:is a Palestinian singer.
151:National Authority (PNA)
3291:Palestinian Media Watch
3275:The Palestine Telegraph
2664:Hamas-Salafist conflict
2582:1948 Palestinian exodus
2577:1947–1949 Palestine war
2525:Palestinian nationalism
2366:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1072:Islamic fundamentalists
1038:Arab citizens of Israel
3083:Costume and embroidery
3036:Palestinian Christians
1594:Winter 1999, Issue 3,
1562:Palestinian Folk Songs
1395:Lyrics by Ali Ismayel.
1337:israelnationalnews.com
1296:Arab Studies Quarterly
1019:
968:
960:
952:
914:
894:
793:
623:
571:, used for tasks like
379:Costume and embroidery
321:Church of the Nativity
311:Cave of the Patriarchs
232:National Council (PNC)
217:Gaza Strip governance
1010:
966:
958:
950:
904:
889:
788:
621:
116:Arab Higher Committee
2948:World Heritage Sites
2943:Depopulated villages
2642:Fatah–Hamas conflict
2520:Slavery in Palestine
2280:United Arab Emirates
1634:Middle Eastern music
1355:Regev Motti (1993),
1045:Ramallah Underground
807:Salma Khadra Jayyusi
640:Arab classical music
423:List of Palestinians
331:Great Mosque of Gaza
122:Depopulated villages
3524:Gypsies (Dom/Nawar)
3205:Religious buildings
2878:Anti-Palestinianism
2564:Israeli–Palestinian
2307:limited recognition
1597:Jerusalem Quarterly
1017:Palestinian descent
1003:Palestinian hip hop
997:Palestinian hip hop
469:الموسيقى الفلسطينية
21:Part of a series on
3579:Music of Palestine
2796:State of Palestine
1161:Palestinian Arabic
1020:
969:
961:
953:
895:
882:Music and identity
849:West-Eastern Divan
815:pre-1948 Palestine
794:
730:In the 1990s, the
624:
461:music of Palestine
3566:
3565:
3542:
3541:
3476:Afro-Palestinians
3269:Ma'an News Agency
3147:Mental healthcare
3127:Flag of Palestine
2806:Political parties
2756:
2755:
2679:
2678:
2592:First Lebanon War
2412:
2411:
2349:other territories
2005:
2004:
1766:Ottoman classical
1756:Iranian classical
1464:on 7 August 2011.
1390:978-965-7397-03-9
864:Habib Hasan Touma
553:Wasif Jawhariyyeh
457:
456:
159:political parties
139:Fedayeen militias
3596:
3589:Palestinian arts
3554:
3454:
2688:
2614:Israel–Hamas war
2560:
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2361:Christmas Island
2047:Sovereign states
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2018:
2009:
1955:
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1495:, July 13, 2005.
1493:Associated press
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1243:. Archived from
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1227:
1218:. Archived from
1212:
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1186:
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1111:
853:Daniel Barenboim
470:
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326:Dome of the Rock
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18:
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3308:Foreign affairs
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2720:Judicial system
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2604:Second Intifada
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2491:Ayyubid Dynasty
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1103:
1088:Mahmoud Darwish
1084:religious edict
1064:
1005:
999:
967:Armure Hijaz 03
959:Armure Hijaz 02
951:Armure Hijaz 01
945:
932:
930:
928:
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922:
920:
911:
909:
907:
884:
872:
840:Salvador Arnita
827:
825:Classical music
713:Thaer Barghouti
709:Jameel al-Sayih
683:Mustafa Al-Kurd
616:
611:
605:
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509:Arab Christians
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2738:Prime Minister
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2650:Battle of Gaza
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2599:First Intifada
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2510:Modern history
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2501:Ottoman Empire
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2496:Mamluk Dynasty
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2043:
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2039:Music of Asia
2037:
2035:
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2027:
2020:
2012:
2003:
2002:
2000:
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1994:
1981:
1976:
1971:
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1908:Related topics
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1586:External links
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900:Baladi, Baladi
891:Mohammed Assaf
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768:Wissam Joubran
721:and Sabreen's
691:First Intifada
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3450:Ethnic groups
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3429:United States
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3181:Personalities
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3112:Demographics
3087:
3061:Architecture
3031:Palestinians
2933:Governorates
2481:Islamic Rule
2476:Roman Empire
2345:Dependencies
2275:Turkmenistan
2240:Saudi Arabia
1984:Arabic maqam
1948:Pontic Greek
1932:Israeli folk
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1195:the original
1184:
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1114:Palestinian
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756:Mohsen Subhi
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689:. After the
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551:and others.
486:
473:Arabic music
460:
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389:
291:Christianity
205:Governorates
167:
108:
43:Demographics
27:Palestinians
15:
3434:Los Angeles
3379:El Salvador
3254:Photography
3244:Journalists
3159:LGBT rights
3142:Health care
3132:Handicrafts
3056:Archaeology
2971:Agriculture
2916:Southern WB
2911:Northern WB
2471:Philistines
2404:Asia portal
2305:States with
2225:Philippines
2165:South Korea
2160:North Korea
2055:Afghanistan
1988:Iraqi maqam
1874:Palestinian
1745:Palestinian
857:Edward Said
798:Reem Kelani
790:Amal Murkus
776:Basel Zayed
764:Issa Boulos
724:Mawt a'nabi
687:Al Ashiqeen
674:sentiment.
672:nationalist
652:Palestinian
644:Umm Kulthum
583:and making
577:shepherding
541:Circassians
523:(including
515:and Muslim
495:, multiple
477:Palestinian
399:Handicrafts
346:Nabi Samwil
52:Definitions
3573:Categories
3529:Samaritans
3264:Television
3249:Newspapers
3171:Literature
3071:watermelon
2896:Gaza Strip
2684:Government
2466:Canaanites
2285:Uzbekistan
2260:Tajikistan
2175:Kyrgyzstan
2155:Kazakhstan
2075:Bangladesh
2065:Azerbaijan
1791:Luri music
1342:2023-10-25
1276:2023-10-25
1251:2014-04-03
1226:2014-04-01
1201:2007-04-30
1177:References
706:songwriter
699:songwriter
695:al- Funoun
636:Gaza Strip
614:Folk music
607:See also:
581:harvesting
569:work songs
559:Folk music
537:Samaritans
533:Ashkenazim
409:Literature
341:Lot's Tomb
268:Gaza Strip
134:Government
3498:Metawalis
3414:Nicaragua
3354:Australia
3117:Education
2996:Transport
2966:Companies
2938:Landforms
2901:West Bank
2888:Geography
2868:Elections
2846:Third Way
2743:President
2705:President
2486:Crusaders
2446:Palestine
2371:Hong Kong
2325:Palestine
2250:Sri Lanka
2245:Singapore
2125:Indonesia
1849:Jordanian
1800:By region
1648:Arabesque
1318:0271-3519
1302:: 34–60.
1079:Qalqiliya
1013:DJ Khaled
876:war songs
870:War songs
780:Hada Liel
654:towns of
632:West Bank
603:Post-1948
585:olive oil
545:Armenians
525:Sephardim
501:religions
493:Palestine
263:West Bank
257:Palestine
59:Palestine
3471:Bedouins
3419:Pakistan
3346:Diaspora
3216:Football
3201:Religion
3166:Language
3089:keffiyeh
3041:Diaspora
2906:Enclaves
2788:Politics
2761:Security
2609:Gaza War
2572:Timeline
2556:Conflict
2394:Category
2315:Abkhazia
2265:Thailand
2220:Pakistan
2200:Mongolia
2195:Maldives
2190:Malaysia
2090:Cambodia
1864:Lebanese
1817:Egyptian
1807:Bahraini
1741:Lebanese
1722:Egyptian
1698:Assyrian
1641:By style
1578:17918259
1570:88011605
1456:Freemuse
1150:See also
1095:Ramallah
1068:Freemuse
744:Lebanese
740:Egyptian
668:Damascus
656:Nazareth
593:Weddings
589:zajaleen
565:fellahin
529:Mizrahim
483:Pre-1948
404:Language
200:Enclaves
109:Previous
100:Politics
91:Diaspora
3534:Bushnaq
3493:Druzers
3488:Baháʼís
3441:Uruguay
3404:Lebanon
3234:By city
3097:Cuisine
3023:society
3019:Culture
2991:Tourism
2958:Economy
2923:Borders
2454:History
2290:Vietnam
2205:Myanmar
2185:Lebanon
2115:Georgia
2070:Bahrain
2060:Armenia
1964:Fantezi
1959:Dastgah
1952:Turkish
1944:Persian
1940:Kurdish
1894:Turkish
1859:Kuwaiti
1854:Kurdish
1844:Israeli
1834:Iranian
1829:Emirati
1812:Cypriot
1784:Turkish
1780:Iranian
1749:Turkish
1730:Israeli
1726:Iranian
1713:Hip hop
1706:Turkish
1702:Iranian
1673:khaliji
1669:Bedouin
1665:al-jeel
1653:Turkish
1367:, p. 4.
1024:hip hop
736:Wedding
679:Sabreen
630:in the
573:fishing
517:Bedouin
393:(dance)
384:Cuisine
360:Culture
306:Al-Aqsa
301:Judaism
219:(Hamas)
168:Current
66:History
3557:Portal
3409:Mexico
3399:Kuwait
3394:Jordan
3364:Canada
3359:Brazil
3196:Racism
3137:Health
3078:Cinema
2928:Cities
2448:topics
2335:Taiwan
2270:Turkey
2235:Russia
2170:Kuwait
2150:Jordan
2140:Israel
2100:Cyprus
2085:Brunei
2080:Bhutan
1979:Khigga
1936:Jewish
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1822:Coptic
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210:Cities
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3259:Radio
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1969:Iqa'
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