34:
615:
988:, buried underground, and is now available at the Red Sea Foundation at the Hargeisa Cultural Center, and in Radio Hargeisa. The Barre dictatorial regime effectively nationalised the music scene, with bands and production under state control. Bands were operated by the police, the army and the national penitentiary. Female singers were encouraged more than was the case in most of East Africa. Most musicians had left the country before 1991. Hiddo Dhawr is now operating as the only live music venue in the city.
1204:
398:
373:
1218:
1041:
865:
750:
in the background. However, heavy percussion and metallic sounds are uncommon in
Somaliland. The riverine and coastal areas of Somalia use a wide variety of traditional instruments including:
901:, who rose to fame in the early 1940s. This new genre then in turn created the Heelo style of Somali music. Abdi's innovation and passion for music revolutionized Somali music forever.
1016:, before being renamed the following year to Radio Somali. The head of the Music department was Mohamed Saeed (Guroon jire). Music is now regularly broadcast on the state-run
1901:
1671:
644:
33:
330:
1593:
1464:
931:
1816:
1656:
1525:
1279:
877:
1676:
693:, but it is ultimately recognizable by its own unique tunes and styles. Somali songs are usually the product of collaboration between
1566:
1550:
1448:
1406:
1349:
637:
323:
1379:
939:
813:
597:
1586:
258:
801:
630:
1424:
Music, Memory and
Belonging: Oral Tradition and Archival Engagement Among the Somali Community of London's King's Cross
1927:
587:
316:
278:
96:
1691:
1396:
2005:
1974:
288:
1970:
1579:
1025:
915:
Many qaraami songs from this era are still extremely popular today. This musical style is mostly played on the
526:
1983:
1154:
192:
140:
1339:
1731:
1369:
455:
1966:
1841:
1831:
1636:
1029:
1021:
602:
592:
577:
535:
131:
450:
1935:
912:(oud) as an accompaniment to Somali music. Qarshe is revered by Somalis as "father of Somali music".
1846:
1736:
1666:
1535:
Ministry of
Information and National Guidance, Mogadishu, Somalia (1974). Somali Culture and Folklore
1231:
568:
512:
470:
465:
293:
283:
273:
206:
1931:
1957:
1906:
1826:
1791:
1776:
1761:
1716:
1651:
1534:
1189:
1169:
1134:
1114:
1073:
582:
475:
445:
421:
414:
263:
249:
197:
178:
116:
91:
66:
1104:
1781:
1119:
1109:
934:, music was suppressed except for a small amount of officially sanctioned music. There were many
440:
435:
268:
126:
86:
57:
50:
1184:
1174:
1004:, modern-day Somaliland. The first song to be broadcast was composed by Guroon Jire in 1940 in
1881:
1856:
1706:
1701:
1681:
1646:
1631:
1562:
1546:
1539:
1521:
1444:
1402:
1375:
1345:
1275:
1269:
1236:
1179:
1139:
1084:
869:
790:
744:
690:
521:
460:
406:
121:
76:
1555:
1438:
1953:
1944:
1866:
1821:
1806:
1796:
1786:
1751:
1746:
1696:
1641:
1616:
1164:
1099:
1094:
1063:
1005:
997:
905:
880:
670:
658:
387:
240:
235:
230:
187:
159:
111:
101:
42:
677:. At first listen, Somali music might be mistaken for the sounds of nearby regions such as
1876:
1871:
1811:
1766:
1726:
1621:
1602:
1124:
1017:
1013:
1009:
559:
544:
348:
220:
1851:
1801:
1756:
1741:
1721:
1711:
1686:
1626:
1209:
430:
304:
81:
938:
produced during this period, pioneered by the people of
Somaliland who were trying to
1999:
1861:
1771:
1661:
1149:
1068:
970:
962:
958:
888:
662:
619:
549:
376:
164:
1223:
1089:
957:
have gained a small following outside of the country. Others, like Ahmed Ali Egal,
935:
678:
169:
17:
1515:
1486:
1322:
1144:
1058:
898:
876:
844:
674:
498:
397:
1199:
1053:
1045:
974:
943:
924:
725:
702:
484:
71:
966:
821:
224:
1129:
372:
1040:
1001:
985:
774:
694:
682:
154:
1341:
Literatures in
African Languages: Theoretical Issues and Sample Surveys
1159:
954:
950:
864:
782:
710:
493:
356:
149:
355:) is music following the musical styles, techniques and sounds of the
852:
666:
554:
215:
386:
Somali people have a rich musical heritage centered on traditional
1571:
1039:
893:
875:
863:
747:
740:
686:
503:
371:
978:
832:
732:
1575:
1338:
Andrzejewski, B. W.; Pilaszewicz, S.; Tyloch, W. (1985-11-21).
1271:"Theory" (English) and Lehre (German) versus Téori (Indonesian)
1000:
in
Somalia to air popular Somali music was Radio Kudu based in
920:
909:
729:
379:
1356:
Cabdi Deeqsi, who created a genre of love poetry called Balwo
724:
Traditional instruments prominently featured in the music of
904:
Introduction of melody in modern Somali song is credited to
942:
from the government of
Somalia, especially the genocidal
1312:
The
Concise Garland Encyclopedia of World Music. p.57-58
1327:. The University of Michigan: F. Cass. 1967. p. 5.
923:). Prominent Somali kaban players of the 1950s include
1268:
872:
1915:
1890:
1609:
1465:"Uncovering Somalia's forgotten music of the 1970s"
1032:(a private company which is based in Somaliland).
1028:as well radio popular television networks such as
1488:Journal of the Anglo-Somali Society, Issues 30-33
1443:. Ponte Invisible (Redsea Cultural Foundation).
1440:Coming of Age: An Introduction to Somali Metrics
883:, popularly known as the father of Somali music.
1558:The Concise Garland Encyclopedia of World Music
1371:Heelloy: Modern Poetry and Songs of the Somali
1303:Historical Dictionary of Somalia (2003) p. 166
1587:
984:Music recorded in the 1970s was preserved in
638:
324:
8:
1294:Somali Culture and Folklore (1974) pp.63-64
1254:
1252:
1036:List of Somali musicians and musical groups
1594:
1580:
1572:
717:or "voice"). The Somali word for dance is
645:
631:
392:
331:
317:
28:
965:have fused traditional Somali music with
1491:. Anglo-Somali Society. 2001. p. 56
908:, who is recognised for introducing the
1248:
932:Supreme Revolutionary Council (Somalia)
567:
534:
511:
483:
420:
413:
248:
205:
177:
139:
56:
49:
7:
1395:Mukhtar, Mohamed Haji (2003-02-25).
739:). It is often accompanied by small
1426:. University of London. p. 61.
1514:Abdullahi, Mohamed Diriye (2001).
1020:,a number of private studio named
25:
1324:African Language Review, Volume 6
1902:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
1672:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1542:Historical Dictionary of Somalia
1398:Historical Dictionary of Somalia
1216:
1202:
613:
396:
32:
1401:. Scarecrow Press. p. 12.
981:, and other modern influences.
756:nasaro, mokhoddon and masoondhe
673:(seven note) scale such as the
1517:Culture and customs of Somalia
1368:Johnson, John William (1996).
1344:. Cambridge University Press.
661:. That is, they only use five
1:
1540:Mukhtar, Mohamed Haji (2003)
1467:. Al Jazeera. 18 August 2017
1437:Farah, Gamute (2018-10-28).
1374:. Indiana University Press.
1556:Puchowski, Douglas (2013).
787:buun, muufe and gees-goodir
2022:
382:player Nuruddin Ali Amaan.
345:Music of the Somali people
1422:Brinkhurst, Emma (2012).
1657:Central African Republic
1026:Sony Music Entertainment
758:(high and heavy drums),
368:Traditional Somali music
1561:, Volume 1. Routledge,
1155:Mohamed Sulayman Tubeec
930:During the rule of the
1049:
1044:Popular Somali singer
884:
873:
760:reeme, jabbu and yoome
383:
352:
1817:São Tomé and Príncipe
1677:Republic of the Congo
1258:Abdullahi, pp.170-171
1043:
1030:Horn Cable Television
879:
867:
375:
1232:Middle Eastern music
927:and Mohamed Nahari.
897:style, pioneered by
1892:States with limited
1545:. Scarecrow Press.
1135:Mohamed Nuur Giriig
1115:Hassan Sheikh Mumin
808:(wooden clappers),
767:malkad and siinbaar
415:Culture of Djibouti
18:Music of Somaliland
1120:Jiim Sheikh Muumin
1110:Hasan Adan Samatar
1050:
1022:Sony Music Somalia
992:Music institutions
885:
874:
598:Telecommunications
384:
353:Muusiga Soomaalida
198:Traditional faiths
51:Culture of Somalia
1993:
1992:
1919:other territories
1692:Equatorial Guinea
1527:978-0-313-31333-2
1281:978-88-7063-084-8
1237:Music of Ethiopia
1140:Saado Ali Warsame
1074:Ahmed Mooge Liban
940:gain independence
870:Saado Ali Warsame
812:(vegetable ankle
691:Arabian Peninsula
669:in contrast to a
657:Somali songs are
655:
654:
620:Africa portal
341:
340:
16:(Redirected from
2013:
2006:Music of Somalia
1980:
1979:(United Kingdom)
1975:Tristan da Cunha
1971:Ascension Island
1963:
1950:
1941:
1917:Dependencies and
1610:Sovereign states
1603:Music of Africa
1596:
1589:
1582:
1573:
1531:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1319:
1313:
1310:
1304:
1301:
1295:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1226:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1212:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1165:Xiddigaha Geeska
1064:Abdullahi Qarshe
906:Abdullahi Qarshe
881:Abdullahi Qarshe
754:Membranophones:
647:
640:
633:
618:
617:
616:
400:
393:
333:
326:
319:
36:
29:
21:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2010:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1988:
1978:
1961:
1948:
1939:
1920:
1918:
1911:
1895:
1893:
1886:
1605:
1600:
1528:
1513:
1510:
1505:
1504:
1494:
1492:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1470:
1468:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1451:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1409:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1382:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1352:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1282:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1250:
1245:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1208:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1125:Khadija Qalanjo
1038:
1018:Radio Mogadishu
994:
891:began with the
862:
651:
614:
612:
388:Somali folklore
370:
365:
337:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2019:
2017:
2009:
2008:
1998:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1984:Western Sahara
1981:
1964:
1951:
1942:
1928:Canary Islands
1924:
1923:
1921:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1898:
1896:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1591:
1584:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1553:
1537:
1532:
1526:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1478:
1456:
1449:
1429:
1414:
1407:
1387:
1380:
1360:
1350:
1330:
1314:
1305:
1296:
1287:
1280:
1260:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1213:
1210:Somalia portal
1197:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1170:DJ Ahmad Juju
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1079:
1078:Khaalid Kaamil
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1037:
1034:
1024:a division of
993:
990:
949:Bands such as
868:Somali singer
861:
858:
857:
856:
827:Chordophones:
825:
794:
763:
762:(small drums);
653:
652:
650:
649:
642:
635:
627:
624:
623:
608:
607:
606:
605:
600:
595:
593:Transportation
590:
585:
580:
572:
571:
565:
564:
563:
562:
557:
552:
547:
539:
538:
532:
531:
530:
529:
524:
516:
515:
509:
508:
507:
506:
501:
496:
488:
487:
481:
480:
479:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
425:
424:
418:
417:
411:
410:
402:
401:
369:
366:
364:
361:
339:
338:
336:
335:
328:
321:
313:
310:
309:
308:
307:
305:Somalia portal
299:
298:
297:
296:
291:
289:Communications
286:
284:Transportation
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
253:
252:
246:
245:
244:
243:
238:
233:
228:
218:
210:
209:
203:
202:
201:
200:
195:
190:
182:
181:
175:
174:
173:
172:
167:
162:
157:
152:
144:
143:
137:
136:
135:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
61:
60:
54:
53:
47:
46:
38:
37:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2018:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1985:
1982:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1946:
1943:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1922:
1914:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1889:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1732:Guinea-Bissau
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1597:
1592:
1590:
1585:
1583:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1568:
1567:9781136095702
1564:
1560:
1559:
1554:
1552:
1551:0-8108-4344-7
1548:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1523:
1520:. Greenwood.
1519:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1490:
1489:
1482:
1479:
1466:
1460:
1457:
1452:
1450:9788888934471
1446:
1442:
1441:
1433:
1430:
1425:
1418:
1415:
1410:
1408:9780810866041
1404:
1400:
1399:
1391:
1388:
1383:
1377:
1373:
1372:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1351:9780521256469
1347:
1343:
1342:
1334:
1331:
1326:
1325:
1318:
1315:
1309:
1306:
1300:
1297:
1291:
1288:
1283:
1277:
1273:
1272:
1264:
1261:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1214:
1211:
1200:
1195:
1191:
1190:Ilkacase Qays
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1150:Waayaha Cusub
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1100:Guduuda 'Arwo
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1069:Ahmed Gacayte
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
998:radio station
991:
989:
987:
982:
980:
976:
972:
971:rock and roll
968:
964:
963:Waayaha Cusub
960:
959:Maryam Mursal
956:
952:
947:
945:
941:
937:
936:protest songs
933:
928:
926:
922:
918:
913:
911:
907:
902:
900:
896:
895:
890:
889:popular music
882:
878:
871:
866:
859:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
761:
757:
753:
752:
751:
749:
746:
742:
738:
734:
731:
727:
722:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
648:
643:
641:
636:
634:
629:
628:
626:
625:
622:
621:
610:
609:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
575:
574:
573:
570:
566:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
542:
541:
540:
537:
533:
528:
525:
523:
520:
519:
518:
517:
514:
510:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
491:
490:
489:
486:
482:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
428:
427:
426:
423:
419:
416:
412:
408:
404:
403:
399:
395:
394:
391:
389:
381:
378:
374:
367:
362:
360:
358:
357:Somali people
354:
350:
346:
334:
329:
327:
322:
320:
315:
314:
312:
311:
306:
303:
302:
301:
300:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
256:
255:
254:
251:
247:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
226:
222:
219:
217:
214:
213:
212:
211:
208:
204:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
185:
184:
183:
180:
176:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
147:
146:
145:
142:
138:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
93:
90:
88:
85:
83:
80:
78:
75:
73:
70:
68:
65:
64:
63:
62:
59:
55:
52:
48:
44:
40:
39:
35:
31:
30:
27:
19:
1967:Saint Helena
1938:
1842:South Africa
1836:
1832:Sierra Leone
1637:Burkina Faso
1557:
1541:
1516:
1493:. Retrieved
1487:
1481:
1469:. Retrieved
1459:
1439:
1432:
1423:
1417:
1397:
1390:
1370:
1363:
1355:
1340:
1333:
1323:
1317:
1308:
1299:
1290:
1270:
1263:
1224:Music portal
1105:Gulled Simba
1090:Dur-Dur Band
995:
983:
948:
944:Barre regime
929:
916:
914:
903:
892:
886:
848:
840:
836:
828:
817:
809:
805:
797:
796:Idiophones:
786:
778:
770:
766:
765:Aerophones:
759:
755:
736:
728:include the
723:
718:
714:
706:
698:
656:
611:
527:Christianity
385:
344:
342:
193:Christianity
106:
67:Architecture
26:
1894:recognition
1847:South Sudan
1737:Ivory Coast
1274:. EDT srl.
1145:Sulekha Ali
1059:Abdi Sinimo
899:Abdi Sinimo
851:(one-chord
845:thumb piano
703:songwriters
675:major scale
1949:(Portugal)
1907:Somaliland
1827:Seychelles
1792:Mozambique
1777:Mauritania
1762:Madagascar
1717:The Gambia
1652:Cape Verde
1508:References
1381:1874209812
1185:Sharma Boy
1175:Lil Baliil
1081:Nimco Omer
1054:Aar maanta
1046:Aar Maanta
996:The first
975:bossa nova
925:Ali Feiruz
769:(flutes),
726:Somaliland
671:heptatonic
659:pentatonic
456:Literature
259:Parliament
132:Traditions
92:Literature
1782:Mauritius
1471:22 August
1180:DJ Hunky
837:kinaandha
822:xylophone
711:vocalists
699:lahamiste
695:lyricists
603:Education
294:Education
225:Maay Maay
160:Bravanese
2000:Category
1973: /
1969: /
1962:(France)
1956: /
1934: /
1930: /
1882:Zimbabwe
1857:Tanzania
1707:Ethiopia
1702:Eswatini
1682:Djibouti
1647:Cameroon
1632:Botswana
1196:See also
1085:Yasminah
1002:Hargeisa
986:Hargeisa
841:madhuube
839:(lute),
829:shareero
806:shanbaal
802:clappers
775:clarinet
773:(double
683:Ethiopia
578:Military
569:Politics
536:Language
513:Religion
466:Religion
407:a series
405:Part of
363:Overview
264:Military
250:Politics
207:Language
179:Religion
155:Benadiri
117:Religion
112:Folklore
97:Maritime
43:a series
41:Part of
1958:Réunion
1954:Mayotte
1945:Madeira
1940:(Spain)
1936:Melilla
1867:Tunisia
1837:Somalia
1822:Senegal
1807:Nigeria
1797:Namibia
1787:Morocco
1752:Liberia
1747:Lesotho
1697:Eritrea
1667:Comoros
1642:Burundi
1617:Algeria
1495:28 June
1160:Hudeidi
1006:English
955:Horseed
951:Waaberi
887:Somali
860:History
818:tenegyo
814:rattles
810:shunuuf
800:(metal
783:trumpet
771:sumaari
709:), and
689:or the
663:pitches
583:Economy
476:Tourism
446:History
436:Cuisine
422:Culture
279:Symbols
269:Economy
241:English
236:Italian
231:Soqotri
165:Bajunis
150:Somalis
127:Tourism
87:History
82:Cuisine
58:Culture
1977:
1960:
1947:
1877:Zambia
1872:Uganda
1812:Rwanda
1767:Malawi
1727:Guinea
1622:Angola
1565:
1549:
1524:
1447:
1405:
1378:
1348:
1278:
1130:K'naan
1095:Doni B
1014:Arabic
1010:Somali
853:violin
798:shagal
779:fuugwo
743:and a
719:ciyaar
707:abwaan
667:octave
560:French
555:Arabic
545:Somali
494:Somali
485:People
441:Cinema
409:on the
377:Somali
349:Somali
221:Somali
216:Arabic
170:Bantus
141:People
77:Cinema
45:on the
1932:Ceuta
1852:Sudan
1802:Niger
1757:Libya
1742:Kenya
1722:Ghana
1712:Gabon
1687:Egypt
1627:Benin
1243:Notes
917:kaban
910:kaban
894:balwo
849:seese
791:horns
748:flute
741:drums
737:kaban
687:Sudan
679:Oromo
522:Islam
504:Arabs
471:Sport
461:Music
451:Media
188:Islam
122:Sport
107:Music
102:Media
1862:Togo
1772:Mali
1662:Chad
1563:ISBN
1547:ISBN
1522:ISBN
1497:2014
1473:2017
1445:ISBN
1403:ISBN
1376:ISBN
1346:ISBN
1276:ISBN
1012:and
979:jazz
961:and
953:and
833:lyre
745:reed
733:lute
715:odka
665:per
588:Laws
550:Afar
499:Afar
343:The
274:Laws
967:pop
921:oud
847:),
835:),
816:),
804:),
777:),
730:oud
701:),
681:in
431:Art
390:.
380:oud
72:Art
2002::
1354:.
1251:^
1008:,
977:,
973:,
969:,
946:.
824:);
793:);
785:)
721:.
685:,
359:.
351::
1595:e
1588:t
1581:v
1530:.
1499:.
1475:.
1453:.
1411:.
1384:.
1284:.
1048:.
919:(
855:)
843:(
831:(
820:(
789:(
781:(
735:(
713:(
705:(
697:(
646:e
639:t
632:v
347:(
332:e
325:t
318:v
227:)
223:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
