189:
81:(EEGs) may be worthwhile, but will rarely show any serious pathology. It is believed that because this kind of phenomenon is usually heterogenous in causation, a wide variety of factors need to be considered, which could give a possible explanation for why MES is seen as underdiagnosed. Some of these factors may include significant trauma to the head or any side-effects from substances such as
166:. Though exact causation is uncertain, it has been theorized that the "release phenomenon" is taken into effect. The "release phenomenon" says that individuals with acquired deafness may experience musical hallucinations because of the lack of stimulation, which can give room for the brain to interpret internal sounds as being external.
150:
Hallucinations can be reduced by providing the brain with a percentage of the lost input from hearing loss, and patients can maximize their hearing capability by utilizing hearing aids. Hearing aids can make up some of the patients' hearing loss, and potentially alleviate these musical
58:
a piece of information – in this case a piece of music. A similar occurrence is seen with strokes of the visual cortex where a visual field defect occurs and the brain conjures a piece of visual data to fill the spot. This is described by sufferers as an image in the visual field.
146:
Other than treatment by medicinal means, individuals have also successfully alleviated musical hallucinations by cochlear implants, listening to different songs via an external source, or attempting to block them through mental effort, depending on how severe their condition is.
201:
was said to have heard entire symphonies in his head from which he drew as inspiration for his music, but later in his life this phenomenon had diminished to just a note that played ceaselessly within his head. An alternative explanation is that his symptoms were caused by
196:
Musical hallucinations and MES have only become widely recognizable in the last few decades of research, but there are indications throughout history that have described symptoms of musical hallucinations. The
Romantic composer
627:
217:
MES is typically a harmless disease, but can be somewhat disturbing to patients, and can disrupt their quality of life. MES is not considered a mental illness, but rather a side effect of hearing loss.
177:
associated with the hallucinations may occur, but some degree of insight should be preserved. There should not be any other psychotic symptoms present, especially hallucinations in other modalities.
112:
Given the unknown nature of MES, treatments have been largely dependent on an individual basis. Treatments can vary from being as little as self-reassurance to pharmaceutical medications.
378:
Goycoolea M, Mena I, Neubauer S (April 2006). "Spontaneous musical auditory perceptions in patients who develop abrupt bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. An uninhibition syndrome?".
54:" MES is caused by hypersensitivity in the auditory cortex caused by sensory deprivation, secondary to their hearing loss. This "hole" in the hearing range is "plugged" by the brain
143:, has also found that it successfully treated an individual's MES. However, because of the heterogeneous etiology, these methods cannot be applied as general treatment.
507:
Kanemura, S.; Tanimukai, H.; Tsuneto, S. (December 2010). "Can 'Steroid
Switching' Improve Steroid-Induced Musical Hallucinations in a Patient with Terminal Cancer?".
38:, which is a complex form of auditory hallucinations where an individual may experience music or sounds that are heard without an external source. It is comparable to
169:
Sufferers typically hear music or singing and the condition is more common in women. The hallucinatory experiences differ from that commonly experienced in
469:
Zilles, D.; Zerr, I.; Wedekind, D. (June 2012). "Successful
Treatment of Musical Hallucinations with the Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor Donepezil".
62:
The hallucinations are usually not unpleasant but may irritate due to their persistent nature. It is common for sufferers to have a history of
756:
162:
The occurrence of MES has been suggested to be very high among the hearing impaired through acquired deafness or the ear condition known as
42:(visual hallucinations in visually impaired people) and some have suggested this phenomenon could be included under this diagnosis.
256:
Bhatt, Y.M.; de
Carpentier, J.P (June 2012). "Musical Hallucination Following Whiplash Injury: Case Report and Literature Review".
154:
It is believed that non-drug treatment options are better than drop options for the elderly population that may suffer from MES.
180:
Due to the high correlation with hearing loss, MES is common in the elderly due to their often depreciating hearing abilities.
136:
173:
although there may be some overlap. The most important distinction is the realization that the hallucinations are not real.
299:
Berrios GE, Brook P (1982). "The
Charles Bonnet Syndrome and the Problems of Visual Perceptual Disorder in the Elderly".
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was also recorded as experiencing music hallucinations after some shrapnel was removed from his skull.
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127:, but there is very limited evidence for this. Some case studies have found that switching to a
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MES may occur even when there are little to no symptoms derived from medical testing.
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27:
421:
Berrios GE (Feb 1990). "Musical hallucinations. A historical and clinical study".
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A hearing aid such as this one may be used to help alleviate MES in some patients.
482:
549:ÇAKMAK, Miraç Ayşen; ŞAHİN, Şevki; ÇINAR, Nilgün; KARŞIDAĞ, Sibel (March 2016).
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steroid which caused MES helped alleviate hallucinations or the use of the
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Low, W.-K.; Tham, C. A.; D'Souza, V.-D.; Teng, S.-W. (September 2013).
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hallucinations. However, this is not effective for all patients.
683:"Musical Hallucination in Acquired and Pre-Lingual Deafness"
551:"Frequently Seen But Rarely Diagnosed: Musical Ear Syndrome"
628:"Musical ear syndrome in adult cochlear implant patients"
16:
Auditory hallucination associated with hearing loss
336:"Sensory deprivation and disorders of perception"
26:) describes a condition seen in people who have
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500:
373:
371:
464:
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334:Yuksel FV, Kisa C, Aydemir C, Goka E (2004).
236:– perceiving coherent sounds in random noises
210:used for its treatment. The Russian composer
8:
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251:
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723:"Musical hallucination (musical tinnitus)"
613:Musicophilia: Tales of Music and the Brain
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582:
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632:The Journal of Laryngology & Otology
258:The Journal of Laryngology & Otology
230:– perceiving a pattern where none exists
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471:Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology
34:. "MES" has also been associated with
681:Aziz, V.M.; Asaad, M. (August 2011).
7:
544:
542:
540:
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115:Medications can be helpful, such as
340:The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry
14:
687:International Psychogeriatrics
509:Journal of Palliative Medicine
137:acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
50:It is postulated that by the "
1:
423:British Journal of Psychiatry
757:Psychopathological syndromes
727:British Tinnitus Association
483:10.1097/JCP.0b013e318253a086
778:
615:. New York: Vintage Books.
353:10.1177/070674370404901217
71:magnetic resonance imaging
700:10.1017/S1041610211000809
644:10.1017/S0022215113001758
392:10.1080/00016480500416942
270:10.1017/S0022215112000242
30:and subsequently develop
69:Investigations such as
40:Charles Bonnet syndrome
32:auditory hallucinations
611:Sacks, Oliver (2008).
555:Nöro Psikiyatri Arşivi
380:Acta Oto-Laryngologica
313:10.1093/ageing/11.1.17
193:
36:musical hallucinations
567:10.5152/npa.2015.8815
521:10.1089/jpm.2010.9751
435:10.1192/bjp.156.2.188
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79:electroencephalograms
20:Musical ear syndrome
212:Dmitri Shostakovich
171:psychotic disorders
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175:Delusional beliefs
99:general anesthesia
52:release phenomenon
208:mercury poisoning
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515:(12): 1495–98.
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121:benzodiazepines
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83:antidepressants
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762:Hallucinations
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693:(6): 1015–17.
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638:(9): 854–858.
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125:antiepileptics
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56:confabulating
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730:. Retrieved
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129:prednisolone
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28:hearing loss
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158:Populations
75:CT scanning
746:Categories
732:2022-04-15
429:: 188–94.
241:References
234:Pareidolia
752:Audiology
652:0022-2151
575:1300-0667
561:(1): 91.
286:206237070
228:Apophenia
141:donepezil
108:Treatment
87:marijuana
709:23968300
660:23941807
593:28360776
529:21155649
491:22561476
408:20714997
400:16608788
362:15679215
278:22643207
222:See also
204:syphilis
164:tinnitus
95:procaine
64:tinnitus
668:9308059
584:5353248
451:3210326
443:2180526
321:7041567
184:History
91:alcohol
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46:Causes
664:S2CID
447:S2CID
404:S2CID
282:S2CID
123:, or
97:, or
705:PMID
656:PMID
648:ISSN
589:PMID
571:ISSN
525:PMID
487:PMID
439:PMID
396:PMID
358:PMID
317:PMID
274:PMID
77:and
695:doi
640:doi
636:127
579:PMC
563:doi
517:doi
479:doi
431:doi
427:156
388:doi
384:126
348:doi
309:doi
266:doi
262:126
206:or
73:or
24:MES
748::
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