Cassette tape - Knowledge (XXG)

1149: 1729:" cassette), a version dedicated solely for data storage, and used chiefly for hard disk backups and other types of data. Streamer cassettes look almost exactly the same as a standard cassette, with the exception of having a notch about one quarter-inch wide and deep situated slightly off-center at the top edge of the cassette. Streamer cassettes also have a re-usable write-protect tab on only one side of the top edge of the cassette, with the other side of the top edge having either only an open rectangular hole, or no hole at all. This is due to the entire one-eighth inch width of the tape loaded inside being used by a streamer cassette drive for the writing and reading of data, hence only one side of the cassette being used. Streamer cassettes can hold anywhere from 250 kilobytes to 600 megabytes of data. 1160:, although, because of the limitations of the cassette's size and speed, it initially compared poorly in quality. Unlike the 4-track stereo open-reel format, the two stereo tracks of each side lie adjacent to each other, rather than being interleaved with the tracks of the other side. This permitted monaural cassette players to play stereo recordings "summed" as mono tracks and permitted stereo players to play mono recordings through both speakers. The tape is 0.15 in (3.81 mm) wide, with each mono track 1.5 millimetres (0.059 in) wide, plus an unrecorded guard band between each track. In stereo, each track is further divided into a left and a right channel of 0.6 mm (0.024 in) each, with a gap of 0.3 mm (0.012 in). The tape moves past the playback head at 1323: 1239: 843: 320: 1738: 656:

dictionary at one point defining the term as such without reference to Sony—that the Austrian Supreme Court ruled in 2002 that Sony, which had not sought to have the publisher of that dictionary retract that definition, could not prevent other companies from using that name, as it had now become genericized. As a result of this, a number of Sony's competitors produced their own version of the Walkman. Others made their own branded tape players, like JVC, Panasonic, Sharp, and Aiwa, the second-largest producer of the devices.

1685: 334: 1534:, oral history, meeting and interview transcripts, audio-books, and so on. Police are still big buyers of cassette tapes, as some lawyers "don't trust digital technology for interviews". However, they are starting to give way to Compact Discs and more "compact" digital storage media. Prerecorded cassettes were also employed as a way of providing chemotherapy information to recently diagnosed cancer patients as studies found anxiety and fear often gets in the way of the information processing. 1670: 411: 1387: 1375: 581:, the TPS-L2, went on sale on 1 July 1979, as cassettes provided portability, which vinyl records could not. While portable radios and boom boxes had been around for some time, the Walkman was the first truly personal portable music player, one that not only allowed users to listen to music away from home, but to do so in private. According to the technology news website The Verge, "the world changed" on the day the TPS-L2 was released. Stereo tape decks and 589: 1501: 694: 1770: 47: 8356: 1477:

targeted at older drivers, were offered with the option of a cassette player, either by itself or sometimes in combination with a CD slot. Most new cars can still accommodate aftermarket cassette players, and the auxiliary jack advertised for MP3 players can be used also with portable cassette players, but 2011 was the first model year for which no American manufacturer offered factory-installed cassette players.

1453: 1483: 991: 5389: 383: 397: 642:. Willem Andriessen wrote that the development in technology allowed "hardware designers to discover and satisfy one of the collective desires of human beings all over the world, independent of region, climate, religion, culture, race, sex, age and education: the desire to enjoy music at any time, at any place, in any desired sound quality and almost at any wanted price". Critic 56: 479:. By 1966 over 250,000 recorders had been sold in the US alone and Japan soon became the major source of recorders. By 1968, 85 manufacturers had sold over 2.4 million players. By the end of the 1960s, the cassette business was worth an estimated 150 million dollars. By the early 1970s the compact cassette machines were outselling other types of tape machines by a large margin. 8366: 7762: 1541:(Super Dynamic Range, also called XDR, or eXtended Dynamic Range) soundburst tones, at the beginning and end of the tape, heard in order of low frequency to high. These were used during SDR/XDR's duplication process to gauge the quality of the tape medium. Many consumers objected to these tones since they were not part of the recorded music. 1604: 1549:

In the simplest configuration, rather than playing a pair of stereo channels of each side of the cassette, the typical "portastudio" used a four-track tape head assembly to access four tracks on the cassette at once (with the tape playing in one direction). Each track could be recorded to, erased, or

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A common mechanical problem occurs when a defective player or resistance in the tape path causes insufficient tension on the take-up spool. This would cause the magnetic tape to be fed out through the bottom of the cassette and become tangled in the mechanism of the player. In these cases, the player

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Tape length usually is measured in minutes of total playing time. Many of the varieties of blank tape were C60 (30 minutes per side), C90 (45 minutes per side) and C120 (60 minutes per side). Maxell makes 150-minute cassettes (UR-150) - 75 minutes per side. The C46 and C60 lengths typically are 15 to

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in 2014. They reported that they had produced more than 10 million tapes in 2014 and that sales were up 20 percent the following year, their best year since they opened in 1969. In 2016, cassette sales in the United States rose by 74% to 129,000. In 2018, following several years of shortage, National

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audio tracks are available on the tape; one stereo pair or one monophonic track is played or recorded when the tape is moving in one direction and the second (pair) when moving in the other direction. This reversal is achieved either by manually flipping the cassette when the tape comes to an end, or

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that producing equipment that facilitated the dubbing of cassettes, in this case a high-speed twin cassette deck that allowed one cassette to be copied directly onto another, did not constitute copyright infringement by the manufacturer. In a similar case, a shop owner who rented cassettes and sold

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iron oxide (Avilyn) was introduced by TDK in 1974 and proved very successful. "Type IV" tapes using pure metal particles (as opposed to oxide formulations) were introduced in 1979 by 3M under the trade name Metafine. The tape coating on most cassettes sold as of 2024 are either "normal" or "chrome"

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and smartphones, and generally are more reliable than the FM transmitters that must be used to adapt CD players and digital audio players to car stereo systems. Digital audio players shaped as cassettes have also become available, which can be inserted into any cassette player and communicate with

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Many will recall fiddling around with volume controls on their computer cassette decks in the hope that Manic Miner would actually load and not crash after 30 minutes of listening to beeps and crackles. ... 'I remember listening to Elite load on the BBC Micro for half an hour, only for it to

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used very reliable, but slow, digital encoding. In some countries, including the United Kingdom, Poland, Hungary, and the Netherlands, cassette data storage was so popular that some radio stations would broadcast computer programs that listeners could record onto cassette and then load into their

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obsolete in car installations because of space, performance, and audio quality. In the 1990s and 2000s, as the cost of building CD players declined, many manufacturers offered a CD player. The CD player eventually supplanted the cassette deck as standard equipment, but some cars, especially those

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were developed to provide an economical and clear way to obtain CD functionality in vehicles equipped with cassette decks but no CD player. A portable CD player would have its analog line-out connected to the adapter, which in turn fed the signal to the head of the cassette deck. These adapters

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As with prerecorded reel-to-reel and 8-track, sales were slow to start, but picked up rapidly to tie with the 8-track before superseding it by the early '70s. By 1968, 85 manufacturers had sold over 2.4 million mono and stereo players. By the end of the 1960s, the cassette business was worth an

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and enclosing it, with its reels, in a small case (cartridge)—hence "cassette". These spools and their attendant parts are held inside a protective plastic shell which is 4 by 2.5 by 0.5 inches (10.2 cm × 6.35 cm × 1.27 cm) at its largest dimensions. The tape itself is

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Between 1985, when cassettes overtook vinyl, and 1992, when they were overtaken by CDs (introduced in 1983 as a format that offered greater storage capacity and more accurate sound), the cassette tape was the most popular format in the United States and the UK. Record labels experimented with

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Cassettes' ability to allow users to record content in public also led to a boom in bootleg cassettes made at live shows in the 1980s. The Walkman dominated the decade, selling up to 350 million units. So synonymous did the name "Walkman" become with all portable music players—with a German

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in many countries such as the United Kingdom (where 8-bit software was mostly sold on cassette until that market disappeared altogether in the early 1990s). Reliability of cassettes for data storage is inconsistent, with many users recalling repeated attempts to load video games; the

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By 1993, annual shipments of CD players had reached 5 million, up 21% from the year before; while cassette player shipments had dropped 7% to approximately 3.4 million. Sales of pre-recorded music cassettes in the US dropped from 442 million in 1990 to 274,000 by 2007. For

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Different interpretations of the cassette standard resulted in a 4 dB ambiguity at 16 kHz. Technically, both camps in this debate were still within the original cassette specification as no tolerance for frequency response is provided above 12.5 kHz and all

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Tapematic 2002 audio cassette loaders, used to wind ("load") magnetic tape from tape reels ("pancakes") in the machine into empty cassette tape shells (known as C-0s or C-Zeros). The C-0s have just leader which is cut into two and the tape is attached to the leader, then

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process combined with a double-coating technique to enhance overall tape output levels. This product was marketed as "High Energy" under its Scotch brand of recording tapes. Inexpensive cassettes commonly are labeled "low-noise", but typically are not optimized for high

690:, creating a foothold for Western culture among the younger generations. Likewise, in Egypt cassettes empowered an unprecedented number of people to create culture, circulate information, and challenge ruling regimes before the internet became publicly accessible. 1247:

16 micrometers (0.59 to 0.63 mils) thick, but C90s are 10 to 11 μm (0.39 to 0.43 mils) and (the less common) C120s are just 6 μm (0.24 mils) thick, rendering them more susceptible to stretching or breakage. Even C180 tapes were available at one point.

955:, started selling new pre-recorded cassettes (both new and old albums), blank cassettes, and players. In 2016, cassette sales increased, a trend that continued in 2017 and 2018. In the UK, sales of cassette tapes in 2021 reached its highest number since 2003. 1654:

blank tapes was not liable for copyright infringement even though it was clear that his customers likely were dubbing them at home. In both cases, the courts held that manufacturers and retailers could not be held accountable for the actions of consumers.

1762:(DCC), a DAT-like tape in almost the same shell as a Compact Cassette. It was aimed primarily at the consumer market. A DCC deck could play back both types of cassettes. Unlike DAT, which was accepted in professional usage because it could record without 627:; compact cassettes were small enough that a thief could easily place one inside a pocket and walk out of a shop without being noticed. To prevent this, retailers in the US would place cassettes inside oversized "spaghetti box" containers or locked 1294:

The head-gap width is 2 μm which gives a theoretical maximum frequency of about 12 kHz (at the standard speed of 1 7/8 ips or 4.76 cm/s). A narrower gap would give a higher frequency limit but also weaker magnetization.

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models eventually were standardized as a front-loading door into which a cassette would be loaded. Later models would adopt electronic buttons, and replace conventional meters (which could be "pegged" when overloaded) with electronic

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In the early 1960s Philips Eindhoven tasked two different teams to design a tape cartridge for thinner and narrower tape compared to what was used in reel-to-reel tape recorders. By 1962, the Vienna division of Philips developed a

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themselves and create simple multitrack recordings easily, which could then be mixed down to a finished stereo version on an external machine. To increase audio quality in these recorders, the tape speed sometimes was doubled to

1006:; note the removal of the tabs on the second of these, meaning the tape is write-protected. Type III was a combination of Types I and II but never gained the popularity of the other three types and was made obsolete by Type IV. 490:(with their DC International format ) in a race to establish its cassette tape as the worldwide standard, and it wanted support from Japanese electronics manufacturers. Philips' Compact Cassette became dominant as a result of 890:

Sony announced the end of cassette Walkman production on 22 October 2010, a result of the emergence of MP3 players such as Apple's iPod. As of 2022, Sony uses the Walkman brand solely for its line of digital media players.

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However, the system had been designed initially for dictation and portable use, with the audio quality of early players not well suited for music. Some early models also had an unreliable mechanical design. In 1971, the

1623:". However, many claimed that the medium was ideal for spreading new music and would increase sales, and strongly defended their right to copy at least their own records onto tape. For a limited time in the early 1980s 1148: 570:) tape, with a commercial-grade tape transport mechanism supplied by the Wollensak camera division of 3M Corporation. This resulted in the format being taken more seriously for musical use, and started the era of 1757:

recorders marking the peak of Compact Cassette technology. Anticipating the switch from analog to digital format, major companies, such as Sony, shifted their focus to new media. In 1992, Philips introduced the

756:, drawing criticism from conservatives while at the same time creating a huge market for legitimate recording companies, as well as pirated tapes. Some sales channels were associated with cassettes: in Spain 1215:

Very simple cassette recorders for dictation purposes did not tightly control tape speed and relied on playback on a similar device to maintain intelligible recordings. For accurate reproduction of music, a

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stated in 2009, "I only listen to cassettes." By 2019, few companies still made cassettes. Among those are National Audio Company, from the US, and Mulann, also known as Recording The Masters, from France.

4051: 664:, called a "cassingle", was also part of this era and featured a music single in Compact Cassette form. Until 2005, cassettes remained the dominant medium for purchasing and listening to music in some 4373: 804:

well into the decade. Cassette players were typically more resistant to shocks than CD players, and their lower fidelity was not considered a serious drawback in mobile use. With the introduction of

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Notches on the top surface of the Compact Cassette indicate its type. The rear-most cassette at the top of this picture, with only write-protect notches (here covered by write-protect tabs), is

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Simple voice recorders and earlier cassette decks are designed to work with standard ferric formulations. Newer tape decks usually are built with switches and later detectors for the different

1212:-inch 4-track consumer format used tape that is 0.248 inches (6.3 mm) wide, each track .043 in (1.1 mm) wide, and running at either twice or four times the speed of a cassette. 585:

became some of the most highly sought-after consumer products of both decades, as the ability of users to take their music with them anywhere with ease led to its popularity around the globe.

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Because of consumer demand, the cassette has remained influential on design, more than a decade after its decline as a media mainstay. As the Compact Disc grew in popularity, cassette-shaped

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During the early 1980s some record labels sought to solve this problem by introducing new, larger packages for cassettes which would allow them to be displayed alongside vinyl records and

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Magnetic tape is not an ideal medium for long-term archival storage, as it begins to degrade after 10 – 20 years, with some experts estimating its lifespan to be no more than 30 years.

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In a mono arrangement, each track is 1.5mm per side across the 3.8mm tape width. For stereo, the left and right tracks are only 0.6mm apiece, with 0.3mm separation to avoid crosstalk.

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above 12.5 kHz are considered optional. Decreasing noise at 16 kHz also decreases the maximum signal level at 16 kHz, the High-Frequency Dynamics stay almost constant.

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ease of use, and a nostalgic fondness for how the format's imperfections lend greater vibrancy to low-fi, experimental music, despite the lack of the "full-bodied richness" of vinyl.

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company installed booths in record stores across America that allowed customers to make personalized mixtapes from a digitally encoded back-catalogue with customised printed covers.

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in/s) as playback quality was not critical. The cassette soon became a medium for distributing prerecorded music—initially through the Philips Record Company (and subsidiary labels

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notches, Type II have an additional pair next to the write protection ones, and Type IV (metal) have a third set near the middle of the top of the cassette shell. These allow later

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innovative packaging designs. A designer during the era explained: "There was so much money in the industry at the time, we could try anything with design." The introduction of the

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removed the phrase "cassette player" from its 12th edition Concise version, which prompted some media sources to mistakenly report that the term "cassette tape" was being removed.

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converts the electrical signals to be read by the tape head, while mechanical gears simulate reel to reel movement without actual tapes when driven by the player mechanism.

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was widely recognized as one of the first companies to create decks that rivaled reel-to-reel decks with full 20–20,000 Hz frequency response, low noise, and very low

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If the cassette is held with one of the labels facing the user and the tape opening at the bottom, the write-protect notch for the corresponding side is at the top-left.

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Andriessen, Willem (1999). ""THE WINNER": Compact Cassette. A Commercial and Technological Look Back at the Greatest Success Story in the History of Audio Up to Now".

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The cassette quickly found use in the commercial music industry. One artifact found on some commercially produced music cassettes was a sequence of test tones, called

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In South Korea, the early English education boom for toddlers encourages a continuous demand for English language cassettes, as of 2011, due to the affordable cost.

8445: 5249: 3266:[Music and "clandestinidad" During the Time of the Chilean Dictatorship: Repression and the Circulation of Music of Resistance and Clandestine Cassettes]. 722: 686:

Compact cassettes served as catalysts for social change. Their small size, durability and ease of copying helped bring underground rock and punk music behind the

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varied widely. Auto manufacturers in the US typically would fit a cassette slot into their standard large radio faceplates. Europe and Asia would standardize on

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Audio Company began producing their own magnetic tape, becoming the world's first known manufacturer of an all-new tape stock. Mulann, a company which acquired

358:. First used in studios to record radio programs, tape recorders quickly found their way into schools and homes. By 1953, 1 million US homes had tape machines. 4162: 772:

Despite sales of CDs overtaking those of prerecorded cassettes in the early 1990s in the U.S., the format remained popular for specific applications, such as

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Floppy disk storage had become the standard data storage medium in the United States by the mid-1980s; for example, by 1983 the majority of software sold by

1011: 7680: 2874: 1338:) patented the Special Mechanism or Security Mechanism advertised with the abbreviation SM in the early 1970s, which was temporarily used under license by 1110:

consists of ferric oxide and cobalt mixed in varying ratios (and using various processes); there are very few cassettes on the market that use a pure (CrO

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In 2010, Botswana-based Diamond Studios announced plans for establishing a plant to mass-produce cassettes in a bid to combat piracy. It opened in 2011.

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inches per second (4.76 cm/s), the speed being a continuation of the increasingly slower speed series in open-reel machines operating at 30, 15,

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in 1981, cited the proliferation of personal stereos as well as extra tracks not available on LP as reasons for the surge in popularity of cassettes.

6614: 3843: 1797:, the phenomenon of "home taping" has effectively switched to recording to a Compact Disc or downloading from commercial or music-sharing websites. 900:

National Audio Company in Missouri, the largest of the few remaining manufacturers of audio cassettes in the US, oversaw the mass production of the

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estimated 150 million dollars. By the early 1970s the compact cassette machines were outselling other types of tape machines by a large margin.

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largely supplanted the full-sized cassette in situations where voice-level fidelity is all that is required, such as in dictation machines and

1322: 820:, the final year that cassettes represented more than 50% of total market sales was 2002 when they were replaced by CDs as the dominant media. 4585: 2417: 7741: 4977: 4326: 3328: 3243: 3161: 3134: 2834: 2688: 2621: 436: 2570: 435:

Philips selected the two-spool cartridge as a winner and introduced the 2-track 2-direction mono version in Europe on 28 August 1963 at the

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by lowering the noise level and increasing the maximum signal level before distortion occurs. Multi-track cassette recorders with built-in

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Montoya Arias, Luis Omar; Díaz Güemez, Marco Aurelio (12 September 2017). "Etnografía de la música mexicana en Chile: Estudio de caso".

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often featured a display selling cassettes. While offering also mainstream music these cassettes became associated with genres such as

8425: 8331: 3218: 2580: 2362: 4843: 4415: 1619:), their friends' records, or music from the radio. This practice was condemned by the music industry with such alarmist slogans as " 1587:(compression of the signal during recording with equal and opposite expansion of the signal during playback), which yields increased 1449:"head room extension" system for reliably reducing tape saturation effects at high frequencies while maintaining higher bias levels. 1220:

incorporating a capstan and pinch roller system was used, to ensure tape passed over the record/playback heads at a constant speed.

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In the early years sound quality was mediocre, but it improved dramatically by the early 1970s when it caught up with the quality of

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Patent EP 0078997 A2 – Bandkassette mit einem Aufzeichnungsträger mit Magnetspur und Echolöscheinrichtungen für solche Bandkassetten

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Cassette tapes are made of a polyester-type plastic film with a magnetic coating. The original magnetic material was based on gamma

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British record labels began releasing compact cassettes in October 1967, and they exploded as a mass-market medium after the first

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in the 2000s, the Walkman defined the portable music market for the decade of the '80s, with cassette sales overtaking those of

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and Phillips cassette diagrams on p.21; extensive expert discussion of cassette, and comparisons to competitors, on pp.21-22.)

7053: 4496: 1933: 908: 672:(CD) technology had superseded the Compact Cassette in the vast majority of music markets throughout the world by this time. 3718: 1910: 1250:

Other lengths are (or were) also available from some vendors, including C10, C12 and C15 (useful for saving data from early

5298: 7460: 7085: 6294: 5595: 3901: 3263: 3002: 1632: 1238: 7655: 7480: 7397: 7321: 7159: 6469: 5394: 5271: 1620: 559: 6563: 6013: 5413: 3396: 8435: 8395: 7855: 7675: 7090: 6274: 5448: 5257: 4122: 3264:"Música y clandestinidad en dictadura: la represión, la circulación de músicas de resistencia y el casete clandestino" 785: 319: 6091: 5802: 3995: 1002:. The bottom two cassettes, featuring the Type II notches plus an additional pair in the center of the cassette, are 4525: 4166: 3514: 2959:"As Apple kills off the iPod ... here are 5 other pieces of beloved tech we've said goodbye to in the past 20 years" 1737: 842: 8290: 7830: 7422: 7331: 6846: 6782: 6670: 6630: 6397: 6378: 1411: 805: 5887: 4213: 3817: 2768: 1282:

width is 1.5 mm. In stereo mode each channel has width of 0.6 mm with a 0.3 mm separation to avoid

550:, a US affiliate of Philips, introduced M.C. to the US in July 1966. The initial offering consisted of 49 titles. 8440: 8430: 8115: 8073: 7645: 7543: 7523: 7364: 7189: 7128: 7046: 6999: 6970: 6805: 6181: 5981: 5957: 5951: 5945: 5939: 5238:

Gijs Moes (31 October 1996). "Successor of cassette failed: Philips stops production of DCC". Eindhovens Dagblad.

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are most common today, analog tape remains a desirable option for certain artists and consumers. Underground and

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Jordán González, Laura (2019). "Chile: Modern and Contemporary Performance Practice". In Sturman, Janet (ed.).

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and signal routing features ranged from easy-to-use beginner units up to professional-level recording systems.

1518:. In this capacity, some later-model cassette-based dictation machines could also run the tape at half speed (⁄ 301:

by the reversal of tape movement, known as "auto-reverse", when the mechanism detects that the tape has ended.

174: 6235: 6085: 5881: 5850: 5164: 1785:. Microcassettes have in turn given way to digital recorders of various descriptions. Since the rise of cheap 6163: 5844: 4894: 3024: 1393:

RX-505 cassette deck. It has an auto reverse feature that rotates the cassette, hence the bump in the middle.

1342:. This feature each includes a rail to guide the tape to the spool and prevent an unclean roll from forming. 8415: 7154: 6958: 6935: 6753: 6735: 6729: 6247: 6193: 4864:

Aston, Val. "Chemotherapy Information for Patients and their Families: Audio Cassettes, a New Way Forward".

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circles, out of a fondness for the format. Even among major-label stars, the form has at least one devotee:

5409: 4343:"Which Type of Audio Cassette Tape is Right for You : Type 1, 2 or 4 ? - Cassette Player Culture" 1966: 8410: 8390: 8105: 7935: 6881: 6799: 6211: 6037: 5796: 5737: 5465: 5441: 2154: 1819: 1693: 1684: 730: 623:

achieved popularity for a period in the 1990s. Another barrier to cassettes overtaking vinyl in sales was

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inch (0.125 in; 3.17 mm) wide, but actually slightly larger, at 0.15 inches (3.81 mm). Two

73: 6025: 5838: 5832: 4994: 4018:"Eien no Motto Hate Made / Wakusei ni Naritai [Cassette Tape] [Limited Edition / Type C]" 3853: 1048:

Type I tapes have been marketed specifically as better suited for data storage than for sound recording.

255:), or as a fully recordable "blank" cassette. Both forms have two sides and are reversible by the user. 8033: 7791: 7412: 7326: 6007: 5654: 2714: 2054: 1801: 1580: 1576: 1303: 1126: 718: 6103: 6031: 3766: 3683:"French firm opens factory making first cassettes since 1990s after artists like Taylor Swift go retro" 333: 5893: 5790: 4765: 4092: 2174: 1669: 1472:. In the 1980s, a high-end installation would have a Dolby AM/FM cassette deck, and they rendered the 958:

Cassettes are favored by some artists and listeners, including those of older genres of music such as

7553: 7518: 7164: 7139: 7022: 6834: 6518: 6372: 6127: 6073: 6061: 6055: 5867: 5607: 4191: 4138:"Let's get physical: new BPI report shows vinyl & cassettes sales surge, decline of the CD slows" 3946: 3660: 2299: 2028: 1806: 1794: 1122: 789: 425: 6403: 6199: 5975: 5826: 4720: 4342: 1414:, with level controls typically being controlled by either rotary controls or side-by-side sliders. 8211: 8013: 7237: 6964: 6899: 6852: 6776: 6717: 6512: 6480: 6157: 6079: 6001: 5561: 5545: 5537: 4590: 2449: 2427: 1714: 1398: 1369: 410: 6043: 5814: 5808: 4626: 3421: 1258:), C30, C40, C50, C54, C64, C70, C74, C80, C84, C94, C100, C105, C110, and C150. As late as 2010, 808:

it became possible to use portable CD players on the go, and automotive CD players became viable.

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effects, DCC failed in home, mobile and professional environments, and was discontinued in 1996.

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was said to have "eaten" or "chewed" the tape, often destroying the playability of the cassette.

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allow external audio sources to be played back from any tape player, but were typically used for

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Technical development of the cassette effectively ceased when digital recordable media, such as

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In India, music continued to be released on the cassette format due to its low cost until 2009.

5114: 921:, also started production of its new cassette tape stock in 2018, basing on reel tape formula. 588: 8341: 7893: 7475: 7359: 7336: 7197: 6864: 6317: 6151: 5630: 4973: 4818: 4322: 4318: 4312: 3895: 3593: 3587: 3324: 3239: 3214: 3183: 3157: 3130: 3051: 2830: 2684: 2661: 2617: 2576: 2358: 2330: 2304: 1824: 1782: 1763: 1515: 1508: 1442: 1415: 1255: 967: 963: 866:

communities release regularly, and sometimes exclusively, on cassette format, particularly in

702: 616: 612: 510: 4671: 3455: 1125:

requirements for higher grade tapes. The most common are iron oxide tapes (as defined by the

827:

Four years prior, Sony had stopped the production of personal cassette players. In 2011, the

8369: 8359: 8254: 8206: 7784: 7650: 7589: 7548: 7455: 7432: 7402: 7247: 7207: 7077: 7069: 6741: 6699: 6175: 6133: 5899: 5648: 5636: 5613: 5583: 5577: 5571: 5510: 5320: 4653: 3275: 2883: 2804: 2224: 1500: 1435: 1133: 1056: 948: 693: 681: 600: 2303:. Vol. 79, no. 44. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. 4 November 1967. pp. 1, 72. 1262:

still offered C10, C20, C30 and C40 IEC Type II tape cassettes for use with 4- and 8-track

1132:

Notches on top of the cassette shell indicate the type of tape. Type I cassettes have only

990: 701:

One of the political uses of cassette tapes was the dissemination of sermons by the exiled

8326: 8300: 8181: 8176: 8171: 8100: 7940: 7930: 7920: 7915: 7624: 7599: 7584: 7485: 7470: 7445: 7174: 7169: 6711: 6524: 6115: 5927: 5473: 5302: 5080: 5025: 4423: 4311:

Werner Abelshauser; Wolfgang von Hippel; Jeffrey Allan Johnson; Raymond G. Stokes (2003).

3475: 2422: 1844: 1769: 1709: 1638:

Various legal cases arose surrounding the dubbing of cassettes. In the UK, in the case of

1612: 1530:

in the US). As of 2009, one still found cassettes used for a variety of purposes, such as

1527: 1523: 1427: 1402: 1079:, the inventor and longtime manufacturer of magnetic recording tape. Next, coatings using 937: 793: 777: 757: 661: 620: 354:, using equipment obtained in Germany as a starting point, began commercial production of 350:, magnetic tape recording technology proliferated across the world. In the United States, 251:

Compact Cassettes come in two forms, either containing content as a prerecorded cassette (

3468: 2156:

International standard IEC 60094-7: Magnetic tape sound recording and reproducing systems

998:. The next cassette down, with additional notches adjacent to the write-protect tabs, is 5224: 4107: 453:

came a year later. The team of Dutch and Belgian origin at Philips was led by the Dutch

8336: 8321: 8264: 8166: 8110: 8018: 7660: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7569: 7387: 7382: 7118: 6530: 6427: 6259: 6223: 5769: 5743: 5666: 5601: 5589: 5565: 1938: 1849: 1646: 1624: 1607:

A Magnavox dual deck recorder with high-speed dubbing. Doors are open showing capstans.

1592: 1473: 1217: 971: 883: 863: 859: 797: 631:, either of which would significantly inhibit browsing, thus reducing cassette sales. 273:

Compact Cassettes contain two miniature spools, between which the magnetically coated,

80: 2887: 1152:

Visualization of the magnetic field on a stereo cassette containing a 1kHz audio tone.

46: 8384: 8295: 8269: 8259: 8161: 7845: 7747: 7716: 7417: 7351: 7295: 7265: 7202: 7179: 7113: 6893: 6887: 6811: 6599: 6551: 6366: 6358: 6341: 6326: 6205: 5992: 5919: 5717: 5678: 5525: 5097: 3318: 2611: 2089: 1839: 1778: 1588: 1363: 1251: 1137: 944: 943:

In the mid-to-late 2010s, cassette sales saw a modest resurgence concurrent with the

925: 871: 571: 530:

The mass production of "blank" (not yet recorded) Compact Cassettes began in 1964 in

388:

Operating instructions for the Philips/Norelco Cartridge Tape Carry-Corder 150 (1964)

355: 263: 229: 85: 3280: 3074: 2853:

Gans, David (June 1983). "Packaging Innovations Raise Cassettes' In-store Profile".

2660:. Vol. 78, no. 29. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. 16 July 1966. p. 69. 2532: 2329:. Vol. 79, no. 14. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. 8 April 1967. p. 18. 2202: 1688:

A streamer cassette for data storage, adapted from the audio Compact Cassette format

1452: 619:

sales remained higher well into the 1980s due to greater sales of singles, although

8249: 8216: 8201: 8196: 8191: 7998: 7490: 7450: 7392: 7285: 7255: 7212: 7134: 6705: 6253: 5660: 5493: 5487: 5433: 4530: 4260: 3942:"U.S. Cassette Album Sales Increased by 74% in 2016, Led by 'Guardians' Soundtrack" 3610: 2935: 2719: 2125: 2102: 1971: 1854: 1790: 1725:

The cassette was adapted into what is called a streamer cassette (also known as a "

1697: 1482: 1140:

to detect the tape type automatically and select the proper bias and equalization.

1096: 1017: 975: 824: 761: 753: 729:

music or music that was by other reasons not available as records was shared. Some

726: 687: 669: 635: 628: 593: 502: 347: 226: 145: 4880: 4500: 2555: 1906: 1383:

The first cassette machines (e.g. the Philips EL 3300, introduced in August 1963)

737:

that have in retrospect received praise for their contributions to popular music.

5377: 3795: 2246: 277:-type plastic film (magnetic tape) is passed and wound—essentially miniaturizing 8095: 7850: 7731: 7726: 7685: 7670: 7594: 7579: 7538: 7495: 7311: 6693: 6300: 6282: 6169: 6109: 5933: 5551: 5306: 4801: 4581: 4566: 3962:"The world was running out of cassette tape. Now it's being made in Springfield" 3722: 3705:"National Audio Company now has a cassette-making competitor. They're in France" 3569:"Oxford Dictionary Removes 'Cassette Tape,' Gets Sound Lashing From Audiophiles" 3096: 2772: 1701: 1538: 1263: 1095:'s Audua were produced in an attempt to approach or exceed the sound quality of 879: 875: 639: 624: 555: 241: 5194: 5143: 8229: 8221: 8140: 7878: 7721: 7711: 7528: 7316: 7280: 7149: 7144: 6494: 6488: 6121: 5749: 5555: 5499: 5216: 5049: 4017: 1869: 1696:

was on floppy. Cassette remained more popular for 8-bit computers such as the

1674: 1531: 1465: 1105: 1029: 933: 608: 483: 454: 362: 237: 55: 3917:"This Company Is Still Making Audio Cassettes and Sales Are Better Than Ever" 2665: 2334: 2308: 464:

Philips also offered a machine to play and record the cassettes, the Philips

8135: 8090: 8043: 7341: 7260: 6587: 6433: 6145: 6067: 5731: 5725: 5706: 5672: 5481: 3177: 3151: 2098: 1658: 1584: 1505: 1423: 1390: 1307: 1283: 1118: 1080: 952: 817: 812:

drives and media also became affordable for consumers around the same time.

781: 773: 446: 396: 274: 108: 17: 4694: 4526:"Happy 50th birthday, Compact Cassette: How it struck a chord for millions" 3371: 270:

is normally used to refer to the Compact Cassette because of its ubiquity.

5095:

continually fail at 98 per cent complete,' recalls Luke Peters, editor of

4555: 3478:(also includes some historical perspective in the 1950s by Marianne Roney) 505:

and kept improving. The Compact Cassette went on to become a popular (and

8186: 8130: 8058: 7910: 7883: 7533: 7510: 7500: 7440: 7227: 6747: 6723: 6687: 6652: 6569: 6500: 6457: 6451: 6439: 6409: 6187: 5119: 2548: 1750: 1719: 1469: 1446: 1275: 959: 582: 297: 2825:

Paul du Gay; Stuart Hall; Linda Janes; Hugh Mackay; Keith Negus (1997).

1967:"Are You for Reel? How the Compact Cassette Struck a Chord for Millions" 1456:

Radio–cassette players of the design also called "ghetto-blasters" and "

970:, some of whom were releasing new music on tape by the 2020s, including 402:

One of the first cassette recorders from Philips, the Typ EL 3302 (1968)

8285: 8125: 8023: 8008: 7807: 7629: 7374: 6858: 6664: 6557: 6288: 6241: 5701: 5397:

was created from a revision of this article dated 23 May 2011

1754: 1650: 1641: 1616: 1551: 1457: 1419: 851: 801: 578: 531: 495: 487: 473: 458: 441: 245: 134: 5421: 4453: 3346:"Las cintas de casete pasan de la gasolinera a la Biblioteca Nacional" 764:, light music and joke tapes that were common in the 1970s and 1980s. 8120: 8028: 6770: 4314:

German Industry and Global Enterprise: BASF: The History of a Company

3488: 2808: 1834: 1100: 1052: 1033: 929: 847: 5253: 1603: 7038: 3538:"Reports of the death of the cassette tape are greatly exaggerated" 2418:"Rewound: On its 50th birthday, the cassette tape is still rolling" 7835: 7695: 7665: 6993: 6987: 6952: 6840: 6828: 6445: 6306: 6217: 4475: 2906:"The Pop Life; Cassettes Now Have Material Not Available On Disks" 1768: 1736: 1726: 1683: 1668: 1602: 1499: 1481: 1451: 1385: 1373: 1335: 1321: 1237: 1147: 989: 841: 692: 587: 351: 96:

Most commonly 30, 45, and 60 minutes per side (C60, C90, and C120)

4898: 4586:"Digitize Those Memory-Filled Cassettes before They Disintegrate" 2495: 2493: 2153:"Part 7: Cassette for commercial tape records and domestic use". 1753:, were introduced in the late 1980s and early-to-mid 1990s, with 1615:) the owner's records (as backup, to play in the car, or to make 638:, or giving them a further market advantage over vinyl by adding 8048: 7465: 6658: 6575: 6421: 5781: 5761: 3876:"Meet The Owner Of America's Last Awesome Cassette Tape Factory" 1786: 1741:

Size comparison of Elcaset (left) with standard Compact Cassette

1339: 1331: 1076: 918: 809: 714: 706: 491: 7780: 7042: 6603: 5437: 2742:"40 years ago, the Sony Walkman changed how we listen to music" 1422:

briefly offered models that could be run at double speeds, but

7232: 7005: 1864: 1705: 1407: 1092: 979: 823:

The last new car with an available cassette player was a 2014

365:

introduced the stereo, quarter-inch, reversible, reel-to-reel

61: 3320:

Cassette Culture: Popular Music and Technology in North India

2533:"Grundig C 100 and the early history of the Compact Cassette" 713:, in which Khomeini urged the overthrow of the regime of the 5375: 546:; M.C. for short) were launched in Europe in late 1965. The 7574: 4969:

Office Management: Developing Skills for Smooth Functioning

3719:"End Of An Era: Sony Stops Manufacturing Cassette Walkmans" 7776: 5272:"Phonograph records and prerecorded audio tapes and disks" 3101:"Total rewind: 10 key moments in the life of the cassette" 2931:"Total rewind: 10 key moments in the life of the cassette" 1657:

As an alternative to home dubbing, in the late 1980s, the

978:. Reasons cited for this include tradition, low cost, the 2616:. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. 2388: 2386: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2378: 2376: 2374: 1571: inches per second, in comparison to the standard 1⁄ 1202:

inches per second. For comparison, the typical open-reel

4037:"SHINee Vol. 5 - 1 of 1 (Cassette Tape Limited Edition)" 3796:"Zimbabwe: Diamond Studios to Commission Cassette Plant" 3515:"Sony kills the cassette Walkman on the iPod's birthday" 3236:

The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Music and Culture

1611:

Most cassettes were sold blank, and used for recording (

1514:

The Compact Cassette originally was intended for use in

262:

tape cassette formats have also existed—for example the

5427: 4499:. Thomann U.K. International Cyperstore. Archived from 4214:"Popular/Major Releases on Cassette [2021 NEW]" 3025:"Rewind! A guide to the best portable cassette players" 2287:. Continuum International Publishing Group, 2003, p.506 1330:

In order to wind up the tape more reliably, the former

1063:) manufacturing process, began commercialization of CrO 282:

commonly referred to as "eighth-inch" tape, supposedly

4163:"Vad händer med dansbandsutgivningen när Bert säljer?" 3592:(4 ed.). New Delhi: Sage India. pp. 184–90. 3300:

Revista Electrónica de Divulgación de la Investigación

749:(MIR) made use of cassettes to spread their messages. 5195:"Streamer Cassette (D/CAS) (late 1980s – late 1990s)" 4744:"Cassette Equalization: The 4 dB ambiguity at 16 kHz" 4123:"UK cassette sales grew by 90% in first half of 2018" 3179:

Media of the Masses: Cassette Culture in Modern Egypt

3153:

Media of the Masses: Cassette Culture in Modern Egypt

2827:

Doing Cultural Studies: The Story of the Sony Walkman

2610:

Eric D. Daniel; C. Dennis Mee; Mark H. Clark (1999).

2476:"Compact Cassette supremo Lou Ottens talks to El Reg" 1934:"Opinion: Our Misplaced Nostalgia for Cassette Tapes" 1883:

High Bias: The Distorted History of the Cassette Tape

248:, the Compact Cassette was released in August 1963. 5430:, an online collection of blank audio tape cassettes 2285:

Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World

1999:"Learn about Tabs-In or Tabs-Out Shells and Leaders" 1401:'s angled cassette bay and the exposed bays of some 8309: 8278: 8242: 8154: 8083: 8071: 7989: 7964: 7955: 7869: 7823: 7814: 7704: 7638: 7562: 7509: 7431: 7373: 7350: 7304: 7246: 7188: 7104: 7076: 7015: 6980: 6945: 6920: 6913: 6874: 6821: 6792: 6763: 6680: 6645: 6638: 6544: 6479: 6388: 6357: 6325: 6316: 6273: 5991: 5915: 5860: 5779: 5759: 5716: 5694: 5623: 5535: 5518: 5509: 5472: 2981:"'Walkman' has become generic, rules Supreme Court" 2793:Hoogendoorn, A (1994). "Digital Compact Cassette". 558:introduced their Model 201 tape deck that combined 180: 166: 152: 140: 126: 114: 100: 92: 79: 69: 5334:"C@MP CP-UF32/64 a New Portable Mp3-Player Review" 4921:"Island Records launched 'One Plus One' cassettes" 3818:"Pause and Rewind: Zimbabwe's Audio Cassette Boom" 3448:"Tape Echo: Specialty labels keep cassettes alive" 3206:Assimilate: A Critical History of Industrial Music 2708: 2706: 2704: 2702: 2700: 2547: 2029:"How to Identify Your Audio Cassette Tape Formats" 1397:One innovation was the front-loading arrangement. 1242:Maxell compact cassettes, C60 (90m) and C90 (135m) 4281:Canby, Tatnall (1968). "CrO2 - Tomorrow's Tape". 1000:Type II, its tape consisting of chrome and cobalt 5299:"The Rome MP3: Portable MP3 player—with a twist" 4296:Stark, Craig (1992). "Choosing the Right Tape". 3293: 3291: 1550:played back individually, allowing musicians to 4844:"Demand actually increasing for cassette tapes" 4695:"40 years of Stereophile: The Hot 100 Products" 3397:"1995: Consumer CD-R Drive Priced Below $ 1000" 2272:Sound recording: the life story of a technology 2101:cartridge on p.20, with comparison to Lear Jet 725:(1973–1990) a "cassette culture" emerged where 5388: 4233: 4231: 3003:"Sony loses Walkman trade mark as too generic" 2763: 2761: 2759: 2097:retrieved 22 May 2023. (Detailed diagram of a 361:In 1958, following four years of development, 32:List of magnetic tape cartridges and cassettes 7792: 7054: 6615: 5449: 4717:"Olde Worlde – Nakamichi CR-7E Cassette Deck" 4056:, Tower Records Japan. Retrieved 13 June 2018 3882:. Archived from the original on 19 April 2016 3047:"In a digital age, vinyl's making a comeback" 2501:Music and technology in the twentieth century 2353:Drees, Jan; Vorbau, Christian (23 May 2011). 1960: 1958: 1956: 752:Cassette technology was a booming market for 325:Wollensak portable reel-to-reel tape recorder 8: 4186: 4184: 4127:The Vinyl Factory. Retrieved 26 October 2018 4112:The Vinyl Factory. Retrieved 26 October 2018 4097:The Vinyl Factory. Retrieved 26 October 2018 3745:"Original Walkman is RiP (replaced by iPod)" 3257: 3255: 1012:Compact Cassette tape types and formulations 39: 7681:Professional Lighting and Sound Association 4819:"For Car Cassette Decks, Play Time Is Over" 2875:Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 2645:. Tape Recording ##11-12, 1970. p. 11. 2521:. Tape Recording ##11-12, 1970. p. 11. 2113: 2111: 1810:the head as if they were normal cassettes. 8080: 7961: 7820: 7799: 7785: 7777: 7271:Comparison of analog and digital recording 7061: 7047: 7039: 6917: 6642: 6622: 6608: 6600: 6322: 5515: 5456: 5442: 5434: 4804:Some Not Well Known Aspects of Analog Tape 4372:van der Lely, P.; Missriegler, G. (1970). 2848: 2846: 2820: 2818: 2355:Kassettendeck: Soundtrack einer Generation 2349:Kassettendeck: Soundtrack einer Generation 2274:. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004, p.161. 733:cassette producers created brands such as 472:was offered in the US in November 1964 as 54: 45: 8456:Science and technology in the Netherlands 5223:. The Syracuse Newspapers. Archived from 4520: 4518: 4093:"Cassette sales increased by 74% in 2016" 3279: 2605: 2603: 2601: 2599: 2396:St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture 2320: 2318: 2161:International Electrotechnical Commission 1156:The cassette was the next step following 996:Type I, its tape consisting of iron oxide 428:, adapted from its German described name 5702:Tefiphon/Teficord (early 1930s), Tefifon 5405:, and does not reflect subsequent edits. 5276:Gale Encyclopedia of American Industries 4446:"NAC Audio Cassette Glossary – Cassetro" 3426:Gale Encyclopedia of American Industries 2393:Millard, Andre (2013). "Cassette Tape". 1901: 1899: 1310:systems. An attached audio cable with a 1274:The full tape width is 3.8 mm. For 5424:, a website dedicated to cassette tapes 5113:De Ceukelaire, Harrie (February 1985). 4650:"Trends in Technology: Recording Sound" 4556:Cassette adapters are remarkably simple 4052:"【カセットテープ】 Chain ［スマプラ付］＜初回生産限定盤＞]" 3842:Choi (최), Yeon-jin (연진) (31 May 2011). 3469:Audio Publishers Association Fact Sheet 3238:. SAGE Publications. pp. 509–511. 3156:. Stanford: Stanford University Press. 2639:The Dolby stretcher — new boon for tape 2613:Magnetic Recording: The First 100 Years 2515:The Dolby stretcher — new boon for tape 2325:"European Mfrs. Bid for Market Share". 1895: 924:In Japan and South Korea, the pop acts 846:Burmese music cassette tapes for sale, 339:Compact Cassette vs. RCA Tape Cartridge 8446:Computer-related introductions in 1963 4806:concerning dynamic bias (Dolby HX-PRO) 4317:. Cambridge University Press. p. 3893: 1773:A Compact Cassette and a Microcassette 1326:Tape Guide via Security Mechanism (SM) 439:, and in the United States (under the 38: 7742:New Interfaces for Musical Expression 5175:from the original on 12 November 2021 4817:Williams, Stephen (4 February 2011). 3988:"Audio cassettes are produced again!" 2769:"The first Sony Walkman goes on sale" 2205:. videointerchange.com. 7 August 2010 2148: 2146: 1885:. University of North Carolina Press. 947:. As early as 2015, the retail chain 144:Audio and data storage (succeeded by 7: 8365: 4867:European Journal of Oncology Nursing 3915:Jeniece Pettitt (1 September 2015). 3422:"Record and prerecorded tape stores" 3344:Arenas, Guillermo (16 August 2019). 1583:or Dolby C noise reduction provided 296:pairs of tracks (four total) or two 27:Magnetic audio tape recording format 5076:"Gadgets: Rage against the machine" 4995:"The Forgotten Precursor to iTunes" 4598:from the original on 12 August 2023 3209:. Oxford University Press. p. 3182:. Stanford University Press. 2022. 1470:DIN and double DIN sized faceplates 1071:cassette was introduced in 1970 by 498:the format to them free of charge. 8332:Philips Sports Manager of the Year 5074:Crookes, David (26 January 2011). 4881:"Analysis of an SDR Cassette Tape" 4026:, CD Japan. Retrieved 13 June 2018 3794:Butaumocho, Ruth (19 April 2010). 3659:. 22 February 2010. Archived from 3075:"Not long left for cassette tapes" 3027:. The Vinyl Factory. 24 March 2017 1979:from the original on 2 August 2020 1044:. For this reason, some low-grade 870:circles and to a lesser extent in 25: 8461:Science and technology in Belgium 8406:Audiovisual introductions in 1963 8004:Broadcast Television Systems Inc. 7906:Philips Natuurkundig Laboratorium 7899:Philips Lumileds Lighting Company 7291:Reel-to-reel audio tape recording 6564:Pioneer Artists Compact LaserDisc 6014:Mohawk Message repeater cartridge 4571:, eingetragen am 28. Oktober 1982 4416:"Audio tape length and thickness" 4108:"Cassette sales grew 35% in 2017" 4041:, YesAsia. Retrieved 13 June 2018 3994:. 11 October 2018. Archived from 3653:"Articles: This Is Not a Mixtape" 3454:. 11 October 2008. Archived from 2713:Lynskey, Dorian (29 March 2010). 2656:"Mercury Issues 49 'Cassettes'". 2575:. Houghton Mifflin. p. 129. 2124:(spec sheet). TDK. Archived from 1932:Mark Pernice (23 December 2015). 1158:reel-to-reel audio tape recording 697:Cassettes at a Cairo Kiosk (2015) 161:Reel-to-reel audio tape recording 8364: 8355: 8354: 7979:Philips-Neusoft Medical Systems 7760: 5387: 5336:. Fastsite. 2000. Archived from 5197:. Museum of Obsolete Media. 2019 4923:. Rock History. 13 February 2013 4800:Arndt Klingelnberg (1990 March) 4786:Klingelnberg, Arndt (May 1979). 4670:. Philips Museum. Archived from 4353:from the original on 2 July 2024 3767:"Do You Still Love the Walkman?" 3586:Kohli-Khandekar, Vanita (2013). 3536:Shea, Ammon (10 November 2011). 2450:"Gouden jubileum muziekcassette" 2251:(in German). Vol. 41. 1965. 743:Manuel Rodríguez Patriotic Front 409: 395: 381: 332: 318: 8146:Video Content Protection System 8039:Philips Consumer Communications 7276:Experimental musical instrument 6092:Nippon Electronic Vity cassette 5803:Cosmos Industries MX-303A/ANQ-1 5019:Pountain, Dick (January 1985). 4993:Chiu, David (26 October 2016). 4693:John Atkinson (November 2002). 3323:. University of Chicago Press. 3281:10.4067/S0716-27902009000200006 1913:from the original on 3 May 2016 1075:, and later strongly backed by 6822:"Eighth" (0.15) inch (3.81 mm) 4966:Dubey, N. B. (December 2009). 4764:Hess, Richard (October 2010). 4619:"History of the Cassette Tape" 3567:Moye, David (22 August 2011). 2715:"Return of the audio cassette" 2183:. 16 September 1953. p. 1 2175:"Brew Disk-To-Tape Revolution" 2053:Brian, Marshall (April 2000). 1965:Dormon, Bob (30 August 2013). 1358:Cassette players and recorders 1224:Locating write-protect notches 723:military dictatorship of Chile 1: 7936:PolyGram Filmed Entertainment 7461:Electronic musical instrument 6835:KC standard, Compact Cassette 5256:Product Guide. Archived from 4972:. Global India Publications. 4261:"History of Compact Cassette" 4194:. Pitchfork. 22 February 2010 3816:Curnow, Robyn (7 June 2011). 3129:. Brooklyn, NY: Autonomedia. 3005:. Pinsent Masons. 5 June 2002 2888:10.1016/s0304-8853(98)00502-2 2347:Jan Drees, Christian Vorbau, 2297:"Cassette Rampage Forecast". 526:Popularity of music cassettes 445:brand) in November 1964. The 64:SA90 Type II Compact Cassette 7767:Record production portal 7656:Institute of Broadcast Sound 5888:Thermionic Products Recordon 5048:DeWitt, Robert (June 1983). 4766:"Cassette equalization redo" 4715:David Price (January 2000). 3624:Segal, Dave (9 March 2016). 2554:. Houghton Mifflin. p. 2399:(2.1 ed.). p. 529. 1621:Home Taping Is Killing Music 1318:Optional mechanical elements 917:in 2015 and originates from 786:telephone answering machines 603:in the 1950s and 1960s, the 373:Introduction of mono version 234:audio recording and playback 8451:Products introduced in 1963 8421:Computer storage tape media 8034:NEC Philips Unified Systems 7856:Shenzhen Goldway Industrial 7676:Musical Electronics Library 6275:Analog-to-digital converter 6182:Nippon Electronic Memo-call 5221:"Sony Unveils the Minidisc" 4534:. 30 August 2013. p. 2 3852:(in Korean). Archived from 2679:Marvin Camras, ed. (1985). 2119:"D NORMAL-BIAS AUDIO TAPES" 1412:vacuum fluorescent displays 936:released their material on 747:Revolutionary Left Movement 482:Philips was competing with 8477: 8291:High Tech Campus Eindhoven 7831:Philips Consumer Lifestyle 7423:Sound reinforcement system 7332:Sound reinforcement system 6921:Three quarter inch (19 mm) 6847:Tarbell Cassette Interface 6631:Magnetic-tape data storage 6398:Compact Disc Digital Audio 5482:Music box cylinder or disc 5050:"APX / On top of the heap" 4742:Hess, Richard (May 2006). 4668:"Philips Compact Cassette" 3203:S. Alexander Reed (2013). 2961:. We Forum. 16 August 2017 2095:Tape Recorder Annual 1968, 2079:"Car Cartridges Come Home" 1907:"Museum Of Obsolete Media" 1805:continue to function with 1367: 1361: 1009: 860:portable digital recorders 806:electronic skip protection 679: 29: 8426:Home computer peripherals 8350: 8116:Philips Intimate Massager 7756: 7646:Audio Engineering Society 7544:Software effect processor 7524:Digital audio workstation 7365:Digital signal processing 7129:Digital audio workstation 7016:Four millimeter (3.81 mm) 6098:Grundig Cassette LFH 0084 5877: 3900:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 3589:The Indian Media Business 3542:Oxford English Dictionary 2829:. Sage Publications Ltd. 2683:. Van Nostrand Reinhold. 2503:. JHU Press, 2002, p.161. 2055:"How Tape Recorders Work" 1860:Timeline of audio formats 829:Oxford English Dictionary 209:, also commonly called a 53: 44: 7926:Philips Classics Records 7737:Professional audio store 7639:People and organizations 7625:Sound recording engineer 6348:Digital Compact Cassette 6236:Capitol Records Audiopak 6086:Dictaphone Travel master 5882:Telefunken magnetic disc 5851:Crouzet-Jaeger cartridge 4846:. AfterDawn. 18 May 2009 4790:. Aussteuerungsprobleme. 4382:Philips Technical Review 3844: 3274:(Julio–Diciembre): 212. 2983:. World Trademark Review 2003:nationalaudiocompany.com 1760:Digital Compact Cassette 1486:A head cleaning cassette 1445:of Denmark, created the 175:Digital Compact Cassette 8401:20th-century inventions 7155:Microphone preamplifier 6981:Eight millimeter (8 mm) 6764:Eight millimeter (8 mm) 6164:Assmann-Stuzzi Memocord 5845:Protona Minifon special 5466:audio recording formats 5165:"Mixtape: Cassetternet" 4389:(3): 85. Archived from 4192:"This Is Not a Mixtape" 3966:Springfield News-Leader 3474:26 October 2010 at the 3401:Computer History Museum 3268:Revista Musical Chilena 2796:Proceedings of the IEEE 2681:Magnetic Tape Recording 2351:. Klappenbroschur, 2011 2227:. Blog.dianaschnuth.com 909:Guardians of the Galaxy 906:cassette from the film 574:cassettes and players. 534:, Germany. Prerecorded 513:during the late 1970s. 279:reel-to-reel audio tape 30:For other formats, see 8106:Philips Cinema 21:9 TV 7862:Corporate Technologies 7096:Electronic and digital 6882:Exatron Stringy Floppy 6793:Quarter inch (6.35 mm) 6248:Bandai micro cartridge 6194:Muntz Stereo Mini-twin 5383: 5363:Listen to this article 5250:"Cassette vs. Digital" 4476:"VintageCassettes.com" 4374:"Audio tape cassettes" 3805:– via AllAfrica. 3262:Jordán, Laura (2009). 3150:Simon, Andrew (2022). 2744:. The Verge. July 2019 2572:Sony: the Private Life 2550:Sony: The Private Life 2261:Daniel et al, p.102-4. 2248:Radio Elektronik Schau 2203:"videointerchange.com" 1820:Compact Video Cassette 1774: 1742: 1694:Atari Program Exchange 1689: 1681: 1608: 1511: 1504:A dual cassette-based 1487: 1461: 1394: 1380: 1327: 1304:Cassette tape adapters 1243: 1153: 1007: 951:, which had long sold 855: 698: 607:in the 1990s, and the 596: 548:Mercury Record Company 494:pressuring Philips to 186:; 61 years ago 74:Magnetic tape cassette 6875:Stringy (1.58–1.9 mm) 6116:Cousino Echo-matic II 5596:Indestructible record 5382: 5260:on 28 September 2007. 5115:"How TurboTape Works" 5021:"The Amstrad CPC 464" 4895:"VintageCassette.com" 4656:on 23 September 2004. 3845:멸종 중인 카세트, 한국선 '장수 만세 3372:"U.S. Sales Database" 3317:Peter Manuel (1993). 2569:Nathan, John (1999). 2546:Nathan, John (1999). 1795:digital audio players 1772: 1740: 1733:Rivals and successors 1687: 1672: 1606: 1503: 1485: 1455: 1389: 1377: 1325: 1299:Cassette tape adapter 1241: 1151: 1010:Further information: 993: 845: 719:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi 696: 680:Further information: 591: 509:) alternative to the 232:recording format for 7554:Software synthesizer 7519:Digital audio editor 7305:Playback transducers 7165:Multitrack recording 6212:Sanyo Tape cartridge 6038:Rediffusion Reditune 5917:Loose (reel-to-reel) 5868:Magnetic stripe card 5797:US Army RD-11B/GNQ-1 5562:Perfected phonograph 5490:(early 17th century) 5414:More spoken articles 5340:on 14 September 2010 5171:. 12 November 2021. 4942:CBS Songs v. Amstrad 4584:(1 September 2016). 3458:on 25 February 2009. 3125:Robin James (1992). 2499:Hans-Joachim Braun, 1909:. 19 November 2015. 1881:Marc Masters. 2023. 1617:mixtape compilations 1067:media. The first CrO 1055:, the inventor of a 666:developing countries 562:noise reduction and 468:. An updated model, 426:single-hole cassette 416:Inside of a cassette 240:and his team at the 8212:Philips VideoWriter 8014:LG.Philips Displays 7842:Philips Healthcare 6946:Half inch (12.7 mm) 6900:Rotronics Wafadrive 6853:Commodore Datasette 6681:Half inch (12.7 mm) 6026:Mohawk Midgetape RL 5839:Protona Minifon P55 5833:Protona Minifon P51 5608:Blue Amberol record 5590:Gold moulded record 5584:Le Céleste cylinder 5556:Dictaphone cylinder 5546:Phonograph cylinder 4901:on 2 September 2006 4870:. 2.1 (1998): 67-8. 4788:"HiFi-Stereophonie" 4591:Scientific American 4497:"Compact Cassettes" 4396:on 10 November 2018 4347:cassette-player.com 4073:on 27 November 2015 3077:. BBC. 17 June 2005 2357:. Eichborn Verlag. 1715:Commodore Datasette 1679:Commodore computers 1575:ips; additionally, 1370:Loop bin duplicator 968:underground artists 41: 8436:Belgian inventions 8396:1963 in technology 7972:NXP Semiconductors 7956:Joint ventures and 7889:NXP Semiconductors 7605:Re-recording mixer 7408:Keyboard amplifier 7124:Binaural recording 6481:Electronic circuit 6336:Digital Audio Tape 6050:RCA tape cartridge 6008:Cousino Echo-matic 5906:Audio High Density 5655:Edison Voicewriter 5384: 5297:Jer Davis (2000). 5227:on 23 August 2009. 5142:Lennart Benschop. 4617:Somerfield, Katy. 4095:. 23 January 2017. 3950:. 21 January 2017. 3772:The New York Times 3099:(30 August 2013). 2910:The New York Times 2478:. 2 September 2013 2225:"dianaschnuth.com" 2033:digitalcopycat.com 1830:Digital journalism 1783:answering machines 1775: 1743: 1690: 1682: 1649:found in favor of 1609: 1516:dictation machines 1512: 1488: 1462: 1443:Bang & Olufsen 1395: 1381: 1328: 1256:answering machines 1244: 1154: 1127:IEC 60094 standard 1042:frequency response 1008: 868:experimental music 856: 754:pop music in India 711:Iranian Revolution 703:Ayatollah Khomeini 699: 649:The New York Times 605:portable CD player 597: 564:chromium(IV) oxide 556:Advent Corporation 367:RCA tape cartridge 266:—the generic term 8378: 8377: 8342:Philips Computers 8238: 8237: 8067: 8066: 7982: 7976: 7951: 7950: 7774: 7773: 7580:Guitar technician 7476:Music workstation 7360:Digital recording 7337:Speaker enclosure 7256:8-track cartridge 7198:Phonograph record 7036: 7035: 7032: 7031: 6909: 6908: 6646:Wide (19–25.4 mm) 6597: 6596: 6540: 6539: 6269: 6268: 6104:Orrtronic Tapette 6032:Dictaphone Dictet 5631:Phonograph record 5488:Mechanical cuckoo 5380: 5309:on 13 August 2006 4979:978-93-80228-16-7 4723:on 21 August 2006 4629:on 12 August 2023 4503:on 11 August 2010 4328:978-0-521-82726-3 4169:on 20 August 2010 4110:. 5 January 2018. 3856:on 14 August 2011 3747:. 26 October 2010 3725:. 22 October 2010 3517:. 23 October 2010 3330:978-0-226-50401-8 3245:978-1-4833-1775-5 3163:978-1-5036-2943-1 3136:978-0-936756-69-1 3052:Los Angeles Times 2836:978-0-7619-5402-6 2803:(10): 1479–1489. 2690:978-0-442-21774-7 2623:978-0-7803-4709-0 2103:8-track cartridge 1825:Digital cassettes 1764:lossy compression 1509:answering machine 1464:Applications for 1441:A third company, 1436:calibration tones 1254:and in telephone 542:, and later just 437:Berlin Radio Show 203: 202: 16:(Redirected from 8468: 8441:Dutch inventions 8431:Philips products 8368: 8367: 8358: 8357: 8255:Frans van Houten 8207:Philips Videopac 8081: 7980: 7974: 7962: 7894:Philips Lighting 7821: 7801: 7794: 7787: 7778: 7765: 7764: 7763: 7651:Goji Electronics 7590:Monitor engineer 7549:Software sampler 7456:Electronic drums 7433:Electronic music 7403:Guitar amplifier 7248:Analog recording 7208:Compact cassette 7170:Music production 7078:Music technology 7070:Music technology 7063: 7056: 7049: 7040: 6918: 6700:TX-2 Tape System 6643: 6624: 6617: 6610: 6601: 6323: 6176:DC-International 6134:Compact cassette 5952:Fullcoat magfilm 5894:Record Maker Pye 5861:Magnetic surface 5791:Lorenz Textophon 5614:Paradis cylinder 5578:Stentor cylinder 5516: 5458: 5451: 5444: 5435: 5404: 5402: 5391: 5390: 5381: 5371: 5369: 5364: 5350: 5349: 5347: 5345: 5330: 5324: 5321:Internet Archive 5318: 5316: 5314: 5305:. 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Archived from 1995: 1989: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1962: 1951: 1950: 1948: 1946: 1929: 1923: 1922: 1920: 1918: 1903: 1629:chromium dioxide 1570: 1568: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1211: 1210: 1206: 1201: 1200: 1196: 1193: 1187: 1186: 1182: 1179: 1173: 1172: 1168: 1165: 1057:chromium dioxide 949:Urban Outfitters 903:"Awesome Mix #1" 778:personal stereos 758:filling stations 709:before the 1979 682:Cassette culture 676:Cassette culture 621:cassette singles 601:transistor radio 511:12-inch vinyl LP 477:Carry-Corder 150 451:Compact Cassette 430:Einloch-Kassette 413: 399: 385: 348:Second World War 336: 322: 291: 290: 286: 207:Compact Cassette 194: 192: 187: 170: 156: 130: 118: 104: 88:, in four tracks 58: 49: 42: 40:Compact Cassette 21: 8476: 8475: 8471: 8470: 8469: 8467: 8466: 8465: 8381: 8380: 8379: 8374: 8346: 8327:Philips Lecture 8305: 8301:Philips Stadion 8274: 8234: 8150: 8076: 8063: 7991: 7985: 7957: 7947: 7941:Vertigo Records 7931:Philips Records 7921:Mercury Records 7916:Fontana Records 7871: 7865: 7816: 7810: 7805: 7775: 7770: 7761: 7759: 7752: 7700: 7634: 7600:Record producer 7585:Mixing engineer 7558: 7505: 7471:MIDI controller 7446:Circuit bending 7427: 7369: 7346: 7322:Monitor speaker 7300: 7242: 7190:Recording media 7184: 7175:Music sequencer 7160:Monitor speaker 7106:Sound recording 7100: 7072: 7067: 7037: 7028: 7011: 6976: 6941: 6905: 6870: 6865:IBM PC Cassette 6817: 6788: 6759: 6676: 6634: 6628: 6598: 6593: 6536: 6525:USB flash drive 6519:Toymax VJ Starz 6475: 6384: 6353: 6312: 6265: 6128:Philips EL 3583 6074:Cousino MR-9000 6062:Protona Attaché 6056:Philips EL 3581 5987: 5911: 5873: 5856: 5775: 5760:Loose magnetic 5755: 5712: 5690: 5619: 5531: 5519:Grooved surface 5505: 5468: 5462: 5418: 5417: 5406: 5400: 5398: 5395:This audio file 5392: 5385: 5376: 5373: 5367: 5366: 5362: 5359: 5354: 5353: 5343: 5341: 5332: 5331: 5327: 5312: 5310: 5303:The Tech Report 5296: 5295: 5291: 5281: 5279: 5270: 5269: 5265: 5248: 5247: 5243: 5237: 5236: 5232: 5215: 5214: 5210: 5200: 5198: 5193: 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1348: 1320: 1312:phone connector 1301: 1292: 1272: 1236: 1226: 1208: 1204: 1203: 1198: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1184: 1180: 1177: 1175: 1170: 1166: 1163: 1161: 1146: 1113: 1090: 1086: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1028:). Circa 1970, 1027: 1023: 1014: 1004:Type IV (metal) 988: 840: 794:field recording 770: 745:(FPMR) and the 735:Cumbre y Cuatro 684: 678: 662:cassette single 569: 540:Music-Cassettes 538:(also known as 536:music cassettes 528: 519: 421: 420: 419: 418: 417: 414: 405: 404: 403: 400: 391: 390: 389: 386: 375: 344: 343: 342: 341: 340: 337: 328: 327: 326: 323: 312: 307: 288: 284: 283: 195: 190: 188: 185: 168: 154: 128: 116: 102: 65: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8474: 8472: 8464: 8463: 8458: 8453: 8448: 8443: 8438: 8433: 8428: 8423: 8418: 8416:Tape recording 8413: 8408: 8403: 8398: 8393: 8383: 8382: 8376: 8375: 8373: 8372: 8362: 8351: 8348: 8347: 8345: 8344: 8339: 8337:Phoebus cartel 8334: 8329: 8324: 8322:HDMI Licensing 8319: 8313: 8311: 8310:Related topics 8307: 8306: 8304: 8303: 8298: 8293: 8288: 8282: 8280: 8276: 8275: 8273: 8272: 8267: 8265:Gerard Philips 8262: 8257: 8252: 8246: 8244: 8240: 8239: 8236: 8235: 8233: 8232: 8227: 8224: 8219: 8214: 8209: 8204: 8199: 8194: 8189: 8184: 8179: 8174: 8169: 8164: 8158: 8156: 8152: 8151: 8149: 8148: 8143: 8138: 8133: 8128: 8123: 8118: 8113: 8111:Philips GoGear 8108: 8103: 8098: 8093: 8087: 8085: 8078: 8069: 8068: 8065: 8064: 8062: 8061: 8056: 8051: 8046: 8041: 8036: 8031: 8026: 8021: 8019:LG.Philips LCD 8016: 8011: 8006: 8001: 7995: 7993: 7987: 7986: 7984: 7983: 7977: 7968: 7966: 7959: 7953: 7952: 7949: 7948: 7946: 7945: 7944: 7943: 7938: 7933: 7928: 7923: 7918: 7908: 7903: 7902: 7901: 7891: 7886: 7881: 7875: 7873: 7867: 7866: 7864: 7863: 7860: 7859: 7858: 7853: 7848: 7840: 7839: 7838: 7827: 7825: 7818: 7812: 7811: 7806: 7804: 7803: 7796: 7789: 7781: 7772: 7771: 7757: 7754: 7753: 7751: 7750: 7745: 7739: 7734: 7729: 7724: 7719: 7714: 7708: 7706: 7705:Related topics 7702: 7701: 7699: 7698: 7693: 7688: 7683: 7678: 7673: 7668: 7663: 7661:Lejaren Hiller 7658: 7653: 7648: 7642: 7640: 7636: 7635: 7633: 7632: 7627: 7622: 7620:Sound operator 7617: 7615:Sound follower 7612: 7610:Sound designer 7607: 7602: 7597: 7592: 7587: 7582: 7577: 7572: 7570:Audio engineer 7566: 7564: 7560: 7559: 7557: 7556: 7551: 7546: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7526: 7521: 7515: 7513: 7507: 7506: 7504: 7503: 7498: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7458: 7453: 7448: 7443: 7437: 7435: 7429: 7428: 7426: 7425: 7420: 7415: 7410: 7405: 7400: 7395: 7390: 7388:Bass amplifier 7385: 7383:Mixing console 7379: 7377: 7371: 7370: 7368: 7367: 7362: 7356: 7354: 7348: 7347: 7345: 7344: 7339: 7334: 7329: 7324: 7319: 7314: 7308: 7306: 7302: 7301: 7299: 7298: 7293: 7288: 7283: 7278: 7273: 7268: 7263: 7258: 7252: 7250: 7244: 7243: 7241: 7240: 7235: 7230: 7225: 7220: 7215: 7210: 7205: 7200: 7194: 7192: 7186: 7185: 7183: 7182: 7177: 7172: 7167: 7162: 7157: 7152: 7147: 7142: 7137: 7132: 7126: 7121: 7119:Mixing console 7116: 7110: 7108: 7102: 7101: 7099: 7098: 7093: 7088: 7082: 7080: 7074: 7073: 7068: 7066: 7065: 7058: 7051: 7043: 7034: 7033: 7030: 7029: 7027: 7026: 7019: 7017: 7013: 7012: 7010: 7009: 7003: 6997: 6991: 6984: 6982: 6978: 6977: 6975: 6974: 6968: 6962: 6956: 6949: 6947: 6943: 6942: 6940: 6939: 6932: 6924: 6922: 6915: 6911: 6910: 6907: 6906: 6904: 6903: 6897: 6891: 6885: 6878: 6876: 6872: 6871: 6869: 6868: 6862: 6856: 6850: 6844: 6838: 6832: 6825: 6823: 6819: 6818: 6816: 6815: 6809: 6803: 6796: 6794: 6790: 6789: 6787: 6786: 6780: 6774: 6767: 6765: 6761: 6760: 6758: 6757: 6751: 6745: 6739: 6733: 6727: 6721: 6715: 6709: 6703: 6697: 6691: 6684: 6682: 6678: 6677: 6675: 6674: 6668: 6662: 6656: 6649: 6647: 6640: 6636: 6635: 6629: 6627: 6626: 6619: 6612: 6604: 6595: 6594: 6592: 6591: 6585: 6582:Timecode vinyl 6579: 6573: 6567: 6561: 6555: 6548: 6546: 6542: 6541: 6538: 6537: 6535: 6534: 6528: 6522: 6516: 6510: 6504: 6498: 6492: 6485: 6483: 6477: 6476: 6474: 6473: 6467: 6461: 6455: 6449: 6443: 6437: 6431: 6428:Super Audio CD 6425: 6419: 6413: 6407: 6404:Philips CD-BGM 6401: 6394: 6392: 6386: 6385: 6383: 6382: 6376: 6370: 6363: 6361: 6355: 6354: 6352: 6351: 6345: 6339: 6332: 6330: 6320: 6314: 6313: 6311: 6310: 6304: 6298: 6292: 6286: 6279: 6277: 6271: 6270: 6267: 6266: 6264: 6263: 6260:Pocket Rockers 6257: 6251: 6245: 6239: 6233: 6227: 6224:Steno-Cassette 6221: 6215: 6209: 6203: 6200:Grundig DeJ614 6197: 6191: 6185: 6179: 6173: 6167: 6161: 6155: 6149: 6143: 6137: 6131: 6125: 6119: 6113: 6107: 6101: 6095: 6089: 6083: 6077: 6071: 6065: 6059: 6053: 6047: 6041: 6035: 6029: 6023: 6017: 6011: 6005: 5998: 5996: 5989: 5988: 5986: 5985: 5979: 5973: 5967: 5961: 5958:Stripe magfilm 5955: 5949: 5943: 5937: 5931: 5924: 5922: 5913: 5912: 5910: 5909: 5903: 5897: 5891: 5885: 5878: 5875: 5874: 5872: 5871: 5864: 5862: 5858: 5857: 5855: 5854: 5848: 5842: 5836: 5830: 5827:Peirce 330/360 5824: 5818: 5812: 5806: 5800: 5794: 5787: 5785: 5777: 5776: 5774: 5773: 5770:Wire recording 5766: 5764: 5757: 5756: 5754: 5753: 5747: 5741: 5735: 5729: 5722: 5720: 5714: 5713: 5711: 5710: 5704: 5698: 5696: 5692: 5691: 5689: 5688: 5682: 5676: 5670: 5664: 5658: 5652: 5649:Pathé Actuelle 5646: 5640: 5634: 5627: 5625: 5621: 5620: 5618: 5617: 5611: 5605: 5602:Amberol record 5599: 5593: 5587: 5581: 5575: 5572:Salon cylinder 5569: 5559: 5549: 5542: 5540: 5533: 5532: 5530: 5529: 5522: 5520: 5513: 5507: 5506: 5504: 5503: 5497: 5491: 5485: 5478: 5476: 5470: 5469: 5463: 5461: 5460: 5453: 5446: 5438: 5432: 5431: 5425: 5407: 5393: 5386: 5374: 5361: 5360: 5358: 5357:External links 5355: 5352: 5351: 5325: 5289: 5263: 5241: 5230: 5208: 5186: 5156: 5134: 5105: 5066: 5040: 5011: 4985: 4978: 4958: 4946: 4934: 4912: 4886: 4872: 4857: 4835: 4823:New York Times 4809: 4793: 4778: 4756: 4734: 4707: 4685: 4659: 4640: 4609: 4573: 4559: 4548: 4514: 4488: 4467: 4437: 4407: 4364: 4334: 4327: 4303: 4288: 4273: 4252: 4227: 4205: 4180: 4154: 4129: 4114: 4099: 4084: 4058: 4043: 4028: 4009: 3979: 3953: 3933: 3907: 3867: 3834: 3808: 3786: 3758: 3736: 3710: 3696: 3674: 3644: 3616: 3598: 3578: 3559: 3548:on 12 May 2015 3528: 3506: 3489:"Tagaz Aquila" 3480: 3461: 3439: 3413: 3388: 3363: 3336: 3329: 3309: 3302:(in Spanish). 3287: 3270:(in Spanish). 3251: 3244: 3226: 3220:978-0199832606 3219: 3195: 3188: 3169: 3162: 3142: 3135: 3117: 3088: 3066: 3038: 3016: 2994: 2972: 2950: 2922: 2902:Palmer, Robert 2893: 2864: 2842: 2835: 2814: 2785: 2755: 2733: 2696: 2689: 2671: 2648: 2629: 2622: 2595: 2582:978-0618126941 2581: 2561: 2538: 2524: 2505: 2489: 2467: 2441: 2408: 2402: 2370: 2364:978-3821866147 2363: 2340: 2314: 2289: 2276: 2270:David Morton, 2263: 2254: 2238: 2216: 2194: 2166: 2142: 2107: 2071: 2045: 2020: 1990: 1952: 1939:New York Times 1924: 1894: 1893: 1891: 1888: 1887: 1886: 1877: 1874: 1873: 1872: 1867: 1862: 1857: 1852: 1850:Pocket Rockers 1847: 1842: 1837: 1832: 1827: 1822: 1815: 1812: 1802:audio adapters 1734: 1731: 1718:computer. See 1666: 1663: 1647:House of Lords 1625:Island Records 1600: 1597: 1572: 1546: 1543: 1519: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1474:8-track player 1362:Main article: 1359: 1356: 1347: 1344: 1319: 1316: 1300: 1297: 1291: 1288: 1278:recording the 1271: 1268: 1252:home computers 1235: 1232: 1225: 1222: 1218:tape transport 1145: 1142: 1138:cassette decks 1111: 1088: 1084: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1025: 1021: 987: 984: 972:Britney Spears 884:Thurston Moore 839: 836: 798:home recording 769: 766: 677: 674: 567: 527: 524: 518: 517:Stereo version 515: 415: 408: 407: 406: 401: 394: 393: 392: 387: 380: 379: 378: 377: 376: 374: 371: 356:tape recorders 338: 331: 330: 329: 324: 317: 316: 315: 314: 313: 311: 308: 306: 303: 236:. Invented by 215:audio cassette 201: 200: 199:: 1963–present 182: 178: 177: 172: 164: 163: 158: 150: 149: 142: 138: 137: 132: 124: 123: 120: 112: 111: 106: 98: 97: 94: 90: 89: 83: 77: 76: 71: 67: 66: 59: 51: 50: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8473: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8454: 8452: 8449: 8447: 8444: 8442: 8439: 8437: 8434: 8432: 8429: 8427: 8424: 8422: 8419: 8417: 8414: 8412: 8411:Audio storage 8409: 8407: 8404: 8402: 8399: 8397: 8394: 8392: 8391:1963 in music 8389: 8388: 8386: 8371: 8363: 8361: 8353: 8352: 8349: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8335: 8333: 8330: 8328: 8325: 8323: 8320: 8318: 8315: 8314: 8312: 8308: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8296:Philips Arena 8294: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8284: 8283: 8281: 8277: 8271: 8270:Frits Philips 8268: 8266: 8263: 8261: 8260:Anton Philips 8258: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8247: 8245: 8241: 8231: 8228: 8225: 8223: 8220: 8218: 8215: 8213: 8210: 8208: 8205: 8203: 8200: 8198: 8195: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8185: 8183: 8180: 8178: 8175: 8173: 8170: 8168: 8165: 8163: 8160: 8159: 8157: 8153: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8139: 8137: 8134: 8132: 8129: 8127: 8124: 8122: 8119: 8117: 8114: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8102: 8099: 8097: 8094: 8092: 8089: 8088: 8086: 8082: 8079: 8077:and standards 8075: 8070: 8060: 8057: 8055: 8052: 8050: 8047: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8037: 8035: 8032: 8030: 8027: 8025: 8022: 8020: 8017: 8015: 8012: 8010: 8007: 8005: 8002: 8000: 7997: 7996: 7994: 7988: 7978: 7973: 7970: 7969: 7967: 7963: 7960: 7958:shareholdings 7954: 7942: 7939: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7913: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7900: 7897: 7896: 7895: 7892: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7882: 7880: 7877: 7876: 7874: 7868: 7861: 7857: 7854: 7852: 7849: 7847: 7846:Philips Avent 7844: 7843: 7841: 7837: 7834: 7833: 7832: 7829: 7828: 7826: 7822: 7819: 7815:Divisions and 7813: 7809: 7802: 7797: 7795: 7790: 7788: 7783: 7782: 7779: 7769: 7768: 7755: 7749: 7748:Vehicle audio 7746: 7743: 7740: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7730: 7728: 7725: 7723: 7720: 7718: 7717:High fidelity 7715: 7713: 7710: 7709: 7707: 7703: 7697: 7694: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7684: 7682: 7679: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7643: 7641: 7637: 7631: 7628: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7583: 7581: 7578: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7567: 7565: 7561: 7555: 7552: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7516: 7514: 7512: 7508: 7502: 7499: 7497: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7438: 7436: 7434: 7430: 7424: 7421: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7380: 7378: 7376: 7372: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7357: 7355: 7353: 7352:Digital audio 7349: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7309: 7307: 7303: 7297: 7296:Tape recorder 7294: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7272: 7269: 7267: 7266:Cassette deck 7264: 7262: 7259: 7257: 7254: 7253: 7251: 7249: 7245: 7239: 7236: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7224: 7221: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7203:Magnetic tape 7201: 7199: 7196: 7195: 7193: 7191: 7187: 7181: 7180:Outboard gear 7178: 7176: 7173: 7171: 7168: 7166: 7163: 7161: 7158: 7156: 7153: 7151: 7148: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7130: 7127: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7114:Audio channel 7112: 7111: 7109: 7107: 7103: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7083: 7081: 7079: 7075: 7071: 7064: 7059: 7057: 7052: 7050: 7045: 7044: 7041: 7024: 7021: 7020: 7018: 7014: 7007: 7004: 7001: 6998: 6995: 6992: 6989: 6986: 6985: 6983: 6979: 6972: 6969: 6966: 6963: 6960: 6957: 6954: 6951: 6950: 6948: 6944: 6937: 6933: 6930: 6926: 6925: 6923: 6919: 6916: 6912: 6901: 6898: 6895: 6894:QL Microdrive 6892: 6889: 6888:ZX Microdrive 6886: 6883: 6880: 6879: 6877: 6873: 6866: 6863: 6860: 6857: 6854: 6851: 6848: 6845: 6842: 6839: 6836: 6833: 6830: 6827: 6826: 6824: 6820: 6813: 6810: 6807: 6804: 6801: 6798: 6797: 6795: 6791: 6784: 6781: 6778: 6775: 6772: 6769: 6768: 6766: 6762: 6755: 6752: 6749: 6746: 6743: 6740: 6737: 6734: 6731: 6728: 6725: 6722: 6719: 6716: 6713: 6710: 6707: 6704: 6701: 6698: 6695: 6692: 6689: 6686: 6685: 6683: 6679: 6672: 6669: 6666: 6663: 6660: 6657: 6654: 6651: 6650: 6648: 6644: 6641: 6637: 6632: 6625: 6620: 6618: 6613: 6611: 6606: 6605: 6602: 6589: 6586: 6583: 6580: 6577: 6574: 6571: 6568: 6565: 6562: 6559: 6556: 6553: 6552:Mini-cassette 6550: 6549: 6547: 6543: 6532: 6529: 6526: 6523: 6520: 6517: 6514: 6513:Takara E-kara 6511: 6508: 6505: 6502: 6499: 6496: 6493: 6490: 6487: 6486: 6484: 6482: 6478: 6471: 6468: 6465: 6462: 6459: 6456: 6453: 6450: 6447: 6444: 6441: 6438: 6435: 6432: 6429: 6426: 6423: 6420: 6417: 6414: 6411: 6408: 6405: 6402: 6399: 6396: 6395: 6393: 6391: 6387: 6380: 6377: 6374: 6371: 6368: 6365: 6364: 6362: 6360: 6359:Sound-on-film 6356: 6349: 6346: 6343: 6340: 6337: 6334: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6327:Magnetic tape 6324: 6321: 6319: 6315: 6308: 6305: 6302: 6299: 6296: 6293: 6290: 6287: 6284: 6281: 6280: 6278: 6276: 6272: 6261: 6258: 6255: 6252: 6249: 6246: 6243: 6240: 6237: 6234: 6231: 6230:Stenorette DL 6228: 6225: 6222: 6219: 6216: 6213: 6210: 6207: 6206:Microcassette 6204: 6201: 6198: 6195: 6192: 6189: 6186: 6183: 6180: 6177: 6174: 6171: 6168: 6165: 6162: 6159: 6158:Micro pack 35 6156: 6153: 6150: 6147: 6144: 6141: 6138: 6135: 6132: 6129: 6126: 6123: 6120: 6117: 6114: 6111: 6108: 6105: 6102: 6099: 6096: 6093: 6090: 6087: 6084: 6081: 6080:IBM Magnabelt 6078: 6075: 6072: 6069: 6066: 6063: 6060: 6057: 6054: 6051: 6048: 6045: 6042: 6039: 6036: 6033: 6030: 6027: 6024: 6021: 6018: 6015: 6012: 6009: 6006: 6003: 6000: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5993:Magnetic tape 5990: 5983: 5980: 5977: 5974: 5971: 5968: 5965: 5962: 5959: 5956: 5953: 5950: 5947: 5944: 5941: 5938: 5935: 5932: 5929: 5928:Blattnerphone 5926: 5925: 5923: 5921: 5920:magnetic tape 5918: 5914: 5907: 5904: 5901: 5898: 5895: 5892: 5889: 5886: 5883: 5880: 5879: 5876: 5869: 5866: 5865: 5863: 5859: 5852: 5849: 5846: 5843: 5840: 5837: 5834: 5831: 5828: 5825: 5822: 5819: 5816: 5813: 5810: 5807: 5804: 5801: 5798: 5795: 5792: 5789: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5778: 5771: 5768: 5767: 5765: 5763: 5758: 5751: 5748: 5745: 5742: 5739: 5736: 5733: 5730: 5727: 5724: 5723: 5721: 5719: 5718:Sound-on-film 5715: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5699: 5697: 5693: 5686: 5683: 5680: 5679:Highway Hi-Fi 5677: 5674: 5671: 5668: 5665: 5662: 5659: 5656: 5653: 5650: 5647: 5644: 5641: 5638: 5635: 5632: 5629: 5628: 5626: 5622: 5615: 5612: 5609: 5606: 5603: 5600: 5597: 5594: 5591: 5588: 5585: 5582: 5579: 5576: 5573: 5570: 5567: 5563: 5560: 5557: 5553: 5550: 5547: 5544: 5543: 5541: 5539: 5534: 5527: 5524: 5523: 5521: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5508: 5501: 5498: 5495: 5492: 5489: 5486: 5484:(9th century) 5483: 5480: 5479: 5477: 5475: 5471: 5467: 5459: 5454: 5452: 5447: 5445: 5440: 5439: 5436: 5429: 5426: 5423: 5420: 5419: 5415: 5411: 5396: 5356: 5339: 5335: 5329: 5326: 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April 2009. 4882: 4876: 4873: 4869: 4868: 4861: 4858: 4845: 4839: 4836: 4824: 4820: 4813: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802:AES No. 2912 4797: 4794: 4789: 4782: 4779: 4767: 4760: 4757: 4745: 4738: 4735: 4722: 4718: 4711: 4708: 4696: 4689: 4686: 4673: 4669: 4663: 4660: 4655: 4651: 4644: 4641: 4628: 4624: 4620: 4613: 4610: 4597: 4593: 4592: 4587: 4583: 4577: 4574: 4570: 4569: 4563: 4560: 4557: 4552: 4549: 4545: 4533: 4532: 4527: 4521: 4519: 4515: 4502: 4498: 4492: 4489: 4477: 4471: 4468: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4441: 4438: 4425: 4421: 4417: 4411: 4408: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4383: 4375: 4368: 4365: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4338: 4335: 4330: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4315: 4307: 4304: 4299: 4298:Stereo Review 4292: 4289: 4284: 4277: 4274: 4262: 4256: 4253: 4241:. TheStranger 4240: 4234: 4232: 4228: 4215: 4209: 4206: 4193: 4187: 4185: 4181: 4168: 4164: 4158: 4155: 4143: 4142:MusicWeek.com 4139: 4133: 4130: 4124: 4118: 4115: 4109: 4103: 4100: 4094: 4088: 4085: 4072: 4068: 4062: 4059: 4053: 4047: 4044: 4038: 4032: 4029: 4023: 4019: 4013: 4010: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3983: 3980: 3967: 3963: 3957: 3954: 3949: 3948: 3943: 3937: 3934: 3922: 3921:Bloomberg.com 3918: 3911: 3908: 3903: 3897: 3881: 3877: 3871: 3868: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3838: 3835: 3823: 3819: 3812: 3809: 3797: 3790: 3787: 3774: 3773: 3768: 3762: 3759: 3746: 3740: 3737: 3724: 3720: 3714: 3711: 3706: 3700: 3697: 3684: 3678: 3675: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3648: 3645: 3633: 3632: 3627: 3620: 3617: 3612: 3601: 3599:9788132118015 3595: 3591: 3590: 3582: 3579: 3574: 3570: 3563: 3560: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3532: 3529: 3516: 3510: 3507: 3494: 3490: 3484: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3470: 3465: 3462: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3443: 3440: 3427: 3423: 3417: 3414: 3402: 3398: 3392: 3389: 3377: 3373: 3367: 3364: 3351: 3347: 3340: 3337: 3332: 3326: 3322: 3321: 3313: 3310: 3305: 3301: 3294: 3292: 3288: 3282: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3258: 3256: 3252: 3247: 3241: 3237: 3230: 3227: 3222: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3207: 3199: 3196: 3191: 3189:9781503629431 3185: 3181: 3180: 3173: 3170: 3165: 3159: 3155: 3154: 3146: 3143: 3138: 3132: 3128: 3121: 3118: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3092: 3089: 3076: 3070: 3067: 3054: 3053: 3048: 3042: 3039: 3026: 3020: 3017: 3004: 2998: 2995: 2982: 2976: 2973: 2960: 2954: 2951: 2938: 2937: 2932: 2926: 2923: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2897: 2894: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2876: 2868: 2865: 2860: 2856: 2849: 2847: 2843: 2838: 2832: 2828: 2821: 2819: 2815: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2797: 2789: 2786: 2774: 2770: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2756: 2743: 2737: 2734: 2722: 2721: 2716: 2709: 2707: 2705: 2703: 2701: 2697: 2692: 2686: 2682: 2675: 2672: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2652: 2649: 2641: 2640: 2633: 2630: 2625: 2619: 2615: 2614: 2606: 2604: 2602: 2600: 2596: 2584: 2578: 2574: 2573: 2565: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2551: 2542: 2539: 2534: 2528: 2525: 2517: 2516: 2509: 2506: 2502: 2496: 2494: 2490: 2477: 2471: 2468: 2455: 2451: 2445: 2442: 2429: 2425: 2424: 2419: 2412: 2409: 2406: 2403: 2398: 2397: 2389: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2371: 2366: 2360: 2356: 2350: 2344: 2341: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2321: 2319: 2315: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2301: 2293: 2290: 2286: 2280: 2277: 2273: 2267: 2264: 2258: 2255: 2250: 2249: 2242: 2239: 2226: 2220: 2217: 2204: 2198: 2195: 2182: 2181: 2176: 2170: 2167: 2162: 2158: 2157: 2149: 2147: 2143: 2127: 2120: 2114: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2093: 2091: 2090:Stereo Review 2086: 2085: 2080: 2075: 2072: 2060: 2059:HowStuffWorks 2056: 2049: 2046: 2034: 2030: 2024: 2021: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1994: 1991: 1978: 1974: 1973: 1968: 1961: 1959: 1957: 1953: 1941: 1940: 1935: 1928: 1925: 1912: 1908: 1902: 1900: 1896: 1889: 1884: 1880: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1868: 1866: 1863: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1841: 1840:Mini-Cassette 1838: 1836: 1833: 1831: 1828: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1817: 1813: 1811: 1808: 1803: 1798: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1779:microcassette 1771: 1767: 1765: 1761: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1739: 1732: 1730: 1728: 1723: 1721: 1716: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1686: 1680: 1677:recorder for 1676: 1671: 1664: 1662: 1660: 1655: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1643: 1640:CBS Songs v. 1636: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1605: 1598: 1596: 1594: 1590: 1589:dynamic range 1586: 1582: 1578: 1553: 1544: 1542: 1540: 1535: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1517: 1510: 1507: 1502: 1495: 1490: 1484: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1459: 1454: 1450: 1448: 1444: 1439: 1437: 1431: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1404: 1400: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1376: 1371: 1365: 1364:Cassette deck 1357: 1355: 1351: 1345: 1343: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1324: 1317: 1315: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1298: 1296: 1289: 1287: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1269: 1267: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1248: 1240: 1233: 1231: 1229: 1223: 1221: 1219: 1213: 1159: 1150: 1143: 1141: 1139: 1135: 1134:write-protect 1130: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1115: 1108: 1107: 1102: 1098: 1097:vinyl records 1094: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1058: 1054: 1049: 1047: 1043: 1038: 1037:volume-doping 1035: 1031: 1019: 1013: 1005: 1001: 997: 992: 985: 983: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 962:, as well as 961: 956: 954: 950: 946: 945:vinyl revival 941: 939: 935: 931: 927: 926:Matsuda Seiko 922: 920: 916: 911: 910: 905: 904: 898: 895: 892: 888: 885: 881: 877: 873: 872:hardcore punk 869: 865: 861: 853: 849: 844: 837: 835: 832: 830: 826: 825:TagAZ AQUiLA. 821: 819: 813: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 767: 765: 763: 759: 755: 750: 748: 744: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 721:. During the 720: 716: 712: 708: 704: 695: 691: 689: 683: 675: 673: 671: 667: 663: 657: 653: 651: 650: 646:, writing in 645: 644:Robert Palmer 641: 637: 636:compact discs 632: 630: 629:display cases 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 595: 590: 586: 584: 580: 575: 573: 572:high fidelity 565: 561: 557: 551: 549: 545: 544:Musicassettes 541: 537: 533: 525: 523: 516: 514: 512: 508: 507:re-recordable 504: 499: 497: 493: 489: 485: 480: 478: 475: 471: 467: 462: 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 443: 438: 433: 431: 427: 412: 398: 384: 372: 370: 368: 364: 359: 357: 353: 349: 335: 321: 309: 304: 302: 299: 295: 280: 276: 271: 269: 268:cassette tape 265: 264:Microcassette 261: 256: 254: 249: 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 230:magnetic tape 228: 224: 220: 216: 212: 211:cassette tape 208: 198: 183: 179: 176: 173: 165: 162: 159: 151: 147: 143: 139: 136: 133: 125: 121: 113: 110: 107: 99: 95: 91: 87: 86:Analog signal 84: 82: 78: 75: 72: 68: 63: 57: 52: 48: 43: 37: 33: 19: 8250:Cor Boonstra 8217:Philips :YES 8202:Philips Velo 8197:Philips Nino 8192:Philips CD-i 7999:ASML Holding 7817:subsidiaries 7758: 7491:Sound module 7451:Drum machine 7393:Effects unit 7286:Player piano 7213:Compact disc 7135:Effects unit 6959:Redwood SD-3 6491:(late 1970s) 6390:Optical disc 6254:Picocassette 6250:(late 1980s) 6044:Saba Sabafon 5815:RCA MI-12877 5809:RCA MI-12875 5695:Grooved tape 5661:SoundScriber 5657:(late 1940s) 5643:Diamond disc 5624:Grooved disc 5526:Phonautogram 5494:Punched card 5428:tapedeck.org 5422:Project C-90 5344:18 September 5342:. 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Retrieved 1882: 1855:Picocassette 1799: 1791:flash memory 1776: 1744: 1724: 1698:Commodore 64 1691: 1656: 1645:(1988), the 1639: 1637: 1633:One Plus One 1610: 1599:Home dubbing 1548: 1536: 1513: 1491:Applications 1479: 1463: 1440: 1432: 1396: 1382: 1352: 1349: 1329: 1302: 1293: 1273: 1264:portastudios 1249: 1245: 1230: 1227: 1214: 1155: 1131: 1123:equalization 1116: 1104: 1050: 1036: 1032:developed a 1018:ferric oxide 1015: 1003: 999: 995: 976:Busta Rhymes 957: 942: 923: 907: 902: 899: 896: 893: 889: 857: 838:21st century 833: 822: 814: 771: 762:Gipsy rhumba 751: 739:Armed groups 734: 700: 688:Iron Curtain 685: 670:compact disc 658: 654: 647: 640:bonus tracks 633: 617:vinyl record 598: 594:Sony Walkman 576: 560:Dolby type B 552: 543: 539: 535: 529: 520: 503:8-track tape 500: 481: 476: 469: 465: 463: 450: 440: 434: 429: 422: 360: 345: 272: 267: 257: 253:Musicassette 252: 250: 222: 218: 217:, or simply 214: 210: 206: 204: 196: 36: 18:Musicassette 8226:SpeechMagic 7851:Respironics 7732:Music store 7727:Home cinema 7686:Robert Moog 7671:Max Mathews 7595:Piano tuner 7563:Professions 7539:Scorewriter 7496:Synthesizer 7312:Loudspeaker 6777:IBM 3570 MP 6742:LTO Ultrium 6694:IBM 7-track 6301:PCM adaptor 6289:X80/ProDigi 6283:Soundstream 6170:Cantata 700 6140:Grundig En3 5934:Magnetophon 5821:Peirce 265B 5685:Bandai 8ban 5552:Graphophone 5179:24 December 4954:CBS v. Ames 4850:25 February 4450:nactape.com 4400:3 September 4067:"Cassettes" 3926:9 September 3723:Tech Crunch 3689:22 November 3097:Jude Rogers 2882:(1–3): 12. 2773:History.com 2460:30 December 1807:MP3 players 1789:discs, and 1702:ZX Spectrum 1545:Home studio 1466:car stereos 1334:(from 1998 1270:Track width 1234:Tape length 1114:) coating. 964:independent 940:cassettes. 938:limited-run 880:black metal 876:death metal 727:blacklisted 705:throughout 625:shoplifting 470:Typ EL 3301 466:Typ EL 3300 461:, Belgium. 191:August 1963 184:August 1963 8385:Categories 8230:Video 2000 8222:Philishave 8141:Trimension 7990:Former and 7879:Liquavista 7870:Former and 7722:Home audio 7712:Audiophile 7529:GarageBand 7375:Live music 7317:Headphones 7281:Phonograph 7150:Microphone 7145:Headphones 7091:Electrical 7086:Mechanical 6859:DECtape II 6507:Yaboom Box 6495:MP3 player 6489:Sound chip 6307:DA-88/DTRS 6122:Stereo-Pak 6020:Stenorette 5900:Synchrofax 5750:Fantasound 5744:Photophone 5637:Pathé disc 5500:Music roll 5474:Mechanical 5410:Audio help 5401:2011-05-23 5217:Al Fasoldt 5149:20 January 5144:"BASICODE" 5127:30 October 5088:31 January 5059:30 October 5033:27 October 4771:16 October 4749:16 October 4623:Legacy Box 4507:22 October 3992:Mulann S.A 3552:28 January 3521:19 October 3499:26 January 3406:23 January 3381:19 October 2588:8 November 2064:10 October 1890:References 1870:Video 2000 1675:Datassette 1585:compansion 1532:journalism 1368:See also: 1091:) such as 1030:3M Company 986:Tape types 915:Pyral/RMGI 818:audiobooks 609:MP3 player 583:boom boxes 484:Telefunken 455:Lou Ottens 363:RCA Victor 346:After the 310:Precursors 238:Lou Ottens 70:Media type 8136:Streamium 8091:Ambilight 8044:TP Vision 7486:Sequencer 7413:PA system 7342:Subwoofer 7327:PA system 7261:Amplifier 7223:Hard disk 7140:Equalizer 6588:VinylDisc 6434:DVD-Audio 6329:cartridge 6146:Sabamobil 6110:3M Scotch 6068:Fidelipac 5995:cartridge 5976:3/4" tape 5946:1/2" tape 5940:1/4" tape 5784:cartridge 5780:Magnetic 5738:Movietone 5732:Tri-Ergon 5726:Phonofilm 5707:Dictabelt 5673:Long play 5667:Audograph 5464:Physical 5101:magazine. 4999:Pitchfork 4678:20 August 4633:12 August 4602:12 August 4285:(5): 239. 4245:14 August 4220:14 August 4216:. Discogs 4198:14 August 4173:14 August 3947:Billboard 3801:1 January 3779:14 August 3751:14 August 3729:14 August 3667:20 August 3657:Pitchfork 3452:Billboard 3059:14 August 3031:14 August 3009:12 August 2987:14 August 2965:14 August 2943:14 August 2778:14 August 2748:14 August 2726:14 August 2666:0006-2510 2658:Billboard 2335:0006-2510 2327:Billboard 2309:0006-2510 2300:Billboard 2231:20 August 2209:20 August 2187:6 October 2163:, Geneva. 2099:Fidelipac 1659:Personics 1506:Panasonic 1458:boomboxes 1424:Nakamichi 1391:Nakamichi 1308:car audio 1284:crosstalk 1081:magnetite 1051:In 1968, 858:Although 790:dictation 782:boomboxes 774:car audio 599:Like the 447:trademark 275:polyester 258:Although 127:Developed 122:Tape head 119:mechanism 109:Tape head 105:mechanism 8360:Category 8317:Carousel 8187:NMS-8250 8131:Sonicare 8074:products 8072:Brands, 8059:Lumileds 7911:PolyGram 7884:Magnavox 7534:ProTools 7511:Software 7501:Theremin 7441:Chiptune 7398:Foldback 7228:MiniDisc 6748:IBM 3592 6724:IBM 3590 6712:IBM 3480 6688:UNISERVO 6659:LINCtape 6653:IBM 7340 6570:CD Video 6501:HitClips 6458:BD-Audio 6452:DualDisc 6440:DataPlay 6410:MiniDisc 6188:PlayTape 6002:Optaphon 5566:Ediphone 5538:cylinder 5536:Grooved 5412: · 5219:(1991). 5173:Archived 5120:Compute! 5084:. London 4596:Archived 4538:29 April 4460:16 March 4430:16 March 4351:Archived 3972:24 April 3896:cite web 3637:11 March 3493:Wroom.ru 3472:Archived 3110:17 March 2915:27 April 2861:(8): 20. 2434:6 August 2013:9 August 1983:6 August 1977:Archived 1917:29 April 1911:Archived 1814:See also 1751:MiniDisc 1720:BASICODE 1447:Dolby HX 1290:Head gap 1144:Features 1106:adsorbed 960:dansband 802:mixtapes 741:such as 615:. Total 298:monaural 244:company 225:, is an 223:cassette 197:Lifespan 181:Released 167:Extended 153:Extended 93:Capacity 81:Encoding 8370:Commons 8286:Evoluon 8182:VG-8020 8177:VG-8010 8172:VG-8000 8155:Defunct 8126:ShoqBox 8101:Norelco 8084:Current 8024:Marantz 8009:Grundig 7992:defunct 7975:(19.9%) 7965:Current 7872:defunct 7824:Current 7808:Philips 7630:Tape op 7481:Sampler 7023:DDS/DAT 6994:Mammoth 6914:Helical 6706:9-track 6671:CDC 626 6665:DECtape 6633:formats 6558:U-matic 6531:MicroSD 6318:Digital 6242:Elcaset 6152:8-track 5982:3" tape 5970:2" tape 5964:1" tape 5586:(1890s) 5580:(1890s) 5574:(1890s) 5399: ( 5370:minutes 5254:J&R 5201:19 July 5004:21 June 4927:4 April 4828:18 July 4077:30 July 4022:CDJapan 3860:13 July 3827:13 July 3605:26 July 3350:El País 3306:: 1–20. 2482:9 April 2180:Variety 2135:4 April 1945:17 June 1793:-based 1755:Dolby S 1651:Amstrad 1642:Amstrad 1613:dubbing 1581:Dolby B 1569:⁠ 1557:⁠ 1552:overdub 1528:Philips 1524:Mercury 1420:Marantz 1399:Pioneer 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