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network dating back as early as the invention of the electric tramcar. Horse trams running on rails were present before the inauguration of the electric line in 1908. The tram depot was built on the former site of
Belotti's Murano Palace, which was demolished at the end of the 1800s to make way for
225:
appeared in the vicinity of
Belotti's residence. These self-governing exclaves attracted foreign settlers, initially Germans, and with time grew into small trading towns around Warsaw. The two most notable of these towns were Leszno and Nowolipie, now prominent streets in the Muranów neighbourhood.
253:) began settling in Muranów as the number of Jews living in the city centre was restricted; the incoming populations were subjected to segregation. It was then that the neighbourhood started to transform itself into a multicultural and socially excluded precinct like the
273:(1914–1918). By this time, the architecture was dense and living conditions already lagged behind other central districts. Most of the population was poor or lower-middle class, whereas the poorest of Warsaw's inhabitants mostly concentrated around the
412:
owing to its large Jewish population. Jews residing in other parts of the city were forced to move into the ghetto; in
November 1940 Muranów was cut off from the rest of Warsaw and was fenced by a 3-meter (9.8 ft) brick wall topped with
357:
In the interwar period (1918–1939), around 90% of the population in Muranów was Jewish or of Jewish descent. Some of the major streets then included Stawki, Nowolipki, Żelazna, Miła, Dzielna, Długa, Pawia, Gęsia, Twarda and Chłodna. The
88:
594:
429:. The Uprising was crushed and the Germans subsequently razed the ghetto to the ground, including Muranów. None of Muranów's most recognizable landmarks and architectural wonders remained standing with the exception of
293:. The majority of buildings in Muranów were then residential dwellings, though little industrial facilities did exist among the houses. Most of Warsaw's heavy industry and factories were established in the western
226:
The houses were located on narrow lots along dirt roads aligned perpendicularly towards the
Vistula. Contemporary urban layout of the area as well as several street names are the sole remainders of these towns.
433:, which was used as a watchtower, and the Jewish Cemetery. The intact ruins of the 18th-century Royal Artillery Barracks were demolished in 1965. Only a few of pre-war buildings were reconstructed, like the
587:
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and built in most part from this reconditioned rubble. It is the only urban design of such a scale in the capital of Poland from the 1950s, whose architects, inspired mostly by the
460:
Contemporary Muranów is a unique district, not only from the Polish perspective, since it is the only housing estate in the world located — intentionally — on the rubble of the
480:. Since 1989, the neighbourhood has undergone a significant transformation and modernization. Many zones in the suburb were cleared for new housing estates and skyscrapers.
954:
417:. Approximately 92,000 individuals died in the ghetto as a result of disease, starvation and executions. The majority was sent to the extermination camp at
139:
Muranów was once Warsaw's most multicultural, densely-populated and diverse precinct with historical architecture, bazaars, churches and synagogues. In the
624:
354:
future development. A modern commercial and shopping hall called "Pasaż Simonsa" was completed in 1903 on the intersection of Długa and
Nalewki streets.
341:
Despite large disparities and an unfavourable reputation, the main representative streets of Muranów were aligned with richly decorated townhouses and
184:
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349:
which ceased to exist in 1795. "Plac
Muranowski" (Muranów Square) was the commercial heart of the district, which was operated by an extensive
159:, the district was completely destroyed. Only the sparse few buildings survived the war. Muranów was entirely redeveloped after the war into a
345:, mostly occupied by the wealthiest and most respected residents. There were several palaces scattered around and some remnants of the old
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208:, erected a small palace in what was then the countryside in the north of Warsaw. Belotti decided to name the estate
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128:. It was founded in the 17th century. The name is derived from the palace belonging to Simone Giuseppe Belotti, a
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district. The neighbourhood became infamous for petty crime and hosted two of Warsaw's most notable prisons –
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425:. In April of 1943, the Jews rebelled against the Germans in what became known as the
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Nalewki Street, once the main thoroughfare of the district, pictured before the war
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One of the few remaining landmarks of historical Muranów, a gate into the
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on
Okopowa Street was adjacent and de facto part of historical Muranów.
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in 1960s Muranów. Note the dearth of cars in a densely populated area.
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were the most common foreign languages spoken in Muranów until the
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In the subsequent decades, several independent settlements called
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was set up in Muranów in 1940 by the occupying
Germans. After the
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by locals who pejoratively named it "The
Northern Precinct" (
136:. It is the northernmost neighbourhood of the downtown area.
132:
architect, who originally came to Warsaw from the island of
93:
Location of Muranów neighbourhood (red) in the
District of
333:
Burnt out buildings on Długa Street in 1939 after the
171:
and, more recently, modern buildings and skyscrapers.
317:), a slang term synonymous with phrases such as the "
143:(1918–1939), the district was primarily inhabited by
866:
810:
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682:
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305:. Similarly to the East End in London, Muranów was
32:
408:, Muranów was almost immediately designated as a
588:
8:
167:district with 1950s-1960s housing estates,
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192:gardens from what was then Nalewki Street.
29:
112:) is a neighbourhood in the districts of
738:National Registry of Geographical Names
518:
85:
48:
955:Muranów (City Information System area)
940:Neighbourhoods of Śródmieście, Warsaw
468:, also incorporated many features of
196:In 1686, Simone Giuseppe Belotti, an
7:
487:was opened at 6 Anielewicza Street.
476:based on doctrine enforced by the
25:
526:Srodmiescie.Warszawa.pl homepage.
673:
485:Museum of History of Polish Jews
108:
87:
80:Museum of History of Polish Jews
67:
56:
400:architecture on Andersa Street.
337:. Pasaż Simonsa is to the left.
212:, after his native island near
347:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1:
950:Holocaust locations in Poland
237:Throughout the 19th century,
833:Marshal Residential District
200:architect working for kings
241:migrants from contemporary
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369:
671:
285:neighbourhoods along the
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49:
39:
617:Municipal neighbourhoods
321:" in the United States.
684:City Information System
945:Neighbourhoods of Wola
914:Warsaw Downtown County
474:classical architecture
457:
431:St. Augustine's Church
427:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
401:
385:
360:Warsaw Jewish Cemetery
338:
234:
193:
889:Gmina Warsaw-Downtown
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391:
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289:river, much like the
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155:in 1943 commanded by
536:StacjaMuranow.art.pl
478:communist government
380:Housing estates and
157:Mordechaj Anielewicz
27:Warsaw neighbourhood
18:Muranów, Śródmieście
884:Gmina Warsaw-Centre
848:Osiedle Szwoleżerów
559:52.2514°N 20.9945°E
555: /
483:In April 2013, the
147:. As a result, the
95:Śródmieście, Warsaw
894:Goverment District
603:Neighbourhoods of
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402:
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311:dzielnica północna
255:East End of London
249:(then part of the
235:
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470:socialist realism
466:pre-war modernism
445:1945–contemporary
206:John III Sobieski
124:, the capital of
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16:(Redirected from
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867:Historical areas
802:Za Żelazną Bramą
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564:52.2514; 20.9945
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507:Frascati, Warsaw
406:Second World War
291:London Docklands
190:Krasiński Palace
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665:Żelazna Brama
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660:Staromiejskie
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655:Powiśle-Solec
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502:Solec, Warsaw
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462:Warsaw Ghetto
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372:Warsaw Ghetto
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44:neighbourhood
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421:and some to
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382:tower blocks
366:World War II
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340:
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310:
307:marginalized
236:
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195:
169:tower blocks
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104:
103:
811:Other areas
757:Mariensztat
605:Śródmieście
562: /
415:barbed wire
404:During the
275:Mariensztat
120:in central
114:Śródmieście
97:(navy blue)
934:Categories
550:20°59′40″E
547:52°15′05″N
513:References
456:skyscraper
398:classicist
370:See also:
919:Wild West
904:Nowa Wieś
858:West Wall
645:Oleandrów
454:Intraco I
441:Palaces.
439:Krasiński
435:Mostowski
419:Treblinka
392:Post-war
343:tenements
325:1900–1939
319:Wild West
243:Lithuania
202:Michael I
180:1700–1900
165:modernist
879:Frascati
823:Grzybowa
777:Old Town
767:New Town
752:Latawiec
708:Old Town
698:New Town
497:Żoliborz
491:See also
423:Majdanek
335:invasion
222:jurydyka
130:Venetian
838:Muranów
797:Ujazdów
782:Powiśle
747:Centrum
728:Ujazdów
713:Powiśle
693:Muranów
640:Muranów
630:Koszyki
625:Centrum
394:socreal
287:Vistula
279:Powiśle
267:Russian
263:Yiddish
247:Belarus
198:Italian
175:History
161:socreal
105:Muranów
34:Muranów
899:Jazdów
874:Dynasy
853:Torwar
843:Stawki
818:Emilia
635:Krucza
609:Warsaw
410:ghetto
303:Serbia
299:Pawiak
259:Hebrew
239:Jewish
214:Venice
210:Murano
134:Murano
126:Poland
122:Warsaw
42:Warsaw
787:Solec
762:Mirów
740:areas
718:Solec
686:areas
283:Solec
472:and
437:and
351:tram
301:and
295:Wola
281:and
265:and
245:and
204:and
145:Jews
118:Wola
313:or
216:.
936::
607:,
277:,
261:,
257:.
596:e
589:t
582:v
396:-
163:-
107:(
20:)
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