829:
don't know how to use. They should know how to use them. They should carry them properly. Keep them within reach. The radio should be operational, but it doesn't work.' For months it had been going on like this. Marshal
Leonardi and Lance Corporal Ricci did not expect an ambush, because their weapons were placed in the bag and one of the two holsters was even in a plastic liner." Chiavarelli's last statement was disputed by Leonardi's widow, who stated that her husband "recently went around armed because he had noticed that a car was following him." In the procedural documents, there are references to numerous requests from the foreman and from Moro himself for the concession of an armoured car. On 6 December 2017, the latest Massacre Commission stated that an armoured car could have been enough to prevent the via Fani attack.
1298:, a member of the BR, mentioned a night meeting held in Milan a few days before the murder of Moro where she and other terrorists, including Morucci and Bonisoli, dissented; the final decision was taken after voting. On 9 May 1978, after a summary people's trial, Moro was murdered by Moretti, as he himself admitted, with the participation of Maccari, who was later revealed to be the fourth man. For many years, before Moretti's admission, it was thought that Gallinari was the one to murder Moro. Years later, Maccari admitted his role in the events, and confirmed that it was Moretti the one to shoot Moro. Maccari said: "My thoughts go to Moro's widow and family. I would like to ask their forgiveness but I fear that by doing so I could continue to offend them."
821:. Ricci and Leonardi, who were sitting in the front seat of the first car, were killed first. Moro was immediately kidnapped and forced into the Fiat 132, which was next to his car. At the same time, the terrorists shot the other three policemen. The only policeman who was able to shoot back twice was Iozzino; he was immediately hit in the head by Bonisoli. All the guards but Francesco Zizzi, who died in the hospital a few hours later, died at the scene. The blue Fiat 132 was found at 09:40 in via Licinio Calvo with blood stains inside. The other cars used in the ambush were also found in the following days in the same road; according to the declarations of the BR members, the cars had been left in the road that same day.
4378:
come Stato, di esistere». Questa fu la posizione che prendemmo sin dal primo giorno e che per fortuna trovò in
Parlamento due patroni risoluti (il Pci di Berlinguer e il Pri di La Malfa) e uno riluttante fra lacrime e singhiozzi (la Dc del moroteo Zaccagnini). Fu questa la «trama» che condusse al tentennante «no» dello Stato, alla conseguente morte di Moro, ma poco dopo anche alla resa delle Brigate rosse. Delle chiacchiere e sospetti che vi sono stati ricamati intorno, e che ogni tanto tuttora affiorano, non è stato mai portato uno straccio di prova, e sono soltanto il frutto del mammismo piagnone di questo popolo imbelle, incapace perfino di concepire che uno Stato possa reagire, a chi ne offende la legge, da Stato.
1225:
one and fortunately it found in
Parliament two determinants political forces (the Italian Communist Party of Berlinguer and the Italian Republican Party of La Malfa) and one reluctant between tears and sobs (the Christian Democracy of Zaccagnini). This was the "plot" that led to the hesitant "no" of the state, to the subsequent death of Moro, but shortly after to the Red Brigades' surrender. Of the tittle-tattle and suspicions that have been embroidered around, and who occasionally crop up still, was never brought a shred of evidence, and are only the result of the complainer momism of a people cowardly, unable even to conceive that a state can react with hardness, against those who offend the law.
1240:, "he day after, the Red Brigades would have kidnapped any Andrea Bianchi and the state would have found itself faced with the alternative: accept the blackmail again or refuse it. If they had accepted it, step by step, the dissolution of the state would have been achieved; if they had not accepted it, it would have been demonstrated, I would say plastically, that in Italy there are citizens of first and second class. And the day after the Red Brigades could have opened a door with the words, almost banking, 'registration to the BR'. And many citizens would have rushed there. In short, in one case or another, the state would have signed its dissolution." Journalist
1253:, another DC member kidnapped by the BR, where the state negotiated and paid the ransom. The outcome of the Cirillo kidnapping stood in sharp contrast to of Moro. When Moro was abducted by the BR in 1978, the DC-led government immediately took a hardline position: the "state must not bend" on terrorist demands. They refused to negotiate with the BR, while local DC members in Campania made every effort and even negotiated with criminals to release Cirillo, a relatively minor politician in comparison with Moro. Some argued that the PCI and Berlinguer were the ones who should have pushed Craxi's and the PSI line of negotiation to save Moro's life. The PSI politician
627:
persons, including a lookout, and others mention up to twenty people taking part in the ambush. Doubts have been cast on the terrorists' declarations, which formed the basis for the official accounts, and about the exact identity of the ambush team's members. The presence of Moro himself in via Fani during the ambush has also been questioned following revelations in the 1990s. According to the findings from the judiciary investigations, eleven people took part in the implementation of the plan. The number and the identity of the actual participants has been questioned several times, and even the confessions of the BR have been contradictory on some points.
3022:, which was published posthumously in October 1978, Moro said: "It is not at all a good thing that my party is the essential pillar of support for Italian democracy. We have governed this country for thirty years. We govern it in a state of necessity, because there has never been a real possibility of a changeover that would not upset the institutional and international structures ... . Our democracy is lame as long as the state of necessity lasts. Until the Christian Democrats are nailed to their role as the only governing party." Both Moro and Berlinguer's proposals never came to fruction. Under the stronger influence of
916:. By 1974, with the decrease of working-class mobilization, they shifted focus from the factory to the state and its institutions; in 1976, they particularly described the magistrature as "the weakest link in the chain of power". Subsequently, they began targeting politicians. Since 1972, the BR had carried out eight other symbolic kidnappings. They all followed a similar strategy in which the victim was subjected to a summary trial and held in captivity for a period between 20 minutes to 55 days, and then released unharmed. Moro's, the ninth of those symbolic kidnappings, was the only one to result in murder.
4167:. p. 1. "C'era infatti qualcosa di trionfalistico nel tono con cui questa vedova nera della politica parlava dei politici e nel perentorio gesto con cui puntava il dito contro tutti. Tutti, eccettuati coloro che le hanno ammazzato il marito. Contro di essi, dalle cronache che ho letto, non ha sporto accuse, non ha pronunciato condanne, non li ha nemmeno guardati. Fosse dipeso da lei, il processo ai terroristi sarebbe diventato il processo alla Dc, di cui suo marito era presidente, al governo di cui suo marito era l'artefice e garante, e ai servizi di sicurezza di cui suo marito era stato l'affossatore."
1086:) found copies of some previously unknown letters in an apartment used by the terrorists in via Monte Nevoso. For undisclosed reasons, the finding was not publicly revealed for years. During the kidnapping, the prevalent view was that Moro did not enjoy complete freedom to write. Despite Moro's wife declaring that she recognized his writing style in them, the letters were considered, if not directly dictated by the terrorists, at least to be inspired or controlled by them. Some experts in an analysis committee formed by Cossiga initially declared that Moro had been subject to
1008:, argued that Moro was not detained in via Montalcini but in a seaside location. His theory is based on the fact that sand and vegetation remains were found in the car together with Moro's body. Furthermore, Moro's body had a generally good muscular tone and in his view this, along with several contradictions in the terrorists' declarations, contravened the traditional view that Moro was closed in a very tight cell with little space to move. More evidence was found by geologist David Bressan, who showed that based on certain
931:, the BR aimed to strike at the whole DC, who were the main exponent of a regime that, as described in BR's first communiqué after the kidnapping "had been suppressing the Italian people for years". While the BR described the DC as their main enemy as early as 1975, when its offices began to be destroyed or ransacked, physical violence began in 1977 and escalated in Moro's murder. According to later terrorist declarations, in the months before the kidnapping the BR had also envisaged the kidnapping of the other DC leader,
1922:
1131:
conditions". Moro, who had previously written a letter to the Pope, reacted angrily to the latter point, feeling he had been abandoned by the
Vatican. The specified "without conditions" is controversial; according to some sources, it was added to Paul VI's letter against his will, and the pope instead wanted to negotiate with the kidnappers. Government members like Cossiga denied this hypothesis. Cossiga was notably involved in numerous scandal of Italian history, in many of which like the
1511:, overturned the judicial and historical truth. According to this reconstruction, the massacre in via Fani saw at least 20 people engaged in the scene of the crime rather than the maximum of 9 people claimed by the Red Brigades, among other inconsistencies. In November 2014, Rome's public prosecutor wrote that it was certain that in via Fani, apart from the Red Brigades, there were also elements of the Italian state's deviated secret services, men of Rome's mafia like the
2893:
1878:, another member of Rome's BR. In January 2004, they were captured in Cairo. The connivances and protections that allowed Algranati's escape and her long absence have never come to light and are still the subject of investigation. Gallinari died in 2013; he was 62. In 2023, it was reported that the 77-years-old Moretti, who has had a semi-freed status since 1997, was living in Brescia, and that he goes to work for a Brescian association through
927:(PCI), the two main parties in Italy at the time, which had both participated in the fourth Andreotti government. It would have been the first time since 1947 that the PCI had a government position, even if an indirect one. The success of the kidnapping would thus have halted the PCI's rise to Italian state institutions, reaffirming the BR as a key point in a future revolutionary war against capitalism. According to others, such as
1126:
restoration of the
Imperialist State of the Multinationals is being established in our country and which has the Christian Democracy as its pivot. ... Moro is also acquainted that he is not the only one, that he is, indeed, the higher exponent of the regime; he thus summons the other hierarchs to share with him the responsibilities, and addresses them an appeal which sounds like an explicit call of "co-culpability".
1190:, was going to obtain an active government role in Italy. A letter by Moro to Zaccagnini, in which he was referring to this argument, had to be rewritten. A second point put forward was the premise that Moro's revelations, from most of the communication during his people's trial by the BR, would have been made public. Unlike other people kidnapped by the BR and subjected to same procedure, such as judge
1322:
1281:
2935:
1201:, and in spite of the unprecedented repetition of the point, in the case of Moro, this never happened. Much of the material collected by the terrorists, including Moro's letter and personal notes written during his imprisonment, became public only after the discovery of the base in via Monte Nevoso. The terrorists later declared they had destroyed all the material containing references to
880:(Rabbit), later said that when the news of the kidnapping and the killing of the bodyguards spread during a workers' demonstration, there was a moment of amazement, which was followed by a moment of euphoria and anxiety because there was a feeling that something would happen so big that things would not be quite the same. He recalled that students present at the event spent the money of
2960:. When he asked his colleagues' opinions about the matter, they replied to him that, if it materialized, the presence of the PCI in the executive would cause the loss of international support, including financial ones, for Italy. At the previous general elections, the DC had scored a 38%, followed by the PCI with 34%. Moro was considered a natural candidate for the next
59:
1033:
869:, was concerned about the hypocrisy of passing laws limiting personal freedom as a reaction to the massacre, saying that "it would play into the hands of the strategy of subversion". He asked for introspection from the authorities and for a genuine willingness to tackle problems that, in his own words, "are at the basis of the economic and moral crisis".
754:, a lookout posted at the corner of via Trionfale, waved a bunch of flowers to alert the terrorists and then drove off on a moped. Moretti's Fiat 128 swerved into the road in front of Moro's car, which bumped into the rear of Moretti's car and remained blocked between it and the bodyguards' Alfetta. Ricci tried an escape manoeuver but was thwarted by a
1071:, then interior minister, as well as on the whole of his party. He wrote: "Of course, I cannot prevent myself from underlining the wickedness of all the Christian Democrats who did not agree with my position ... And Zaccagnini? How can he stay tranquil in his position? And Cossiga could not devise any possible defence? My blood will fall over them."
1446:, who had a one-man show about the Moro case, said: "It has been 20 years, and still the deeper truth has not come out. How can we found a new republic if we cannot tell the truth to ourselves?" Many books have been written that question the Moro affair's trials since the 1980s. They continued to be published well into the 2020s, one example being
597:. On 23 January 1983, an Italian court sentenced 32 members of the BR to life imprisonment for their role in the kidnapping and murder of Moro, among other crimes. Many elements and facts have never been fully cleared up, despite a series of trials, and this has led to the promotion of a number of alternative theories about the events, including
833:
1182:, who proposed the death penalty for the terrorists. The second faction alleged that any negotiation would seem a legitimization of the violence of the terrorists. Furthermore, that solution would not have been accepted by the Italian police forces who had seen numerous members fall during the war against terrorism in previous years.
3060:. According to the acts of the Italian Parliament's commission on terrorism, "Moro's murder, evaluated as a historical fact, appeared as the moment of greatest offensive power of the armed party and, speculatively, as the moment in which the state proved itself unable to give a barely adequate reply to the subversive aggression."
1112:
accounts I read, she pronounced no sentences, she didn't even look at them. If it were up to her, the trial of the terrorists would have been a trial of the DC , of which her husband had been president; of the government of which her husband was both architect and guarantor; and of the security services whose graves he had dug.
1024:. While the kidnappers later claimed to have tried to mislead the investigators by pouring water and sand onto the victim and into the car, forensic geologists expressed doubt that the killers at the time would have been aware of grains of sand as possible evidence for a crime and would not likely have gone through such effort.
1484:). Rome's public prosecutor office had opened an investigation file relating to the statements of two bomb squad members, Vitantonio Raso and Giovanni Circhetta, who were never questioned and said that they arrived at the location two hours before the call from the Red Brigades. In 2014, the first edition of
4377:
Il mio parere è rimasto quello che espressi sul mio
Giornale l'indomani del fattaccio. «Se lo Stato, piegandosi al ricatto, tratta con la violenza che ha già lasciato sul selciato i cinque cadaveri della scorta, in tal modo riconoscendo il crimine come suo legittimo interlocutore, non ha più ragione,
987:
movement. Those like Lotta
Continua shared the need for armed self-defense against police and fascist violence but were critical of terrorist actions, which they saw as elitist and counterproductive, and condemned the BR as a catalyst rather than an answer to repression. Lotta Continua questioned the
903:
A large amount of literature has been written about the reasons for the kidnapping. The BR's kidnappings were different from those in Latin
American or European groups in that, with two major exceptions, they had been pursued not for immediate practical possibilities but for symbolic goals, where the
580:
in via
Caetani after 54 days of imprisonment. Moro had been subjected to a political trial by a "people's court" set up by the BR, which had asked the Italian government for an exchange of prisoners. The car with Moro's body was found very close to both locations of the national offices of the DC and
1854:
There have been five trials in Rome's Court of
Assizes that ended with many life sentences, three inquiry commissions, and two parliamentary commissions. Moretti, who was a fugitive since 1972 and was arrested in 1981, declared in 1993 that he was the one who killed Moro. Casimirri fled to Nicaragua
1663:
Despite these changes, in the months that the kidnapping of Moro developed and executed, no secret service was designed to combat internal subversion. The committees were acting according to old standards, the planning of measures to be taken in case of emergency dating back to the 1950s, and it had
1441:
wrote: "The only prominent dissenters are Mr. Andreotti and his closest aides, some former Red Brigades terrorists who still resist the notion that they were unwittingly manipulated by sinister right-wing forces, and an American scholar, Richard Drake, who wrote a 1995 book that concluded that there
1224:
the day after the crime. "If the state, bowing to blackmail, negotiates with the violence that has already left on the pavement five corpses of Moro's bodyguards, thereby recognizing crime as a legitimate interlocutor, has no reason, as a state, to exist." This was the position that we took from day
1097:
was questioned by the two reports of the Italian Parliament's inquiry about the Moro affair. According to this view, Moro was at the height of his faculties, he was very recognizable, and at some point it was him who was leading the negotiation for his own liberation and salvation. This position was
996:
The exact location of Moro's imprisonment is disputed. The original reconstruction in the trials stated that it was an apartment in via Camillo Montalcini 8 in Rome, which had been owned by a BR member for a few years, and that Moro was killed there in an underground parking garage. Months after the
828:
said during the trial that the weapons were in the boot because "these people didn't know how to use weapons because they had never had any shooting practice, they were not used to handling them, so the guns were in the boot. Leonardi always talked about it. 'These people shouldn't have weapons they
3006:
of the PSI was elected with plebiscite vote. For some time, the non-no confidence government kept alive the possibility of the PCI joining the government. By January 1979, the PCI decided to withdraw from the majority because the conservative wing of the DC had managed to block any attempt to bring
1388:
Despite the long investigations and trials, the exact details of the kidnapping and murder of Moro are not known. This led to the rise and popularization of a number of other alternative theories about the events, and the judicial truth, which attributes responsibility for the operation exclusively
1317:
who, according to some theories, was the alleged instigator of the whole kidnapping or had a leading role, including Moro's interrogatories, and allegedly hosted the BR. According to the terrorist's declarations made some ten years after the event, Moro was woken up at 06:00 with the excuse that he
1291:
Communication No. 9 stated: "For what concerns our proposal of an exchange of political prisoners in order to suspend the condemnation and to release Aldo Moro, we can only record the clear refusal from the DC. We thus conclude the battle begun on 16 March, executing the sentence to which Aldo Moro
1106:
commented severely on the letters written during the kidnapping. He wrote: "Everyone in this world has the right to be afraid. But a statesman (and Moro was the state) can't try to induce the state to a negotiation with terrorists that overall, in the kidnapping of Via Fani, had left on the asphalt
1436:
reported on the popularity of such conspiracy theories, and that few Italians believe in the official version of the Moro's affair, namely that only the Red Brigades bore responsibility for Moro's murder and that the Italian government did its best to save Moro. The belief was that the policie did
1425:
was arrested along with the other persons associated with the Autonomist movement. Negri was charged with a number of offences including leadership of the Red Brigades, masterminding the kidnapping and murder of Moro and plotting to overthrow the government. A year later, Negri was exonerated from
1248:
For those who opposed the hardline, Moro ultimately suffered from this line, and some saw it as a betrayal. They point to other states, such as Germany and Israel, that in practice do not follow a hardline but are pragmatic, depending on the circumstances and interlocutors. Even these that deny in
3305:
The Red Brigades believed that the success of the kidnapping would stop the Communists' rise to become integrated into Italian state institutions and as such being part of the machine they viewed as corrupt and oppressive. Without the being part of the government, the Red Brigades could continue
1125:
The interrogation, whose contents we already described, continues with the prisoner's full collaboration. His answers increasingly clarify the counter-revolutionary lines that the imperialist bases are carrying out; they clearly line out the contours and the body of the "new" regime that, in the
1342:. The bullets perforated Moro's lungs and killed him. The car with his body was taken to via Caetani where it was parked about one hour after the murder. The common interpretation was that the location was midway between the national seats of DC and of the PCI in Rome to symbolize the end of the
1130:
The Red Brigades proposed to exchange Moro for imprisoned terrorists (Communication No. 8). They later accepted to exchange him for a single terrorist. On 22 April 1978, Pope Paul VI made a public speech and asked BR to return Moro to his family, specifying that such act should also be "without
1111:
There was something almost gloating in the tone in which this black widow of politics spoke about politicians, and in her peremptory gesture of pointing her finger at everyone. At everyone, that is, except the people who killed her husband. She made no accusations against them. According to the
1373:
Moro was wearing the same grey clothes he had during the kidnapping. The cravat had several blood stains, traces of sand were found in the pockets and socks, and traces of vegetation were also found. Eventually, the terrorists declared that they had intentionally added those traces in order to
856:
received a large majority of votes, including those of his traditional enemies, notably the PCI. Before the kidnapping, the PCI were supposed to enter the government in a direct role but the emergency changed the situation, resulting in another cabinet under the firm control of the DC. The PCI
978:
with Moro and the DC. With the kidnapping and murder of Moro, they were instrumental in blocking the PCI's road to government. In the words of historian David Broder, rather than causing through their actions a radicalization of the Italian political landscape as they had hoped, their actions
626:
The terrorists had prepared an ambush by parking two cars in via Mario Fani that, once moved, would prevent Moro's cars from escaping. According to the official reconstruction at the subsequent trials, eleven people participated in the assault. Other reconstructions report the presence of ten
1413:
politics, that both sides welcomed his kidnapping, and that, by refusing to negotiate, they led to his death. The judges investigating the Moro affair dismissed these conspiracy theories, arguing that there is no evidence to support those interpretations of the Moro murder case, and while
1244:
argued that negotiations would have been an error, saying: "The only possible solution would have been — had the state apparatus been more efficient and less polluted — to find his prison and free him. I remain convinced that firmness in dealing with the terrorists was the right choice."
1369:
made after the discovery assigned the death to around 09:00 and 10:00 of the same day, in contradiction to the terrorist's declarations. Witnesses declared that the car was in the street as early as 08:00 a.m., while some witnesses declared that they did not see it before 12:30 a.m.
1185:
Writers, including Moro's brother, underlined how the BR's communication lacked any reference to the possible role of the PCI in the Italian government. This was in spite of the day chosen for the kidnapping being that in which PCI, for the first time since the early years of the
1503:, which was founded in 2007 as a merger of the PCI's legal successor parties and the DC's left wings, was a member of the Commission of Inquiry into the Moro Case and author of the parliamentary volume. He said that the reports of the Moro Commission, which was approved by the
1051:. In the letters, Moro puts forward the possibility of negotiation for his liberation if help from his party's colleagues and of the highest figures of the Italian Republic could be obtained. Some of Moro's letters allegedly contain hidden allusions and hints. In one letter to
800:
1664:
not been updated even after the alarming growth of terrorism. According to Montanelli, this was because the country had spread an atmosphere of resignation, if not indulgence, to left-wing terrorism, as in the trials defendants get extenuating circumstances,
1520:
In August 2020, about sixty individuals from the world of historical research and political inquiry signed a document denouncing the growing weight that the conspiratorial view on the kidnapping and killing of Moro has in public discourse. Historian
3015:, the DC remained stable while the PCI suffered a sharp setback; this result marked the end of the government of national solidarity and the possibility of entry of the PCI in the executive. The PCI's road to government was effectively closed.
1547:, which according to the sentences of the judiciary have a right-wing matrix, in any case opposite in motive, objectives, and operational practices to the making of groups of the armed revolutionary left and of the Red Brigades, genetically
1292:
has been condemned." The depositions made to the Italian judges during the trials showed that not all the BR leaders were for condemning Moro to death. Moretti called Moro's wife by phone, asking her to push the DC leaders for negotiations.
1429:
Because there remains several unclear aspects and it is widely acknowledged, including by the judges themselves, failures on the part of the police, alternative and conspiracy theories are widely popoluar. Twenty years after Moro's death,
1562:, minister of the interior at the time, formed two crisis committees on the very day of the kidnapping of Moro. These included a technical-operational-political committee, chaired by Cossiga himself and in his absence by undersecretary
1062:
suggested that in his letters Moro was including clues about his position, as when he wrote to his wife "I am here in full health" on 27 March to indicate that he was in Rome. In the letter of 8 April, Moro launched a vibrant attack at
1333:
The terrorists put him into a wicker basket and brought him to the parking garage of their base in via Montalcini. They put him into the boot of a red Renault; after covering him with a red sheet, Moretti shot Moro with a 9 mm
3995:
1374:
sidetrack the investigators. In the boot, there were also some of Moro's personal effects, a bracelet and his watch, and some spent cartridges. Moro also had a thigh wound, likely suffered during the initial assault in via Fani.
1426:
Moro's kidnapping. No link was ever established between Negri and the Red Brigades, and almost all of the charges against him (including seventeen murders) were dropped within months of his arrest due to lack of evidence.
1409:, among other entities and individuals either individually or in different combinations. Conspiracy theorists hold that Moro, a progressive who wanted the PCI to be part of government, was ultimately sacrificed due to
5214:
1361:, the assistant of Moro, in order to let him announce the location of the body. This fulfilled a will explicitly communicated by Moro to his kidnappers. At 13:30, a phone call, attributed to Morucci, notified the
5188:
988:
BR's claim that eliminating individual capitalists would have strengthened class organization. After its dissolution, the Lotta Continua continuity paper headlined "neither with the state nor the Red Brigades".
1668:
was considered a simple subversive association (instead of an armed gang), and a part of the judiciary harbored hostility towards the state and was sympathetic to the revolutionary myths. Political scientist
1272:, in which they said that "precisely because the DC is expressing itself against Craxi's attempt, your openness is desirable, which would have the effect of improving relations between the PSI and the PCI."
4550:
1383:
598:
1107:
five dead between Carabinieri and policemen." He was also scathingly critical of Moro's widow, who subsequently blamed the DC and the Italian political class in general for his fate. In 1982, he wrote:
1859:, Nicaragua, with her husband, from whom she later separated but not officially; he remained in Nicaragua, while she left Nicaragua in the early 1990s after the end of the marriage. She moved first to
1229:
Among those who supported the hardline, one argument is that it would have been seen as an incentive for more kidnappings and criminal acts as a way to blackmail and extort the state. In the words of
758:
casually parked at the crossroad. Moro's cars were finally trapped from behind by Lojacono's 128. At this point, four armed terrorists jumped out from the bushes at the sides of the street, firing
1249:
principle any negotiation and ransom payment by the state circumvented these claims through private insurance companies and contractors, such as the United States. Critics point to the April 1981
170:
5534:
904:
targeted symbol represented an action towards the symbolized entity. Initially, the BR focused on managerial staff and right-wing trade unionists from the country's largest firms, such as
569:. While Italy was not the sole European country to experience extremist terrorism, which also occurred in France, Germany, Ireland, and Spain, the murder of Moro was the apogee of Italy's
4666:
2628:
4241:
2952:
between the DC and the PCI, one of Moro's main goals, was not liked by Italy's main international partners. On 23 March 1976, Moro, during his tenure as prime minister, took part in the
935:. This was abandoned once they deemed that Andreotti's police protection was too strong. Although increasingly weakened, the DC remained the main government party until 1994. In 1981,
4604:
3306:
with their revolutionary war against capitalism. In the first communication by the Red Brigades, they claimed that the DC: '... had been suppressing the Italian people for years'.
4635:
4496:
2978:
On 16 March 1978, the day of the kidnapping of Moro, Andreotti's cabinet obtained the vote of confidence; it was voted for by all the Italian parties, with the exception of the
4697:
3131:
5786:
3979:
1599:(a secret information agency), the director of UCIGOS, and the police prefect of Rome. The other was an information committee, including members of CESIS, SISDE, SISMI, and
983:
blowback and a decline for the extra-parliamentary left. During this time, the BR's activities were denounced by Lotta Continua and Potere Operaio, which were closer to the
6517:
5508:
1090:. Cossiga later admitted that he had partially written the speech held by Andreotti in which it was said that Moro's letter were to be considered "not morally authentic".
796:(RAF). One unidentified witness declared that a German voice was heard during the ambush, which led to a presumption of the participation of RAF militiamen in the ambush.
5560:
1121:
During the 55 days of Moro's detention, the Red Brigades issued nine Communications in which they explained the reasons for the kidnapping. The Communication No. 3 said:
813:) declared that there had been a shooting in via Fani. 91 bullets were fired, 45 of which hit the bodyguards, who were all killed. 49 shots came from a single weapon, a
5613:
5400:
4391:
2623:
2964:, with the ensuing realization of the government alliance between the two parties. His assassination marked the definitive end of the Historic Compromise. Historian
1680:
said that terrorism had become "a historical phenomenon understandable (though not justifiable) in a period of social change thwarted by a corrupt political class".
163:
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6522:
6205:
6182:
6159:
6062:
6030:
3074:
1543:, a writer and former Red Brigades member who signed the document, commented: "The trigger was yet another fake that brought together the events related to the
3770:
5643:
2994:(the latter being left to far-left formations). The executive was formed exclusively by DC members and could govern only with the indirect support of PCI (the
4267:
1468:. He added that if some documents had not been hidden from him, he would have indicted them for complicity in association in the Moro case, including for the
2921:
2194:
4469:
3048:
scandal and the ties between the Mafia and Andreotti himself, which also involved the allied parties (in addition to the former PCI, which was renamed the
943:
in a DC-based alliance; it was the first time since the formation of the Italian Republic. Other three non-DC later became premier in a DC-based alliance:
5734:
803:
The victims of the via Fani attack. Above is Oreste Leonardi, from left to right are Raffaele Iozzino, Francesco Zizzi, Giulio Rivera, and Domenico Ricci.
6457:
5076:
3018:
Moro's proposed Democracy of Alternation, in contrapposition to Berlinguer's Historic Compromise, was opposed by the United States. In an interview with
2199:
156:
4859:
1318:
had to be moved to another secret base. In contradiction to this, Bonisoli said that Moro was told that he had been pardoned and was going to be freed.
5674:
5587:
5481:
3796:
1055:
sent on 9–10 April and enclosed in the BR's Communication No. 5, he asked: "Is there maybe, behind against me, an American or German instruction?"
893:
630:
At 08:45, the BR members took their positions at the end of via Fani, a downhill street in the northern quarter of Rome. Four of them were wearing
5349:
3002:
resigned as the president of Italy, ending six months before his term as a result of harsh polemics and attacks on his person. A few weeks later,
2560:
4674:
1257:
had apparently convinced Fanfani to negotiate with the BR in order to save Moro. There was a conversation between Signorile and PCI politicians
6447:
2685:
2998:, or non-no confidence). Between 1978 and 1979, Italy was involved with a series of events, after the assassination of Moro. On 15 June 1978,
6527:
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6405:
6250:
6231:
6134:
5384:
5260:
5701:
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5102:
1098:
supported by Sciascia, who discussed it in the minority report he signed as a member of the first parliamentary commission and in his book
4922:
5454:
4612:
3104:
3170:
2590:
1047:. Some arrived at their addressees, while others that had not been sent were later found in another base of the BR in via Monte Nevoso,
4742:
4643:
2565:
6477:
3953:
Commissione parlamentare d'inchiesta sul terrorismo in Italia e sulle cause della mancata individuazione dei responsabili delle stragi
2648:
841:
615:
4705:
4121:
3406:
Drake, Richard (2001). "Why the Moro Trials Have Not Settled the Moro Murder Case: A Problem in Political and Intellectual History".
1611:'s commission about the Moro affair. He omitted to reveal the decisions and the activities of the committee. This committee included
1457:, one of the judges of the Moro case, said that Moro was murdered by the Red Brigades with the complicity of Andreotti, Cossiga, and
6303:
6088:
4066:
2211:
1532:, who was one of the signatories, stated that this stance forces everyone "to measure themselves against the principle of reality".
955:(in 1993). The immediate consequence of the kidnapping was the exclusion of PCI from any government cabinet in the following years.
305:
5794:
1346:, the alliance between the DC and the PCI that Moro had sought. In fact, the car was found more towards the river Tiber, near the
6502:
6482:
4523:
4443:
3318:
3057:
2914:
2692:
2665:
2608:
2585:
2231:
5879:
2702:
2618:
2261:
1544:
1414:
acknowledging that Moro had powerful political enemies, they insisted that conspiracy theorists had made too many assumptions.
1187:
866:
4268:"Caso Moro, monsignor Mennini: 'Mai stato nella prigione delle Br. Paolo VI mise da parte 10 miliardi per pagare il riscatto'"
6532:
6452:
4180:
3462:
2555:
1646:
1603:, another military intelligence office. A third unofficial committee was created but never met officially; it was called the
1508:
5621:
4211:
1326:
509:), was a seminal event in Italian political history. On the morning of 16 March 1978, the day on which a new cabinet led by
4577:
1208:
Montanelli sided in favour of firmness and against the negotiations from the first day. In 2000, responding to a reader on
824:
On 16 March, the escort in via Fani was not carrying weapons, which were instead kept in the boot of the cars; Moro's wife
6487:
6357:
3494:
3031:
3012:
1670:
6497:
6467:
3743:
3049:
2550:
2533:
2473:
4949:
3372:
817:
submachine gun, and 22 from another of the same model. The remaining 20 shots came from other weapons which included a
3069:
3052:, or PDS, that was involved at the local level), they continued to lose support. In 1994, the party was disbanded and
2907:
2680:
2675:
2518:
2508:
2489:
2226:
2216:
1901:
1504:
1163:
853:
849:
526:
321:
5906:
2655:
2580:
852:, stopped the parliamentary session and announced that Moro had been kidnapped. In the election on the same day, the
5760:
5651:
5561:"Moro, 45 anni dopo le Idi di Marzo. La verità assente: troppe coincidenze e tanti misteri ancora tutti da spiegare"
5319:
4083:
4013:
3007:
PCI ministers into the government. In January 1979, Andreotti's cabinet resigned and Pertini entrusted the task to
2146:
1250:
1079:
396:
1607:(committee of experts). Its existence was not disclosed until 1981 by Cossiga himself in his interrogation by the
5050:
2575:
2331:
654:
were in another Fiat 128 some meters ahead. On the opposite side of the street, there was a third Fiat 128, with
555:
in Moro's car and three policemen in the following car — and kidnapped him. The events remain a national trauma.
406:
363:
5136:
3132:"'Esterno Notte': Marco Bellochio's series grapples with ghost of assassinated Italian prime minister Aldo Moro"
401:
2538:
2221:
1500:
1175:
326:
974:, including by the PCI, which took a hard stand against terrorism and Moro's kidnapping; the BR opposed their
3263:
1001:, the Italian police's central directorate for political crimes, and was thus abandoned by the Red Brigades.
6507:
4923:"Dalla Banda della Magliana alla seduta spiritica: tutto quello che non torna nella detenzione di Aldo Moro"
2979:
2942:
2737:
2643:
2528:
2523:
2066:
1477:
1167:
1151:
940:
924:
582:
6337:
6332:
5163:"Presentazione del libro 'Aldo Moro. Una verità compromessa' di Michel Emi Maritato (Porto Seguro Editore)"
3196:
6442:
2965:
1650:
1469:
1132:
386:
284:
232:
206:
201:
1191:
6512:
5024:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2697:
2570:
2246:
1921:
1616:
1574:
1454:
570:
180:
50:
3835:
European Journal of Sociology / Archives Européennes de Sociologie / Europäisches Archiv für Soziologie
2346:
2206:
1855:
and was never captured. Algranati, Casimirri's wife and a fugitive since 1982, lived for many years in
1631:
1533:
673:, near the crossroads where the street ended. Moro left his house a few minutes before 09:00 in a blue
3163:"Remembering Aldo Moro, the former prime minister killed by terrorists during Italy's 'Years of Lead'"
2975:
described Moro's murder as "the most dramatic and decisive event in the history of republican Italy".
1868:
1620:
1351:
730:
461:
5427:
4470:"Un silenzio lungo 40 anni. Il caso Cirillo e i segreti di quella trattativa tra Stato, camorra e Br"
2835:
2762:
2241:
1986:
1642:
1563:
1513:
1458:
1389:
to the Red Brigades, has failed to take root in the collective memory of Italians. Some of those are
1362:
1309:
in via Michelangelo Caetani in the historic centre of Rome. The location was mentioned by journalist
1052:
952:
825:
782:
708:
693:
634:
airline crew uniforms. Since not all team members knew each other, the uniforms were needed to avoid
5735:"La nuova vita di Mario Moretti: dall'esecuzione di Aldo Moro al volontariato in una Rsa di Brescia"
1803:
1522:
767:
744:
703:, sat beside him. Leonardi was the head of the bodyguard team. The Fiat 130 was followed by a white
678:
659:
4728:
4371:
4148:
3084:
2949:
2830:
2767:
2316:
2301:
2283:
2271:
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2006:
1879:
1390:
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1210:
1039:, who led the crisis committees and was the president of the Italian republic between 1985 and 1992
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920:
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534:
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1230:
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6199:
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5853:
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2961:
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2855:
2810:
2468:
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2151:
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1951:
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1655:
1608:
1583:
1489:
1438:
1432:
1094:
1064:
936:
778:
518:
477:
1339:
6299:
6246:
6227:
6130:
6084:
5991:
5938:"Le BR e l'omicidio Moro. Abbandonato alle BR dagli amici: 'Il mio sangue ricadrà su di voi!'"
5845:
5709:
5380:
5215:"Ferdinando Imposimato: 'Moro fu ucciso dalle Br per volere di Andreotti, Cossiga e Lettieri'"
5110:
4996:
4366:
4062:
4039:
3850:
3423:
3289:
3053:
2938:
2860:
2613:
2441:
2321:
2126:
2101:
2046:
1991:
1981:
1786:
1747:
1559:
1310:
1254:
1171:
1068:
1059:
1043:
During his detention, Moro wrote 86 letters to the main members of the DC, his family, and to
1036:
858:
655:
651:
227:
5287:
4551:"Signorile: 'Convinsi Fanfani ad aprire alle Br per salvare Aldo Moro. Poi accadde qualcosa'"
3162:
1196:
5979:
5761:"Mario Moretti, la nuova vita a Brescia del brigatista con 6 ergastoli che uccise Aldo Moro"
4988:
4750:
3842:
3697:
3415:
3019:
2897:
2866:
2850:
2845:
2670:
2426:
2416:
2373:
2363:
2278:
2121:
2111:
2096:
2086:
2071:
2031:
2021:
2016:
1946:
1595:(respectively, Italy's military and civil intelligence services), the national secretary of
1280:
1202:
1103:
1017:
932:
896:
809:
793:
510:
502:
429:
279:
237:
5241:
1636:
1538:
892:
368:
6414:
6396:
6378:
6328:
6319:
3717:"Le BR e l'omicidio Moro. Dietro la morte del dirigente DC uno spietato gioco delle parti"
3518:
3498:
3345:
3027:
3023:
2840:
2545:
2446:
2393:
2256:
2236:
2184:
2166:
2116:
1976:
1966:
1827:
1773:
1734:
1612:
1398:
1314:
1295:
1136:
763:
743:
The ambush began at 9:00 when the two cars with Moro and his bodyguards entered via Fani.
647:
590:
514:
445:
300:
274:
31:
6369:
6348:
6243:
L'Honda anomala. Il rapimento Moro, una lettera anonima e un ispettore con le mani legate
5189:"'In via Caetani noi artificieri siamo arrivati due ore prima della telefonata delle Br'"
1873:
1625:
1356:
735:
5249:(in Italian) (2nd ed.). Democratic Party Group. p. 3 – via Deputati PD.
4444:"Cirillo, l'uomo dei segreti tra Brigate Rosse, Stato e camorra: 'Fu zittito dalla Dc'"
3079:
3039:
3003:
2999:
2825:
2815:
2772:
2757:
2719:
2660:
2453:
2436:
2431:
2336:
2311:
2141:
2131:
2091:
2056:
1996:
1971:
1961:
1956:
1936:
1702:
1568:
1481:
1463:
1083:
980:
971:
967:
963:
948:
787:
759:
713:
698:
347:
342:
258:
4977:"Mappe della memoria. I cinquantacinque giorni del rapimento Moro: un'analisi di caso"
1158:, and the extra-parliamentary left, and the others totally negating that possibility (
6436:
6417:– report about writings, claims, and communiqués of the Red Brigades at Archivio 900
6387:
5967:
4726:
Calabrò, Maria Antonietta (30 May 1999). "Caso Moro, un musicista ospitò i capi Br".
4146:
Montanelli, Indro (22 March 1997). "Aldo Moro, al di la' della melassa ipocrita...".
3870:
3443:
2713:
2633:
2326:
2189:
2161:
2156:
2106:
2081:
2001:
1941:
1808:
1760:
1707:
1527:
1443:
1422:
1155:
944:
928:
845:
772:
749:
683:
664:
639:
635:
561:
253:
2787:
1146:
Italian politicians were divided into two factions: one favourable to negotiations (
5482:"Moretti e Tuti da oltre 40 anni in cella: è ora di liberali, così è solo vendetta"
4877:
3008:
2742:
2707:
2421:
2383:
2076:
2051:
2036:
1675:
1473:
1321:
1263:
1179:
1140:
1087:
1044:
1013:
1009:
799:
724:
538:
533:, or DC, Italy's relative majority party at the time), was assaulted by a group of
141:
17:
5937:
5509:"È morto Aldo Madia, l'uomo che catturò il capo delle Brigate Rosse Mario Moretti"
4188:
3716:
3470:
614:
5787:"Grandi coalizioni. Gli anni della solidarietà nazionale, by Maurizio Stefanini,
4219:
2948:
The kidnapping and murder of Moro drastically changed the politics of Italy. The
1884:
1235:
5243:
16 marzo 1978 – 9 maggio 1978. Aldo Moro: Il Partito Democratico vuole la verità
4497:"Lo stato e la trattativa con i terroristi Perché per Cirillo sì e per Moro no?"
4337:
4320:
Montanelli, Indro (16 December 1995). "Andreotti e Pecorelli: come un romanzo".
4163:
3980:
Forensic Geology And The Unsolved Murder Mystery of Italian Politician Aldo Moro
3044:
2957:
2934:
2752:
2638:
2378:
2368:
2136:
2026:
2011:
1665:
1335:
1302:
1220:
1102:. Moro was never tortured by the Red Brigades during the 55 days. In the 1990s,
1032:
913:
873:
862:
818:
551:
424:
4059:
Il mio sangue ricadrà su di loro. Gli scritti di Aldo Moro prigioniero delle Br
3797:"Mario Moretti: il doppiogiochista che lavorava per i servizi segreti di Yalta"
3491:
1494:
1082:(then coordinator of the fight against terrorism in Italy, later killed by the
4787:
3846:
3771:"Cosa dicono le carte desecretate della commissione d'inchiesta sul caso Moro"
3660:
3435:
2820:
2782:
2513:
2483:
2478:
2388:
2306:
2251:
1241:
984:
905:
755:
556:
222:
111:
5849:
5713:
5114:
5000:
3854:
3427:
3035:
2792:
2777:
2747:
2398:
2356:
1909:
1795:
1418:
1306:
1285:
619:
577:
522:
130:
4896:
1074:
Doubts have been cast over the complete publication of Moro's letters. The
6381:– report about Moro's writings during his kidnapping days at Archivio 900
6224:
Doveva morire. Chi ha ucciso Aldo Moro. Il giudice dell'inchiesta racconta
3056:, the DC's last secretary, decided to change the name of the party to the
840:
The Red Brigades claimed responsibility for the attack in a phone call to
549:. Firing automatic weapons, the terrorists killed Moro's bodyguards — two
58:
6390:– Italian news agencies reports about the Moro affair at Vuoto a Perdere
6003:
3011:. As the attempt failed, there were new elections on 3 June 1979. At the
2458:
2341:
1410:
1135:, he had an active role in sidetracking the investigations. According to
959:
674:
670:
643:
631:
5880:"La morte di Aldo Moro e la possibilità di un nuovo compromesso storico"
5857:
5614:"Presa la Algranati, era in via Fani. Con lei Falessi, membro delle Ucc"
4091:
3862:
3532:
3034:, the DC went down for the first time below 30% of the votes due to the
148:
5377:
Il falsario di Stato. Uno spaccato noir della Roma degli anni di piombo
5350:"Il complottismo, malattia perenne del discorso pubblico sul caso Moro"
5261:"Gero Grassi, una vita dedicata alla ricerca della verità su Aldo Moro"
2877:
1864:
1856:
1366:
814:
704:
832:
593:
of Western Europe) in Rome. The BR were opposed to Moro and the PCI's
5077:"The riddle of Aldo Moro: was Italy's establishment happy to see him"
4976:
4524:"Quando la DC decise di trattare con le BR per liberare Ciro Cirillo"
2351:
1860:
1848:
Life imprisonment; home detention from 1996. Gallinari died in 2013.
1442:
was no conspiracy. Mr. Drake's book was widely disparaged in Italy."
1402:
1347:
998:
116:
5815:
Guy Debord, January 1979, Foreword to the fourth Italian edition of
4992:
658:
inside, facing the expected direction from which Moro would arrive.
4181:"List of the communications at Cronologia Italiana history website"
3419:
3030:(from 1989), the DC remained a government party until 1994. In the
958:
Throughout their existence, the BR were generally opposed by other
6408:– gallery of contemporary frontpages and videos at Televisionando
5535:"Carcere e casa a Brescia, la nuova vita dell'ex Br Mario Moretti"
2986:(the first a far-right party, the second a centre-right one), the
2933:
1913:
1819:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1320:
1279:
1048:
1031:
1021:
1020:, as opposed to a natural river beach near the delta of the river
891:
861:
spoke of "an attempt to stop a positive political process", while
831:
798:
613:
4020:(in Italian). No. 61. Istituto Euroarabo di Mazara del Vallo
6423:
3232:
The Mysterious Intermediary: Igor Markevitch and the Moro Affair
1600:
1384:
Conspiracy theories about the kidnapping and murder of Aldo Moro
1325:
The location where Moro's body was found, in via Caetani, rione
909:
566:
546:
72:
5588:"I fiori della compagna Marzia diedero il segnale della strage"
4392:"No, Aldo Moro non fu tradito: Dc e Pci hanno salvato lo Stato"
3105:"Halo for Italy's martyred PM, friend of Paul VI seems on hold"
1016:
found on the victim and car, Moro must have been located on an
152:
5288:"Aldo Moro: una verità negata. Intervista all'On. Gero Grassi"
5103:"Rome Journal; Agony Lingers, 20 Years After the Moro Killing"
3955:, 22nd session, interrogation of Valerio Morucci, 18 June 1997
3833:
Moss, David (1981). "The kidnapping and murder of Aldo Moro".
1406:
1394:
792:. This maneuver is similar to one used by the German far-left
638:. In the upper part of the road and on the right-hand side,
6372:– report about the Moro affair's parliamentary commissions
6349:
Brigate Rosse, caso Moro ed eversione di sinistra. Anni '70
6127:
Abbiamo ucciso Aldo Moro. La vera storia del rapimento Moro
6017:
Il memoriale di Moro rinvenuto in Via Monte Nevoso a Milano
5644:"Br arrestati, ora i pm indagano su chi aiutò la latitanza"
4815:
Abbiamo ucciso Aldo Moro. La vera storia del rapimento Moro
4175:
4173:
4107:
Abbiamo ucciso Aldo Moro. La vera storia del rapimento Moro
3457:
3455:
3453:
3221:
3219:
3217:
2953:
807:
At 9:03, an anonymous call to the 1–1–3 emergency service (
6322:– series of reports about the Moro affair at Archivio 900
3605:"Via Fani: 44 anni fa la strage della scorta di Aldo Moro"
3228:
Il misterioso intermediario: Igorʹ Markevič e il caso Moro
997:
kidnapping, that apartment was put under investigation by
6081:
Il misterioso intermediario. Igor Markevic e il caso Moro
5426:
Casamassima, Pino; Ceccherini, Federica (16 March 2023).
4578:"Caso Moro, non dimentichiamo cosa (non) fece Berlinguer"
1742:
Life imprisonment; freed in 1994 due to his dissociation
6415:
Scritti, rivendicazioni e comunicati delle Brigate Rosse
6109:
Aldo Moro. "... L'iniqua ed ingrata sentenza della D.C."
4522:
Consoli, Andrea Di; Scotti, Vincenzo (18 January 2019).
884:
to buy champagne and toast with workers of the canteen.
5320:"Le nuove verità sul caso Moro. Parla Gero Grassi (Pd)"
4860:"Caso Moro, le risposte a tutte le domande dei lettori"
1573:. Other members included the supreme commanders of the
6298:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
6222:
Provvisionato, Sandro; Imposimato, Ferdinando (2008).
4788:"Valerio Morucci e Franco Tritto – Corpo di Aldo Moro"
1150:) that, amongst others, included the secretary of the
919:
The BR chose Moro due to his role as mediator between
576:
On 9 May 1978, Moro's body was found in the boot of a
6426:– interactive website and blog about the Moro affair
4950:"Tutto quello che non torna nella morte di Aldo Moro"
3744:"Tutto quel che non torna del rapimento di Aldo Moro"
1615:(a psychologist of the anti-terrorism section of the
4292:"Cari lettori, sui sequestri siete troppo confusi".
4161:
Montanelli, Indro (23 July 1982). "La vedova nera".
4122:"Chi ha ancora paura della verità sul delitto Moro?"
2629:
Communist Party of Italy (Marxist–Leninist) Red Line
1755:
Life imprisonment; paroled in 2006 and died in 2024
1004:
Moro's brother Carlo Alfredo, a judge and author of
4667:"L' ex br Maccari confessa: 'Cosi' uccidemmo Moro'"
3584:
3582:
3580:
470:
454:
438:
417:
379:
356:
335:
314:
293:
267:
246:
215:
194:
137:
125:
102:
79:
68:
43:
3319:"Moro's killers among 32 jailed for life in Italy"
1365:that Moro's body was in a car in via Caetani. The
1284:9 May 1978: Moro found dead in via Caetani in the
1143:10 billion to pay a ransom in order to save Moro.
762:; the judiciary investigations identified them as
525:, former prime minister and then president of the
5343:
5341:
4605:"Mario Moretti: e adesso non ci sono più misteri"
4419:"Remembering Aldo Moro 40 Years After Kidnapping"
4014:"Rileggere 'L'Affaire Moro' di Leonardo Sciascia"
1499:, a former DC member and by then a member of the
1486:Aldo Moro: Il Partito Democratico vuole la verità
1378:Subsequent hypotheses, investigations, and trials
1170:(PCI), including the latter's national secretary
6379:Gli scritti di Aldo Moro dal carcere brigatista
6038:Martinelli, Roberto; Padellaro, Antonio (1979).
5702:"Prospero Gallinari, a Terrorist, Is Dead at 62"
30:"Moro Affair" redirects here. For the film, see
6399:– report about the Moro trials at Archivio 900
5313:
5311:
5309:
4665:Haver, Flavio; Martirano, Dino (20 June 1996).
3373:"The kidnapping and assassination of Aldo Moro"
1216:
1123:
1109:
6271:. London, England, UK: Granada Publishing Ltd.
3190:
3188:
3075:Kidnapping and murder of Hanns Martin Schleyer
6079:Fasanella, Giovanni; Rocca, Giuseppe (2003).
5650:(in Italian). 16 January 2004. Archived from
5620:(in Italian). 14 January 2004. Archived from
5018:
5016:
5014:
5012:
5010:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3508:
3506:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3156:
3154:
3152:
2915:
164:
8:
6269:Days of Wrath: The Public Agony of Aldo Moro
5675:"Morto Gallinari, il brigatista 'contadino'"
5401:"Quattro processi per la verità giudiziaria"
4636:"'Fui io ad accusarlo. E' finito un incubo'"
3828:
3826:
3824:
3822:
3820:
3818:
3226:Fasanella, Giovanni; Roca, Giuseppe (2003).
1338:and after the weapon jammed, a 7.65 mm
646:displaying a fake diplomatic license plate.
6116:Bianco, Giovanni (2007). "L'affaire Moro".
6047:Flamigni, Sergio; Flamigni, Sergio (1997).
5375:Biondo, Nicola; Veneziani, Massimo (2008).
4353:Indro Montanelli: Una biografia (1909–2001)
2624:Communist Party of Italy (Marxist–Leninist)
1768:Six life imprisonments; semi-freed in 1997
1517:, and men of the European secret services.
1301:Moro's body was found that same day in the
6280:. Milan, Lombardy, Italy: Rizzoli Editore.
6204:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
6181:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
6158:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
6061:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
6029:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2922:
2908:
1896:
1889:and regularly returns to prison by 10 pm.
191:
171:
157:
149:
40:
6518:Terrorist incidents in Italy in the 1970s
5586:Bellu, Giovanni Maria (15 January 2004).
4880:(10 May 1978). "Hanno ucciso Aldo Moro".
3888:
3886:
3884:
3882:
3880:
3533:"Article at americaoggi.it 16 March 2008"
3197:"The kidnapping and killing of Aldo Moro"
836:A picture of the events after the assault
27:Abduction and murder of Italian statesman
5907:"Aldo Moro a 40 anni dal suo sacrificio"
5905:Occhetta, Francesco (15 November 2018).
5831:"Le lettere dalla prigione di Aldo Moro"
5507:Grignetti, Francesco (13 January 2023).
4704:(in Italian). p. 15. Archived from
4642:(in Italian). p. 15. Archived from
4611:(in Italian). p. 15. Archived from
3290:"The Kidnapping And Murder Of Aldo Moro"
1687:
1218:My opinion remains that expressed on my
6329:1980. Massacro nel covo di via Fracchia
6276:Montanelli, Indro; Mario Cervi (1991).
5348:Pantaloni, Alberto (25 November 2020).
4975:Cavallaro, Filippo (31 December 2005).
4673:(in Italian). p. 1. Archived from
4365:Montanelli, Indro (22 September 2000).
4351:Gerbi, Sandro; Raffaele Liucci (2014).
3096:
2561:Italian General Confederation of Labour
1908:
1835:Freed in 1994 due to her collaboration
91: – 9 May 1978
6370:Commissioni Parlamentari sul caso Moro
6197:
6174:
6151:
6054:
6022:
5673:Bianconi, Giovanni (14 January 2013).
5031:. Vol. 17, no. 3. p. 76
4698:"'Erano le 6.30, così uccidemmo Moro'"
3923:"Mistero di stato in via Montalcini".
1393:involving the Italian government, the
6523:Terrorist incidents in Europe in 1978
5025:"Mythmaking & the Aldo Moro case"
1684:Terrorists involved in the kidnapping
1350:. At 12:30, a phone call was made to
970:, and were isolated from the Italian
707:with the three remaining bodyguards:
7:
6351:– series of reports at Archivio 900
6215:Il caso Moro. Un dizionario italiano
5137:"Aldo Moro – Una verità compromessa"
4858:Bianconi, Giovanni (10 March 2008).
4576:Cicchitto, Fabrizio (30 June 2020).
3965:Moro, Alfredo Carlo. "Chapter III".
3938:"La vera storia di via Montalcini".
3908:"Moro fu ucciso in via Montalcini".
3769:Bianconi, Giovanni (16 March 2022).
3026:(from 1982 to 1989), Andreotti, and
1437:not do all they could to save Moro.
1313:as the residence of opera conductor
6360:– article about the Moro affair at
6100:Il caso Moro e i suoi falsi misteri
5700:Martin, Douglas (18 January 2013).
5428:"Aldo Moro: l'uomo del compromesso"
5135:De Fenu, Dario (15 February 2023).
4310:. Editori Riuniti. pp. 123 ff.
3996:Le lettere da patibolo di Aldo Moro
3288:Castro, Beppe (14 September 2022).
1067:, national secretary of the DC, at
497:, also referred to in Italy as the
5453:Galassi, Luciano (15 March 2018).
5101:Stanley, Alessandra (9 May 1998).
4832:. Editori Riuniti. pp. 75 ff.
4749:(in Italian). 2006. Archived from
4355:. Milan, Lombardy, Italy: Hoepli.
4187:(in Italian). 2000. Archived from
4120:Vecellio, Valter (16 March 2017).
3665:La nuova storia d'Italia a fumetti
3649:. Editori Riuniti. pp. 45 ff.
3634:. Editori Riuniti. pp. 31 ff.
3469:(in Italian). 2007. Archived from
3173:from the original on 7 August 2023
1587:, the recently named directors of
495:kidnapping and murder of Aldo Moro
392:Kidnapping and murder of Aldo Moro
238:Defenestration of Giuseppe Pinelli
44:Kidnapping and murder of Aldo Moro
25:
6458:20th-century mass murder in Italy
6406:Le Pagine Del Sequestro Moro foto
5793:. Loccidentale.it. Archived from
4549:Veltroni, Walter (19 June 2020).
3573:. Editori Riuniti. p. 32 ff.
3535:. Americaoggi.info. 16 March 2008
3130:Benraad, Myriam (19 April 2023).
1448:Aldo Moro. Una verità compromessa
306:Milan police headquarters bombing
6289:. Rome, Lazio, Italy: Nuova Eri.
6049:Il mio sangue ricadrà su di loro
5455:"I troppi misteri del caso Moro"
5286:Salzano, Antonio (12 May 2019).
5023:Drake, Richard (November 1998).
4634:Martirano, Dino (20 June 1996).
4603:Martirano, Dino (20 June 1996).
4417:Harris, Judith (12 March 2018).
4390:Fini, Massimo (18 August 2023).
3161:Iovene, Franck (15 March 2018).
2891:
2666:Movement of Unitarian Communists
2609:Armed Proletarians for Communism
2586:Unified Communist Party of Italy
2232:Portella della Ginestra massacre
1920:
565:described the events as Italy's
57:
6111:. Massafra: Dellisanti editore.
6102:. Rubbettino, Soveria Mannelli.
6072:Storia di un delitto annunciato
5878:Broder, David (15 March 2018).
5480:Romoli, David (14 April 2021).
5075:Gumbel, Andrew (8 March 1998).
4845:Storia di un delitto annunciato
4830:Storia di un delitto annunciato
4774:Storia di un delitto annunciato
4495:Demarco, Marco (30 July 2017).
4308:Storia di un delitto annunciato
4082:Katz, Robert (13 August 1994).
3967:Storia di un delitto annunciato
3647:Storia di un delitto annunciato
3632:Storia di un delitto annunciato
3571:Storia di un delitto annunciato
3556:Storia di un delitto annunciato
3515:Storia di un delitto annunciato
3371:Sagerson, Andrew (9 May 2023).
3195:Canario, Massimo (9 May 2022).
2619:Communist Party of Italy (2014)
2262:Assassination of Sergio Ramelli
1545:Bologna massacre of August 1980
1188:history of the Italian Republic
1117:Communications and negotiations
1006:Storia di un delitto annunciato
6245:. Rome: Bibliotheka Edizioni.
6008:Aldo Moro. Delitto d'abbandono
5829:Barbagallo, Francesco (2008).
5767:(in Italian). 10 February 2023
5741:(in Italian). 10 February 2023
5541:(in Italian). 10 February 2023
4895:O'Keeffe, Esmé (19 May 2017).
4847:. Editori Riuniti. p. 73.
4776:. Editori Riuniti. p. 71.
4696:Haver, Flavio (20 June 1996).
3803:(in Italian). 15 February 2023
3558:. Editori Riuniti. p. 28.
2566:Italian Marxist–Leninist Party
2556:Italian Communist Party (2016)
1647:Italian Encyclopedia Institute
939:, a non-DC member, became the
872:Mario Ferrandi, a militant of
1:
6448:1978 mass shootings in Europe
6278:L'Italia degli anni di piombo
5984:L'Italia degli anni di piombo
5936:Dell'Acqua, Giuseppe (2011).
5867:– via Carrocci editore.
5318:Scopece, Maria (9 May 2017).
5221:(in Italian). 21 January 2019
4012:Virga, Francesco (May 2023).
3742:Longo, Luca (30 April 2018).
3715:Dell'Acqua, Giuseppe (2011).
3702:L'Italia degli anni di piombo
3408:The Journal of Modern History
3344:Sadurní, J. M. (8 May 2022).
3032:1992 Italian general election
3013:1979 Italian general election
1798:, where he owns a restaurant
1093:That Moro was suffering from
446:Kidnapping of James L. Dozier
6528:Terrorist incidents in Lazio
6473:Conspiracy theories in Italy
6070:Moro, Carlo Alfredo (1998).
6015:Biscione, Francesco (1993).
5970:; Giacomoni, Silvia (1978).
5819:(Vallecchi, Florence, 1979).
5267:(in Italian). 6 October 2021
5265:Corriere di Puglia e Lucania
4248:(in Italian). 23 August 2010
4218:(in Italian). Archived from
3593:(in Italian). 16 March 2008.
3325:. 25 January 1983. p. 3
3262:Broder, David (9 May 2018).
3050:Democratic Party of the Left
3042:. Following the requests of
2534:Communist Refoundation Party
2474:Proletarian internationalism
1329:. A plaque commemorates him.
848:, then-president of Italy's
63:Moro during his imprisonment
6493:March 1978 events in Europe
6144:De Lutis, Giuseppe (2008).
5972:Moro: una tragedia italiana
5817:La società dello spettacolo
5567:(in Italian). 27 March 2023
4476:(in Italian). 26 April 2021
4296:, 16 September 1998, p. 41.
3611:(in Italian). 16 March 2022
3070:Assassination of Olof Palme
2681:Party of Italian Communists
2676:Party of the Christian Left
2519:Communist Alternative Party
2227:Third De Gasperi government
1867:alongside her new partner,
882:Cassa del circolo giovanile
854:fourth Andreotti government
364:Murder of Vittorio Occorsio
322:Piazza della Loggia bombing
6549:
6167:Galloni, Giovanni (2008).
6107:Savoia, Salvatore (2006).
5240:Grassi, Gero, ed. (2015).
5195:(in Italian). 30 June 2013
5169:(in Italian). 12 July 2023
4948:Longo, Luca (5 May 2018).
4921:Longo, Luca (2 May 2018).
4450:(in Italian). 31 July 2017
4274:(in Italian). 9 March 2015
3264:"Historically Compromised"
2581:Trotskyist League of Italy
1381:
1251:kidnapping of Ciro Cirillo
1080:Carlo Alberto dalla Chiesa
587:Partito Comunista Italiano
402:Murder of Antonio Esposito
397:Killing of Fausto and Iaio
228:Murder of Antonio Annaruma
29:
6478:Deaths by person in Italy
6296:The Aldo Moro Murder Case
6287:La notte della Repubblica
6098:Satta, Vladimiro (2006).
4897:"The murder of Aldo Moro"
4057:Flamigni, Sergio (1997).
3895:La notte della Repubblica
3847:10.1017/S0003975600003726
3667:. Mondadori. p. 656.
3346:"L'omicidio di Aldo Moro"
2332:Italian road to socialism
1139:, Pope Paul VI had saved
669:occupied a fourth car, a
275:Murder of Luigi Calabresi
190:
56:
48:
6358:Caso Moro dalla A alla Z
6213:Grassi, Stefano (2008).
6125:Amara, Emmanuel (2008).
5407:(in Italian). March 2008
4084:"I giorni del complotto"
2693:Popular Democratic Front
2591:Workers' Communist Party
2222:Red Republic of Caulonia
2195:XVII Congress of the PSI
1176:Italian Republican Party
865:, representative of the
545:, or BR) in via Fani in
513:was to have undergone a
348:Murder of Mikis Mantakas
343:Murder of Sergio Ramelli
327:Italicus Express bombing
6503:Mass shootings in Italy
6483:Kidnapping in the 1970s
6294:Drake, Richard (1995).
6285:Zavoli, Sergio (1992).
6190:Galli, Giorgio (2008).
5982:; Cervi, Mario (1991).
3893:Zavoli, Sergio (1992).
3700:; Cervi, Mario (1991).
2980:Italian Social Movement
2943:Italian Communist Party
2703:Proletarian Unity Party
2644:Italian Communist Party
2200:I Congress of the PCd'I
2067:Giangiacomo Feltrinelli
1168:Italian Communist Party
1152:Italian Socialist Party
1027:
941:prime minister of Italy
925:Italian Communist Party
867:Proletarian Unity Party
583:Italian Communist Party
83:16 March 1978
6241:Ratto, Pietro (2017).
4817:. Cooper. p. 183.
4747:Rifondazione Cinecittà
4367:"Reazione dello Stato"
4109:. Cooper. p. 138.
3058:Italian People's Party
2945:
2656:The Left – The Rainbow
1893:Political consequences
1509:Senate of the Republic
1470:Piazza Fontana bombing
1330:
1288:
1227:
1133:Piazza Fontana bombing
1128:
1114:
1040:
900:
837:
804:
623:
589:, or PCI, the largest
506:
387:Acca Larentia killings
233:Piazza Fontana bombing
202:Battle of Valle Giulia
6533:Years of Lead (Italy)
6453:1978 murders in Italy
6333:via Fracchia massacre
6267:Katz, Robert (1980).
6169:30 anni con Aldo Moro
5354:Machina-DeriveApprodi
4843:Moro, Alfredo Carlo.
4828:Moro, Alfredo Carlo.
4772:Moro, Alfredo Carlo.
4306:Moro, Alfredo Carlo.
4212:"L'assassino di Moro"
4018:Dialoghi Mediterranei
3801:Rivoluzione Anarchica
3645:Moro, Alfredo Carlo.
3630:Moro, Alfredo Carlo.
3569:Moro, Alfredo Carlo.
3554:Moro, Alfredo Carlo.
3513:Moro, Alfredo Carlo.
3492:other reconstructions
2992:Proletarian Democracy
2984:Italian Liberal Party
2937:
2698:Proletarian Democracy
2603:Defunct organisations
2571:Network of Communists
2503:Current organisations
1617:U.S. State Department
1575:Italian police forces
1455:Ferdinando Imposimato
1417:On 7 April 1979, the
1324:
1283:
1276:Discovery of the body
1035:
895:
835:
802:
618:Official portrait of
617:
425:Murder of Mario Amato
182:Years of Lead (Italy)
6488:Kidnappings in Italy
6146:Il golpe di Via Fani
5911:La Civiltà Cattolica
5141:Porto Seguro Editore
4210:Unia, Marco (2006).
3912:. 20 September 1984.
3589:"I giorni di Moro".
3463:"Moro – I 55 giorni"
2966:Francesco Barbagallo
2898:Communism portal
2836:Democratic socialism
2242:Manifesto of the 101
1987:Giuseppe Di Vittorio
1822:; life imprisonment
1781:Fled to Switzerland
1651:Giulia Conte Micheli
1643:Vincenzo Cappelletti
1514:Banda della Magliana
1478:Via D'Amelio bombing
1363:Prefecture of Police
1205:discovered in 1990.
1160:linea della fermezza
1053:Paolo Emilio Taviani
953:Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
826:Eleonora Chiavarelli
531:Democrazia Cristiana
6498:Mass murder in 1978
6468:Communist terrorism
6217:. Milan: Mondadori.
5679:Corriere della Sera
5624:on 11 February 2004
4864:Corriere della Sera
4743:"Il grande vecchio"
4729:Corriere della Sera
4708:on 21 November 2015
4702:Corriere della Sera
4677:on 21 November 2015
4671:Corriere della Sera
4646:on 21 November 2015
4640:Corriere della Sera
4615:on 21 November 2015
4609:Corriere della Sera
4555:Corriere della Sera
4501:Corriere della Sera
4396:Il Fatto Quotidiano
4372:Corriere della Sera
4335:"Faccia a faccia".
4333:Montanelli, Indro.
4322:Corriere della Sera
4294:Corriere della Sera
4242:"Strage di Bologna"
4185:Cronologia italiana
4149:Corriere della Sera
4126:La Voce di New York
3775:Corriere della Sera
3467:Cronologia italiana
3085:Terrorism in Europe
2950:Historic Compromise
2831:Christian socialism
2768:Quaderni piacentini
2509:Anticapitalist Left
2317:Christian communism
2302:Anarchist communism
2284:Historic Compromise
2272:Mitterrand doctrine
2042:Pier Paolo Pasolini
2007:Galvano Della Volpe
1717:Semi-freed in 1997
1605:comitato di esperti
1505:Chamber of Deputies
1391:conspiracy theories
1344:Historic Compromise
1270:Gerardo Chiaromonte
1211:Corriere della Sera
1164:Christian Democracy
1148:linea del negoziato
1028:Aldo Moro's letters
976:Historic Compromise
921:Christian Democracy
850:Chamber of Deputies
599:conspiracy theories
595:Historic Compromise
535:far-left terrorists
527:Christian Democracy
18:Murder of Aldo Moro
6320:1978. Il caso Moro
6083:. Turin: Einaudi.
5992:Sciascia, Leonardo
5797:on 22 January 2009
5706:The New York Times
5107:The New York Times
4040:Sciascia, Leonardo
3969:. Editori Riuniti.
3704:. Rizzoli Editore.
3497:8 May 2006 at the
3323:The New York Times
2962:president of Italy
2946:
2873:Socialism in Italy
2856:Italian neorealism
2811:Anarchism in Italy
2546:Communist Struggle
2469:Passive revolution
2464:Organic centralism
2217:Italian Resistance
2212:Aventine Secession
2207:Proština rebellion
2152:Oliviero Diliberto
2062:Giorgio Napolitano
1952:Costantino Lazzari
1841:Prospero Gallinari
1609:Italian Parliament
1584:Guardia di Finanza
1439:Alessandra Stanley
1433:The New York Times
1331:
1289:
1095:Stockholm syndrome
1065:Benigno Zaccagnini
1041:
937:Giovanni Spadolini
901:
838:
805:
779:Prospero Gallinari
624:
519:Italian Parliament
478:Terrorism in Italy
6252:978-88-6934-234-9
6233:978-88-6190-025-7
6226:. Chiarelettere.
6136:978-88-7394-105-7
5980:Montanelli, Indro
5942:Storia in Network
5386:978-88-7394-107-1
5029:The New Criterion
4813:Amara, Emmanuel.
4338:Il Giornale Nuovo
4246:Memoria Condivisa
4216:Storia in Network
4164:Il Giornale Nuovo
4105:Amara, Emmanuel.
4061:. Kaos edizioni.
3721:Storia in Network
3698:Montanelli, Indro
3521:. pp. 28 ff.
3294:Saturdays In Rome
3054:Mino Martinazzoli
2939:Enrico Berlinguer
2932:
2931:
2861:Politics of Italy
2614:Autonomia Operaia
2442:Cultural hegemony
2322:Council communism
2127:Ernesto Screpanti
2102:Fausto Bertinotti
2047:Enrico Berlinguer
1992:Palmiro Togliatti
1982:Bruno Fortichiari
1852:
1851:
1787:Alessio Casimirri
1748:Barbara Balzerani
1645:(director of the
1632:Stefano Silvestri
1619:), criminologist
1560:Francesco Cossiga
1555:Crisis committees
1534:Paolo Persichetti
1488:, was published.
1311:Carmine Pecorelli
1255:Claudio Signorile
1174:, as well as the
1172:Enrico Berlinguer
1069:Francesco Cossiga
1060:Leonardo Sciascia
1037:Francesco Cossiga
859:Enrico Berlinguer
656:Barbara Balzerani
652:Alessio Casimirri
490:
489:
486:
485:
147:
146:
133:and 5 bodyguards)
16:(Redirected from
6540:
6429:
6420:
6411:
6402:
6393:
6384:
6375:
6366:
6354:
6345:
6342:at Archivio 900
6341:
6331:– report of the
6325:
6309:
6290:
6281:
6272:
6256:
6237:
6218:
6209:
6203:
6195:
6186:
6180:
6172:
6163:
6157:
6149:
6140:
6129:. Rome: Cooper.
6121:
6112:
6103:
6094:
6075:
6066:
6060:
6052:
6043:
6034:
6028:
6020:
6011:
5999:
5987:
5975:
5954:
5953:
5951:
5949:
5933:
5927:
5926:
5924:
5922:
5902:
5896:
5895:
5893:
5891:
5875:
5869:
5868:
5866:
5864:
5835:
5826:
5820:
5813:
5807:
5806:
5804:
5802:
5783:
5777:
5776:
5774:
5772:
5757:
5751:
5750:
5748:
5746:
5731:
5725:
5724:
5722:
5720:
5697:
5691:
5690:
5688:
5686:
5670:
5664:
5663:
5661:
5659:
5640:
5634:
5633:
5631:
5629:
5610:
5604:
5603:
5601:
5599:
5583:
5577:
5576:
5574:
5572:
5557:
5551:
5550:
5548:
5546:
5531:
5525:
5524:
5522:
5520:
5504:
5498:
5497:
5495:
5493:
5477:
5471:
5470:
5468:
5466:
5450:
5444:
5443:
5441:
5439:
5423:
5417:
5416:
5414:
5412:
5397:
5391:
5390:
5379:. Rome: Cooper.
5372:
5366:
5365:
5363:
5361:
5345:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5331:
5315:
5304:
5303:
5301:
5299:
5292:Mar dei Sargassi
5283:
5277:
5276:
5274:
5272:
5257:
5251:
5250:
5248:
5237:
5231:
5230:
5228:
5226:
5211:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5200:
5185:
5179:
5178:
5176:
5174:
5159:
5153:
5152:
5150:
5148:
5132:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5121:
5098:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5087:
5072:
5066:
5065:
5063:
5061:
5055:Oxford Reference
5047:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5036:
5020:
5005:
5004:
4972:
4966:
4965:
4963:
4961:
4945:
4939:
4938:
4936:
4934:
4918:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4907:
4892:
4886:
4885:
4874:
4868:
4867:
4855:
4849:
4848:
4840:
4834:
4833:
4825:
4819:
4818:
4810:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4799:
4784:
4778:
4777:
4769:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4758:
4753:on 20 March 2007
4739:
4733:
4724:
4718:
4717:
4715:
4713:
4693:
4687:
4686:
4684:
4682:
4662:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4651:
4631:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4620:
4600:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4589:
4573:
4567:
4566:
4564:
4562:
4546:
4540:
4539:
4537:
4535:
4519:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4508:
4492:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4481:
4466:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4455:
4440:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4429:
4414:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4403:
4387:
4381:
4380:
4362:
4356:
4349:
4343:
4342:
4341:. 17 March 1978.
4331:
4325:
4318:
4312:
4311:
4303:
4297:
4290:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4279:
4264:
4258:
4257:
4255:
4253:
4238:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4227:
4207:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4196:
4177:
4168:
4159:
4153:
4144:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4133:
4117:
4111:
4110:
4102:
4096:
4095:
4090:. Archived from
4079:
4073:
4072:
4054:
4048:
4047:
4036:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4009:
4003:
3993:
3987:
3986:, 16 March 2018.
3977:
3971:
3970:
3962:
3956:
3950:
3944:
3943:
3935:
3929:
3928:
3920:
3914:
3913:
3905:
3899:
3898:
3890:
3875:
3874:
3830:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3808:
3793:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3766:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3739:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3728:
3712:
3706:
3705:
3694:
3669:
3668:
3657:
3651:
3650:
3642:
3636:
3635:
3627:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3616:
3609:Polizia di Stato
3601:
3595:
3594:
3586:
3575:
3574:
3566:
3560:
3559:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3529:
3523:
3522:
3510:
3501:
3489:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3459:
3448:
3447:
3403:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3341:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3315:
3309:
3308:
3302:
3300:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3259:
3236:
3235:
3223:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3192:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3158:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3136:The Conversation
3127:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3101:
3020:Eugenio Scalfari
2974:
2941:, leader of the
2924:
2917:
2910:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2867:Prison Notebooks
2851:History of Italy
2846:Fischia il vento
2671:October 22 Group
2427:Anti-imperialism
2417:Anti-clericalism
2374:Neo-Gramscianism
2364:Marxist humanism
2347:Marxism–Leninism
2279:Movement of 1977
2122:Margherita Cagol
2112:Domenico Losurdo
2097:Achille Occhetto
2087:Giovanni Scuderi
2072:Armando Cossutta
2032:Raniero Panzieri
2022:Alessandro Natta
2017:Altiero Spinelli
1947:Errico Malatesta
1924:
1897:
1888:
1877:
1869:Maurizio Falessi
1812:
1711:
1688:
1679:
1659:
1640:
1629:
1621:Franco Ferracuti
1572:
1542:
1531:
1501:Democratic Party
1498:
1467:
1360:
1352:Francesco Tritto
1267:
1239:
1203:Operation Gladio
1200:
1104:Indro Montanelli
1018:artificial beach
962:groups, such as
933:Giulio Andreotti
897:Giulio Andreotti
810:Polizia di Stato
794:Red Army Faction
791:
776:
753:
739:
731:Raffaele Iozzino
728:
717:
702:
687:
668:
610:Via Fani assault
529:party (Italian:
511:Giulio Andreotti
462:Salerno shooting
430:Bologna massacre
410:
372:
280:Peteano massacre
192:
185:
183:
173:
166:
159:
150:
98:
96:
90:
88:
61:
41:
21:
6548:
6547:
6543:
6542:
6541:
6539:
6538:
6537:
6433:
6432:
6427:
6424:Vuoto a Perdere
6418:
6409:
6400:
6391:
6382:
6373:
6364:
6352:
6343:
6335:
6323:
6316:
6306:
6293:
6284:
6275:
6266:
6263:
6261:Further reading
6253:
6240:
6234:
6221:
6212:
6196:
6189:
6173:
6166:
6150:
6143:
6137:
6124:
6118:Mosaico di Pace
6115:
6106:
6097:
6091:
6078:
6069:
6053:
6046:
6040:Il Delitto Moro
6037:
6021:
6014:
6002:
5990:
5978:
5966:
5963:
5958:
5957:
5947:
5945:
5935:
5934:
5930:
5920:
5918:
5917:(4042): 325–337
5904:
5903:
5899:
5889:
5887:
5877:
5876:
5872:
5862:
5860:
5833:
5828:
5827:
5823:
5814:
5810:
5800:
5798:
5791:, 6 April 2008"
5785:
5784:
5780:
5770:
5768:
5759:
5758:
5754:
5744:
5742:
5733:
5732:
5728:
5718:
5716:
5699:
5698:
5694:
5684:
5682:
5672:
5671:
5667:
5657:
5655:
5642:
5641:
5637:
5627:
5625:
5612:
5611:
5607:
5597:
5595:
5585:
5584:
5580:
5570:
5568:
5559:
5558:
5554:
5544:
5542:
5533:
5532:
5528:
5518:
5516:
5506:
5505:
5501:
5491:
5489:
5479:
5478:
5474:
5464:
5462:
5452:
5451:
5447:
5437:
5435:
5425:
5424:
5420:
5410:
5408:
5399:
5398:
5394:
5387:
5374:
5373:
5369:
5359:
5357:
5347:
5346:
5339:
5329:
5327:
5317:
5316:
5307:
5297:
5295:
5285:
5284:
5280:
5270:
5268:
5259:
5258:
5254:
5246:
5239:
5238:
5234:
5224:
5222:
5219:HuffPost Italia
5213:
5212:
5208:
5198:
5196:
5193:HuffPost Italia
5187:
5186:
5182:
5172:
5170:
5161:
5160:
5156:
5146:
5144:
5134:
5133:
5129:
5119:
5117:
5100:
5099:
5095:
5085:
5083:
5081:The Independent
5074:
5073:
5069:
5059:
5057:
5051:"Antonio Negri"
5049:
5048:
5044:
5034:
5032:
5022:
5021:
5008:
4993:10.1473/stor353
4974:
4973:
4969:
4959:
4957:
4947:
4946:
4942:
4932:
4930:
4920:
4919:
4915:
4905:
4903:
4894:
4893:
4889:
4876:
4875:
4871:
4857:
4856:
4852:
4842:
4841:
4837:
4827:
4826:
4822:
4812:
4811:
4807:
4797:
4795:
4794:. 27 April 2017
4786:
4785:
4781:
4771:
4770:
4766:
4756:
4754:
4741:
4740:
4736:
4725:
4721:
4711:
4709:
4695:
4694:
4690:
4680:
4678:
4664:
4663:
4659:
4649:
4647:
4633:
4632:
4628:
4618:
4616:
4602:
4601:
4597:
4587:
4585:
4575:
4574:
4570:
4560:
4558:
4548:
4547:
4543:
4533:
4531:
4521:
4520:
4516:
4506:
4504:
4494:
4493:
4489:
4479:
4477:
4468:
4467:
4463:
4453:
4451:
4442:
4441:
4437:
4427:
4425:
4416:
4415:
4411:
4401:
4399:
4389:
4388:
4384:
4364:
4363:
4359:
4350:
4346:
4334:
4332:
4328:
4319:
4315:
4305:
4304:
4300:
4291:
4287:
4277:
4275:
4266:
4265:
4261:
4251:
4249:
4240:
4239:
4235:
4225:
4223:
4222:on 26 July 2011
4209:
4208:
4204:
4194:
4192:
4191:on 8 March 2012
4179:
4178:
4171:
4160:
4156:
4145:
4141:
4131:
4129:
4119:
4118:
4114:
4104:
4103:
4099:
4094:on 6 July 2005.
4081:
4080:
4076:
4069:
4056:
4055:
4051:
4038:
4037:
4033:
4023:
4021:
4011:
4010:
4006:
3994:
3990:
3978:
3974:
3964:
3963:
3959:
3951:
3947:
3937:
3936:
3932:
3922:
3921:
3917:
3907:
3906:
3902:
3892:
3891:
3878:
3832:
3831:
3816:
3806:
3804:
3795:
3794:
3790:
3780:
3778:
3768:
3767:
3763:
3753:
3751:
3741:
3740:
3736:
3726:
3724:
3714:
3713:
3709:
3696:
3695:
3672:
3659:
3658:
3654:
3644:
3643:
3639:
3629:
3628:
3624:
3614:
3612:
3603:
3602:
3598:
3588:
3587:
3578:
3568:
3567:
3563:
3553:
3552:
3548:
3538:
3536:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3519:Editori Riuniti
3512:
3511:
3504:
3499:Wayback Machine
3490:
3486:
3476:
3474:
3473:on 12 July 2011
3461:
3460:
3451:
3405:
3404:
3391:
3381:
3379:
3370:
3369:
3365:
3355:
3353:
3343:
3342:
3338:
3328:
3326:
3317:
3316:
3312:
3298:
3296:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3272:
3270:
3261:
3260:
3239:
3234:]. Einaudi.
3225:
3224:
3215:
3205:
3203:
3194:
3193:
3186:
3176:
3174:
3160:
3159:
3150:
3140:
3138:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3114:
3112:
3111:. 17 April 2021
3103:
3102:
3098:
3093:
3066:
3028:Arnaldo Forlani
3024:Ciriaco De Mita
2968:
2928:
2892:
2890:
2885:
2884:
2841:Fasci Siciliani
2806:
2798:
2797:
2733:
2725:
2724:
2604:
2596:
2595:
2529:Communist Party
2524:Communist Front
2504:
2496:
2495:
2447:Counterhegemony
2412:
2404:
2403:
2394:Western Marxism
2297:
2289:
2288:
2257:Primavalle fire
2237:May 1947 crises
2185:Fasci Siciliani
2180:
2172:
2171:
2167:Alberto Toscano
2147:Cesare Battisti
2117:Silvia Federici
1977:Antonio Gramsci
1967:Nicola Bombacci
1932:
1895:
1882:
1871:
1828:Adriana Faranda
1806:
1774:Alvaro Lojacono
1735:Valerio Morucci
1705:
1694:Date of capture
1686:
1673:
1653:
1634:
1623:
1613:Steve Pieczenik
1566:
1564:Nicola Lettieri
1557:
1536:
1525:
1492:
1461:
1459:Nicola Lettieri
1399:Henry Kissinger
1386:
1380:
1354:
1340:Škorpion vz. 61
1315:Igor Markevitch
1296:Adriana Faranda
1278:
1261:
1233:
1194:
1192:Giovanni D'Urso
1137:Antonio Mennini
1119:
1030:
994:
979:resulted in an
951:(in 1992), and
890:
785:
783:Franco Bonisoli
770:
764:Valerio Morucci
760:machine pistols
747:
733:
722:
711:
709:Francesco Zizzi
696:
694:Oreste Leonardi
681:
662:
648:Alvaro Lojacono
612:
607:
591:Communist party
515:confidence vote
491:
482:
466:
450:
434:
413:
404:
375:
366:
352:
331:
310:
301:Primavalle fire
289:
263:
242:
211:
186:
181:
179:
177:
121:
105:
94:
92:
86:
84:
64:
37:
33:The Moro Affair
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6546:
6544:
6536:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6508:Murder in Rome
6505:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6435:
6434:
6431:
6430:
6421:
6412:
6403:
6394:
6385:
6376:
6367:
6355:
6346:
6326:
6315:
6314:External links
6312:
6311:
6310:
6304:
6291:
6282:
6273:
6262:
6259:
6258:
6257:
6251:
6238:
6232:
6219:
6210:
6187:
6164:
6141:
6135:
6122:
6113:
6104:
6095:
6089:
6076:
6067:
6044:
6035:
6012:
6000:
5996:L'affaire Moro
5988:
5976:
5968:Bocca, Giorgio
5962:
5959:
5956:
5955:
5928:
5913:(in Italian).
5897:
5884:Internazionale
5870:
5844:(1): 261–267.
5821:
5808:
5778:
5752:
5726:
5692:
5665:
5654:on 13 May 2021
5635:
5605:
5578:
5552:
5526:
5499:
5472:
5445:
5418:
5405:Il Sole 24 Ore
5392:
5385:
5367:
5337:
5305:
5278:
5252:
5232:
5206:
5180:
5167:Radio Radicale
5154:
5127:
5093:
5067:
5042:
5006:
4983:(in Italian).
4967:
4940:
4913:
4901:Varsity Online
4887:
4869:
4850:
4835:
4820:
4805:
4779:
4764:
4734:
4719:
4688:
4657:
4626:
4595:
4568:
4541:
4528:Il Sole 24 Ore
4514:
4487:
4461:
4435:
4409:
4382:
4375:(in Italian).
4357:
4344:
4326:
4313:
4298:
4285:
4259:
4233:
4202:
4169:
4154:
4139:
4112:
4097:
4074:
4067:
4049:
4044:L'affaire Moro
4031:
4004:
4000:Critica Social
3988:
3972:
3957:
3945:
3942:. 1 June 1988.
3930:
3927:. 18 May 1988.
3915:
3900:
3876:
3841:(2): 265–295.
3814:
3788:
3761:
3734:
3707:
3670:
3652:
3637:
3622:
3596:
3576:
3561:
3546:
3524:
3502:
3484:
3449:
3436:10.1086/321029
3420:10.1086/321029
3414:(2): 359–378.
3389:
3377:Wanted in Rome
3363:
3336:
3310:
3280:
3237:
3213:
3184:
3148:
3122:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3087:
3082:
3080:October Crisis
3077:
3072:
3065:
3062:
3040:Northern Italy
3004:Sandro Pertini
3000:Giovanni Leone
2956:conference in
2930:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2919:
2912:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2887:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2870:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2826:Christian left
2823:
2818:
2816:Bandiera Rossa
2813:
2807:
2805:Related topics
2804:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2773:Quaderni Rossi
2770:
2765:
2760:
2758:Il Politecnico
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2720:Workers' Power
2717:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2689:
2688:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2661:Lotta Continua
2658:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2576:People's Union
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2551:Countercurrent
2548:
2543:
2542:
2541:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2454:Euroscepticism
2451:
2450:
2449:
2439:
2437:Class conflict
2434:
2432:Antimilitarism
2429:
2424:
2419:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2354:
2344:
2339:
2337:Left communism
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2192:
2187:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2142:Marco Ferrando
2139:
2134:
2132:Franco Berardi
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2092:Gianni Vattimo
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2057:Lucio Colletti
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1997:Ruggero Grieco
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1972:Amadeo Bordiga
1969:
1964:
1962:Egidio Gennari
1959:
1957:Luigi Galleani
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1937:Emilio Covelli
1933:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1917:
1916:
1906:
1905:
1894:
1891:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1816:
1813:
1804:Rita Algranati
1800:
1799:
1792:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1703:Corrado Alunni
1699:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1685:
1682:
1556:
1553:
1549:anti-stragista
1523:Marco Clementi
1482:Sicilian Mafia
1472:(by far-right
1382:Main article:
1379:
1376:
1277:
1274:
1118:
1115:
1100:L'affaire Moro
1084:Sicilian Mafia
1029:
1026:
1012:and grains of
993:
990:
981:anti-communist
972:political left
968:Potere Operaio
964:Lotta Continua
949:Giuliano Amato
889:
886:
768:Raffaele Fiore
745:Rita Algranati
692:, the marshal
679:Domenico Ricci
660:Bruno Seghetti
622:from the 1960s
611:
608:
606:
603:
488:
487:
484:
483:
481:
480:
474:
472:
468:
467:
465:
464:
458:
456:
452:
451:
449:
448:
442:
440:
436:
435:
433:
432:
427:
421:
419:
415:
414:
412:
411:
399:
394:
389:
383:
381:
377:
376:
374:
373:
360:
358:
354:
353:
351:
350:
345:
339:
337:
333:
332:
330:
329:
324:
318:
316:
312:
311:
309:
308:
303:
297:
295:
291:
290:
288:
287:
282:
277:
271:
269:
265:
264:
262:
261:
259:Golpe Borghese
256:
250:
248:
244:
243:
241:
240:
235:
230:
225:
219:
217:
213:
212:
210:
209:
204:
198:
196:
188:
187:
178:
176:
175:
168:
161:
153:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
127:
123:
122:
120:
119:
114:
108:
106:
103:
100:
99:
81:
77:
76:
70:
66:
65:
62:
54:
53:
46:
45:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6545:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6443:1970s in Rome
6441:
6440:
6438:
6425:
6422:
6416:
6413:
6407:
6404:
6398:
6395:
6389:
6386:
6380:
6377:
6371:
6368:
6363:
6359:
6356:
6350:
6347:
6339:
6334:
6330:
6327:
6321:
6318:
6317:
6313:
6307:
6305:0-674-01481-2
6301:
6297:
6292:
6288:
6283:
6279:
6274:
6270:
6265:
6264:
6260:
6254:
6248:
6244:
6239:
6235:
6229:
6225:
6220:
6216:
6211:
6207:
6201:
6193:
6188:
6184:
6178:
6170:
6165:
6161:
6155:
6147:
6142:
6138:
6132:
6128:
6123:
6120:. No. 6.
6119:
6114:
6110:
6105:
6101:
6096:
6092:
6090:88-06-16087-7
6086:
6082:
6077:
6073:
6068:
6064:
6058:
6050:
6045:
6041:
6036:
6032:
6026:
6018:
6013:
6009:
6005:
6001:
5997:
5993:
5989:
5985:
5981:
5977:
5973:
5969:
5965:
5964:
5960:
5943:
5939:
5932:
5929:
5916:
5912:
5908:
5901:
5898:
5885:
5881:
5874:
5871:
5859:
5855:
5851:
5847:
5843:
5839:
5838:Studi Storici
5832:
5825:
5822:
5818:
5812:
5809:
5796:
5792:
5790:
5782:
5779:
5766:
5762:
5756:
5753:
5740:
5739:la Repubblica
5736:
5730:
5727:
5715:
5711:
5707:
5703:
5696:
5693:
5680:
5676:
5669:
5666:
5653:
5649:
5648:La Repubblica
5645:
5639:
5636:
5623:
5619:
5618:La Repubblica
5615:
5609:
5606:
5593:
5592:La Repubblica
5589:
5582:
5579:
5566:
5562:
5556:
5553:
5540:
5536:
5530:
5527:
5514:
5510:
5503:
5500:
5487:
5486:Il Riformista
5483:
5476:
5473:
5460:
5456:
5449:
5446:
5433:
5429:
5422:
5419:
5406:
5402:
5396:
5393:
5388:
5382:
5378:
5371:
5368:
5355:
5351:
5344:
5342:
5338:
5325:
5321:
5314:
5312:
5310:
5306:
5293:
5289:
5282:
5279:
5266:
5262:
5256:
5253:
5245:
5244:
5236:
5233:
5220:
5216:
5210:
5207:
5194:
5190:
5184:
5181:
5168:
5164:
5158:
5155:
5142:
5138:
5131:
5128:
5116:
5112:
5108:
5104:
5097:
5094:
5082:
5078:
5071:
5068:
5056:
5052:
5046:
5043:
5030:
5026:
5019:
5017:
5015:
5013:
5011:
5007:
5002:
4998:
4994:
4990:
4986:
4982:
4978:
4971:
4968:
4955:
4951:
4944:
4941:
4928:
4924:
4917:
4914:
4902:
4898:
4891:
4888:
4883:
4882:La Repubblica
4879:
4878:Mafai, Miriam
4873:
4870:
4866:(in Italian).
4865:
4861:
4854:
4851:
4846:
4839:
4836:
4831:
4824:
4821:
4816:
4809:
4806:
4793:
4789:
4783:
4780:
4775:
4768:
4765:
4752:
4748:
4744:
4738:
4735:
4731:
4730:
4723:
4720:
4707:
4703:
4699:
4692:
4689:
4676:
4672:
4668:
4661:
4658:
4645:
4641:
4637:
4630:
4627:
4614:
4610:
4606:
4599:
4596:
4583:
4582:Il Riformista
4579:
4572:
4569:
4556:
4552:
4545:
4542:
4529:
4525:
4518:
4515:
4502:
4498:
4491:
4488:
4475:
4474:La Repubblica
4471:
4465:
4462:
4449:
4445:
4439:
4436:
4424:
4420:
4413:
4410:
4397:
4393:
4386:
4383:
4379:
4374:
4373:
4368:
4361:
4358:
4354:
4348:
4345:
4340:
4339:
4330:
4327:
4323:
4317:
4314:
4309:
4302:
4299:
4295:
4289:
4286:
4273:
4272:la Repubblica
4269:
4263:
4260:
4247:
4243:
4237:
4234:
4221:
4217:
4213:
4206:
4203:
4190:
4186:
4182:
4176:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4165:
4158:
4155:
4151:
4150:
4143:
4140:
4127:
4123:
4116:
4113:
4108:
4101:
4098:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4078:
4075:
4070:
4068:88-7953-058-5
4064:
4060:
4053:
4050:
4045:
4041:
4035:
4032:
4019:
4015:
4008:
4005:
4002:Vol. 1, 2008.
4001:
3997:
3992:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3976:
3973:
3968:
3961:
3958:
3954:
3949:
3946:
3941:
3940:La Repubblica
3934:
3931:
3926:
3925:La Repubblica
3919:
3916:
3911:
3910:La Repubblica
3904:
3901:
3896:
3889:
3887:
3885:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3823:
3821:
3819:
3815:
3802:
3798:
3792:
3789:
3776:
3772:
3765:
3762:
3749:
3745:
3738:
3735:
3722:
3718:
3711:
3708:
3703:
3699:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3671:
3666:
3662:
3656:
3653:
3648:
3641:
3638:
3633:
3626:
3623:
3610:
3606:
3600:
3597:
3592:
3591:La Repubblica
3585:
3583:
3581:
3577:
3572:
3565:
3562:
3557:
3550:
3547:
3534:
3528:
3525:
3520:
3516:
3509:
3507:
3503:
3500:
3496:
3493:
3488:
3485:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3378:
3374:
3367:
3364:
3351:
3347:
3340:
3337:
3324:
3320:
3314:
3311:
3307:
3295:
3291:
3284:
3281:
3269:
3265:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3233:
3229:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3214:
3202:
3198:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3149:
3137:
3133:
3126:
3123:
3110:
3106:
3100:
3097:
3090:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3038:'s growth in
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3016:
3014:
3010:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2988:Radical Party
2985:
2981:
2976:
2972:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2925:
2920:
2918:
2913:
2911:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2899:
2889:
2888:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2714:Volante Rossa
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2634:Critical Left
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2327:Eurocommunism
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2247:Years of Lead
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2190:Biennio Rosso
2188:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2162:Paolo Ferrero
2160:
2158:
2157:Nichi Vendola
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2107:Renato Curcio
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2082:Antonio Negri
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2002:Onorato Damen
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1942:Carlo Cafiero
1940:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1880:smart working
1875:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1761:Mario Moretti
1759:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1672:
1671:Giorgio Galli
1667:
1661:
1657:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1638:
1633:
1627:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1576:
1570:
1565:
1561:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1540:
1535:
1529:
1524:
1518:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1465:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1444:Marco Baliani
1440:
1435:
1434:
1427:
1424:
1423:Antonio Negri
1420:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1385:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1358:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1328:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1287:
1282:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1265:
1260:
1259:Luciano Barca
1256:
1252:
1246:
1243:
1237:
1232:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1206:
1204:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1183:
1181:
1178:(PRI) leader
1177:
1173:
1169:
1166:(DC) and the
1165:
1161:
1157:
1156:Bettino Craxi
1153:
1149:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1127:
1122:
1116:
1113:
1108:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1056:
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945:Bettino Craxi
942:
938:
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929:Sergio Zavoli
926:
923:(DC) and the
922:
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868:
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843:
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641:
640:Mario Moretti
637:
636:friendly fire
633:
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543:Brigate Rosse
540:
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536:
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6388:Il caso Moro
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5326:(in Italian)
5324:Formiche.net
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3750:(in Italian)
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3108:
3099:
3043:
3017:
3009:Ugo La Malfa
2996:non sfiducia
2995:
2977:
2947:
2865:
2743:il manifesto
2712:
2708:Red Brigades
2488:
2422:Anti-fascism
2384:Post-Marxism
2266:
2077:Mario Tronti
2052:Livio Maitan
2037:Luciano Lama
1863:and then to
1853:
1818:Captured in
1662:
1604:
1582:
1578:
1558:
1548:
1519:
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1474:Ordine Nuovo
1452:
1447:
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1428:
1421:philosopher
1416:
1387:
1372:
1332:
1327:Sant' Angelo
1300:
1294:
1290:
1247:
1231:Massimo Fini
1228:
1219:
1217:
1214:, he wrote:
1209:
1207:
1184:
1180:Ugo La Malfa
1159:
1147:
1145:
1129:
1124:
1120:
1110:
1099:
1092:
1088:brainwashing
1075:
1073:
1057:
1045:Pope Paul VI
1042:
1014:igneous rock
1010:microfossils
1005:
1003:
995:
992:Imprisonment
957:
918:
902:
881:
877:
871:
844:. At 10:00,
839:
823:
808:
806:
742:
689:
629:
625:
586:
575:
560:
550:
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539:Red Brigades
530:
498:
494:
492:
391:
142:Red Brigades
138:Perpetrators
49:Part of the
38:
32:
6362:Il Cassetto
6336: [
5921:6 September
5863:6 September
5789:L'Occidente
5771:6 September
5745:6 September
5719:6 September
5685:6 September
5658:9 September
5628:9 September
5598:8 September
5571:8 September
5565:BeeMagazine
5545:6 September
5519:6 September
5492:6 September
5465:6 September
5438:6 September
5411:7 September
5360:4 September
5330:4 September
5298:4 September
5271:4 September
5225:4 September
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5173:4 September
5147:4 September
5120:4 September
5086:6 September
5035:4 September
4960:6 September
4933:6 September
4906:6 September
4792:YouTube.com
4252:9 September
4226:9 September
4132:8 September
3807:6 September
3781:6 September
3661:Biagi, Enzo
3615:6 September
3356:9 September
3045:Mani pulite
2969: [
2958:Puerto Rico
2753:Il Pioniere
2738:Liberazione
2379:Neo-Marxism
2369:Migliorismo
2137:Paolo Virno
2027:Nilde Iotti
2012:Luigi Longo
1883: [
1872: [
1807: [
1723:Marina Zoni
1706: [
1674: [
1666:Prima Linea
1654: [
1635: [
1624: [
1579:Carabinieri
1567: [
1537: [
1526: [
1493: [
1490:Gero Grassi
1462: [
1355: [
1336:Walther PPK
1262: [
1234: [
1195: [
1162:), most of
1076:Carabinieri
947:(in 1983),
914:Sit-Siemens
888:Motivations
874:Prima Linea
863:Lucio Magri
819:Beretta M12
786: [
771: [
748: [
734: [
723: [
712: [
697: [
690:Carabiniere
682: [
663: [
552:Carabinieri
405: [
367: [
104:Attack type
6437:Categories
6397:I processi
6042:. Rizzoli.
5998:. Adelphi.
5948:20 October
4448:Il Mattino
4428:20 October
4423:iItaly.org
4046:. Adelphi.
3727:20 October
3091:References
2821:Bella ciao
2639:Front Line
2514:CARC Party
2490:Subalterns
2484:Solidarity
2479:Secularism
2411:Principles
2389:Trotskyism
2307:Autonomism
2296:Ideologies
2252:Hot Autumn
1476:) and the
1405:, and the
1242:Ezio Mauro
985:autonomist
906:Alfa Romeo
876:nicknamed
857:secretary
756:Mini Minor
688:. Another
677:driven by
605:Kidnapping
585:(Italian:
557:Ezio Mauro
541:(Italian:
223:Hot Autumn
112:Kidnapping
95:1978-05-09
87:1978-03-16
6463:Aldo Moro
6200:cite book
6177:cite book
6154:cite book
6057:cite book
6025:cite book
6004:Bo, Carlo
5890:31 August
5850:0039-3037
5765:Il Giorno
5714:0362-4331
5513:La Stampa
5115:0362-4331
5001:2282-6033
4954:Linkiesta
4927:Linkiesta
4712:11 August
4681:11 August
4650:11 August
4619:11 August
4588:31 August
4561:31 August
4534:31 August
4507:31 August
4480:31 August
4454:31 August
4402:31 August
4024:31 August
3871:145234617
3855:0003-9756
3444:144245156
3428:0022-2801
3382:11 August
3167:The Local
3036:Lega Nord
2793:Vie Nuove
2778:Rinascita
2748:Pattuglia
2399:Workerism
2357:Stalinism
2312:Bordigism
2267:Moro case
1910:Communism
1796:Nicaragua
1453:In 2013,
1419:operaismo
1307:Renault 4
1305:of a red
1286:Renault 4
620:Aldo Moro
578:Renault 4
523:Aldo Moro
507:caso Moro
499:Moro case
131:Aldo Moro
6194:. Milan.
6051:. Milan.
6006:(1988).
5994:(1994).
5858:20568065
5060:20 March
4798:8 August
4757:9 August
4324:, p. 41.
4278:6 August
4152:, p. 41.
4088:Panorama
4042:(1994).
3863:23999304
3754:7 August
3663:(2004).
3495:Archived
3329:7 August
3299:7 August
3273:6 August
3206:7 August
3177:7 August
3171:Archived
3141:7 August
3115:7 August
3064:See also
2763:La Plebe
2459:Feminism
2342:Leninism
1902:a series
1900:Part of
1794:Fled to
1697:Outcome
1507:and the
1480:(by the
1411:Cold War
1221:Giornale
1078:general
960:far-left
878:Coniglio
675:Fiat 130
671:Fiat 132
644:Fiat 128
632:Alitalia
69:Location
6171:. Rome.
6148:. Rome.
6019:. Rome.
3998:, from
3350:Storica
3268:Jacobin
2878:Craxism
2788:l'Unità
2783:Società
2179:History
1865:Algeria
1857:Managua
1649:), and
1367:autopsy
1154:(PSI),
1058:Writer
899:in 1979
815:FNAB-43
705:Alfetta
517:in the
503:Italian
471:Related
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2990:, and
2982:, the
2352:Maoism
1931:People
1861:Angola
1581:, the
1577:, the
1403:Mossad
1348:ghetto
999:UCIGOS
912:, and
781:, and
729:, and
126:Deaths
117:Murder
6340:]
5854:JSTOR
5834:(PDF)
5801:5 May
5432:Focus
5247:(PDF)
4195:5 May
3867:S2CID
3859:JSTOR
3539:5 May
3477:5 May
3440:S2CID
3432:JSTOR
3230:[
2973:]
2732:Media
1914:Italy
1887:]
1876:]
1820:Cairo
1811:]
1791:Never
1778:Never
1710:]
1678:]
1658:]
1639:]
1628:]
1597:CESIS
1593:SISDE
1589:SISMI
1571:]
1541:]
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1497:]
1466:]
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1049:Milan
1022:Tiber
790:]
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727:]
716:]
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667:]
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6300:ISBN
6247:ISBN
6228:ISBN
6206:link
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6160:link
6131:ISBN
6085:ISBN
6063:link
6031:link
5950:2023
5923:2023
5892:2023
5865:2023
5846:ISSN
5803:2013
5773:2023
5747:2023
5721:2023
5710:ISSN
5687:2023
5660:2023
5630:2023
5600:2023
5573:2023
5547:2023
5521:2023
5494:2023
5467:2023
5440:2023
5413:2023
5381:ISBN
5362:2023
5332:2023
5300:2023
5273:2023
5227:2023
5201:2023
5175:2023
5149:2023
5122:2023
5111:ISSN
5088:2023
5062:2024
5037:2023
4997:ISSN
4962:2023
4935:2023
4908:2023
4800:2023
4759:2023
4714:2023
4683:2023
4652:2023
4621:2023
4590:2023
4563:2023
4536:2023
4509:2023
4482:2023
4456:2023
4430:2023
4404:2023
4280:2023
4254:2023
4228:2023
4197:2013
4134:2023
4063:ISBN
4026:2023
3851:ISSN
3809:2023
3783:2023
3756:2023
3729:2023
3617:2023
3541:2013
3479:2013
3424:ISSN
3384:2023
3358:2023
3331:2023
3301:2023
3275:2023
3208:2023
3179:2023
3143:2023
3117:2023
3109:Crux
2686:FGCI
2649:FGCI
1845:1979
1832:1979
1815:2004
1765:1981
1752:1985
1739:1979
1727:1978
1714:1978
1691:Name
1601:SIOS
1591:and
1303:boot
1268:and
966:and
910:Fiat
842:ANSA
650:and
581:the
567:9/11
547:Rome
493:The
455:1982
439:1981
418:1980
380:1978
357:1976
336:1975
315:1974
294:1973
268:1972
247:1970
216:1969
195:1968
80:Date
73:Rome
5459:Agi
4989:doi
3843:doi
3416:doi
1912:in
1551:."
1407:KGB
1395:CIA
559:of
129:6 (
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