557:
matched the blood found on
Martinko's clothing. On December 19, 2018, investigators went to Burns' business in Manchester, Iowa, to interview him. He refused to voluntarily provide a sample of DNA, but was compelled to do so with a search warrant. His hands and arms were also examined for scars possibly left by the assumed cut sustained during the attack. Burns maintained that he did not know Martinko and was not there when she died, although an investigator later testified that Burns did not specifically deny killing Martinko. He was not able to provide an explanation for why his DNA would have been present at the crime scene. According to the investigator, "Burns showed almost no emotion during the interview, even when he was eventually told he was being arrested." When asked if he had killed someone that night in 1979, Burns repeatedly told investigators, "Test the DNA." When the DNA sample was tested, it matched the blood sample found at the crime scene.
544:. The company created a family tree starting with four sets of the woman's great-great-grandparents and reported that the killer was most likely descended from one of those couples. An investigator with the Cedar Rapids police department contacted DNA-tested members of two of the branches of the family tree, and eliminated those branches as containing the killer. He then contacted a member of a third branch, and a DNA test determined that they were first cousins with the killer. That narrowed the suspects down to a set of three brothers, who had grown up in
457:. A juvenile found carrying a knife was interviewed and ruled out in her murder, as was a shopping center employee who had told police that he enjoyed following women and ogling store mannequins. Rumors began to circulate about the crime. Some thought that Martinko had received harassing phone calls before her death, but police stated that they did not think so. Another rumor emerged that a second stabbing had happened in the following days and that police were keeping it secret, which police denied.
396:
408:, which had recently opened, and where Martinko worked. Her friend declined. Martinko then asked another acquaintance to go to the mall with her; that friend said yes at first but later changed her mind. Martinko then went to the mall alone, carrying $ 180 and intending to finalize the purchase of a new winter coat that was on layaway. Once there, she explored the stores and spoke with friends and other people she knew who worked there. She was last seen almost 9
529:
also produced approximations of how the man would have aged in the years since the crime. In a press conference during which the new image was shared, a former classmate of
Martinko exclaimed that the face looked like another one of their classmates, but that classmate had been investigated and was cleared based on a DNA swab several years before. The police received more than 100 tips following the release of the new images.
485:. They described a white man in his late teens or early 20s, around six feet tall and weighing 165–175 pounds, with brown eyes and curly brown hair. In the year after the killing, the number of people interviewed by police reached the hundreds, and up to 30 people were interviewed under hypnosis. As the investigation dwindled, a $ 10,000 reward was offered for information that would lead police to the killer.
384:
444:
not sure of the sex of the killer. Based on cash found in
Martinko's purse, police concluded that she had not been robbed. She was fully dressed, and the medical examiner determined she had not been sexually assaulted. Police considered the killing to be "personal in nature" based on the number and location of stab wounds.
597:. Prosecutors also played a video of a police interview of Burns, in which he denied being at the crime scene on the night of Martinko's murder, and could not explain how his DNA had been found at the scene. They also played a later recording, after Burns' arrest, in which Burns questioned whether he could have
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be suppressed. Investigators had reviewed Burns' 2018 internet searches and found that he regularly visited websites showing blonde women being raped, stabbed, and strangled, and which depicted sexual intercourse with murder victims. The judge determined the search history was not usable in the trial
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The defense brought only one witness, a self-described forensic DNA consultant, who testified on the possibility that police could have mishandled the evidence. He stated that Burns' DNA could have been at the scene due to secondary transfer (such as skin cells transferring to an article of clothing
520:
received a tip connected to the case. Although the tip did not lead to any suspects, the investigator discovered what he believed to be the killer's blood while he was reviewing the case files. From that, police were able to build a partial DNA profile. Documents concluded that fewer than one in 100
473:
a.m. when she drove by. The woman communicated her information to the daughter of the secretary of the Public Safety
Commissioner and believed that it would be passed on to police if it was important. The police never received the information, and the woman did not contact police until months later,
460:
For some time, a prime suspect in
Martinko's murder was a man who had, the month before, broken into a Cedar Rapids home, raped a woman at knifepoint, and threatened to kill her children. He was never charged with the Martinko murder, he denied the accusations, and DNA evidence, found later, did not
191:
In
October 2018, DNA was covertly collected from an Iowa man, Jerry Lynn Burns, and was found to match the sample discovered on Martinko's clothing. Burns was arrested and, on February 24, 2020, was found guilty of first-degree murder in the death of Martinko. On August 7, 2020, Burns was sentenced
601:
of committing the crime. Prosecutors brought
Michael Allison, a former cellmate of Burns, as a witness. According to Allison, "I asked Jerry, 'Did you do the crime?' And he said he couldn't talk about it." Allison testified further that Burns had told him as they were playing a game that if Allison
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After two days of jury selection, the murder trial began on
February 12, 2020. The prosecution emphasized the unlikelihood of the DNA evidence matching someone other than the person who left it at the scene. The doctor who performed Martinko's autopsy and investigators in the original case, all now
452:
Police had few leads and appealed to the public for tips. A police spokesman estimated that in the week after
Martinko's murder, more than 200 people responded to the detectives' appeals in the news for information concerning the case. Police interviewed numerous people, and several were cleared of
443:
p.m. The murder weapon was "sharp-pointed" but not definitively a knife, and the medical examiner could not determine its size. The killer left no fingerprints, which led police to believe they had worn gloves. A police spokesman said that "everyone's instinct is to say it was a guy", but they were
556:
On
October 29, 2018, an investigator observed one of the brothers, Jerry Lynn Burns, drink multiple sodas using a plastic straw. When Burns disposed of the straw, the investigator collected it and tested it for DNA. Tests eliminated the other two brothers as suspects, but the DNA from Burns' straw
528:
In 2017, a company specializing in DNA phenotyping was hired to create additional images of the killer based solely on DNA clues about facial appearance and ancestry. The images looked considerably different from the 1980 composite sketch and showed a man with blond hair and blue eyes. The company
464:
Controversy arose five months after the murder, after a woman who was driving by the mall parking lot in the early hours of December 20 came forward with information. She had looked into the parking lot as she drove by to check for her daughter's car because her daughter worked at the mall and had
403:
On the evening of December 19, 1979, Martinko attended a banquet for the Kennedy Concert Choir at the Sheraton Inn in Cedar Rapids. She wore a black jersey dress and black scarf, black pantyhose and heels, and a waist-length white and brown rabbit fur jacket, and she carried a brown leather purse.
330:
as a sophomore, and performed in choirs and theater productions. She did not have many close girlfriends or confidantes, which was speculated to be caused by jealousy from other students over her beauty and stylish clothes or conflict over a boy she had dated. Martinko, who was a senior in high
565:
On December 19, 2018, exactly 39 years after Martinko's murder, Burns was arrested and charged with first-degree murder. He entered a plea of not guilty. His trial was originally scheduled for October 14, 2019, but in September the defense requested a delay in order to gather more evidence and
370:. Burns' cousin, Brian Burns, went missing on the anniversary of Michelle's murder (December 19, 2013), and his remains were found in November 2023. Although Burns' arrest in the Martinko case raised questions about the two incidents, police do not believe Burns was involved in either one.
578:
In pretrial hearings, Burns' attorneys claimed that police needed a search warrant to gather his DNA from the discarded straw, but the judge determined that discarded property cannot reasonably be considered private. The defense also requested that evidence pertaining to Burns' cell phone
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when someone brushes up against another person), although he clarified that it was not his opinion that this was the case with Burns' DNA. Prosecutors called a criminalist to contradict the defense's witness; the criminalist said that the storage of Martinko's clothing was not unusual.
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without the possibility of parole for first degree murder. On May 29, 2020, Burns' attorneys filed a motion asking for a new trial, claiming his constitutional and state rights were violated and that the court made a mistake in overruling the request for evidence to be suppressed.
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had car trouble before. She claimed to have seen two cars in the lot, one of which was Martinko's, and a man standing next to the open driver's side door of Martinko's car. She was unsure her information would be of any use because she had read that the murder happened between 10
593:
retired, took the stand to testify to how the investigation was conducted, and to Martinko's cause of death. The defense argued that DNA evidence had been mishandled, and that different articles of clothing from the scene should not have been stored together in one
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based on the amount of attention the case had received over the past four decades, as well as "pervasive and prejudicial pretrial publicity". The prosecution did not resist either request, and the trial was rescheduled for February 10, 2020, in
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In the mid-1980s, Martinko's father filed a lawsuit against the owners of the Westdale Mall and claimed negligence in not providing "reasonable security" on the night of the murder. The case was appealed and was eventually decided by the
27:
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billion people would match the DNA profile. The results were entered into the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS), the national DNA database, but no matches were found. Eventually, more than 125 people would have their
171:
In 2006, a cold case investigator discovered unidentified blood, presumably belonging to the killer, while he was reviewing case files. A DNA profile was developed from that evidence and entered into the national
609:
Burns' defense team objected to the wording of one of the prosecution's questions, which they claimed implied unequivocally that Burns' blood had been at the scene. The defense requested the case be declared a
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when they reissued a call for any information connected to the murder. Detectives considered charging the Commissioner with failure to pass along the information to police, but no charges were pursued.
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and compared against samples taken from the scene. Out of more than 80 potential suspects that had been identified over the years, more than 60 people were tested and cleared of suspicion.
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435:, which police said indicated that she had fought back against her killer. Police determined from the lack of blood outside the car that Martinko had been killed while in the car, and the
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was hired to produce a new approximation of the killer's appearance based solely off the DNA sample. In 2018, the company entered the DNA data from the case into the public
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On August 7, 2020, Burns was sentenced to life in prison without parole. In September 2020, Burns filed a notice of appeal. Burns is currently imprisoned in the
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1938:
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318:(October 6, 1961 – December 19, 1979) was born in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Martinko was the younger of two daughters of Albert F. Martinko and Janet Martinko (
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On February 24, 2020, after three hours of deliberation, the jury found Jerry Lynn Burns guilty of first degree murder of Michelle Martinko. Iowa law
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540:. GEDmatch returned one person who shared DNA markers with the suspect in Martinko's murder, and it determined her to be likely the killer's
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892:
862:
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a.m., since Martinko had still not returned home, her father reported her missing. He began to search for her, as did the police. At 4
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1417:
1302:
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282:
736:"Michelle Martinko's murder 'haunted' the Cedar Rapids community for 40 years. Now, her suspected killer is set to go on trial"
77:
1043:
326:, where she was an above average student and well regarded by school officials. She was also a talented performer, joined the
1918:
532:
In 2018, the DNA phenotyping company took the data they had collected the year before and entered it into GEDmatch, a public
354:, and graduated from West Delaware High School in 1972. He lived in Manchester at the time of his arrest in 2020 and owned a
1908:
461:
match his DNA. In 2012, while serving a life sentence for an unrelated attack, the man died in prison from colon cancer.
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After the event, she asked her friend and twirling squad teammate if she wanted to join her on a shopping trip to the
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1715:
1636:"Jerry Burns defense calls one witness, rests its case after testimony from self-defined forensic DNA consultant"
548:. The brothers were placed under surveillance, and investigators began to attempt to collect their DNA secretly.
173:
1502:
1446:"Trial for Jerry Burns, charged in the 1979 killing of 18-year-old Michelle Martinko, moved out of Linn County"
481:
of a man believed to have killed Martinko, which they formed from descriptions provided by two witnesses under
1587:"Witnesses describe procedure in collecting, storing, and tracking evidence as part of cold-case murder trial"
669:"'This is Michelle's day': Jury convicts Iowa man of first-degree murder in 1979 slaying of Cedar Rapids teen"
1953:
1833:
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350:(born December 23, 1953) was 25 years old when he killed Michelle Martinko in December 1979. He grew up in
1878:
1848:
633:. On March 31, 2023, the Iowa Supreme Court denied Jerry Lynn Burns' appeal and upheld his conviction.
332:
863:"BREAKING: Jerry Burns, convicted of killing Michelle Martinko, officially sentenced to life in prison"
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580:
1241:
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804:
765:"Search warrant shows how relative's DNA led police to Manchester man in Michelle Martinko's death"
673:
537:
536:
website that has been used by law enforcement to solve other cold cases, most famously that of the
395:
129:
1815:
800:"40 years later: What we know about Michelle Martinko and the arrest that re-opened the cold case"
168:
identified a suspect 39 years after the crime who was charged, tried and convicted of her murder.
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as a result, but the judge denied the request and asked the prosecutor to rephrase the question.
572:
502:
232:
153:
59:
735:
1561:"Witnesses describe murder scene in trial of man accused of killing Michelle Martinko in 1979"
1422:
622:
567:
139:
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642:
598:
545:
478:
436:
351:
1387:"39 years later, man charged in cold-case killing of high school student Michelle Martinko"
1153:"Iowa community tries to reconcile a cold case arrest and its long history with a neighbor"
919:
336:
177:
1126:"Remains found near Manchester confirmed to be Brian Burns a decade after he disappeared"
516:
In 2006, 27 years after Martinko's killing, a new cold case investigator working for the
1333:"Police collected DNA from dozens while investigating 1979 killing of Michelle Martinko"
1531:"From the crime to conviction, a timeline of events in the murder of Michelle Martinko"
355:
327:
274:
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1862:
432:
421:
405:
388:
165:
55:
1662:"After denied mistrial motion, testimony in Michelle Martinko murder case concludes"
428:. Martinko was found inside collapsed over the passenger seat and stabbed to death.
1201:
Rogahn, Kurt (December 21, 1979). "C.R. police seek clues in murder of teen-ager".
833:"Jerry Burns found guilty of first-degree murder in the death of Michelle Martinko"
594:
425:
1829:"Supreme Court affirms Jerry Burns' conviction in 1979 Michelle Martinko murder"
1223:
Rogahn, Kurt (December 19, 1980). "Year after C.R. slaying: No motive or clue".
522:
431:
Martinko had been stabbed 29 times in her face, neck, and chest. Her hands bore
26:
363:
359:
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366:. Burns had previously been married to Patricia Burns, who died in 2008 from
297:
284:
92:
79:
1719:
1391:
1073:"Distant relative learns her DNA led to arrest in Michelle Martinko slaying"
866:
533:
454:
399:
A 1972 Buick Electra similar to the car in which Martinko was found murdered
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383:
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interview witnesses. The defense also requested the trial be moved out of
508:
Martinko's father, Albert, died in 1995. Her mother, Janet, died in 1998.
1306:
482:
264:
185:
1285:
Hogan, Dick; Rogahn, Kurt (April 21, 1980). "$ 10,000 Martinko reward".
1268:
Rogahn, Kurt (October 3, 1981). "Furor erupts in Martinko death probe".
1665:
1639:
1590:
1564:
1534:
1479:
1418:"Jury Finds Burns Guilty Of First Degree Murder In Killing Of Martinko"
1363:
1104:
486:
367:
541:
319:
1242:"One-time suspect in unsolved Cedar Rapids homicide dies in prison"
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due to the decades of time separating the murder and the searches.
1613:"Cellmate recounts multiple outbursts in Jerry Burns murder trial"
611:
394:
382:
1771:
1745:
1506:
1476:"No delay in trial for man accused of killing Michelle Martinko"
236:
176:, but no matches were found. In 2017, a company specializing in
157:
63:
1360:"UPDATE: Tips coming into CRPD since Martinko press conference"
1184:
Rogahn, Kurt (December 28, 1979). "New plea for murder clues".
1021:
Rogahn, Kurt (June 19, 1980). "Hypnosis aids Martinko probe".
1793:"Offender Information | Iowa Department of Corrections"
420:
a.m., police found the Martinko family's tan and green 1972
1687:"Iowa man guilty in 1979 killing of high school student"
1044:"30 years ago: Murder of teen haunts those who knew her"
602:
kept beating him, he would have to "take to the mall."
1385:
Ivanisevic, Alex; Nozicka, Luke (December 20, 2018).
424:
in the northeast corner of the mall parking lot by a
1101:"Friends of man arrested in Martinko murder shocked"
1716:"Lawyers for Jerry Burns file motion for new trial"
489:were also consulted early on in the investigation.
270:
260:
244:
214:
207:
135:
124:
116:
108:
69:
51:
36:
947:Stevens, Nancy; Rogahn, Kurt (January 25, 1980).
412:p.m. outside of a jewelry store in the mall. At 2
331:school when she was killed, had plans to attend
160:, United States, on December 19, 1979. It was a
1503:"Burns' Second Hearing Focuses on Pornography"
923:. Davenport, Iowa. April 1, 1998. p. 14.
439:later estimated she had died between 8 and 10
8:
19:
1949:Violence against women in the United States
1742:"Jerry Burns attorney files for new trial"
204:
25:
18:
1914:December 1979 events in the United States
1768:"Burns Files Appeal on Murder Conviction"
1303:"Cold Case Spotlight: Michelle Martinko"
358:business in the city. He had worked for
1660:Scheinblum, Aaron (February 21, 2020).
1634:Scheinblum, Aaron (February 20, 2020).
1585:Scheinblum, Aaron (February 14, 2020).
1559:Scheinblum, Aaron (February 13, 2020).
1099:Saunders, Forrest (December 19, 2018).
654:
188:, where it found a familial DNA match.
1849:"Jerry Burns has murder appeal denied"
1766:Tucker, Janelle (September 29, 2020).
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1409:
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1324:
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1216:
1214:
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1151:Davis, Tyler J. (February 19, 2019).
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1008:
1006:
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857:
855:
831:Mehaffey, Trish (February 24, 2020).
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729:
727:
725:
723:
721:
719:
717:
715:
713:
711:
662:
660:
658:
497:As time went on, the case grew cold.
7:
1611:Breese, Travis (February 18, 2020).
1501:Tucker, Janelle (January 17, 2020).
1240:Miller, Vanessa (January 17, 2012).
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477:On June 19, 1980, police released a
1934:Incidents of violence against women
1444:Spoerre, Anna (December 10, 2019).
949:"New theory, plea in Martinko case"
798:Spoerre, Anna (December 19, 2019).
667:Spoerre, Anna (February 24, 2020).
1939:Murder trials in the United States
1071:Mehaffey, Trish (March 22, 2019).
982:Rogahn, Kurt (December 20, 1979).
763:Mehaffey, Trish (March 12, 2019).
192:to life in prison without parole.
14:
1884:1979 murders in the United States
1416:Payne, Kate (February 24, 2020).
891:Kurt, Dylan (December 26, 2018).
174:Combined DNA Index System (CODIS)
16:1979 murder in Cedar Rapids, Iowa
1740:Moudy, Shannon (June 15, 2020).
1331:Nozicka, Luke (April 15, 2019).
734:Moulton, Jen (October 2, 2019).
324:Cedar Rapids Kennedy High School
1714:Oates, Trevor (June 17, 2020).
469:p.m. and midnight, and it was 2
518:Cedar Rapids Police Department
1:
1924:History of Cedar Rapids, Iowa
505:in favor of the mall owners.
1889:21st-century American trials
275:Cedar Memorial Park Cemetery
512:Resumption of investigation
453:suspicion through use of a
150:murder of Michelle Martinko
40:December 19, 1979
20:Murder of Michelle Martinko
1970:
1899:Deaths by stabbing in Iowa
631:Anamosa State Penitentiary
561:Arrest and pretrial events
542:second cousin once removed
984:"C.R. Student, 18, slain"
24:
1929:History of women in Iowa
1894:Deaths by person in Iowa
374:Murder and investigation
278:Cedar Rapids, Iowa, U.S.
255:Cedar Rapids, Iowa, U.S.
1944:People murdered in Iowa
1834:The Des Moines Register
316:Michelle Marie Martinko
219:Michelle Marie Martinko
1814: 2023-03-31),
599:blocked out the memory
400:
392:
322:Zillig). She attended
1919:Female murder victims
448:Initial investigation
398:
386:
333:Iowa State University
1909:December 1979 events
1366:. September 12, 2017
893:"Cold case heats up"
1695:. February 24, 2020
1537:. February 24, 2020
1451:Des Moines Register
1338:Des Moines Register
1309:. December 28, 2014
1158:Des Moines Register
1052:. December 20, 2009
805:Des Moines Register
674:Des Moines Register
538:Golden State Killer
294: /
261:Cause of death
130:first degree murder
89: /
21:
1482:. February 7, 2020
1132:. January 29, 2024
917:"Janet Martinko".
503:Iowa Supreme Court
401:
393:
1423:Iowa Public Radio
313:
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298:42.023°N 91.634°W
248:December 19, 1979
209:Michelle Martinko
201:Michelle Martinko
164:until 2018, when
146:
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140:Life imprisonment
112:Michelle Martinko
93:41.952°N 91.720°W
31:Michelle Martinko
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869:. August 7, 2020
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552:Arrest and trial
546:Manchester, Iowa
479:composite sketch
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437:medical examiner
433:defensive wounds
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352:Manchester, Iowa
348:Jerry Lynn Burns
343:Jerry Lynn Burns
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1879:1979 in Iowa
1843:
1832:
1823:
1806:
1801:
1787:
1775:. Retrieved
1761:
1749:. Retrieved
1735:
1723:. Retrieved
1709:
1699:February 24,
1697:. Retrieved
1690:
1681:
1671:February 25,
1669:. Retrieved
1655:
1645:February 25,
1643:. Retrieved
1629:
1617:. Retrieved
1606:
1596:February 25,
1594:. Retrieved
1580:
1570:February 25,
1568:. Retrieved
1541:February 24,
1539:. Retrieved
1512:February 25,
1510:. Retrieved
1496:
1484:. Retrieved
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1396:. Retrieved
1390:
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1368:. Retrieved
1354:
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1336:
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1297:
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1251:. Retrieved
1245:
1235:
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1202:
1196:
1185:
1164:February 25,
1162:. Retrieved
1156:
1146:
1134:. Retrieved
1129:
1120:
1110:February 24,
1108:. Retrieved
1094:
1084:February 24,
1082:. Retrieved
1076:
1066:
1054:. Retrieved
1047:
1022:
993:. Retrieved
987:
958:. Retrieved
952:
918:
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900:. Retrieved
896:
871:. Retrieved
844:February 24,
842:. Retrieved
836:
809:. Retrieved
803:
774:. Retrieved
768:
743:. Retrieved
739:
680:February 24,
678:. Retrieved
672:
628:
616:
608:
604:
595:evidence bag
591:
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573:Scott County
564:
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347:
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315:
314:
250:(1979-12-19)
233:Cedar Rapids
190:
170:
166:familial DNA
154:Cedar Rapids
152:occurred in
149:
147:
60:Cedar Rapids
1904:1979 crimes
1874:1979 deaths
1869:1961 births
1777:October 13,
1486:February 8,
1457:February 8,
1398:February 8,
1370:February 8,
1344:February 8,
1313:February 8,
1288:The Gazette
1271:The Gazette
1253:February 8,
1247:The Gazette
1226:The Gazette
1204:The Gazette
1187:The Gazette
1078:The Gazette
1056:February 8,
1049:The Gazette
1024:The Gazette
995:February 8,
989:The Gazette
960:February 8,
954:The Gazette
902:February 8,
838:The Gazette
811:February 8,
776:February 8,
770:The Gazette
745:February 8,
568:Linn County
523:DNA swabbed
301: /
196:Backgrounds
96: /
71:Coordinates
1863:Categories
649:References
364:truck stop
360:John Deere
289:91°38′02″W
286:42°01′23″N
225:1961-10-06
128:Guilty of
84:91°43′12″W
81:41°57′07″N
44:1979-12-19
1392:USA Today
873:August 7,
534:genealogy
493:Cold case
455:polygraph
335:to study
182:genealogy
162:cold case
117:Convicted
1751:July 11,
1725:July 11,
1619:April 9,
1429:March 3,
1307:NBC News
637:See also
619:mandates
612:mistrial
487:Psychics
483:hypnosis
426:JCPenney
265:Stabbing
186:GEDmatch
184:website
136:Sentence
52:Location
1480:KCRG-TV
1364:KCRG-TV
1136:July 1,
1105:KCRG-TV
391:in 2006
368:suicide
125:Verdict
42: (
1810: (
1615:. KWWL
471:
467:
441:
418:
414:
410:
379:Murder
239:, U.S.
109:Target
588:Trial
1816:Text
1812:Iowa
1779:2020
1772:KMCH
1753:2020
1746:KGAN
1727:2020
1720:KWWL
1701:2020
1673:2020
1666:KCRG
1647:2020
1640:KCRG
1621:2024
1598:2020
1591:KCRG
1572:2020
1565:KCRG
1543:2020
1535:KCRG
1514:2020
1507:KMCH
1488:2020
1459:2020
1431:2020
1400:2020
1372:2020
1346:2020
1315:2020
1255:2020
1166:2020
1138:2024
1112:2020
1086:2020
1058:2020
997:2020
962:2020
904:2020
875:2020
867:KWWL
846:2020
813:2020
778:2020
747:2020
682:2020
387:The
245:Died
237:Iowa
215:Born
158:Iowa
148:The
64:Iowa
37:Date
320:née
1865::
1831:.
1770:.
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227:)
223:(
46:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
