418:. In turn, this led Muriel to believe that de Valera had conspired with Mary to kidnap Máire. Máire, however, for her part, always refused the idea that she had been kidnapped, instead claiming that she felt her life with her mother on the continent was too chaotic and unstable. What followed was a bitter custody battle over Máire, in which the court ultimately ruled in favour of Mary. Muriel blamed the influence of the Catholic Church for the decision, although the Judge did seem to seriously consider Máire wishes and also the apparent uncertainty of Muriel's lifestyle. When an adult Máire refused to return to her mother's side in Switzerland in 1934, the relationship between the two was permanently severed and Muriel never spoke to Máire again, despite several attempts by Maire and her husband
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323:. Along the way, MacSwiney headed a delegation of widows Irish women, including Mary MacSwiney, who visited major cities such as New York and Boston en route, where they delivered speeches at public meetings intended to rally Irish Americans to the cause. The American tour ended up lasting nine months total and was a major success in swaying both the view of the American public and American politicians towards the Irish, and saw Muriel becoming the first woman in history to receive the Freedom of New York City in 1922.
33:
279:
230:, confused about whether they should mobilise or not. Their relationship continued to develop in the aftermath of the Rising and the two communicated by letter while MacSwiney was imprisoned. Murphy's family was horrified by the courtship and discouraged it every step of the way, nevertheless, after MacSwiney was deported to England immediately after his release from prison, Murphy joined him there. The two married on 9 June 1917 in
245:, which Muriel (by this point pregnant) objected to. She wrote privately that she "did not approve of hunger strike although entirely for the cause". Throughout the rest of 1917 and 1918 Terence would be released only to be almost immediately reimprisoned, with Muriel following him to prisons in Dundalk and Belfast. She returned to Cork in June 1918 to give birth to their daughter,
270:, a fellow activist who urged Terence to see out the strike. Terence died due to his hunger strike on 25 October 1920. In the aftermath, Muriel was the only member of Terence's family to attend a British-run inquest into his death, which caused more infighting. Muriel was physically unable to return to Ireland for the funeral, which was attended by 10,000s of mourners.
401:, MacSwiney travelled between Germany, Switzerland and France, while Máire attended boarding schools in Germany. MacSwiney continued to be sporadically involved in left-wing causes and married a German left-wing activist with the surname Pullman, which led to the birth of a second daughter, Alix, in 1926. Pullman was later killed during the
492:
As late as the 1970s, MacSwiney remained politically engaged: She was critical of
American foreign policy on Vietnam, calling the USA a "world imperialist power". In 1972, she spoke publicly at a meeting of the Workers’ Association for the Democratic Settlement of the National Conflict in Ireland.
318:
The death of MacSwiney's husband dealt a huge impact on her life, being a public event as well as a personal loss. MacSwiney was catapulted into the spotlight as the mourning widow of someone the Irish nationalist movement was now holding up as a martyr. In this capacity MacSwiney travelled to the
147:
in 1923, Muriel never again lived in
Ireland and instead embarked upon a bohemian life on the European continent. However, this led to a falling out with her daughter Máire, resulting in a bitter custody battle when Máire attempted to return to Ireland and ultimately total estrangement after 1934.
484:
By 1950 MacSwiney's entire inheritance had been spent, however, she was able to successfully apply for a widow's pension, to the sum of ÂŁ500 a year, from the Irish state on account of her marriage to
Terence. In 1957 she objected to the creation of a chapel in honour of Terence MacSwiney in St
394:. This did not improve her relations with her conservative sister-in-law Mary, who began to claim that on Terence's deathbed, he had placed his daughter Máire in the joint custody of both Muriel and Mary, rather than solely to Muriel. In response, Muriel took Máire and left for Germany.
353:
In the aftermath, MacSwiney was briefly arrested. Thereafter, MacSwiney and Kearns departed for
America, where once again MacSwiney embarked on a political tour, this time trying to build support for the anti-treaty side. She left her daughter Máire in the care of the family of
413:
In 1932 Máire MacSwiney attempted to return to
Ireland alongside her aunt Mary. Because Mary refused to acknowledge the legitimacy of the Irish Free State, she had to be issued a special passport by the newly elected leader of the country, the republican
234:, England one day after Murphy's 25th birthday, and one day after she was eligible for her inheritance, ensuring the independence of the couple from the Murphy family. Her bridesmaid was Geraldine O’Sullivan (Neeson) while his best man was
257:
MacSwiney's daily life remained held in this pattern until
Terence's final hunger strike, which he began in the summer of 1920. Terence had become Lord Mayor of Cork in March 1920 and he began the highest-profile member of the
600:
358:. While campaigning in the States, different Irish-American factions squabbled for her support, but nevertheless MacSwiney struggled to raise support for the anti-treaty side. While in New York City, MacSwiney and
139:, and following his death she became one of the most high profile Irish republican activists in the world, widely campaigning in the United States throughout the early 1920s. Following the defeat of the
1022:
362:
broke into and occupied the Irish consular offices and had to be removed by police. It was during this time period she also campaigned for the release from prison of the Irish
Communist
266:
to call
Terence off the strike. Although Muriel later claimed publicly to have fully supported the strike, her private fears about it caused her to conflict with her sister-in-law
148:
MacSwiney spent most of the 1930s in Paris, France and from 1940 onwards lived in
England, where she still occasionally involved herself in left-wing and republican causes.
608:
164:. As an adult she came to despise the privilege of her upbringing, remarking that her family was "completely imperialist, conservative, capitalist, and Roman Catholic".
1002:
156:
Muriel
Frances Murphy was born on 8 June 1892 to a wealthy Cork family. Her father was Nicholas Murphy and her mother Mary Gertrude Purcell of Carrigmore, in
241:
In the summer of 1917 the couple moved several times before settling on Douglas Road, Cork. In November Terence was imprisoned again, and briefly went on
434:, France, where she continued to be engaged with politics, typically those of left-wing, including communist, groups. She was particularly active in the
635:
214:. It was as part of these organisations she met and befriended the sisters of Terence MacSwiney. Murphy witnessed MacSwiney give a public speech at a
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263:
870:
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489:, England. MacSwiney argued any memorial to Terence should be built in Ireland, on a non-sectarian bias, and that it should serve the poor.
997:
262:, which became an internationally known news event. Although offering Terence daily support, MacSwiney also petitioned the newly emergent
1017:
442:, an Irish socialist who was living in Paris at the time, into. While living in France she was romantically involved with the Communist
226:
of 1916, Murphy brought MacSwiney food and information to Volunteer Hall in Cork, where MacSwiney was held up with other members of the
977:
982:
1012:
291:
578:
636:""Mary, Annie and Muriel MacSwiney – Extraordinary Women in Extraordinary Times." – The Spirit of Mother Jones Festival"
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in December 1921. MacSwiney took the anti-treaty position; a letter expressing her opposition to it was read in the
305:
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520:
Larkin had returned to Ireland following the granting of a pardon, aided by the Irish-American mayor of New York,
992:
246:
128:
101:
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MacSwiney never resolved her relationships with either Máire or the rest of her family. MacSwiney was living in
833:
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342:. It was also during this period that MacSwiney was part of a group posing as a Red Cross delegation who broke
987:
439:
347:
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and left-wing activist, and the first woman to be given the Freedom of New York City. She was the wife of
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in Kent with her daughter Alix near the end of her life. She died on 26 October 1982 at Oakwood Hospital,
177:
366:, who had been sentenced to 5 to 10 years for "Criminal Anarchy" in 1919 and imprisoned in New York's
206:
By 1915 she had become interested and involved in the Irish nationalist movement, and joined both the
32:
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United States to attend the "Commission on conditions in Ireland" of 1921, which was being held in
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meeting, but didn't meet him personally until Christmas 1915 when she attended an evening at the
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748:"History of IrelandIrish History, Culture, Heritage, Language, MythologyMuriel MacSwiney"
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MacSwiney returned, exhausted, to Ireland in January 1922, just after the signing of the
601:"Wedding gift on display 100 years after marriage of Muriel Murphy and Terence MacSwine"
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MacSwiney being welcomed to the United States in 1922 by crowds in New York City
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249:, but by August brought Máire with her to visit Terence in a Belfast prison.
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135:. The 1920 hunger strike of her husband Terence became an international
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473:. Later, living in London, she became associated with the Irish-British
378:
MacSwiney returned to Ireland in the summer of 1923; by that point, the
834:"A Revolutionary Life: Muriel MacSwiney Part I • Irish history podcast"
459:
387:
331:
718:"LISTEN: The first woman to receive the freedom of New York, part II"
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465:
MacSwiney evacuated France for England in 1940 upon the onset of the
338:
and in June 1922 was part of the garrison in the Hammam hotel led by
161:
893:
McNamara, Robert (2003). "Irish Perspectives on the Vietnam War".
431:
775:"Terence MacSwiney wedding gift on public display for first time"
640:
The Spirit of Mother Jones Festival – Shandon, Cork City, Ireland
160:, Cork city. MacSwiney was sent away to school, to a convent in
397:
For the next several years, amid what appeared to be long-term
462:
and died on 18 May 1945 as a result of his treatment there.
390:
and began supporting, and eventually joining, Jim Larkin's
222:. From there they began seeing each other, and during the
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477:, however, by 1956 she fell out with its primary leader
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438:, a non-sectarian teacher's union that she recruited
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was fizzling to an end in a decisive defeat for the
311:
MacSwiney leading protests in America that same year
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Terence, Muriel and daughter Máire in circa May 1919
168:
Political activism and marriage to Terence MacSwiney
97:
87:
68:
42:
23:
430:For the duration of the 1930s, MacSwiney lived in
282:A photographic portrait of MacSwiney taken in 1922
183:The MacSwineys on their wedding day. The best man
1023:People of the Irish Civil War (Anti-Treaty side)
865:. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 372.
698:"Life in 1916 Ireland: Stories from statistics"
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8:
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752:Stair na hÉireann | History of Ireland
937:"Macswiney (Pension) Act, 1950, Section 1"
31:
20:
469:, and she began working in a hospital in
386:. MacSwiney publicly declared herself an
277:
119:, 8 June 1892 – 26 October 1982) was an
1003:Irish expatriates in the United Kingdom
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346:from Mullingar prison with the help of
253:Terence MacSwiney's final hunger strike
16:Irish republican and left-wing activist
895:Irish Studies in International Affairs
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805:. Penguin Books Limited. p. 41.
802:Rebels: Voices from the Easter Rising
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773:O’Riordan, Sean (8 June 2017).
716:Dwyer, Fin (22 November 2018).
1:
607:. 4 July 2017. Archived from
579:Dictionary of Irish Biography
572:Dolan, Anne (October 2009).
998:Irish expatriates in France
574:"MacSwiney, Muriel Frances"
1039:
1018:Activists from Cork (city)
426:Life in France and England
978:Conradh na Gaeilge people
907:10.3318/ISIA.2003.14.1.75
187:can be seen on the right.
30:
446:. Kaan, a member of the
667:"An Irishwoman's Diary"
440:Owen Sheehy Skeffington
436:Ligue de l'enseignement
409:Estrangement from Máire
348:Linda Kearns MacWhinney
260:1920 Cork hunger strike
983:Cumann na mBan members
532:References and sources
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247:Máire MacSwiney Brugha
129:Máire MacSwiney Brugha
102:Máire MacSwiney Brugha
1013:Irish women activists
838:Irish history podcast
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264:Irish Republican Army
131:and sister-in-law of
47:Muriel Frances Murphy
799:McGarry, F. (2011).
485:George's cathedral,
475:Connolly Association
344:Annie M. P. Smithson
611:on 21 November 2017
392:Irish Worker League
941:Irish Statute Book
862:The New York Irish
479:C. Desmond Greaves
456:concentration camp
328:Anglo-Irish Treaty
284:
274:Continued activism
216:Manchester Martyrs
1008:Irish republicans
872:978-0-8018-5764-5
840:. 22 October 2018
812:978-0-14-196930-5
779:irishexaminer.com
467:Battle for France
448:French resistance
125:Terence MacSwiney
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673:. 21 March 2013
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609:the original
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117: Murphy
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74:(1982-10-26)
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973:1982 deaths
968:1892 births
481:and left.
444:Pierre Kaan
220:Fleischmann
57:8 June 1892
962:Categories
946:17 October
878:17 October
844:17 October
818:17 October
784:17 October
758:17 October
727:17 October
677:17 October
646:17 October
615:17 October
585:16 January
399:depression
374:Later life
364:Jim Larkin
158:Montenotte
152:Early life
53:1892-06-08
923:153710978
901:: 75–94.
502:Maidstone
498:Tonbridge
487:Southwark
405:period.
368:Sing Sing
80:Maidstone
63:, Ireland
915:30001965
522:Al Smith
232:Bromyard
98:Children
460:Gestapo
458:by the
450:during
388:atheist
143:in the
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471:Oxford
162:Sussex
88:Spouse
919:S2CID
911:JSTOR
508:Notes
432:Paris
948:2019
880:2019
867:ISBN
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729:2019
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587:2023
332:Dáil
210:and
69:Died
61:Cork
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