40:
47:
405:
denied that it had caused the damage, but after the Legal Aid Centre (CAJJ) investigated the damage and alerted authorities they agreed to $ 65,330 in compensation for crop losses to be shared among the farmers. The farmers did not receive compensation for the land, which is now unusable. Article 281 of the Mining Code requires
Glencore to compensate for “any modification rendering the land unfit for cultivation”.
497:
In 2017, Glencore paid $ 534 million to buy a 31% stake in
Mutanda from Dan Gertler's Fleurette group. This deal valued the 31% stake at $ 922 million, since it also involved the settlement of several hundred million dollars of loans Fleurrette owed to Glencore. Glencore now claims 100% ownership of
517:
In 2018, a
Congolese-American businessman Charles Brown filed a lawsuit in Congolese court, claiming that he sold a 19.12% stake in Mutanda to Groupe Bazano under threat of violence on May 9, 2012. Glencore purchased Groupe Bazano's share in the mine two weeks later on May 22. Glencore denied this,
404:
Twenty-six farmers’ fields were destroyed between 2013 and 2014, totaling 23.85 hectares of land. These farmers' harvests were ruined, including cassava, maize, rice, bean, pineapple and banana crops. The damage was severe enough to be observable in satellite images. Mutanda Mining (MUMI) initially
462:
and GĂ©camines for explanations of these secret sales of assets below market value. At the time, the IMF was providing loans to the DRC worth $ 561 million to improve the economy. The 20% share of
Mutanda was sold for $ 120 million - $ 137 million, while market value was estimated $ 600 million - $
521:
In May 2022, Glencore admitted to bribing government officials in several
African countries including the DRC to secure "improper business advantages". In December, 2022 the company agreed to pay $ 180 million to the DRC to settle "all present and future claims arising from any alleged acts of
415:
In 2017, a spill damaged farmers' fields, and
Glencore refused to pay damages or to publish its reports detailing the nature of the spill. They reported that the spill was "a mixed solution of residue sludge composed of 50% solids". A woman who was sickened by the spill has also been refused
182:
of the
Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). It is the largest cobalt mine in the world. Accidents and spills at the mine have killed workers and polluted nearby rivers and fields. An NGO that has documented impacts of the mine concluded that spills have threatened community members'
688:
226:. Katanga produced 522,130 tonnes of copper and 101,000 tonnes of cobalt in 2012. About half of the global proven cobalt reserves are in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), and over half of the cobalt extracted in 2017 came from the DRC.
765:
475:, a copper and cobalt project bordering Mutanda covering 185 square kilometres (71 sq mi). In August 2011 Glencore's CEO said the company planned to combine the two properties and to increase its share to over 50%.
39:
319:, and child labor. Artisanal mining is a way that people in extreme poverty meet their basic needs. Workers at Shabara mine report that they can make $ 200/week when most people live on less than $ 2/day.
1382:
1372:
579:
1045:
954:
349:. In November 2011 Glencore announced intentions to expand annual capacity to 110,000 metric tons of copper metal. Glencore made an investment of $ 650 million to develop this capacity.
217:
922:
1354:
204:
Mutanda has been closed since
November 2019, although artisinal mining has continued at Shabara. Glencore announced plans to resume production in 2022. In April 2022, president
514:
indicating that
Glencore had loaned $ 45 million in shares to billionaire Dan Gertler in exchange for help securing an agreement with Gecamines to acquire Mutanda mine.
69:
1121:
1009:
766:"The precarious political economy of cobalt: Balancing prosperity, poverty, and brutality in artisanal and industrial mining in the Democratic Republic of the Congo"
689:"Mitigation of process dysfunctions related to the presence of talcaeous minerals in the feed to a copper hydrometallurgical plant operating in Katanga, DR Congo"
454:. Reports found that contracts for this sale were kept secret, and that Mutanda and other state-owned mines were sold below market value. In September 2011 the
361:
is illegal. Shabara is run by the artisanal mining cooperative COMAKAT, who signed an agreement in 2010 with the previous majority owners of the
Mutanda, the
357:
Just north of the main Mutanda deposit is the Shabara open pit mine. Shabara lies within the exploitation area held by Mutanda Mining Sarl (MUMI), where
662:
958:
1251:
1070:
1276:
637:
96:
1200:
855:
611:
301:
930:
274:
1377:
1046:"Mutanda Mining should assume responsibility for polluting the Luakusha River and the Kando Lake and for destroying population's farms"
827:
450:
holding the other 20%. In 2011, GĂ©camines sold its shares to Rowny Assets Limited, a company associated with Israeli billionaire
84:
288:
runs about 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) from the southern boundary. There is grid electricity, and a 13.5MW standby generator.
1387:
720:"An Obsolescing Bargain in a Rentier State: Multinationals, Artisanal Miners, and Cobalt in the Democratic Republic of Congo"
615:
1178:
1129:
322:
Large-scale industrial mining in the DRC has also been critiqued for its corruption, perpetuation of poverty, and violence.
1020:
1224:
455:
201:. Acquisition and operation of the mine has been fraught with corruption, secrecy, and improper business dealings.
507:
1150:
250:
208:'s administration announced plans to renegotiate rights and royalties to the mine as it was poised to reopen.
980:
270:
876:
1095:
386:
297:
780:
486:. This brought their effective stake in Mutanda to about 60%, and left a remaining 25.5% portion of
249:. This has created a mining boom for cobalt, copper, and other minerals critical for manufacture of
234:
205:
1302:
472:
804:
409:
285:
545:
478:
In 2012, Glencore paid $ 340 million and took on $ 140 million in debt to increase its share of
856:"GLENCORE IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: PROFIT BEFORE HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE ENVIRONMENT"
796:
741:
587:
390:
788:
731:
385:
Bread for all and Catholic Lenten Fund, an NGO that has written several reports documenting
358:
312:
305:
278:
238:
191:
179:
74:
511:
342:
246:
171:
330:
In 2011, the mine produced over 63,700 tonnes of copper and over 7,900 tonnes of cobalt.
308:(where Mutanda mine is located), and 80% of people lacked drinking water or electricity.
784:
620:
the mine would be placed on care and maintenance for a period of no less than two years
394:
222:
Katanga province is a geologic anomaly with rich copper deposits that are part of the
1366:
808:
398:
184:
316:
157:
494:, which Glencore had set up a deal to acquire in December 2013 for $ 430 million.
447:
419:
Twenty people were killed when a truck carrying acid overturned in February 2019.
345:
plant for crushing, screening, milling, pre-leaching, leaching, clarification and
190:
The complex contains two mines, the main Mutanda mine and the Shabara mine, where
442:
By 2011, Glencore operated the mine and had a 40% stake through a 50% holding in
451:
333:
The mine produced 199,000 tonnes of copper and 27,300 tonnes of cobalt in 2018.
266:
792:
1252:"Glencore to Pay $ 534 Million for Gertler's Stakes in Two Congo Copper Mines"
223:
1326:
1071:"Element Africa: Deadly violence and massive graft at Tanzania and DRC mines"
901:
800:
745:
736:
719:
591:
111:
98:
369:, allowing COMAKAT to exploit the pit. About 20,000 people work at Shabara.
261:
The Mutanda Mine lies about 40 kilometres (25 mi) to the southeast of
612:"Glencore closes Mutanda mine, 20% of global cobalt supply comes offline"
510:
filed a criminal complaint against Glencore following revelations in the
459:
427:
198:
416:
compensation for medical bills, although the case was pending in 2018.
262:
230:
141:
136:
578:
Wild, Franz; Kavanagh, Michael J.; Ferziger, Jonathan (2012-12-29).
546:"Glencore says to re-start Congo's Mutanda mine towards end of 2021"
663:"Glencore Cobalt Mine Scrutinized as Congo Revisits Foreign Deals"
346:
1327:"DR Congo: Miner Glencore pays $ 180m in latest corruption case"
923:"Glencore: Congo Mutanda Copper Expansion On Track For December"
580:"Dan Gertler earns billions as mine deals fail to enrich Congo"
341:
Facilities include a dense media separation concentrator and a
311:
Non-government organisations and media reports have found that
1151:"CORRECTED-Report criticises secrecy in Congo's mining sector"
408:
In 2014–2015, an acidic water retention pond spilled into the
1122:"Glencore's DRC subsidiaries could be in hot financial water"
955:"Glencore CEO: Plan To Combine Congo Kansuki, Mutanda Assets"
430:
acquired its initial 30% stake in the mine in June 2007 from
1355:
Phones come at the price of shattered health and environment
1277:"Paradise Papers prompt criminal complaint against Glencore"
1201:"IMF Asks Congo for Explanation on State Mining Assets Sale"
1303:"Glencore faces additional legal challenge over Congo mine"
389:
impacts of mining in the province, concluded that frequent
446:, which in turn held 80% of Mutanda, with the state-owned
412:. In 2017, another acid spill contaminated nearby fields.
981:"DR Congo's faltering fight against illegal cobalt mines"
638:"DR Congo's faltering fight against illegal cobalt mines"
929:. Dow Jones Newswires. November 17, 2011. Archived from
1225:"Glencore takes control of Mutanda with $ 480 mln deal"
397:
facilities have negatively impacted community members'
315:
in the DRC is plagued with safety and health problems,
218:
Mining industry of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
877:"Accident at Glencore mine kills at least 41 in Congo"
1383:
Cobalt mines in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
1373:
Copper mines in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
1096:"Acid truck spill kills 20 near Glencore Congo mine"
1010:"Glencore in the DR Congo: incomplete due diligence"
273:
directly to the west. The property is also close to
46:
1199:Michael J. Kavanagh and Franz Wild (Sep 28, 2011).
153:
148:
132:
127:
90:
80:
68:
28:
1250:
377:At the end of 2010 MUMI was employing 930 people.
522:corruption" during the period from 2007 to 2018.
518:saying Brown's stake was sold in 2004 and 2005.
949:
947:
300:from this immense mineral wealth. In 2009, the
178:) is an open-pit copper and cobalt mine in the
822:
820:
818:
237:. Some estimates indicate a 5000% increase in
539:
537:
535:
296:In the DRC, people living around these mines
8:
241:manufacture between 2016 and 2030 to meet CO
19:
16:Copper mine in Democratic Republic of Congo
482:from 50% to 74.49%, and for a 1% stake in
304:reported a 70% poverty rate in the former
18:
957:. Dow Jones. Aug 25, 2011. Archived from
735:
687:Shengo, Michel Lutandula (January 2018).
531:
506:In 2017, a Swiss watchdog organisation
471:Glencore also indirectly owns 37.5% of
1173:
1171:
1004:
1002:
1000:
849:
847:
773:The Extractive Industries and Society
7:
764:Sovacool, Benjamin K. (2019-07-01).
759:
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713:
711:
709:
632:
630:
628:
573:
571:
569:
567:
565:
458:asked state-owned mining companies
863:Bread For All Catholic Lenten Fund
828:"Mineral Experts Report - Mutanda"
14:
979:Livingstone, Emmet (2022-11-02).
544:Holland, Hereward (2021-06-22).
292:Criticism of DRC mining industry
85:Democratic Republic of the Congo
45:
38:
833:. Golder Associates. 4 May 2011
467:Further acquisition by Glencore
194:(digging by hand) takes place.
1249:Scott Patterson (2017-02-13).
1179:"Secret Sales Memo (download)"
616:Benchmark Mineral Intelligence
1:
1120:Cornish, Laura (2018-03-09).
724:Frontiers in Energy Research
438:Secret sales of state assets
298:do not receive many benefits
1075:Mongabay Environmental News
456:International Monetary Fund
265:in the Roan formation. The
224:Central African Copper Belt
1404:
1378:Mining in Lualaba Province
1301:Ross, Aaron (2018-06-08).
793:10.1016/j.exis.2019.05.018
393:near Mutanda mine and the
269:is directly east, and the
251:electric vehicle batteries
215:
1017:Bread for All Lenten Fund
33:
1044:afrewatch (2020-10-20).
737:10.3389/fenrg.2018.00123
326:Resources and production
302:UN Development Programme
245:emission targets in the
1205:Bloomberg Business Week
854:Peyer, Chantal (2012).
317:human rights violations
275:national road number 39
233:is used to manufacture
1019:. 2018. Archived from
718:Zeuner, Brett (2018).
1388:Environmental justice
1186:www.globalwitness.org
395:Kamoto Copper Company
387:environmental justice
235:lithium-ion batteries
197:The mine is owned by
693:www.researchgate.net
618:. 28 November 2019.
271:Kalumbwe Myunga mine
785:2019ExIS....6..915S
492:High Grade Minerals
139:: 199,000 t (2018)
112:10.7858°S 25.8082°E
108: /
25:
498:the Mutanda mine.
343:hydrometallurgical
961:on April 25, 2012
444:Samref Congo Sprl
164:
163:
144:: 27,300 t (2018)
117:-10.7858; 25.8082
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359:artisanal mining
313:artisanal mining
306:Katanga province
279:Benguela railway
239:electric vehicle
206:FĂ©lix Tshisekedi
192:artisanal mining
180:Lualaba Province
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480:Samref Overseas
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391:chemical spills
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229:Globally, most
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1188:. May 9, 2012.
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1358:Swissinfo.ch
1357:
1335:. Retrieved
1333:. 2022-12-05
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1310:. Retrieved
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1285:. Retrieved
1283:. 2017-12-21
1281:the Guardian
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1231:. 2012-05-22
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1157:. 2015-02-02
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1130:the original
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1102:. 2019-02-22
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1079:. Retrieved
1077:. 2022-12-31
1074:
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1054:. Retrieved
1049:
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1028:. Retrieved
1021:the original
1016:
988:. Retrieved
984:
974:
963:. Retrieved
959:the original
935:. Retrieved
931:the original
927:EPC Engineer
926:
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906:. Retrieved
896:
885:. Retrieved
883:. 2019-06-27
880:
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835:. Retrieved
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669:. 2022-04-22
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644:. 2022-11-02
641:
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553:. Retrieved
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484:Samref Congo
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168:Mutanda Mine
167:
165:
158:Glencore plc
55:
53:Mutanda Mine
22:
20:Mutanda Mine
1052:(in French)
452:Dan Gertler
410:Kando River
286:Kando River
267:Deziwa mine
115: /
91:Coordinates
1367:Categories
1337:2023-01-15
1312:2022-08-04
1287:2023-01-16
1262:2021-12-07
1235:2022-11-04
1210:2011-11-16
1161:2023-01-15
1136:2022-08-04
1106:2023-01-14
1081:2023-01-14
1056:2023-01-14
1030:2023-01-16
990:2022-11-03
985:Yahoo News
965:2011-11-17
937:2011-11-17
908:2011-11-17
904:. Glencore
887:2023-01-15
837:2011-11-17
698:August 22,
673:2023-01-17
648:2023-01-17
597:2023-01-16
555:2021-12-07
526:References
508:Public Eye
363:Dino Steel
337:Facilities
212:Background
133:Production
128:Production
103:25°48′30″E
100:10°47′09″S
1050:Afrewatch
809:199307396
801:2214-790X
746:2296-598X
592:0190-8286
448:GĂ©camines
423:Ownership
1331:BBC News
502:Lawsuits
460:Sodimico
428:Glencore
277:and the
257:Location
199:Glencore
70:Province
29:Location
1307:Reuters
1229:Reuters
1155:Reuters
1100:Reuters
881:Reuters
781:Bibcode
550:Reuters
473:Kansuki
353:Shabara
263:Kolwezi
154:Company
81:Country
75:Lualaba
807:
799:
744:
590:
381:Spills
373:Impact
231:cobalt
172:French
160:(100%)
142:Cobalt
137:Copper
1182:(PDF)
1024:(PDF)
1013:(PDF)
859:(PDF)
831:(PDF)
805:S2CID
769:(PDF)
347:SX/EW
149:Owner
797:ISSN
742:ISSN
700:2024
588:ISSN
284:The
166:The
1257:WSJ
789:doi
732:doi
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