63:
406:
934:
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team of 26 inspectors, excavated six sections of buildings at
Muthanna and searched a number of other areas and buildings. During this mission, the team discovered and retrieved documents and computer discs. In addition, the team removed some 80 munitions and components, including 122 mm chemical artillery shells and 155 mm "binary" chemical artillery shells.
637:
After their destruction in coalition airstrikes of
February 1991, access to the buildings had been considered impossible due to safety considerations. Nevertheless, UNSCOM decided that it should make a major effort to excavate the site. From 24 February to 10 March 1996, UNSCOM 129B, an international
633:
Munitions that had been considered unstable and too dangerous for destruction were sealed into barrels and buried in two sealed cruciform bunkers. When the bunkers damaged by coalition airstrikes collapsed, unaccounted
Chemical Weapons equipment and munitions were concealed in the debris.
510:
Chemical
Destruction Group operated at this site to eliminate remaining precursor materials, destroy production plants and equipment, and hydrolyse or burn remaining chemical warfare agents. Muthana was also the initial location for Iraq's biological weapons program (1985-1987).
612:
Al
Muthanna essentially ceased production in December 1990 and refocused resources on dispersing Chemical Weapons stockpiles and equipment for protection against the anticipated bombing campaigns, which started in January 1991. During the
519:
Muthana State
Establishment was built in the early 1980s under the guise of a pesticide production plant dubbed "The State Enterprise for Pesticide Production" or "SEPP" (its name changed later to Muthana State Establishment).
567:
started at 10 tons of agent production in 1981 and increased around 80-100 tons per year until 1985 when the facility produced 350 tons. In 1987 Iraq produced almost 900 tons of mustard agents and 500 tons in 1988.
629:
destroyed 30,000 pieces of ordnance, 480,000 liters of chemical agents, and more than 2 million liters of chemical precursors. Eventually, most of the facilities at the complex were destroyed or sold for scrap.
530:
German companies helped Iraq to build
Muthana facilities such as laboratories, an administrative building, bunkers in the early 1980s. Other German companies provided Iraq with 1,027 tons of precursors of
625:
Between 1992 and 1994 the
Muthana site was the main collection and destruction site for chemical warfare agents, precursor chemicals, and chemical production equipment. Between 1992 and 1994, the
392:
617:, production laboratories and facilities were destroyed. In addition one storage bunker was destroyed because of secondary explosion, and two others bunkers were severely damaged.
435:
555:
Between 1981 and 1991, Muthana establishment produced over 3,857 tons of chemical weapons agents part of them has been used against
Iranian forces and civilian Kurdish.
873:
844:
336:
137:
954:
341:
388:
296:
291:
815:
767:
742:
316:
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246:
29:
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in all. This work allowed Iraq to produce 150 tons of mustard agent and 60 tons of tabun in 1983 and 1984 respectively, continuing throughout the decade.
346:
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This Iraqi chemical weapon program was assisted by a wide variety of companies and governments, with the largest contributions from
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The site operated continuously from 1983 to 1991, producing thousands of tons of precursors and chemical warfare agents, including
793:
707:
592:. Production of sarin constantly increased. In 1987 and 1988 Muthana facility produced 209 and 394 tons of sarin, respectively.
679:
221:
78:
362:
924:
979:
881:
852:
372:
768:"Comprehensive Report of the Special Advisor to the DCI on Iraq's WMD, Chapter 5 - Iraq's Chemical Warfare Program"
90:
823:
771:
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367:
128:
471:) was Iraq's main chemical weapons research, development, and production facility. It is located in
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540:
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743:"Comprehensive Report of the Special Advisor to the DCI on Iraq's WMD, Chapter 4 - Nuclear"
17:
483:. This mega facility covering an area 100 km, contained three main production areas.
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in 1988 before ending production due to the end of the Iran-Iraq War.
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874:"Al Muthanna Chemical Weapons Complex — Central Intelligence Agency"
845:"Al Muthanna Chemical Weapons Complex — Central Intelligence Agency"
589:
536:
491:
794:"Leaked Report Says German and US Firms Supplied Arms to Saddam"
816:"Iraq's Chemical Warfare Program — Central Intelligence Agency"
680:"What Iraq Admitted About its Chemical Weapons Program"
903:"Muthanna / Samarra - Iraq Special Weapons Facilities"
656:"Muthanna / Samarra - Iraq Special Weapons Facilities"
922:
576:
Muthana facility produced between 60 and 80 tons of
69:
469:State Enterprise for Pesticide Production (SEPP)
429:
8:
708:"Iraq's Purchases in the A-Bomb Supermarket"
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422:
97:
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502:. The site was heavily bombed during the
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136:
105:
89:
82:Location of Muthana state establishment
7:
955:Iraq and weapons of mass destruction
770:. September 30, 2004. Archived from
745:. September 30, 2004. Archived from
792:Tony Paterson (December 18, 2002).
717:: E5. July 18, 1993. Archived from
588:In 1984 Muthana produced 5 tons of
460:
25:
932:
580:annually between 1984 and 1986.
463:) (also known for its code-name
405:
404:
68:
61:
960:Iraqi chemical weapons program
1:
600:Muthana produced 2.5 tons of
479:, 140 km north west of
975:Research institutes in Iraq
970:1983 establishments in Iraq
965:Chemical warfare facilities
449:Muthana State Establishment
91:Weapons of mass destruction
18:Muthana state establishment
996:
475:40 km south west of
506:. From 1992 to 1994 the
621:Between 1991 and 2003
45:33.85750°N 43.82972°E
798:The Independent (UK)
79:class=notpageimage|
980:Saladin Governorate
473:Saladin Governorate
461:منشأة المثنى العامة
41: /
715:The New York Times
50:33.85750; 43.82972
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16:(Redirected from
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880:. Archived from
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851:. Archived from
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822:. Archived from
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804:on May 27, 2013.
800:. Archived from
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682:. Archived from
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389:List of treaties
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467:and cover name
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563:Production of
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689:on 2006-05-04
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355:Proliferation
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342:United States
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910:. Retrieved
906:
897:
886:. Retrieved
882:the original
877:
868:
857:. Retrieved
853:the original
848:
839:
828:. Retrieved
824:the original
819:
810:
802:the original
797:
787:
776:. Retrieved
772:the original
762:
751:. Retrieved
747:the original
737:
726:. Retrieved
719:the original
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702:
691:. Retrieved
684:the original
674:
663:. Retrieved
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599:
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525:West Germany
522:
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297:South Africa
292:Saudi Arabia
286:Soviet Union
129:Radiological
26:
878:www.cia.gov
849:www.cia.gov
820:www.cia.gov
545:tear gasses
533:mustard gas
488:mustard gas
465:Project 922
317:Switzerland
302:South Korea
262:Philippines
252:North Korea
247:Netherlands
48: /
949:Categories
912:2015-06-03
888:2015-06-03
859:2015-06-03
830:2015-06-03
778:2007-09-13
753:2007-09-13
728:2006-04-28
693:2006-04-28
665:2015-06-03
642:References
551:Production
515:Foundation
347:Yugoslavia
138:By country
114:Biological
36:43°49′47″E
33:33°51′27″N
162:Australia
157:Argentina
615:Gulf War
608:Gulf War
504:Gulf War
453:Muthanna
410:Category
381:Treaties
373:Missiles
363:Chemical
272:Rhodesia
257:Pakistan
172:Bulgaria
119:Chemical
907:fas.org
660:fas.org
565:mustard
559:Mustard
481:Baghdad
477:Samarra
368:Nuclear
332:Ukraine
277:Romania
242:Myanmar
197:Germany
152:Algeria
147:Albania
124:Nuclear
106:By type
925:Portal
627:UNSCOM
543:, and
508:UNSCOM
498:, and
457:Arabic
327:Taiwan
312:Sweden
282:Russia
267:Poland
237:Mexico
217:Israel
192:France
177:Canada
167:Brazil
722:(PDF)
711:(PDF)
687:(GIF)
590:sarin
584:Sarin
578:tabun
572:Tabun
541:tabun
537:sarin
496:tabun
492:sarin
322:Syria
307:Spain
232:Libya
227:Japan
222:Italy
202:India
187:Egypt
182:China
939:Iraq
212:Iraq
207:Iran
451:or
951::
905:.
876:.
847:.
818:.
796:.
713:.
658:.
602:VX
596:VX
539:,
535:,
527:.
500:VX
494:,
490:,
459::
927::
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891:.
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781:.
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731:.
696:.
668:.
455:(
437:e
430:t
423:v
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391:(
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284:(
20:)
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