385:, culture methods are unreliable for diagnosis. Molecular biology-based genotyping has improved identification. In particular, "spoligotyping" or "spacer oligonucleotide typing", is a rapid polymerase chain reaction-based method for genotyping strains in the MTBC. Recently, lateral flow rapid tests have been developed based on the mpt64 antigen found in all members of the MTBC.
199:
type 1, West
African 1 (MAF1), and is classified based on a characteristic deletion of Region of Differentiation (RD) 711. MAF1 is commonly found around the Gulf of Guinea. MTBC lineage 6 is also known as
833:
de Jong, B.; Hill, P.; Aiken, A.; Awine, T.; Martin, A.; Adetifa, I.; Jackson-Sillah, D.; Fox, A.; DeRiemer, K.; Gagneux, S.; Borgdorff, M.; McAdam, K.; Corrah, T.; Small, P.; Adegbola, R. (2008).
2742:
1062:
de Jong, B.; Hill, P.; Brookes, R.; Otu, J.; Peterson, K.; Small, P.; Adegbola, R. (14 October 2005). "Mycobacterium africanum: a new opportunistic pathogen in HIV infection?".
882:
de Jong, B.; Hill, P.; Brookes, R.; Otu, J.; Peterson, K.; Small, P.; Adegbola, R. (14 October 2005). "Mycobacterium africanum: a new opportunistic pathogen in HIV infection?".
304:
may be being outcompeted by other Mtb lineages in other regions; however, genetic studies have found no difference in the number of virulence genes or genetic diversity between
365:
also has notable differences in lipid catabolism and metabolism. Additionally, virulence pathways such as the dosR/Rv0081 regulon or ESAT-6 regulation are disrupted in
2716:
285:
is most commonly found in West
African countries. It is an infection of humans only and is spread by an airborne route from individuals with open cases of disease.
2755:
1461:
1021:
Yeboah-Manu, Dorothy; de Jong, Bouke C.; Gehre, Florian (2017). "The
Biology and Epidemiology of Mycobacterium africanum". In Sebastien Gagneux (ed.).
980:
Yeboah-Manu, Dorothy; de Jong, Bouke C.; Gehre, Florian (2017). "The
Biology and Epidemiology of Mycobacterium africanum". In Sebastien Gagneux (ed.).
792:
Yeboah-Manu, Dorothy; de Jong, Bouke C.; Gehre, Florian (2017). "The
Biology and Epidemiology of Mycobacterium africanum". In Sebastien Gagneux (ed.).
649:
Yeboah-Manu, Dorothy; de Jong, Bouke C.; Gehre, Florian (2017). "The
Biology and Epidemiology of Mycobacterium africanum". In Sebastien Gagneux (ed.).
608:
Yeboah-Manu, Dorothy; de Jong, Bouke C.; Gehre, Florian (2017). "The
Biology and Epidemiology of Mycobacterium africanum". In Sebastien Gagneux (ed.).
2703:
2729:
1177:
1038:
997:
809:
666:
625:
2811:
262:
shows catalase activity, is nitrate negative, and is susceptible to thiopene-2-carboxylic acid hydrazide (TCH) and pyrazinamide (PZA).
1304:
1246:
185:
170:
2121:
2403:
2096:
2282:
1955:
1914:
1799:
351:
give rise to the lower pathogenicity of the former. However, it is known that the Region of
Difference 9 (RD9) is lacking in
2734:
1025:. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 1019. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 117–133.
984:. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 1019. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 117–133.
796:. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 1019. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 117–133.
653:. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 1019. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 117–133.
612:. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 1019. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 117–133.
2482:
2359:
2295:
2437:
2184:
1870:
1714:
1449:
254:
is grown in pyruvate-containing media under low oxygen conditions, and forms characteristic "dysgonic" colonies. Unlike
2454:
2272:
2031:
1863:
1439:
1412:
1356:
1199:
1190:
835:"Progression to Active Tuberculosis, but Not Transmission, Varies by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lineage in The Gambia"
2655:
204:
type 1, West
African 2 (MAF2), and is classified based on a deletion of RD702. MAF2 is prevalent in Western Africa.
2796:
2366:
2241:
2068:
1551:
1388:
1381:
1253:
1170:
2760:
1328:
1134:
2563:
2556:
2476:
2443:
2343:
2315:
2208:
2174:
2112:
2082:
2052:
1973:
1948:
1895:
1857:
1571:
1532:
2595:
2588:
2515:
2416:
2309:
2225:
2075:
1661:
1295:
296:
branched at an early stage from modern Mtb lineages in
America, Europe and Asia. Some research suggests that
292:
is limited to West Africa, with only sporadic cases found in other regions. Phylogenetic evidence shows that
158:
that is most commonly found in West African countries, where it is estimated to cause up to 40% of pulmonary
2549:
2535:
2528:
2491:
2423:
2375:
2321:
2288:
2196:
2190:
2167:
2059:
2016:
1844:
1792:
1721:
1701:
1694:
1624:
1593:
1539:
1485:
1349:
332:
327:
is more likely to progress from infection to causing disease in an HIV positive patient. In countries where
235:, based on biochemical testing by Castets in 1968. Early genetic analysis showed that it was distinct from
2617:
2570:
2542:
2431:
2219:
2202:
2103:
1995:
1926:
1876:
1805:
1758:
1638:
1506:
1473:
1342:
1281:
227:
was first described as a subspecies within the MTBC, with phenotypic characteristics intermediate between
1023:
Strain Variation in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex: Its Role in Biology, Epidemiology and Control
982:
Strain Variation in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex: Its Role in Biology, Epidemiology and Control
794:
Strain Variation in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex: Its Role in Biology, Epidemiology and Control
651:
Strain Variation in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex: Its Role in Biology, Epidemiology and Control
610:
Strain Variation in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex: Its Role in Biology, Epidemiology and Control
2806:
2801:
2410:
2301:
2260:
2089:
2036:
2009:
2002:
1932:
1850:
1765:
1752:
1738:
1632:
1618:
1581:
1336:
1316:
1310:
1274:
1204:
1163:
126:
407:
patients are likely to be HIV positive, they may have higher mortality from other HIV-related disease.
323:
organism but is less likely to progress to clinical disease in an immunocompetent individual. However,
2690:
2522:
2497:
2460:
2350:
2266:
2158:
2152:
2146:
1883:
1785:
1744:
1707:
1518:
1374:
1288:
934:
2466:
2336:
2231:
1455:
1405:
1260:
432:
Castets, M.; Rist, N.; Boisvert, H. (1969). "La variété africaine du bacille tuberculeux humain".
2397:
31:
2721:
2768:
2677:
1079:
1044:
1034:
1003:
993:
962:
899:
864:
815:
805:
774:
723:
672:
662:
631:
621:
590:
539:
484:
1214:
1208:
1114:
1071:
1026:
985:
952:
942:
891:
854:
846:
797:
764:
754:
713:
703:
654:
613:
580:
570:
529:
519:
474:
464:
90:
2773:
743:"Mycobacterium africanum—Review of an Important Cause of Human Tuberculosis in West Africa"
692:"Mycobacterium africanum—Review of an Important Cause of Human Tuberculosis in West Africa"
559:"Mycobacterium africanum—Review of an Important Cause of Human Tuberculosis in West Africa"
453:"Mycobacterium africanum—Review of an Important Cause of Human Tuberculosis in West Africa"
1155:
78:
1075:
938:
895:
2747:
1220:
859:
834:
769:
742:
718:
691:
585:
558:
534:
503:
479:
452:
54:
957:
918:
2790:
2330:
1827:
1610:
1496:
1186:
103:
66:
2682:
159:
759:
708:
575:
469:
2649:
1030:
989:
801:
658:
617:
2640:
243:
nucleotide sequence, and distinct from M. bovis due to an intact RD12 and RD4.
1119:
1102:
524:
1083:
1048:
1007:
966:
947:
903:
868:
819:
778:
727:
676:
635:
594:
543:
488:
399:
tuberculosis is treated with an identical regime to tuberculosis caused by
2634:
42:
2669:
1142:
377:
Because of the similar symptoms and different growth conditions between
2708:
2664:
1367:
270:, typically taking 10 weeks to develop colonies rather than 3 to 4 for
2611:
391:
has a lower rate of progression from latency to active disease than
850:
2695:
2615:
1159:
343:
It is not fully understood how the genetic differences between
208:
type 2, East African, was previously recognized as a strain of
1101:
Skerman, V.B.D.; McGowan, V.; Sneath, P.H.A. (January 1980).
917:
Brosch R, Gordon SV, Marmiesse M, et al. (March 2002).
741:
de Jong, B.; Antonio, M.; Gagneux, S. (28 September 2010).
690:
de Jong, B.; Antonio, M.; Gagneux, S. (28 September 2010).
557:
de Jong, B.; Antonio, M.; Gagneux, S. (28 September 2010).
451:
de Jong, B.; Antonio, M.; Gagneux, S. (28 September 2010).
502:
Vasconcellos SE, Huard RC, Niemann S, et al. (2010).
504:"Distinct genotypic profiles of the two major clades of
319:
It has a similar degree of infectivity to the regular
216:
genotype "Uganda" in a sublineage of MTBC lineage 4.
2624:
2580:
2507:
2389:
2251:
2138:
2131:
2044:
2030:
1987:
1965:
1826:
1819:
1777:
1731:
1686:
1677:
1650:
1609:
1563:
1431:
1424:
1238:
1229:
1198:
403:. The overall rate of cure is similar, but as more
288:It is not fully understood why the distribution of
316:despite having been found various wild animals.
312:. No animal reservoir has been identified for
162:. The symptoms of infection resemble those of
1171:
8:
191:(MTBC), with lineages 5 and 6 classified as
239:due to a genomic RD9 deletion and distinct
2612:
2135:
2041:
1823:
1683:
1428:
1235:
1226:
1178:
1164:
1156:
20:
1118:
956:
946:
858:
768:
758:
717:
707:
584:
574:
533:
523:
478:
468:
300:is adapted to west African populations.
424:
331:is endemic, it represents an important
1151:– the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
184:There are seven major lineages in the
919:"A new evolutionary scenario for the
7:
335:of the later stages of HIV disease.
1103:"Approved Lists of Bacterial Names"
1076:10.1097/01.aids.0000185991.54595.41
896:10.1097/01.aids.0000185991.54595.41
839:The Journal of Infectious Diseases
212:; it was recently reclassified as
14:
747:PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
696:PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
563:PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
457:PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
142:Castets et al. 1969, ATCC 25420
1:
1139:in the NCBI Taxonomy Browser
927:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
760:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000744
709:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000744
576:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000744
470:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000744
266:is also slower growing than
1031:10.1007/978-3-319-64371-7_6
990:10.1007/978-3-319-64371-7_6
802:10.1007/978-3-319-64371-7_6
659:10.1007/978-3-319-64371-7_6
618:10.1007/978-3-319-64371-7_6
2828:
2812:Bacteria described in 1969
921:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
379:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
214:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
187:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
172:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
1120:10.1099/00207713-30-1-225
132:
125:
32:Scientific classification
30:
23:
434:MĂ©decine d'Afrique Noire
415:ATCC 25420 = CIP 105147
2748:mycobacterium-africanum
2656:Mycobacterium africanum
2626:Mycobacterium africanum
1145:Mycobacterium africanum
1136:Mycobacterium africanum
1107:Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol
525:10.1186/1471-2334-10-80
506:Mycobacterium africanum
333:opportunistic infection
314:Mycobacterium africanum
210:Mycobacterium africanum
193:Mycobacterium africanum
151:Mycobacterium africanum
136:Mycobacterium africanum
25:Mycobacterium africanum
2122:M. fluoroanthenivorans
948:10.1073/pnas.052548299
169:It is a member of the
1357:M. ulcerans liflandii
1239:M. tuberculosis group
2404:M. thermoresistibile
2097:M. frederiksbergense
1966:M. intermedium group
1943:M. interjectum group
1564:M. haemophilum group
195:. MTBC lineage 5 is
16:Species of bacterium
2581:M. elephantis group
2283:M. chlorophenolicum
1956:M. saskatchewanense
1915:M. parascrofulaceum
1800:M. nonchromogenicum
1651:M. conspicuum group
939:2002PNAS...99.3684B
2483:M. madagascariense
2390:M. smegmatis group
2360:M. austroafricanum
2296:M. psychrotolerans
2139:M. fortuitum group
1778:M. hiberniae group
2797:Acid-fast bacilli
2784:
2783:
2769:Open Tree of Life
2618:Taxon identifiers
2609:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2508:M. chelonae group
2438:M. conceptionense
2385:
2384:
2185:M. neworleansense
2045:M. neoaurum group
2026:
2025:
1983:
1982:
1871:M. heidelbergense
1815:
1814:
1715:M. heckeshornense
1673:
1672:
1611:M. gordonae group
1605:
1604:
1450:M. intracellulare
1432:M. kansasii group
1329:M. pseudoshottsii
1070:(15): 1714–1715.
1040:978-3-319-64371-7
999:978-3-319-64371-7
890:(15): 1714–1715.
811:978-3-319-64371-7
668:978-3-319-64371-7
627:978-3-319-64371-7
147:
146:
118:M. africanum
2819:
2777:
2776:
2764:
2763:
2751:
2750:
2738:
2737:
2725:
2724:
2712:
2711:
2699:
2698:
2686:
2685:
2673:
2672:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2613:
2470:
2455:M. novocastrense
2447:
2325:
2276:
2273:M. parafortuitum
2235:
2212:
2136:
2042:
1944:
1907:
1906:M. kubicae group
1864:M. montefiorense
1837:
1824:
1732:M. celatum group
1684:
1499:
1467:paratuberculosis
1442:
1429:
1413:M. kumamotonense
1398:
1370:
1307:
1249:
1236:
1227:
1215:scotochromogenic
1209:photochromogenic
1180:
1173:
1166:
1157:
1124:
1122:
1088:
1087:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1018:
1012:
1011:
977:
971:
970:
960:
950:
914:
908:
907:
879:
873:
872:
862:
845:(7): 1037–1043.
830:
824:
823:
789:
783:
782:
772:
762:
738:
732:
731:
721:
711:
687:
681:
680:
646:
640:
639:
605:
599:
598:
588:
578:
554:
548:
547:
537:
527:
499:
493:
492:
482:
472:
448:
442:
441:
429:
154:is a species of
138:
91:Mycobacteriaceae
21:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2816:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2772:
2767:
2759:
2754:
2746:
2741:
2733:
2728:
2720:
2715:
2707:
2702:
2694:
2689:
2681:
2676:
2668:
2663:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2639:
2638:
2633:
2620:
2610:
2601:
2576:
2503:
2452:
2429:
2381:
2367:M. pyrenivorans
2307:
2258:
2252:M. vaccae group
2247:
2242:M. farcinogenes
2217:
2182:
2127:
2069:M. canariasense
2035:
2032:Rapidly growing
2022:
1979:
1961:
1942:
1905:
1836:M. simiae group
1835:
1828:M. simiae clade
1811:
1773:
1727:
1687:M. xenopi group
1679:
1669:
1646:
1601:
1559:
1552:M. scrofulaceum
1495:
1438:
1420:
1396:
1389:M. lepromatosis
1382:M. lepraemurium
1366:
1303:
1254:M. tuberculosis
1245:
1231:
1218:
1212:
1202:
1194:
1184:
1143:Type strain of
1131:
1100:
1097:
1092:
1091:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1041:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1000:
979:
978:
974:
916:
915:
911:
881:
880:
876:
832:
831:
827:
812:
791:
790:
786:
740:
739:
735:
689:
688:
684:
669:
648:
647:
643:
628:
607:
606:
602:
556:
555:
551:
512:BMC Infect. Dis
501:
500:
496:
450:
449:
445:
431:
430:
426:
421:
413:
401:M. tuberculosis
393:M. tuberculosis
375:
357:M. tuberculosis
355:but present in
349:M. tuberculosis
341:
321:M. tuberculosis
306:M. tuberculosis
280:
272:M. tuberculosis
268:M. tuberculosis
256:M. tuberculosis
249:
237:M. tuberculosis
229:M. tuberculosis
222:
182:
164:M. tuberculosis
143:
140:
134:
121:
107:
93:
81:
79:Mycobacteriales
69:
57:
45:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2825:
2823:
2815:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2789:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2765:
2752:
2739:
2726:
2713:
2700:
2687:
2674:
2661:
2646:
2630:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2607:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2592:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2567:
2564:M. massiliense
2560:
2557:M. immunogenum
2553:
2546:
2539:
2532:
2519:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2487:
2486:
2477:M. confluentis
2472:
2471:
2449:
2448:
2444:M. moriokaense
2427:
2420:
2407:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2371:
2370:
2363:
2356:
2355:
2354:
2347:
2344:M. vanbaalenii
2340:
2327:
2326:
2316:M. mucogenicum
2305:
2292:
2278:
2277:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2237:
2236:
2214:
2213:
2209:M. senegalense
2179:
2178:
2175:M. houstonense
2171:
2163:
2162:
2142:
2140:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2117:
2116:
2113:M. brisbanense
2108:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2083:M. diernhoferi
2079:
2072:
2064:
2063:
2056:
2053:M. mageritense
2048:
2046:
2039:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2013:
2006:
1999:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1974:M. intermedium
1969:
1967:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1952:
1949:M. interjectum
1945:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1896:M. lentiflavum
1889:
1888:
1887:
1880:
1867:
1858:M. florentinum
1854:
1838:
1832:
1830:
1821:
1820:Short helix 18
1817:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1796:
1789:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1762:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1725:
1718:
1711:
1698:
1690:
1688:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1615:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1575:
1572:M. haemophilum
1567:
1565:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1536:
1533:M. nebraskense
1525:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1512:
1511:
1510:
1500:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1470:
1459:
1443:
1435:
1433:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1409:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1385:
1378:
1371:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1353:
1346:
1334:
1333:
1332:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1308:
1300:
1299:
1292:
1285:
1278:
1271:
1264:
1257:
1250:
1242:
1240:
1233:
1224:
1221:nonchromogenic
1200:Slowly growing
1196:
1195:
1191:Nontuberculous
1185:
1183:
1182:
1175:
1168:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1140:
1130:
1129:External links
1127:
1126:
1125:
1113:(1): 225–420.
1096:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1054:
1039:
1013:
998:
972:
909:
874:
851:10.1086/591504
825:
810:
784:
733:
682:
667:
641:
626:
600:
549:
494:
443:
423:
422:
420:
417:
412:
409:
374:
371:
340:
337:
279:
276:
248:
245:
221:
218:
181:
178:
145:
144:
141:
130:
129:
123:
122:
115:
113:
109:
108:
101:
99:
95:
94:
89:
87:
83:
82:
77:
75:
71:
70:
65:
63:
59:
58:
55:Actinomycetota
53:
51:
47:
46:
41:
39:
35:
34:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2824:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2775:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2666:
2662:
2657:
2651:
2647:
2642:
2636:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2614:
2598:
2597:
2596:M. holsaticum
2593:
2591:
2590:
2589:M. elephantis
2586:
2585:
2583:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2516:M. komossense
2513:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2462:
2457:
2456:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2445:
2440:
2439:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2417:M. flavescens
2413:
2412:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2333:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2311:
2310:M. aubagnense
2306:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2227:
2226:M. peregrinum
2222:
2221:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2154:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2134:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2076:M. cosmeticum
2073:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2007:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1904:
1903:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1682:
1678:Long helix 18
1676:
1664:
1663:
1662:M. conspicuum
1659:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1494:
1493:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1395:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1296:M. pinnipedii
1293:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1230:Long helix 18
1228:
1225:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1181:
1176:
1174:
1169:
1167:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1058:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1017:
1014:
1009:
1005:
1001:
995:
991:
987:
983:
976:
973:
968:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
940:
936:
933:(6): 3684–9.
932:
928:
924:
922:
913:
910:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
878:
875:
870:
866:
861:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
829:
826:
821:
817:
813:
807:
803:
799:
795:
788:
785:
780:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
752:
748:
744:
737:
734:
729:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
701:
697:
693:
686:
683:
678:
674:
670:
664:
660:
656:
652:
645:
642:
637:
633:
629:
623:
619:
615:
611:
604:
601:
596:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
568:
564:
560:
553:
550:
545:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
517:
513:
509:
507:
498:
495:
490:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
462:
458:
454:
447:
444:
439:
435:
428:
425:
418:
416:
410:
408:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
384:
380:
372:
370:
368:
364:
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
338:
336:
334:
330:
326:
322:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
286:
284:
277:
275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
246:
244:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
219:
217:
215:
211:
207:
203:
198:
194:
190:
188:
179:
177:
175:
173:
167:
165:
161:
157:
156:Mycobacterium
153:
152:
139:
137:
131:
128:
127:Binomial name
124:
120:
119:
114:
111:
110:
106:
105:
104:Mycobacterium
100:
97:
96:
92:
88:
85:
84:
80:
76:
73:
72:
68:
67:Actinomycetia
64:
61:
60:
56:
52:
49:
48:
44:
40:
37:
36:
33:
29:
26:
22:
19:
2807:Mycobacteria
2802:Tuberculosis
2625:
2594:
2587:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2550:M. abscessus
2548:
2541:
2536:M. aichiense
2534:
2529:M. tokaiense
2527:
2521:
2514:
2496:
2492:M. smegmatis
2490:
2481:
2475:
2465:
2459:
2453:
2442:
2436:
2430:
2424:M. monacense
2422:
2415:
2409:
2402:
2396:
2376:M. poriferae
2374:
2365:
2358:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2322:M. phocaicum
2320:
2314:
2308:
2300:
2294:
2289:M. chubuense
2287:
2281:
2271:
2265:
2259:
2240:
2230:
2224:
2218:
2207:
2201:
2197:M. fortuitum
2195:
2191:M. boenickei
2189:
2183:
2173:
2168:M. rhodesiae
2166:
2157:
2151:
2145:
2120:
2111:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2060:M. wolinskyi
2058:
2051:
2017:M. arosiense
2015:
2008:
2001:
1994:
1972:
1954:
1947:
1931:
1925:
1913:
1894:
1882:
1875:
1869:
1862:
1856:
1849:
1845:M. genavense
1843:
1804:
1798:
1793:M. hiberniae
1791:
1784:
1764:
1757:
1743:
1722:M. hassiacum
1720:
1713:
1706:
1702:M. shimoidei
1700:
1695:M. botniense
1693:
1660:
1637:
1625:M. asiaticum
1623:
1594:M. malmoense
1592:
1580:
1570:
1550:
1540:M. seoulense
1538:
1531:
1517:
1505:
1486:M. bohemicum
1484:
1472:
1466:
1462:
1454:
1448:
1411:
1404:
1387:
1380:
1373:
1355:
1348:
1341:
1327:
1315:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1273:
1268:M. africanum
1267:
1266:
1259:
1252:
1187:Mycobacteria
1148:
1144:
1135:
1110:
1106:
1095:Bibliography
1067:
1063:
1057:
1022:
1016:
981:
975:
930:
926:
920:
912:
887:
883:
877:
842:
838:
828:
793:
787:
750:
746:
736:
699:
695:
685:
650:
644:
609:
603:
566:
562:
552:
515:
511:
505:
497:
460:
456:
446:
437:
433:
427:
414:
405:M. africanum
404:
400:
397:M. africanum
396:
392:
389:M. africanum
388:
387:
382:
378:
376:
367:M. africanum
366:
363:M. africanum
362:
361:
356:
353:M. africanum
352:
348:
345:M. africanum
344:
342:
339:Pathogenesis
329:M. africanum
328:
325:M. africanum
324:
320:
318:
313:
310:M. africanum
309:
305:
302:M. africanum
301:
298:M. africanum
297:
294:M. africanum
293:
290:M. africanum
289:
287:
283:M. africanum
282:
281:
278:Epidemiology
271:
267:
264:M. africanum
263:
260:M. africanum
259:
255:
252:M. africanum
251:
250:
247:Microbiology
240:
236:
232:
228:
225:M. africanum
224:
223:
213:
209:
206:M. africanum
205:
202:M. africanum
201:
197:M. africanum
196:
192:
186:
183:
171:
168:
163:
160:tuberculosis
155:
150:
149:
148:
135:
133:
117:
116:
102:
24:
18:
2650:Wikispecies
2571:M. bolletii
2543:M. chelonae
2432:M. pulveris
2220:M. septicum
2203:M. porcinum
2104:M. neoaurum
1996:M. triviale
1927:M. palustre
1877:M. parmense
1806:M. arupense
1759:M. branderi
1639:M. gordonae
1507:M. kansasii
1474:M. chimaera
1350:M. shottsii
1343:M. ulcerans
1282:M. canettii
1189:(including
753:(9): e744.
702:(9): e744.
569:(9): e744.
463:(9): e744.
411:Type strain
2791:Categories
2411:M. duvalii
2302:M. sphagni
2261:M. obuense
2132:F/T groups
2090:M. hodleri
2010:M. tusciae
2003:M. doricum
1933:M. kubicae
1851:M. triplex
1766:M. celatum
1582:M. szulgai
1425:K/H groups
1317:M. marinum
1275:M. microti
419:References
2523:M. murale
2498:M. goodii
2461:M. brumae
2351:M. vaccae
2267:M. gilvum
2159:M. gadium
2153:M. fallax
2147:M. chitae
2037:Runyon IV
1988:Ungrouped
1884:M. simiae
1786:M. terrae
1745:M. cookii
1708:M. xenopi
1519:M. gastri
1375:M. leprae
1289:M. caprae
383:africanum
373:Treatment
112:Species:
2722:11098981
2641:Q2918842
2635:Wikidata
2467:M. phlei
2337:M. aurum
2232:M. alvei
1463:M. avium
1456:M. avium
1406:M. lacus
1261:M. bovis
1084:16184053
1049:29116632
1008:29116632
967:11891304
923:complex"
904:16184053
869:18702608
820:29116632
779:20927191
728:20927191
677:29116632
636:29116632
595:20927191
544:20350321
489:20927191
440:: 321–2.
233:M. bovis
180:Taxonomy
86:Family:
50:Phylum:
43:Bacteria
38:Domain:
2709:3225177
2665:BacDive
2398:M. agri
1680:(other)
1368:Leprosy
1232:(TKHGC)
935:Bibcode
860:2597014
770:2946903
719:2946903
586:2946903
535:2859774
480:2946903
220:History
189:complex
174:complex
98:Genus:
74:Order:
62:Class:
2735:963812
2696:971507
2670:149668
1465:subp.
1401:other
1147:at Bac
1082:
1047:
1037:
1006:
996:
965:
958:122584
955:
902:
867:
857:
818:
808:
777:
767:
726:
716:
675:
665:
634:
624:
593:
583:
542:
532:
518:: 80.
487:
477:
2774:71016
2761:33894
2717:IRMNG
2683:44W2K
2756:NCBI
2743:LPSN
2730:ITIS
2704:GBIF
1922:R2S
1910:R3N
1891:R2S
1840:R3N
1657:R2S
1589:R3N
1577:R2S
1547:R3N
1528:R2S
1514:R3N
1502:R1P
1481:R2S
1445:R3N
1324:R2S
1219:R3N=
1213:R2S=
1149:Dive
1080:PMID
1064:AIDS
1045:PMID
1035:ISBN
1004:PMID
994:ISBN
963:PMID
900:PMID
884:AIDS
865:PMID
816:PMID
806:ISBN
775:PMID
724:PMID
673:PMID
663:ISBN
632:PMID
622:ISBN
591:PMID
540:PMID
485:PMID
381:and
347:and
308:and
241:GyrB
231:and
2691:EoL
2678:CoL
1753:R3N
1739:R2S
1633:R2S
1619:R1P
1440:MAC
1397:R3N
1337:R3N
1311:R1P
1305:MPM
1247:MTC
1115:doi
1072:doi
1027:doi
986:doi
953:PMC
943:doi
892:doi
855:PMC
847:doi
843:198
798:doi
765:PMC
755:doi
714:PMC
704:doi
655:doi
614:doi
581:PMC
571:doi
530:PMC
520:doi
475:PMC
465:doi
2793::
2771::
2758::
2745::
2732::
2719::
2706::
2693::
2680::
2667::
2652::
2637::
2331:AV
1497:GK
1207:P=
1205:R1
1111:30
1109:.
1105:.
1078:.
1068:19
1066:.
1043:.
1033:.
1002:.
992:.
961:.
951:.
941:.
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