513:
de
Carvalho, Marianna Rabelo; Duarte, Ellen Fernandes; Mendonça, Maria Lua Marques; de Morais, Camila Souza; Ota, Gabriel Elias; Gaspar-Junior, Jair José; de Oliveira Filiú, Wander Fernando; Damatto, Felipe Cesar; Okoshi, Marina Politi; Okoshi, Katashi; Oliveira, Rodrigo Juliano; Martinez, Paula
190:
have not proven successful in generating functional improvements compared to placebo. Gains of muscle mass were small to non-existent in this population. Research is ongoing on the potential use of myostatin inhibitors for
703:
Haidet, Amanda M.; Rizo, Liza; Handy, Chalonda; Umapathi, Priya; Eagle, Amy; Shilling, Chris; Boue, Daniel; Martin, Paul T.; Sahenk, Zarife; Mendell, Jerry R.; Kaspar, Brian K. (18 March 2008).
214:
Myostatin inhibitors were generally able to increase lean body mass and reduce body fat in people with sarcopenia, but the extent to which this translated into functional improvements varied.
299:
Esposito, Pasquale; Picciotto, Daniela; Battaglia, Yuri; Costigliolo, Francesca; Viazzi, Francesca; Verzola, Daniela (2022). "Myostatin: Basic biology to clinical application".
420:
Shimko, Katja M.; O’Brien, Jake W.; Tscharke, Benjamin J.; Brooker, Lance; Goebel, Catrin; Shiels, Ryan; Speers, Naomi; Mueller, Jochen F.; Thomas, Kevin V. (9 October 2023).
816:
Lodberg, Andreas; van der Eerden, Bram C. J.; Boers-Sijmons, Bianca; Thomsen, Jesper
Skovhus; Brüel, Annemarie; van Leeuwen, Johannes P. T. M.; Eijken, Marco (May 2019).
467:
Turza, Alexandru; Borodi, Gheorghe; Miclaus, Maria; Muresan-Pop, Marieta (February 2023). "Exploring the polymorphism of selective androgen receptor modulator YK11".
26:, which inhibits muscle growth. In animal models and limited human studies, myostatin inhibitors have increased muscle size. They are being developed to treat
516:"Effects of Creatine Supplementation on the Myostatin Pathway and Myosin Heavy Chain Isoforms in Different Skeletal Muscles of Resistance-Trained Rats"
866:
355:
Rodriguez, J.; Vernus, B.; Chelh, I.; Cassar-Malek, I.; Gabillard, J. C.; Hadj Sassi, A.; Seiliez, I.; Picard, B.; Bonnieu, A. (1 November 2014).
85:
117:. While this off target activity can increase their effectiveness in promoting anabolism, it also increases the risk of adverse effects.
769:"Challenges and Future Prospects of Targeting Myostatin/Activin A Signaling to Treat Diseases of Muscle Loss and Metabolic Dysfunction"
979:
Cui, Yinxing; Yi, Qian; Sun, Weichao; Huang, Dixi; Zhang, Hui; Duan, Li; Shang, Hongxi; Wang, Daping; Xiong, Jianyi (January 2023).
320:
94:
reduces myostatin activity and increases follistatin activity. Pharmacological myostatin inhibitors can therefore be considered
691:
1095:
200:
80:
in promoting muscle growth. Androgens both regulate myostatin expression directly and upregulate follistatin expression.
217:
Bimagrumab showed effectiveness in increasing lean mass and reducing fat mass in obese individuals in a clinical trial.
114:
924:"Inhibition of myostatin and related signaling pathways for the treatment of muscle atrophy in motor neuron diseases"
47:
705:"Long-term enhancement of skeletal muscle mass and strength by single gene administration of myostatin inhibitors"
818:"A follistatin-based molecule increases muscle and bone mass without affecting the red blood cell count in mice"
422:"Emergence and occurrence of performance-enhancing substance use in Australia determined by wastewater analysis"
252:"The elusive role of myostatin signaling for muscle regeneration and maintenance of muscle and bone homeostasis"
981:"Molecular basis and therapeutic potential of myostatin on bone formation and metabolism in orthopedic disease"
230:
171:
59:
55:
203:. Due to myostatin's effect as a negative regulator of bone, its inhibition has also been considered for
204:
196:
192:
120:
105:
Many drugs in development as myostatin inhibitors also reduce the activity of related proteins such as
767:
Lee, Se-Jin; Bhasin, Shalender; Klickstein, Lloyd; Krishnan, Venkatesh; Rooks, Daniel (16 June 2023).
716:
476:
208:
102:, a popular workout supplement, has shown some myostatin inhibitory effects in preclinical studies.
50:
superfamily, is a negative regulator of bone and muscle growth. It may also play a role in obesity,
151:
91:
1071:
1016:
904:
847:
492:
449:
402:
334:
187:
51:
35:
1063:
1055:
1008:
1000:
961:
943:
896:
888:
839:
798:
744:
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614:
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555:
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1047:
992:
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935:
878:
829:
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780:
734:
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661:
645:
604:
586:
545:
527:
484:
433:
384:
368:
308:
271:
263:
95:
155:
170:, targeting the ACVR receptors and inhibiting activin A activity can increase the risk of
793:
768:
720:
550:
515:
480:
389:
356:
276:
251:
956:
923:
739:
704:
666:
633:
609:
574:
167:
1089:
1051:
1020:
922:
Abati, Elena; Manini, Arianna; Comi, Giacomo Pietro; Corti, Stefania (21 June 2022).
908:
496:
453:
421:
406:
338:
132:
1075:
851:
575:"Expression and Function of Myostatin in Obesity, Diabetes, and Exercise Adaptation"
1035:
488:
140:
128:
883:
591:
124:
70:
939:
649:
437:
312:
267:
372:
357:"Myostatin and the skeletal muscle atrophy and hypertrophy signaling pathways"
229:
effect due to promoting muscle growth. Myostatin inhibitors are banned by the
147:
136:
76:
Reduction of myostatin expression is one of the mechanisms for the effects of
31:
1059:
1004:
947:
892:
784:
657:
634:"Myostatin Inhibitors: Panacea or Predicament for Musculoskeletal Disorders?"
600:
541:
445:
380:
250:
Mitra, Akash; Qaisar, Rizwan; Bose, Bipasha; Sudheer, Shenoy P (March 2023).
729:
573:
Allen, David L.; Hittel, Dustin S.; McPherron, Alexandra C. (October 2011).
226:
163:
77:
23:
1067:
1012:
965:
900:
843:
834:
817:
802:
748:
675:
618:
559:
398:
330:
285:
99:
532:
110:
27:
996:
1036:"Myostatin inhibition: a potential performance enhancement strategy?"
175:
159:
980:
867:"The elusive promise of myostatin inhibition for muscular dystrophy"
106:
81:
73:
is an endogenous protein that negatively regulates myostatin.
22:
are a class of drugs that work by blocking the effects of
1040:
Scandinavian
Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
514:
Felippe; de
Oliveira-Junior, Silvio Assis (8 May 2023).
123:
have been developed that disable myostatin, including
225:
It is hypothesized that myostatin inhibitors have an
709:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
508:
506:
8:
1034:Fedoruk, M. N.; Rupert, J. L. (April 2008).
186:Clinical trials of myostatin inhibitors for
579:Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
350:
348:
139:. Another form of myostatin inhibition is
955:
882:
833:
792:
738:
728:
665:
632:Suh, Joonho; Lee, Yun-Sil (August 2020).
608:
590:
549:
531:
388:
275:
166:from binding. Because activin A reduces
242:
762:
760:
758:
687:
685:
773:The Journals of Gerontology: Series A
86:selective androgen receptor modulator
7:
928:Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
361:Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
162:receptors, preventing myostatin and
865:Wagner, Kathryn R. (October 2020).
14:
692:WADA prohibited list section S4.3
88:, is also a myostatin inhibitor.
1052:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2007.00759.x
489:10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134281
469:Journal of Molecular Structure
301:Advances in Clinical Chemistry
1:
201:amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
146:Another monoclonal antibody,
884:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000853
871:Current Opinion in Neurology
592:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182178bb4
256:Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia
115:bone morphogenetic proteins
46:Myostatin, a member of the
1112:
940:10.1007/s00018-022-04408-w
650:10.11005/jbm.2020.27.3.151
638:Journal of Bone Metabolism
438:10.1038/s44221-023-00136-y
313:10.1016/bs.acc.2021.09.006
268:10.1016/j.afos.2023.03.008
221:Performance enhancing drug
48:transforming growth factor
373:10.1007/s00018-014-1689-x
231:World Anti-Doping Agency
174:in patients who are not
779:(Supplement_1): 32–37.
730:10.1073/pnas.0709144105
38:, and other illnesses.
835:10.1096/fj.201801969RR
785:10.1093/gerona/glad033
172:venous thromboembolism
60:chronic kidney disease
56:cardiovascular disease
197:spinal muscle atrophy
193:motor neuron diseases
121:Monoclonal antibodies
1096:Myostatin inhibitors
209:rheumatoid arthritis
20:Myostatin inhibitors
721:2008PNAS..105.4318H
481:2023JMoSt127334281T
205:orthopedic diseases
92:Resistance training
533:10.3390/nu15092224
188:muscular dystrophy
52:insulin resistance
36:muscular dystrophy
997:10.1002/biof.1675
822:The FASEB Journal
715:(11): 4318–4322.
585:(10): 1828–1835.
367:(22): 4361–4371.
96:exercise mimetics
1103:
1080:
1079:
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1025:
1024:
976:
970:
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959:
919:
913:
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886:
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855:
837:
828:(5): 6001–6010.
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732:
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631:
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572:
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504:
466:
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461:
432:(10): 879–886.
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293:
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182:Clinical trials
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17:
12:
11:
5:
1109:
1107:
1099:
1098:
1088:
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1046:(2): 123–131.
1026:
971:
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877:(5): 621–628.
857:
808:
754:
695:
681:
644:(3): 151–165.
624:
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321:
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168:erythropoiesis
150:, works as an
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16:Class of drugs
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10:
9:
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4:
3:
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322:9780323988377
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133:landogrozumab
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57:
53:
49:
41:
39:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
1043:
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1029:
991:(1): 21–31.
988:
984:
974:
931:
927:
917:
874:
870:
860:
825:
821:
811:
776:
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213:
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141:gene therapy
129:domagrozumab
119:
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526:(9): 2224.
307:: 181–234.
125:apitegromab
71:Follistatin
985:BioFactors
934:(7): 374.
475:: 134281.
262:(1): 1–7.
237:References
152:antagonist
148:bimagrumab
137:stamulumab
66:Mechanisms
42:Background
32:sarcopenia
1060:0905-7188
1021:222157656
1005:0951-6433
948:1420-9071
909:221101583
893:1350-7540
658:2287-6375
601:0195-9131
542:2072-6643
520:Nutrients
497:252741616
454:263824362
446:2731-6084
407:253598781
381:1420-9071
339:246774167
227:ergogenic
164:activin A
78:androgens
24:myostatin
1090:Category
1076:25355086
1068:18248537
1013:32997846
966:35727341
901:32773450
852:73422507
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390:11113773
331:35152972
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277:10111947
207:such as
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717:Bibcode
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610:3192366
477:Bibcode
154:of the
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493:S2CID
450:S2CID
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335:S2CID
195:like
156:ACVR2
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82:YK-11
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840:PMID
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473:1273
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