Mysore literature in Kannada

2021: 2033: 458:. Prior to the 17th century, information about royal genealogy and achievements had been recorded mostly on versified inscriptions. Beginning with the 17th century, with the consolidation of the feudatory of Mysore into an independent kingdom, historical and biographical writings became popular. A number of such works were penned by the court poets in the 17th and early 18th century, most notably, Tirumalarya II and Chikkupdhyaya. Some of these writings would later serve as valuable research and source material for modern day historians. 1942:

and religion to economics and administration, from arts and crafts to family life and health. People from a broad spectrum of life were commented upon: "Professionals such as priests, astrologers, sorcerers, tax collectors and accountants; artisans such as smiths, carpenters, tailors and potters; and businessmen such as oil men, money-lenders, fishermen and farmers", all have caught the poet's discerning eye. Sarvajna reserved his compliments only for the farmers, weavers, real spiritual seekers and chaste housewives. A tomb in

1160:. However, the fledgling kingdom still owed nominal allegiance to the diminished empire. The foundation of an independent state that would influence regional polity and culture was laid in this period. In the following decades, the Mysore court became the inheritor of the Vijayanagara literary legacy and a centre for textual production not only in Kannada, the native language, but to some extent, even in Telugu and Sanskrit. The earliest available Kannada language writings from the Mysore court are by 2831: 5199: 467: 33: 818:). The modern novel, with a reformist outlook, was born in 1892. This milestone was followed by the earliest social plays with similar themes, a trend that had already set roots in the modern literature of Marathi and Bengali languages. Muddanna (or Nandalike Lakshminarayana) stands out as a unique writer, whose language is Old-Kannada but whose sensibilities are modern. His two important works were 672: 44: 3026: 2839:

was printed in 1817 and the first Bible in 1820. Grammar books and dictionaries, meant to help the missionaries in their effort in spreading Christianity, became available. Rev. W. Reeve compiled the earliest English-Kannada dictionary in 1824 followed by a Kannada-English dictionary in 1832, though the best-known work is an 1894 publication by Rev.

2520:, Nanjaraja came from an influential family of warriors, statesman and scholars. He was politically active and is known to have created a power centre, holding court in parallel to Krishnaraja II. He was proficient in multiple languages and authored more than twenty writings in Kannada, Sanskrit and Telugu. Among his Kannada writings, 2665:"). Krishnaraja III (1799–1868) is called the "Morning Star of the Renaissance in Karnataka". A patron of the fine arts, he was an accomplished writer, musician, musicologist and composer. He gave munificent grants to scholars and was a prolific writer himself. Of the over forty writings attributed to him, a prose romance called 2956:"Father of Kannada stage") for his contributions to drama. His contribution to dramatic literature in the form of anthologies, translations and adaptations from English and Sanskrit, learned editions, and successful integration of musical compositions into drama is well accepted. His translations from English to Kannada include 422:) were eventually absorbed into the Kingdom of Mysore by 1763. The unique aspect of the Mysore court was the presence of numerous multi-lingual writers, some of whom were Veerashaivas. They were often adept in Telugu and Sanskrit, in addition to Kannada. The Veerashaiva monasteries that had sprung up in various regions including 2681:) to be born as Sucharitra, the son of King Sugandharaya of Ratnapuri. Devendra's wife Shachidevi takes birth as Sougandhika and marries Sucharitra. Apart from composing many devotional songs to his deity, the Hindu goddess Chamundeshwari (pen-name "Chamundi"), he authored three noteworthy treatises: 2406:

metre, is known to have been a consolation to his widowed daughter. Among women, Helavanakatte Giriyamma (pen-name "Helavanakatte Ranga", early 18th century) and Harapanhally Bhimava (pen-name "Bhimesa Krishna", 1890) are notable despite their humble education and background. Giriyamma authored more

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Eager to spread their gospel in Kannada, Christian missionaries took to the Kannada language. The establishment of the printing press and English language education had a positive effect on Kannada prose. Periodicals and newspapers were published for the first time. The first Kannada language book

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Sarvajna, who is not known to have acquired a formal education, gained knowledge from the world, writing poems impromptu about the nature of people and places. According to the scholar Naikar, Sarvajna was born to "sing the truth and truth alone". His poems cover a vast range of topics, from caste

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territories under his domain by 1682. An able administrator, the king was inclined towards the Srivaishnava faith. His reign produced numerous prolific writers, not the least the king himself – he was an accomplished scholar in Kannada and a composer of music. A well-known treatise on music

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devotionalism with the advent of the Haridasas of Karnataka. The Haridasa poetry, which bears some structural similarities to devotional songs of northern and eastern India, is preserved in written textual form but the musical compositions in which they are rendered have been passed down orally.

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poems was revived. Though some poets such as Tontada Siddhalingayati (1540), Swatantra Siddhalingeswara (1565), Ganalingideva (1560), Shanmukha Swamy (1700), Kadasiddheswara (1725) and Kadakolu Madivallappa (1780) attempted to re-popularise the tradition with noteworthy pieces, they lacked the

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are the most prominent among the saint-poets belonging of the "didactic period". The scholar Mutalik classifies Haridasa devotional songs into the following categories: "biographical, socio-religious, ethical and ritualistic, didactic and philosophical, meditative, narrative and eulogistic and

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into Kannada in 1820, the arrival of the printing press, publication of newspapers and periodicals and the earliest Kannada-English and English-Kannada dictionaries helped to modernise Kannada prose. Development of prose narrative came by way of translations of Christian classics, such as

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in the 1763–1804 period accounting for the chronology and history of the Keladi dynasty. The work also gives useful information about contemporary kingdoms and states including the Nawabs of Savanur, the Marathas and the Mughals. Notable Jain writers of the period were Payanna

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on local traditions. The earliest examples of modern literature came in the form of prose, either inspired by or renderings of Sanskrit classics, in the court of King Krishnaraja Wodeyar III. The king himself was an accomplished Kannada writer to whom is ascribed the prose romance

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A surge in the generation of prose narratives and dramatic literature, inspired by writings in English, Sanskrit, modern Marathi and modern Bengali languages culminated in original works in the succeeding decades. In the field of prose, translation of English classics such as

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and others, and is considered an exhaustive work. The author's emphasis on the importance of Kannada language and its rich literary and poetic history is evident and was meant to be a rebuttal to the attitude shown by contemporary Sanskrit scholars towards Kannada language.

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poetry, the poet describes the lamentation of a mother in his own inimitable style. Upon hearing the news of her son's death by trampling under the hooves of Prince Rajashekara's horse, the mother rushes to the scene, and mourns, holding the body of her son in her lap.

3103:, a summary of earlier works by Fleet, Rice, Bhandarkar and Robert Sewell, appealing to the Kannadigas to remember their glorious past, their ancient traditions and culture, their great rulers, saints and poets. Other well-known works were Kerur Vasudevachar's 1613:

metre. Despite being employed as a betel bag bearer and as a maid to Queen Devajammani, she claimed Alasingaraya, a court poet, her Guru. Her work narrates the struggles of women in society, and stresses their need to fulfill their daily roles in family life.

1212:" (an avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu). The writing also gives useful details about the kingdom, its social events, urban life, the king's court, the types of music composed by the court musicians and the instruments they used to render them. During this time, 708:

canon, depicting the 12th century Veerashaiva saints as its protagonists, became popular from around c. 1400. Among well-known 16th century anthologists were Channaveeracharya (16th century) and Singalada Siddhabasava (c. 1600) who interpreted the

446:(a sect of Vaishnavism) writers, who were dominant in the Mysore court, maintained a literary style that was conventional and conservative while proliferating lore and legend. A spurt in Vaishnava writings resulted in new renderings of the epics, the 1554:(narrative poems). Kannada scholar H.S. Shiva Prakash opines he lived in the mid-16th century, but R. Narasimhacharya and historian Nilakanta Sastri claim he was active in the late 17th century, probably during the rule of King Chikka Devaraja. His 2323:(r. 1704–1714). The king was proficient in Kannada, Sanskrit, Telugu, Tamil and Prakrit. His fourteen Yakshagana compositions, written in various languages but in the Kannada script, were discovered at the government manuscripts library in 1172:

metre, a composition rendered to the accompaniment of an instrument. Raja Wodeyar I's grandson, Chamaraja VI (r. 1617–1637), is the earliest among the Mysore kings known for their personal contribution to the fine arts. The king wrote

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metre. Some clues in his first fourteen of a series of poems ("Reminiscences of Birth") give an indication about his birth, parentage and his reasons for leaving home at an early age. His poems after the 14th focus on his spiritual quest.

2472:, and songs in praise of the god Cheluvanarayana. Shalyada Krishnaraja, a poet and a member from the royal family was proficient writer in Kannada, Telugu and Sanskrit. His contributions to Kannada literature include devotional songs, 86:, authors devoted to the faith produced some works of merit. Secular themes dealing with a wide range of subjects were also written on. Kannada literature flourished for a short while in the court of the neighbouring kingdom of the 2302:

to regain his kingdom in the Hindu epic Ramayana. While scholars such as M.M Bhat, Shivarama Karanth and R.R. Diwakar have proposed various theories about the origin and forerunners of the Yakshagana art, N. Venkata Rao, editor of

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metre. The writing gives an account of the Girija, the daughter of Himavanta, her youthful days and her successful penance which resulted in her marriage to the Hindu god Shiva. Yadava, also a court-poet, penned two prose pieces,

622:. This period, according to the scholars M.V. Kamath and V.B. Kher, may be called its "classical period". This literature was revived in the 18th and 19th centuries. According to musicologist Selina Tielemann, the Vaishnava 2843:. Rev. William Carrey published the earliest Kannada grammar in 1817. The influence of English literature and poetry on Kannada was evident from the numerous songs of prayer composed by the missionaries. British officers 3115:("Sir, as you sow, so you reap"), a historical novel written in flowing prose and whose theme is set in the times of Maharaja Krishnaraja III. To Puttanna also goes the credit for writing the earliest modern biography, 2210:

During the first half of the 18th century Mysore's independence was delicately balanced, with the incumbent kings accepting either a nominal subordination or a strategic alliance with the larger power, the Mughals of

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Nanjaraja was the most noted of the Shaiva writers in the court of King Krishnaraja Wodeyar II (r. 1734–1766). For his literary taste, he earned the honorific "Nutana Bhojaraja", a comparison to the medieval

1570:("Repudiation of Sita"). The author has succeeded in converting a religious story into a very human tale, making it popular even in modern times. For his deft usage of the language, the poet earned the honorific 1461:, one of the earliest available contemporary historicals in Kannada language describing the king's ancestry. In addition, Tirumalarya II composed seventy songs, most of which are in Kannada and a few in Telugu. 70:. The writings date from the Kingdom of Mysore, which existed from around 1600 CE until the establishment of modern India in 1947. Many of the works of this literature written on religious themes are labeled 1946:

town in the Haveri district is said to be his final resting place. His poems, all of which end with his name "Sarvajna", constitute some of Kannada's most popular works. Sarvajna is to Kannada language what

826:(1898). The latter work is historically important to prose development – ancient epic is handled from a modern viewpoint. The narrator is the author and the listener his wife. Muddanna's declaration 125:

poetic tradition was repopularised by some poets while others wrote anthologies and doctrines based on the 12th century Veerashaiva canon. Social developments in the 19th century brought the influence of

2714:(classical poems), over thirty Yakshagana plays, and other dramas. The author used multiple pen-names including, "lingaraja" and "linganripa". For his contributions to the fine arts, he earned the title 1432:

and a descendant of Tirumalarya I, was held in high esteem in the Mysore court. A childhood friend of the King Chikka Devaraja, he served as his minister. Tirumalarya II authored five notable writings:

1196:, similar to ones issued by the Vijayanagara empire. This event was followed by a period of political expansion within modern southern Karnataka and a successful military encounter against the invading 1317:. To test Arjuna's devotion to him, Shiva disguises himself as a hunter and fights a fierce battle with Arjuna. Toward the end, impressed with Arjuna's devotion, Shiva bestows on him a weapon called 1272:

monastery, he was under the patronage of the Mysore court. A bilingual writer in Sanskrit and Kannada, his writings propagate his faith in the god Shiva. He wrote three well-known works in Kannada:

3045:(Prime minister), the administrative chief of Mysore. These were times of positive social and economic change, the independence movement and modern nationalism, all of which influenced literature. 1405:(c. 1200), it had an originality of its own. The work differs from the original in that the god Krishna and his Gopikas are the protagonists of the play instead of Krishna and his consort 2390:

Jagannatha Dasa (1728–1809) is considered the most notable of the late-18th century Haridasas. Apart from a number of devotional songs, he is credited with two important writings. The

2359:(devotee) poets, Mahapati Dasa (1611–1681), who wrote 600 compositions, and his son Krishna Dasa. The tradition however recovered in the early 18th century under the able guidance of 1409:. The writing consists of fourteen sections, with seven songs in each section. It is considered an asset to students of music and literature. The king's other works are commentaries on the 1929:

feels he belonged to the 16th century while Kannada scholars R. Narasimhacharya and H.S. Shiva Prakash claim he lived in the 17th century. To Sarvajna goes the credit of re-vitalising the

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and A.N. Swami Venkatadri Iyer (also called "Samsa"). Kailasam sought to critique social developments by producing plays that questioned the utility of the modern education system in

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With the waning of the Vijayanagara empire, Raja Wodeyar I (r. 1578–1617) became the first ruler of political importance at Mysore, having ousted the Vijayanagara governor at

2774:(1838), a biographical account of the Mysore royal family, some earlier poets, and stories of religious importance. Another Jain writer of merit was Chandrasagaravarni, author of 1921:"The all knowing"), has left his indelible mark on Kannada literature and the Kannada-speaking people. He is known to have been a native of either Abbalur or Madagamasuru in the 1344:, the story of the god Rama which forms an episode in the forest section of the epic Mahabharata, c. 1650). Chamaiah, a court poet, wrote an account of his patron, King 5215: 39:, completed in 1912, currently holds the royal archives which has a huge collection of records regarding composers under royal patronage, covering a period of over 100 years. 6389: 3299:

Mukherjee (1999), p. 78; Shipley (2007), p. 528; Kamath (2001), pp. 227, 229–230; Narasimhacharya (1988), pp. 23, 26; Rice E.P. (1921), p. 90; Pranesh (2003), p. 7

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The men of letters in the Mysore royal court included not only the court poets, who were often quite prolific, but also on occasion the rulers themselves. In the post

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who wrote with the pen-name "Gopala Vittala" (1721–1769). Later, Gopala Dasa inspired another famous saint-poet, Jagannatha Dasa, to take to the Haridasa fold.

3005:(1899) by Gulvadi Venkata Rao. The later work is reformist and decried corruption and encouraged widow remarriages. Suri Venkataramana Shastri's modern social play 2294:(mid-16th century) by Kandukuru Rudrakavi is one of the earliest available manuscripts of a Yakshagana play. It is based on the story of the ape-like humanoid king 3060:("English songs", 1921) was the path-breaker in the genre of modern lyrical poetry. The earliest stalwarts in the field of modern historical drama and comedy were 2343:(a form of god Vishnu) is central to their beliefs, their compositions show tolerance to other Vaishnava deities as well. By bringing the values cherished in the 324:

metre. From the 13th century, Veerashaiva writers made the saints of the 12th century the protagonists of their writings and established native metres such as the

119:, popular in the 15th and 16th century, was revived in the 18th and 19th century, and had a strong influence on devotionalism in the Kannada speaking regions. The 2239:. During this period, literary contributions were made by some members of the royal family including King Narasaraja Wodeyar II, Nanjaraja and Queen Cheluvambe. 1441:

metre, 1698), an important musical treatise rendered in seven sections comprising fifty-two songs which exalts the patron king to the level of "God on Earth";

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The efforts of these early pioneers were to become a forerunner for the golden age in the decades to follow. A long list of noted poets and writers followed:

6465: 2351:(Hindu sacred texts) to the commoner in simple Kannada, these itinerant Haridasas made valuable contributions as "minstrels of God". With the passing of the 759:

The birth of modern expression in the Kannada language can be traced to the early 19th century, a transition that in later decades included the influence of

2863:("Mangalore News"), was published in Mangalore in 1843. In a few years, printing presses opened in many locations, including at the Mysore palace in 1840. 103:(a composition in prose-verse), a form of writing that had prevailed in Kannada prior to the 13th century, and initiated writings on contemporary history. 5188: 3317:

Rice E.P. (1921), p. 90; Shiva Prakash (1997), pp. 192, 210; Pranesh (2003), pp. 21, 32, 42–43, 49–50, 87–88; Sahitya Akademi (1988), p. 1764

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Initial development in the genre of historical novels, in the form of translations and original works, sought to re-kindle the nationalistic feelings of

3052:. "New beginning") style of writings in genres such as lyrical poems, drama, novels and short stories, with the strong influence of English literature. 2339:(dualistic) philosophy of Madhvacharya. Their compositions have also been of immense value to the development of music and literature in general. While 1967:. Neither was he patronized by royalty nor did he write for fame or money. His main aim was to instruct people about morality with poems such as these: 2851:

deciphered numerous Kannada inscriptions. Rice published several ancient classics and a brief history of Kannada literature while Fleet published folk

610:, the devotional literature of the Vaishnava saints of Karnataka, flourished in the 15th and 16th centuries under the guidance of such saint-poets as 6014: 5852: 668:. According to the scholar H.S. Shiva Prakash, about 300 saint-poets from this cadre enriched Kannada literature during the 18th–19th century 3154:, "Parrots", 1930), perhaps the most acclaimed writers of lyrical poems that synthesised the work of the English romantics with native traditions; 2994:. Other well-known Kannada writers in Chamaraja IX's court were S.G. Narasimhacharya, Dhondo Narasimha Mulabaglu, Santa Kavi and B. Ventakacharya. 141:

period, a new kind of lyrical poetry, one unaffiliated with the royal court, and written by maverick-poets was gaining popularity. A wide range of

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Basavappa Shastry (1882), a native of Mysore and court poet of Maharaja Krishnaraja III and Maharaja Chamaraja Wodeyar IX, earned the honorific

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sought to spread their influence beyond the Kannada speaking borders. Sadakshara Deva, a Veerashaiva writer, tried to rejuvenate the classical

1372:(r. 1673–1704) is a high point in the early history of the Kingdom of Mysore. The king, an able warrior known to have defeated even the 6021: 5609: 5202: 5062: 4956: 1248:(chapters) and makes useful references to contemporary and earlier writers. His work is modelled after that of earlier Sanskrit grammarians, 1609:, on the duties of a faithful wife. This work, which won her many accolades, is in nine sections, containing 479 stanzas, and is written in 6364: 2710:) of Maharaja Krishnaraja III was a prolific writer with over fifty works spanning various genres: devotional songs, musical compositions, 1220:

excelled as a grammarian of extraordinary talent. He was the last of the three notables who wrote comprehensively on Old-Kannada grammar (

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The Jain poet Devachandra (1770–1841), a native of Kankagiri, was in the court of Krishnaraja III and authored three noted works:

6455: 6369: 2254:, has an established history in the Kannada speaking region of over 400 years. In its rudimentary form, the script of the play contains 2020: 1472:

was a zealous Srivaishnava and one of the most prolific Kannada writers of his time. To his credit are over thirty works, mostly in the

297:(devotion to the god Vishnu, from the 15th century). In addition, writings on secular subjects remained popular throughout this period. 2032: 1284:(17th century). It is derived from a well-known devotional Tamil story of Satyendra Chola and is known to be based on an earlier work, 561:

dated to 600–200 BCE. This primitive form developed into "Ekkalagana", a term which appears in the 12th century Kannada writings

320:"utterance" or "saying") which propagated devotion to the god Shiva were written mostly as prose-poems, and to a lesser extent in the 6460: 6374: 6063: 5990: 2782:, a mere court attendant, rose to the level of a court poet for his scholarship in Kannada and Sanskrit. Among his many compositions, 2440:

Cheluvambe, a queen of King Krishnaraja Wodeyar I (r. 1714–1732), was an accomplished Kannada writer. Her notable works include

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and is one of the most popular poems of the late medieval age. A collection of stories, the epic poem contains the famous tale of the

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metre. The story narrates the wedding of Varanandi, the daughter of the Badshah (Emperor) of Delhi, and the god Cheluvaraya Swamy of

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could be where the Yakshagana of the northern style originated. However, he noted that the earliest forms of dance-drama, called the

5157: 5138: 5119: 5100: 5081: 5043: 5024: 5005: 4977: 4937: 4918: 4899: 4880: 4844: 4821: 4802: 4783: 1356:(late 17th century). Tirumalabhatta, a court poet of the Keladi ruler Hiriya Venkatappa Nayaka (r. 1586–1629) wrote the poem 418:. Writers in the Keladi court authored important works on Veerashaiva doctrine. The Keladi territories and that of smaller chiefs ( 2641:

in the fourth Anglo-Mysore war (1799), the British took control of the kingdom. They however restored the Wodeyars in the smaller

6501: 6496: 6379: 6000: 834:"Poetry deserves killing whereas prose reaches the heart") summarises the trends in Kannada literature in the late 19th century. 700:(late 18th century). Sarvajna is known to have lived sometime between the mid-16th century and the late 17th century. Though the 5229: 6314: 6244: 5925: 5862: 5842: 5605: 5250: 5181: 2159: 644: 2327:. By the early 19th century, Yakshagana had become popular in Mysore and nearby Yelandur, where stage troupes were active. 6331: 5897: 5407: 3037:

In 1881, the British handed back administrative powers to the Wodeyar family. Up to 1947, when the kingdom acceded to the

6427: 6349: 6116: 5847: 5293: 5275: 5257: 5237: 2469: 6491: 6359: 6028: 5857: 5694: 2654: 1276:(1655), his best-known poetic work, written during his early days, has love as the main theme and rivals the poems in 3194:, the philosopher-writer to whom is ascribed writings in just about every genre, though his most notable work is the 2290:(acting arena) could be a temple compound, an open space near the patron's house or a clearing in a paddy field. The 1925:. Based on literary evidence scholars place him variously between the 16th and 18th centuries. Prabhu Prasad of the 1324:

Other notable Kannada writers in the court of Kanthirava Narasaraja I (r. 1637–1659) were Shantaveera Deshika (

402:, the centres of Kannada literary production shifted to the courts of the emerging independent states, at Mysore and 5198: 4928:

Nagaraj, D.R. (2003) . "Critical Tensions in the History of Kannada Literary Culture". In Sheldon I. Pollock (ed.).

3200:("Dull Thimma's Rigmarole", 1943), which closely compares with the wisdom poems of the late medieval poet Sarvajna. 3111:(1896). The tradition of novels started by Gulvadi Venkata Rao (1899) reached maturity in 1915 with M.S. Puttanna's 6354: 6318: 5284: 5266: 5246: 2919: 2722:"Master of poetry in two languages" – Kannada and Sanskrit). Among his best-known Kannada works are the poem 3236:

Narasimhacharya (1988), pp. 23–26; Kamath (2001), p. 228, 280; Pranesh (2003), pp. 11, 60; Rice E.P. (1921), p. 89

729:(monistic) philosophy, consolidated from the 16th century onwards. While the most famous writings are ascribed to 6111: 6098: 5347: 5327: 5174: 2873: 2468:

residing on the Vrishabha hill, songs centred on Alamelu Mangamma, the consort of the Hindu god Venkateshwara of

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poetic tradition had come to a temporary halt, the creation of anthologies and commentaries based on the earlier

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By the mid-16th century, Kannada literature had been influenced by three important socio-religious developments:

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composition and a play) is best known. In this writing, the author imaginatively narrates the story of the sage

6106: 6042: 5666: 5631: 5626: 5560: 5303: 3042: 2887:(1857) set the trend. Translations from vernacular languages were popular too and included the Marathi classic 713:

from a purely philosophical and meta-physical context. In the Keladi court, notable works on doctrine, such as

1192:(r. 1637–1659), the kingdom attained complete freedom, as evidenced from the issue of gold coins called 78:

in acknowledgment of the two faiths that gave form to the literature and fostered it until the advent of the

6326: 6264: 5780: 5500: 3124: 1189: 6126: 6035: 5829: 5455: 5392: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5036:

History of the Dvaita School of Vedanta and Its Literature: From the Earliest Beginnings to Our Own Times

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These songs have remained popular with the members of the Madhva religious order even in the modern age.

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which combines literature, music, dance and painting into. The best-known forms of this art are from the

5757: 5595: 5397: 2320: 1550:, a superb story-teller, a dramatist and a Vaishnava by faith, is one of the most well-known writers of 580: 3099:("Kannadigas Fateful Tale") described the empire's decline. In 1917, Alur Venkata Rao wrote the famous 1585:(1680), the earliest available classical drama in Kannada. It is a play inspired by the Sanskrit drama 2355:

era, the creation of the Haridasa literature slowed down for about a century, despite attempts by two

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Sahitya Akademi (1987), pp. 551–552, pp. 403–404; Shiva Prakash (1997), pp. 179–205

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Shiva Prakash (1997), pp. 200–201; Sahitya Akademi (1987), p. 884; Thielemann (2002), pp. 21–22

2848: 2653:. The British took direct control of the administration of the kingdom in 1831, after which Maharaja 1933:

poetic tradition. His witty and didactic poems, numbering over 2,000, were written using the simple

107:, a native form of dramatic literature meant for a rustic audience, consolidated in the coastal and 6304: 6274: 5742: 5724: 5661: 5641: 5565: 5540: 5387: 5241: 3196: 3155: 1345: 411: 399: 336: 138: 131: 772:("The Seal Casket", 1823), a historical novel and an innovative version of the Sanskrit original, 6442: 6214: 6056: 6008: 5618: 5377: 5319: 2895:(1885). In the genre of drama, inspiration came from translations of Sanskrit and English plays. 1228:

being the other two). He was an expert in Sanskrit grammar as well. His extant Kannada grammar,

1213: 1058: 794:, 1847). Dramatic literature got its impetus from translations of Sanskrit and English classics ( 760: 730: 170: 127: 3988:

Kamath (2001), pp. 229–230; Pranesh (2003), pp. 20–21; Narasimhacharya (2001), p. 23

3119:("The story of Kunigal Ramashastri"). The genre of short story made its initial beginnings with 2830: 2407:

than forty songs, and five narrative poems, the best known among which is the devotional piece

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of modern Karnataka. There are a variety of dance-dramas collectively termed as Yakshagana. The

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using simple Kannada in the form of melodious songs. The Haridasa poets used genres such as the

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A mendicant Veerashaiva poet, a moralist and a drifter whose early days are unclear, Sarvajna (

599:(mid-16th century) by Kandukuru Rudrakavi. The earliest available edition of Yakshagana plays, 579:(c. 850) could be considered the earliest known forerunner of the Kannada Yakshaganas. An 6422: 6259: 5970: 5689: 5684: 5676: 5656: 5520: 5505: 5342: 5153: 5134: 5115: 5096: 5077: 5058: 5039: 5020: 5001: 4973: 4952: 4933: 4914: 4895: 4876: 4859: 4840: 4817: 4798: 4779: 3120: 3053: 2822:

by Vishakadatta, and was written by Kempu Narayana, a court poet of Maharaja Krishnaraja III.

2703: 2657:

devoted all his time to developing the fine arts, earning him the honorific "Abhinava Bhoja" (

2368: 1309:

is a poem in five cantos narrating a popular tale of the battle between the god Shiva and the

1200:

commander Ranadullah Khan. Govinda Vaidya, the most well-known poet in the royal court, wrote

697: 546: 414:. At their peak, their domains included the coastal, hill and some interior regions of modern 111:(hill) regions in the 16th century and gained popularity thereafter, and spread to Mysore and 59: 1445:("History of the Peerless Hero"), a rhetorical eulogy of the king and a treatise on poetics; 1288:(c. 1513), by Kannada writer Gubbi Mallanarya of Vijayanagara. In a noteworthy piece of 6432: 6412: 6407: 6279: 5920: 5790: 5752: 5732: 5699: 5651: 5580: 5515: 5475: 5450: 5445: 5297: 5279: 4069:

Narasimhacharya (1988), p. 23; Shiva Prakash (1997), p. 213; Pranesh (2003), pp. 31–32

2941: 2840: 2364: 1922: 1638: 814: 495: 483: 451: 97:

During an age of revival and innovation, some Mysore court poets brought back the classical

55: 466: 6397: 6184: 6159: 6070: 5867: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5772: 5762: 5747: 5704: 5590: 5585: 5510: 5495: 2883: 2299: 1956: 1926: 1469: 1369: 3482:

Kamath (2001), p. 220, pp. 225–226; Nagaraj (2003), p. 370; Rice E.P. (1921), p. 83

2307:(1960), gives the credit of writing the earliest available Yakshagana plays that include 17: 6450: 6299: 6289: 6224: 6219: 5950: 5815: 5737: 5714: 5709: 5646: 5575: 5490: 5382: 5332: 5288: 5261: 4967: 3191: 3061: 3030: 2814:("Poet of two languages"). Modern Kannada prose saw its nascent beginning in 1823 with 2683: 2642: 2376: 2242:

Yakshagana, a rustic form of theatre which draws upon themes from the Hindu epics, the

2220: 2216: 1964: 1529: 1465: 1208:

metre. In this eulogy, written in 26 chapters, Vaidya compares his patron king to "God

615: 491: 487: 443: 312:. The early Veerashaiva literature (1150–1200 CE), comprising pithy poems called 142: 67: 63: 3281:

Shipley (2007), p. 528; Shiva Prakash (1997), pp. 188–192; Nagaraj (2003) p. 379

1540:, a eulogy of saint Kadambi Lakshmanacharya; and a collection of seventy songs called 1249: 32: 6485: 6174: 6169: 6144: 5975: 5965: 5930: 5905: 5887: 5550: 5535: 5420: 5309: 5270: 4833: 2818:("Seal Casket"). It is an elaboration of a play summarised in the Sanskrit original, 2465: 1960: 1429: 1265: 1197: 1157: 575: 290: 134:, resulting in the birth of modern prose, prose narrative and theatrical literature. 87: 36: 6269: 6204: 6149: 5872: 5570: 5525: 5460: 5425: 3139: 2696: 2352: 1221: 1217: 776:

by Vishaka Datta. This work is considered the trailblazer in modern Kannada prose.

588: 348: 671: 2528:, an account of the life of 63 ancient devotees of the god Shiva, is well known. 6402: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6194: 6179: 6139: 5555: 3183: 3175: 3171: 3147: 3073: 2878: 2650: 2646: 2638: 2384: 2372: 2360: 2247: 2085: 1563: 1414: 1352:(late 17th century), and Channarya wrote a metrical history of the same king in 1161: 684:

mastery of the 12th century social reformers. The most notable of the later day

661: 640: 636: 631: 619: 611: 479: 447: 431: 294: 71: 43: 4890:

Murthy, K. Narasimha (1992). "Modern Kannada Literature". In George K.M (ed.).

2235:(Chief minister) Devaraja (or Devarajaiah), the influential Kalale brothers of 1421:, "Kings Petition") and composed in praise of the god Cheluva Narayanaswamy of 779:

English-language education, the role of missionaries, their translation of the

522:

and surrounding regions. Other art forms also grouped under Yakshagana are the

6189: 5985: 5935: 5530: 3263:

Ashton (2003), p. 22; Brandon and Banham (1993), p. 115; Kamath (2001), p. 281

3084: 2844: 2453: 2283: 1948: 1683: 1674:

Some Brahmin writers worthy of mention from the 17th century are Ramachandra (

1617:

Other writers under the patronage of King Chikka Devaraja were: Chidananda, a

796: 721:("Moonlight to delight the Veerashaivas") were written. A new genre of mystic 657: 380: 305: 190: 104: 2375:

town. His lyrical compositions, said to be 25,000 in all, are written in the

591:

performers. The earliest available manuscript containing Yakshagana plays is

478:"Songs of the demi-gods") is a composite folk-dance-drama or folk theatre of 6249: 6209: 5980: 5915: 5910: 5465: 5440: 5337: 5220: 5206: 4856:

A concise history of Karnataka : from pre-historic times to the present

3076:"). Samsa's ideal king, Narasaraja Wodeyar, is the protagonist of the play 3025: 2931: 2779: 2755: 2517: 2344: 2251: 2236: 1943: 1695: 1602: 1547: 1509: 1410: 1302: 1277: 1253: 1225: 1209: 1024: 808: 535: 507: 435: 415: 238: 75: 4863: 2452:. In the writing, the author envisioned Varanandi to be a reincarnation of 2223:

at bay. From the 1830s, the kings also came under the sway of the powerful

534:(spirit) dances. The "Yakshagana Tenkutittu" is more akin to the classical 2367:. Vijaya Dasa was inspired by the establishment of the monastery of saint 630:

of modern Tamil Nadu and spread northwards, reached its peak influence on

6254: 6077: 5877: 5545: 5470: 5435: 3127:

who stole the limelight with and set a trend for others to follow in his

3091:) and Galaganath were among the first to write such novels. Galaganath's 2962: 2243: 1449:, an account of the king's conquests, his life and his ancestors, in the 1398: 1381: 1269: 1178: 1084: 726: 693: 653: 455: 388: 344: 260: 234: 116: 112: 6294: 5945: 5940: 5480: 3163: 2925: 2905: 2674: 2456:, the consort of the Hindu god Krishna. Her other compositions include 2449: 2398:

metre with a poetic touch, it contains 32 chapters of 988 stanzas. The

2324: 2295: 1594: 1422: 1373: 1310: 1182: 802: 665: 584: 527: 340: 309: 286: 223: 121: 83: 2730:("Marriage of the mountain born goddess"), in Yakshagana style and in 1544:

in praise of his patron Chikka Devaraja (pen-name "Chikkadevaraja").

1260:

Shadaksharadeva, who attempted to revive the classical (Sanskritised)

6164: 5960: 5955: 5882: 5430: 5415: 2852: 2747:, a prose rendering of the classical Sanskrit original by poet Bana. 2624:, c. 1713, an account of the history of the Kingdom of Mysore). 2605: 1952: 1643: 1590: 1385: 1314: 627: 550: 539: 427: 423: 407: 403: 215: 108: 99: 91: 3095:(1923) described the founding of the Vijayanagara empire, while his 2580:). Vaishnava writers who distinguished themselves were Lakshmakavi ( 1164:(or Tirumala Iyengar), Raja Wodeyar I's court poet. He composed the 4675:

Kamath (2001), pp. 254, 257–261, 284–286, 291–294

6199: 6134: 5485: 3167: 3038: 3024: 2829: 2678: 2662: 2513: 2348: 2212: 2031: 2019: 1497: 1406: 1377: 1298: 1289: 780: 670: 519: 465: 42: 31: 5072:

Shiva Prakash, H.S. (1997). "Kannada". In Ayyappapanicker (ed.).

518:"Yakshagana of northern style performed outdoors") is popular in 4657:

Sahitya Akademi (1988), p. 1077; Pranesh (2003), pp. 82–83

2531:

Other well-known Shaiva writers were Chenniah, who wrote in the

2383:) "Vijaya Vittala". Most well-known among his many disciples is 1711: 1618: 506:"Yakshagana of the southern style") is popular primarily in the 343:

commentators who wrote under royal patronage, and the itinerant

5170: 573:, a native composition adaptable to singing and mentioned in 569:(c. 1189, by Aggala). According to the scholar M.M. Bhat, 4150:

Narasimhacharya (1988), p. 24; Pranesh (2003), pp. 32–33

4123:

Narasimhacharya (1988), p. 62; Sahitya Akademi (1988), p. 1077

4051:

Mukherjee (1999), p. 77–78; Rice (1921), pp. 89–90

3107:

describing the rise of the Wodeyar dynasty, and Vasudevaiah's

3013:(1887) carried a similar reformist outlook while Santa Kavi's 3009:("Iggappa Heggade's farce of marriage", 1887) and Dhareswar's 1301:

and 4,000 stanzas, is an account of the 12th century reformer

648:

miscellaneous". Their contribution to Hindu mysticism and the

4930:

Literary Cultures in History: Reconstructions from South Asia

2539:, 1720), Nuronda, who eulogised his patron Krishnaraja II in 2402:, containing 1,200 pithy and proverbial poems written in the 1504:("Five truths"), on saint Pillai Lokacharya; a commentary on 1417:, a collection of devotional poems written in thirty verses ( 652:

literature is similar to the contributions of the Alvars and

4249:

Shiva Prakash (1997), pp. 191–192; Prasad (1987), p. 3

1749: 841: 595:(c. 1565) by Vishnu of Brahmavara in South Kanara, and 4419:

Shiva Prakash (1997), p. 201; Narasimhacharya (1988), p. 25

4258:

Kamath (2001), pp. 229–230; Pranesh (2003), pp. 44–45

4177:

Narasimhacharya (1988), p. 24; Shiva Prakash (1997), p. 191

3389:

Shiva Prakash (1997), pp. 163–164, 166–169, 191

3215:

Pranesh (2003), p. xii, authors note; Kamath (2001), p. 282

3068:(1918, "The Hollow and the Solid") and the dowry system in 2997:

The earliest modern novels in the Kannada language are the

2960:("Othello"). His Sanskrit to Kannada translations include, 717:("Crest jewel of the moral order of the Veerashaivas") and 363:(melody-based). Overall, Kannada writings had changed from 1647:

on the god Vishnu (pen-name "Vaikunta") and songs such as

733:(c. 1500), later day writers such as Mahalingaranga ( 4989:

Musical Composers during Wodeyar Dynasty (1638–1947 A.D.)

3362:

Sastri (1955), pp. 360–361; Rice E.P. (1921), p. 56

2691:(on music) in Sanskrit language and Kannada script, and 2394:

treats on the philosophy of Madhvacharya. Written in the

1297:(1671), a poem of epic proportions, written in forty-two 406:. The Kingdom of Keladi was centred at Keladi and nearby 371:(vernacular) and become more accessible to the commoner. 335:

The Vaishnava writers of the 15th and early 16th century

3380:

Rice E.P. (1921), p. 59; Sahitya Akademi (1988), p. 1324

2859:("Sangoli Raya's Revolt"). The first Kannada newspaper, 2766:, the poet's Jain version of the Hindu epic Ramayana in 768:. Under the patronage of the king, Kempu Narayana wrote 626:(devotion) movement, which started with the 6th century 470:

Yakshagana artists applying makeup to prepare for a play

293:(devotion to the god Shiva, from the 12th century), and 4932:. Berkeley and London: University of California Press. 4793:

Ciṭaṇīsa, Ke. En; Chitnis, Krishnaji Nageshrao (2000).

4621:

Kamath (2001), pp. 279–280; Murthy (1992), p. 168

3783:

Murthy (1992), p. 168; Kamath (2001), pp. 278–280

3371:

Kamath (2001), p. 115; Nagaraj in Pollock (2003), p. 21

3048:

Kannada literature saw the blossoming of the Navodaya (

2266:(dialogue) is added. Witty comments are interjected by 1562:

metre, is the poet's Kannada version of the Hindu epic

679:

After a break of more than three centuries, writing of

4774:

Ashton, Martha Bush (2003) . "History of Yakshagana".

4630:

Murthy (1992), p. 168–169; Kamath (2001), p. 281

3852:

Kamath (2001), p. 227; Pranesh (2003), pp. 11–12

3706:

Nagaraj (2003), p. 377, p. 379; Shipley (2007), p. 528

3461:

Shiva Prakash (1997), pp. 163–164, 166–167

3452:

Shiva Prakash (1997), pp. 166–167, 193–194

3335:

Shiva Prakash (1997), pp. 167–170, 192–195

1597:. Among notable women poets, Srirangamma (1685) wrote 1268:

tradition. A Veerashaiva by faith and the head of the

3227:

Narasimhacharya (1988), p. 17, Shastri (1955), p. 359

2430:

Helavanakatte Giriyamma, Shiva Prakash (1997), p. 201

1714:) are notable. Among Veerashaiva writers, Harisvara ( 308:(saints), princes and personages associated with the 176:

Trends in Kannada literature (mid-16th–20th century)

4518:

Narasimhacharya (1988), p. 26; Murthy (1992), p. 167

4464:

Narasimhacharya (1988), p. 25; Pranesh (2003), p. 49

4159:

Narasimhacharya (1988), p. 24; Pranesh (2003), p. 33

4132:

Narasimhacharya (1988), p. 24; Pranesh (2003), p. 34

4114:

Narasimhacharya (1988), p. 24; Sastri (1955), p. 365

4096:

Narasimhacharya (1988), p. 59; Sastri (1955), p. 365

2363:(1687–1755), a native of Ceekalaparavi in the 675:

Basavanna, protagonist of many a Veerashaiva writing

145:, indigenous and Sanskritic, were popular including 6441: 6388: 6340: 6313: 6125: 5999: 5896: 5828: 5771: 5723: 5675: 5617: 5604: 5406: 5318: 5228: 4105:

Shiva Prakash (1997), p. 210; Kamath (2001), p. 230

3731:

Narasimhacharya (1988), p. 24; Prasad (1987), p. 16

3398:

Sastri (1955), p. 362; Shiva Prakash (1997), p. 188

2411:. In a prayer poem about famine, Giriyamma wrote: 1468:(or Lakshmipathi), a native of Terakanambi town in 1340:, a historical, early 17th century) and Timmarasa ( 725:literature, a synthesis of the Veerashaiva and the 4832: 4491:Kamath (2001), pp. 249, 278; Pranesh (2003), p. 53 3522: 3520: 2464:(4-line verse) metre in devotion to the Hindu god 2231:, Prime minister) Nanjaraja (or Nanjarajaiah) and 1336:, on mathematics, early 17th century), Nanjakavi ( 3123:, M.N. Kamath and Kerur Vasudevachar, but it was 1986:Sarvajna, Shiva Prakash (1997), pp. 191–192 82:. Despite a gradual decline in the popularity of 3186:, a writer of drama, criticism, songs and epic ( 2616:, and an encyclopedia of precious stones called 1601:("Marriage of Padmini"), and Sanchi Honnamma, a 385:List of Yakshagana plays in the Kannada language 5093:Divine Service and the Performing Arts in India 4595:Kamath (2001), p. 280; Mukherjee (1999), p. 238 4141:Kamath (2001), p. 230; Mukherjee (1999), p. 135 4042:Narasimhacharya (1988), pp. 23–24, 62, 64 3979:Mukherjee (1999), p. 78; Shipley (2007), p. 528 3017:(1885) drew upon mythological and folk themes. 2604:, a version of the epic Ramayana), Timmarya of 2413: 1990: 1969: 355:(compositions based on rhythm and melody), the 328:(lyrical compositions in blank verse) and the 94:whose territory was annexed by Mysore in 1763. 4024:Rice E.P. (1921), p. 90; Pranesh (2003), p. 28 3997:Mukherjee (1999), p. 78; Pranesh (2003), p. 21 3952:Rice E.P. (1921), p. 89; Pranesh (2003), p. 17 2810:metre are well-known. He earned the honorific 2045:Noted Haridasa poets (Kannada) (1650-1900 CE) 1581:Singaraya, a brother of Tirumalarya II, wrote 1397:metre, is credited to him. Though inspired by 5182: 4892:Modern Indian Literature:An Anthology - Vol 1 3170:poets who showed his brilliance in using the 1621:poet wrote philosophical compositions called 1376:on occasion, held the upper hand against the 1236:(a literary form written for concision) with 8: 4720:Kamath (2001), p. 281; Murthy (1992), p. 172 4666:Murthy (1992), p. 169; Kamath (2001), p. 281 4639:Murthy (1992), p. 169; Kamath (2001), p. 282 4554:Pranesh (2003), p. 80; Murthy (1992), p. 168 4321:Brandan and Banham (1993), pp. 115–116 3821: 3819: 1694:on geometry), and Venkayarya, a Haridasa of 1536:, a eulogy of saint Kadambi Srirangacharya; 741:metre, c. 1675) and Chidanandavadhuta ( 4605: 4603: 4601: 4385: 4383: 4359: 4357: 3874: 3872: 3870: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3326:Narasimhacharya (1988), pp. 17, 65–66 3041:, the incumbent Maharaja was assisted by a 2726:and the two versions of the classical epic 1578:"One of revels in similes and metaphors"). 347:, saint-poets who spread the philosophy of 5614: 5189: 5175: 5167: 5150:Encyclopaedia of Indian literature - vol 1 5131:Encyclopaedia of Indian literature - vol 2 5112:Encyclopaedia of Indian literature - vol 5 4831:Brandon, James R; Banham, Martin (1993) . 4797:. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. 4564: 4562: 4560: 4397: 4395: 4308: 4306: 3638: 3636: 3501: 3499: 3497: 3223: 3221: 2778:and other works. Devalapurada Nanjunda of 2043: 660:and that of the devotional saint-poets of 5019:. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. 4730: 4728: 4726: 4278: 4276: 3907:Sahitya Akademi (1988), p.1149–1150 3860: 3858: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3675: 3673: 3671: 3599:Karanth in Ashton (2003), pp. 20–21 3581:Karanth in Ashton (2003), pp. 21–22 3559: 3557: 3555: 3469: 3467: 1637:metre; Vaikunta Dasa (1680), a native of 300:Jain works were written in the classical 4871:Kamath and Kher, M.V. and V.B. (2000) . 4347: 4345: 4296: 4294: 4292: 4290: 4288: 4266: 4264: 3800: 3798: 2319:(dance) to the polyglot king of Mysore, 2305:The Southern school in Telugu literature 454:and no fewer than three versions of the 174: 54:is a body of literature composed in the 5074:Medieval Indian Literature:An Anthology 4617: 4615: 4389:Shiva Prakash (1997), pp. 200–201 4373: 4371: 4369: 3758:Shiva Prakash (1997), pp. 190–191 3740:Shiva Prakash (1997), pp. 188–189 3656:Kamath and Kher (2000), pp. 60–61 3652: 3650: 3648: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3443:Shiva Prakash (1997), pp. 194–200 3344:Narasimhacharya (1988), pp. 61–64 3208: 3021:Developments up to the mid-20th century 2754:, a poem on the life of the Jain saint 2551:, 18th century). Linganna Kavi wrote a 2335:The Haridasa literature propagates the 565:(c. 1105, by Nagachandra) and the 304:metre and were centred on the lives of 5148:Various (1987) . Amaresh Datta (ed.). 5129:Various (1988) . Amaresh Datta (ed.). 3894: 3892: 3890: 3888: 3886: 3884: 2915:Vasanthayamini Swapnachamatkara Nataka 2421:While bringing it, they think all day: 2270:(clowns). Musical instruments include 2215:, by paying tribute while keeping the 1992:Even as the tongue manages, surrounded 1981:What cause have I to fear, O Sarvajna? 4752:Murthy (1992), pp. 173, 174, 178, 190 526:, a dance meant to appease the deity 7: 4835:The Cambridge Guide to Asian Theatre 3549:Ashton (2003), p. 17–18, p. 27 3001:by Lakshman Gadagkar (1892) and the 2909:) by Churamuri Sehagiri Rao (1869), 1393:, written in opera style and in the 3158:, the noted novelist and author of 2695:(on dance and music), dealing with 2677:who curses Devendra (the Hindu god 2524:, and a musical composition called 2506:Shalyada Arasinavara Tikina Kirtane 2298:who overthrew his powerful brother 1413:and the later chapters of the epic 545:According to modern Kannada writer 5110:Various (1992) . Mohan Lal (ed.). 5055:Encyclopedia of Literature - Vol I 4991:. Bangalore: Vee Emm Publications. 4473:Ciṭaṇīsa and Chitnis (2000), p. 11 3665:Thielemann (2002), pp. 21–22 3353:Narasimhacharya (1988), pp. 17, 61 3131:("A few short stories", 1920) and 3007:Iggappa Heggadeya Vivaha Prahasana 2945:) by C. Ananda Rao paved the way. 2796:Sri Krishna Sarvabhoumara Charitre 2699:(rhythm) in the Kannada language. 2460:– a lullaby song written in 1484:(prose). His best-known works are 1216:, a Jain writer from Haduvalli in 692:"Vachana poets") were undoubtedly 115:. The literature of the itinerant 25: 4911:A Dictionary of Indian Literature 4873:Sai Baba of Shirdi:A Unique Saint 3563:Brandon and Banham (1993), p. 115 3491:Nagaraj (2003), pp. 377–378 3308:Nagaraj (2003), pp. 378–379 3080:("The Wicked Vikramarya", 1925). 2702:Aliya Lingaraja Urs, a native of 2425:O Hari, send the rain to us soon. 1726:), Prasabhushana (or Pemmisetti, 1702:). Among Jains, Padmana Pandita ( 1244:(commentary), is written in four 618:("father of carnatic music") and 587:describes a grant to a troupe of 5197: 4987:Pranesh, Meera Rajaram (2003) . 4711:Murthy (1992), pp. 171–172 4693:Murthy (1992), pp. 170–171 4684:Murthy (1992), pp. 170–173 3970:Kamath (2001), pp. 228–229 3843:Kamath (2001), pp. 227–228 3792:Murthy (1992), pp. 168–169 3630:Brandon and Banham (1993), p.115 3514:Rice E.P. (1921), p. 91–92 3434:Sharma (1961), pp. 514–555 3290:Murthy (1992), pp. 167–170 2262:(musician), to which improvised 2000:Live among the wicked, Sarvajna. 1996:By the teeth; so should the good 1177:, a translation of the Sanskrit 512:Yakshagana Badagatittu Bayalaata 4761:Sahitya Akademi (1988), p. 1437 4586:Pranesh (2003), pp. 87–88 4545:Pranesh (2003), pp. 78–80 4509:Pranesh (2003), pp. 54–55 4437:Pranesh (2003), pp. 42–43 4401:Sahitya Akademi (1988), p. 1764 4339:Pranesh (2003), pp. 37–38 4312:Pranesh (2003), pp. 49–50 4087:Pranesh (2003), pp. 31–32 4033:Pranesh (2003), pp. 28–30 3878:Sahitya Akademi (1992), p. 3934 3612:, 1963) in Ashton (2003), p. 19 3535:Sahitya Akademi (1992), p. 4621 3505:Sahitya Akademi (1988), p. 1182 3416:Sahitya Akademi (1987), p. 1181 3033:at Bugle rock garden, Bangalore 3029:Statue of noted Kannada writer 2622:Maisuru Arasugala Purvabhyudaya 2602:Ramabhyudaya Kathakusumamanjari 2516:. A native of Kalale town near 2415:Women are taking out in vessels 2371:(of the Madhvacharya order) at 1977:The great god Shiva to guard me 1755:Noted Kannada poets and writers 1738:) and Sejjeya Siddhalingaraya ( 1453:metre comprising six chapters; 1190:Kanthirava Narasaraja Wodeyar I 847:Noted Kannada poets and writers 557:, are mentioned in the writing 549:, the region between Udupi and 6507:History of literature in India 5251:Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate 4972:. Asian Educational Services. 4854:Kamath, Suryanath U. (2001) . 4839:. Cambridge University Press. 4814:A History of Indian Literature 4743:Sahitya Akademi (1988), p 1057 4536:Pranesh (2003), pp. 55, 58, 60 4377:Sahitya Akademi (1987), p. 883 4363:Sahitya Akademi (1987), p. 884 4330:Ashton (2003), pp. 17–23 4222:Prasad (1987), pp. 17–20 3621:Ashton (2003), pp. 21–22 3473:Nagaraj (2003), p. 370, p. 377 3117:Kunigal Ramashastriya Charitre 2331:Revival of Haridasa literature 1338:Kanthirava Narasaraja Charitra 828:Padyam Vadhyam, Gadyam Hridyam 375:Developments from 16th century 265:Popularity of Yakshagana play 47:Mysore, during various periods 1: 6512:Cultural history of Karnataka 6332:List of people from Karnataka 4996:Prasad, K.B. Prabhu (1987) . 4969:History of Kannada Literature 4577:Mukherjee (1999), pp. 89, 311 4568:Narasimhacharya (2003), p. 26 4300:Narasimhacharya (1988), p. 25 4204:Prasad (1987), pp. 9–10 3961:Kamath (2001), p. 220, p. 222 3898:Narasimhacharya (1988), p. 24 3864:Sahitya Akademi (1987), p 476 3610:Yakshagana-Stage in Karnataka 2612:, 1708), Balavaidya Cheluva ( 2379:tradition with the pen-name ( 2005:Sarvajna, Prasad (1987), p. 3 394:Court and monastic literature 6428:Varnashilpi Venkatappa Award 5053:Shipley, Joseph T. (2007) . 4966:Narasimhacharya, R (1988) . 4858:. Bangalore: Jupiter books. 4482:Rice E.P. (1921), pp. 89, 92 4240:Prasad (1987), pp. 5–6 3722:Shiva Prakash (1997), p. 191 3697:Shiva Prakash (1997), p. 189 3679:Shiva Prakash (1997), p. 201 3254:Shipley (2007), pp. 526, 528 3245:Nagaraj (2003), pp. 370, 377 3174:in his masterpiece epic and 2891:(1869) and the Bengali work 2419:Water from the well gone dry 1455:Chikkadevaraya Yaso-bhushana 1428:Tirumalarya II, a native of 1202:Kanthirava Narasaraja Vijaya 1152:Transition from Vijayanagara 603:, is dated to c. 1621. 494:and to some extent from the 462:Folk and didactic literature 289:(9th–12th centuries), 211:Historicals and Biographies. 52:Mysore literature in Kannada 5091:Thielemann, Selina (2002). 2258:(poetic songs) sung by the 2016:Proliferation of Yakshagana 1589:("Pearl necklace") by King 251:Writings by Mysore Royalty 206:17th–20th century CE 203:and Veerashaiva literature 165:Pre-16th century literature 157:(7-line verse) metres, and 27:Body of literature in India 6528: 4947:NAIKAR, BASAVARAJ (2008). 4909:Mukherjee, Sujit (1999) . 4875:. Jaico Publishing House. 1526:Satvikabrahma-Vidya-Vilasa 1496:, a history of the twelve 1232:, containing 592 Sanskrit 752: 378: 243:Vaishnava epics and poems 168: 6112:Kannada Sahitya Sammelana 5213: 4812:Das, Sisir Kumar (1991). 3135:("Short stories", 1924). 2547:metre, and Sankara Kavi ( 2036:Part of the Kannada epic 1951:is to Sanskrit language, 1752: 1710:, story of the Hindu god 1459:Chikkadevaraja Vamshavali 1435:Chikka Devaraja Saptapadi 844: 755:Modern Kannada literature 398:After the decline of the 18:Mysore Kingdom literature 6107:Kannada Sahitya Parishat 5561:Unification of Karnataka 4778:. Abhinav Publications. 4410:Mukherjee (1999), p. 142 3642:Thielemann (2002), p. 22 3590:Rice E. P. (1921), p. 43 3162:("Choma's Toil", 1933); 3146:, "The Wing", 1932) and 3101:Karnataka Ghata Vaibhava 2913:by Srikantesa Gowda and 2743:(blank verse) metre and 2555:historical piece called 2526:Aravattu muvara trivadhi 2278:(types of drums), and a 2143:Helavanakatte Giriyamma 1975:A vast land to wander in 1728:Gurubhaktandara Charitre 1348:(r. 1659–1673) in 1332:metre, 1650), Bhaskara ( 1230:Karnataka Sabdanusasanam 1188:During the rule of King 1142:Sejjeya Siddhalingaraya 944:Chikka Devaraja Wodeyar 719:Virasaivananda chandrike 715:Virasaivadharma siromani 6502:Early modern literature 6497:Literature of Karnataka 6327:Karnataka ethnic groups 6265:Krishnaraja Wadiyar III 5038:. Motilal Banarsidass. 5034:Sharma, B.N.K (2000) . 4168:Rice E.P. (1921), p. 92 4078:Rice E.P. (1921), p. 91 4015:Rice E.P. (1921), p. 90 4006:Mukherjee (1999), p. 78 3916:Rice E.P. (1921), p. 84 3688:Sharma (2000), p. xxxii 3526:Rice E.P. (1921), p. 89 3125:Masti Venkatesh Iyengar 2950:Kannada Nataka Pitamaha 2920:Midsummer Night's Dream 2834:Ferdinand Kittel (1854) 2716:Ubhaya Kavita Visharada 2655:Krishnaraja Wodeyar III 2578:Karnataka Kuvalayananda 2476:poems, compositions in 2286:-like instrument). The 1971:A begging bowl in hand, 1667:, 1678) and Mallarasa ( 1663:, 1677); Mallikarjuna ( 1370:Chikka Devaraja Wodeyar 1264:metre, belonged to the 359:(rhythm-based) and the 229:Veerashaiva anthologies 201:Dominance of Vaishnava 4428:Rice E.P. (1921) p. 81 3749:Nagaraj (2003), p. 378 3425:Nagaraj (2003), p. 368 3180:Sri Ramayana Darshanam 3129:Kelavu Sanne Kathegalu 3097:Kannadigara Karmakatha 3072:("Wages for tying the 3034: 2984:Chanda Koushika Nataka 2874:The Pilgrim's Progress 2835: 2633:Age of prose and drama 2458:Venkatachala Mahatmyam 2433: 2127:Prasanna Venkata Dasa 2041: 2029: 2008: 1989: 1764:Narasaraja Wodeyar II 1706:) and Chandrashekara ( 1457:; and the prose piece 1419:Chikkadevaraya binappa 1346:Dodda Devaraja Wodeyar 791:The Pilgrim's Progress 676: 471: 442:style of writing. The 48: 40: 5596:Western Ganga dynasty 5015:Rice, E. P. (1982) . 4795:The Nawabs of Savanur 4734:Murthy (1992), p. 172 4702:Murthy (1992), p. 171 4609:Murthy (1992), p. 168 4527:Pranesh (2003), p. 55 4500:Kamath (2001), p. 278 4455:Pranesh (2003), p. 43 4446:Pranesh (2003), p. 49 4351:Kamath (2001), p. 281 4282:Pranesh (2003), p. 45 4270:Pranesh (2003), p. 37 4060:Pranesh (2003), p. 31 3934:Kamath (2001), p. 228 3925:Pranesh (2003), p. 16 3825:Kamath (2001), p. 227 3813:Murthy (1992), p. 170 3804:Murthy (1992), p. 169 3774:Murthy (1992), p. 167 3188:Bharata Sindhu Rashmi 3093:Madhava Karuna Vilasa 3028: 2968:Abhignyana Shakuntala 2929:by Srikantesa Gowda, 2901:Raghavendrarao Nataka 2833: 2794:(a Yakshagana play), 2792:Samudra Mathana Kathe 2693:Sara Sangraha Bharata 2669:, in two versions (a 2628:19th century writings 2568:, 1792), Padmanabha ( 2498:Bhakti Marga Sarovara 2035: 2023: 2011:18th century writings 1868:Shalyada Krishnaraja 1682:, 1650), Nagarasa of 1605:from Yelandur, wrote 1447:Chikkadevaraja Vijaya 1350:Devarajendra Sangatya 1166:Karna Vrittanta Kathe 864:Chamaraja Wodeyar VI 838:17th century writings 674: 583:of c. 1565 from 500:Yakshagana Tenkutittu 469: 213:Revival of classical 46: 35: 6418:Rajyotsava Prashasti 6285:K. S. Narasimhaswamy 4951:. Sarup & Sons. 4913:. Orient Blackswan. 4231:Prasad (1987), p. 15 3834:Pranesh (2003), p. 6 3572:Ashton (2003), p. 17 3070:Tali Kattoke Cooline 2917:by K. Vasudevachar ( 2857:Sangoli Rayana Dange 2849:John Faithfull Fleet 2784:Sougandhika Parinaya 2667:Saugandhika Parinaya 2645:of Mysore under the 2598:Krishnarjuna Sangara 2570:Ramachandra Charitre 2549:Chorabasava Charitre 2219:(Baji Rao I) of the 1708:Ramachandra charitra 1704:Hayasara Samuchchaya 1542:Shringarada Hadugalu 1514:Kamalachala Mahatmya 1443:Apratimavira Charite 1307:Sabarasankara Vilasa 1295:Vrishabhendra Vijaya 896:Shantaveera Deshika 766:Saugandhika Parinaya 745:) are also notable. 567:Chandraprabha Purana 66:and written in the 6305:G. S. Shivarudrappa 6275:Gopalakrishna Adiga 5926:Chitrakala Parishat 5853:Dams and reservoirs 5725:Kalaburagi division 5566:Vijayanagara Empire 5541:Rashtrakuta dynasty 5456:Chitradurga Nayakas 5242:Emblem of Karnataka 5152:. Sahitya Akademi. 5133:. Sahitya Akademi. 5114:. Sahitya Akademi. 5076:. Sahitya Akademi. 5000:. Sahitya Akademi. 4894:. Sahitya Akademi. 4816:. Sahitya Akademi. 4213:Naikar (2008), p. 4 4195:Prasad (1987), p. 7 4186:Prasad (1987), p. 6 3197:Mankuthimmana Kagga 3166:, one of Kannada's 3156:K. Shivaram Karanth 2980:Uttara Rama Charite 2861:Mangalura Samachara 2826:External influences 2724:Prabhavati Parinaya 2637:After the death of 2409:Chandrahasana Kathe 2046: 2040:of the 18th century 2028:of the 18th century 1908:Balavaidya Cheluva 1736:Chatuacharya Purana 1720:Raghavanka Charitra 1718:), Siddhananjesa, ( 1700:Krishnalilabhyudaya 1678:), Tirumalevaidya ( 1661:Yadavagiri Mahatmya 1631:Munivamsha Bhyudaya 1623:Tatwada Kirtanegalu 1538:Yadavagiri Mahatmya 1494:Divya Suri Charitre 1342:Markandeya Ramayana 1326:Shivaganga Charitra 1175:Chamarajokti Vilasa 872:Narasaraja Wodeyar 530:, and a variety of 412:Shivamogga district 400:Vijayanagara empire 337:Vijayanagara empire 279:1820–1900 CE 246:1600–1700 CE 196:1565–1620 CE 177: 153:(6-line verse) and 132:Sanskrit literature 6492:Kannada literature 6215:Nijaguna Shivayogi 5619:Bangalore division 5095:. APH Publishing. 5017:Kannada Literature 4648:Das (1991), p. 238 3943:Rice (1921), p. 89 3113:Madidunno Maharaya 3035: 2937:Ramavarma-Lilavati 2935:by M.S. Puttanna, 2869:Yatrikana Sanchara 2836: 2812:Ubhaya Bhasha Kavi 2706:and a son-in-law ( 2586:Rukmangada Charite 2574:Padmavati Charitre 2566:Pujyapada Charitre 2557:Keladinripavijayam 2543:(c. 1740) in 2522:Kukudgiri Mahatmya 2444:, written in the 2392:Harikathamritasara 2135:Igi Venkatacharya 2068:(Varaha Timmappa) 2044: 2042: 2030: 1742:) are well-known. 1740:Malayaraja Charite 1730:), Mummadi Tamma ( 1669:Dasavatara Charite 1583:Mitravinda Govinda 1528:, treating on the 1522:Rukmangada Charite 1518:Hastigiri Mahatmya 1368:The reign of King 1274:Rakashekara Vilasa 1214:Bhattakalanka Deva 1168:(c. 1600) in 1059:Bhattakalanka Deva 786:Yatrikana Sanchara 761:English literature 731:Nijaguna Shivayogi 677: 472: 175: 171:Kannada literature 128:English literature 58:in the historical 49: 41: 6479: 6478: 6423:Jakanachari Award 6260:Shishunala Sharif 5971:Togalu gombeyaata 5824: 5823: 5677:Belagavi division 5521:Kingdom of Mysore 5501:Kalyani Chalukyas 5310:Southern birdwing 5064:978-1-4067-0135-7 4958:978-81-7625-566-0 3121:Panje Mangesh Rao 3078:Vigada Vikramarya 3058:English Geetagalu 3054:B. M. Srikantaiah 2958:Shurasena Charite 2752:Pujyapada Charite 2745:Vachana Kadambari 2737:Kalavati Parinaya 2704:Heggadadevanakote 2620:), and Puttayia ( 2596:metre), Konayya ( 2576:), and Jayendra ( 2490:Anubhava Rasayana 2482:Nija Dipika Ratna 2442:Varanandi Kalyana 2369:Raghavendra Swami 2208: 2207: 2026:Kaushika Ramayana 1915: 1914: 1804:Kalale Nanjaraja 1772:Queen Cheluvambe 1734:), Parvatesvara ( 1724:Gururaja Charitra 1716:Prabhudeva Purana 1665:Sriranga Mahatmya 1607:Hadibadeya Dharma 1534:Yadugiri Mahatmya 1492:versions, 1691); 1149: 1148: 749:Modern literature 547:Shivarama Karanth 339:consisted of the 283: 282: 275:Modern literature 231:and commentaries. 60:Kingdom of Mysore 16:(Redirected from 6519: 6433:Kempegowda Award 6413:Basava Puraskara 6408:Nrupatunga Award 6280:V. Seetharamaiah 6101: 6094: 6087: 6080: 6073: 6066: 6059: 6052: 6050:Western Chalukya 6045: 6038: 6031: 6024: 6017: 5991:Mysore musicians 5921:Channapatna toys 5838:Cities and towns 5791:Dakshina Kannada 5615: 5581:Veera Ballala II 5516:Kittur Chennamma 5476:Kingdom of Coorg 5451:Chalukya dynasty 5201: 5191: 5184: 5177: 5168: 5163: 5144: 5125: 5106: 5087: 5068: 5049: 5030: 5011: 4992: 4983: 4962: 4943: 4924: 4905: 4886: 4867: 4850: 4838: 4827: 4808: 4789: 4762: 4759: 4753: 4750: 4744: 4741: 4735: 4732: 4721: 4718: 4712: 4709: 4703: 4700: 4694: 4691: 4685: 4682: 4676: 4673: 4667: 4664: 4658: 4655: 4649: 4646: 4640: 4637: 4631: 4628: 4622: 4619: 4610: 4607: 4596: 4593: 4587: 4584: 4578: 4575: 4569: 4566: 4555: 4552: 4546: 4543: 4537: 4534: 4528: 4525: 4519: 4516: 4510: 4507: 4501: 4498: 4492: 4489: 4483: 4480: 4474: 4471: 4465: 4462: 4456: 4453: 4447: 4444: 4438: 4435: 4429: 4426: 4420: 4417: 4411: 4408: 4402: 4399: 4390: 4387: 4378: 4375: 4364: 4361: 4352: 4349: 4340: 4337: 4331: 4328: 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Venkatachar ( 3023: 2988:Malathi Madhava 2884:Robinson Crusoe 2828: 2764:Ramakathavatara 2689:Swara Chudamani 2635: 2630: 2610:Ananda Ramayana 2600:), Timmamatya ( 2588:), Venkatesha ( 2541:Soundarya Kavya 2438: 2432: 2429: 2422: 2420: 2416: 2333: 2160:Jagannatha Dasa 2151:Venugopaladasa 2038:Gokarna Mahatme 2018: 2013: 2007: 2004: 1997: 1993: 1988: 1985: 1978: 1976: 1972: 1927:Sahitya Akademi 1759:(1700-1800 CE) 1758: 1757: 1748: 1746:Age of Sarvajna 1732:Sankara Samhita 1680:Uttara Ramayana 1599:Padmini Kalyana 1556:Jaimini Bharata 1470:Mysore district 1366: 1354:Devaraja Vijaya 1282:Jaimini Bharata 1240:(glossary) and 1154: 1110:Siddhananjesa, 1076:Chandrashekara 1042:Tirumalevaidya 960:Chikkupadhyaya 952:Tirumalarya II 880:Govinda Vaidya 851:(1600-1700 CE) 850: 849: 840: 757: 751: 698:Sisunala Sherif 645:Jagannatha Dasa 510:region and the 464: 396: 391: 379:Main articles: 377: 268:1700 CE onward 264: 242: 232: 230: 228: 220: 212: 202: 173: 167: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6525: 6523: 6515: 6514: 6509: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6484: 6483: 6477: 6476: 6474: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6447: 6445: 6439: 6438: 6436: 6435: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6394: 6392: 6386: 6385: 6383: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6365:National parks 6362: 6357: 6352: 6346: 6344: 6338: 6337: 6335: 6334: 6329: 6323: 6321: 6311: 6310: 6308: 6307: 6302: 6300:D. V. Gundappa 6297: 6292: 6290:M. Govinda Pai 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6225:Purandara Dasa 6222: 6220:Ratnakaravarni 6217: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6162: 6157: 6152: 6147: 6142: 6137: 6131: 6129: 6123: 6122: 6120: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6103: 6102: 6095: 6088: 6081: 6074: 6067: 6060: 6053: 6046: 6039: 6032: 6025: 6018: 6005: 6003: 5997: 5996: 5994: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5951:Karnatik music 5948: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5902: 5900: 5894: 5893: 5891: 5890: 5885: 5880: 5875: 5870: 5865: 5860: 5855: 5850: 5845: 5840: 5834: 5832: 5826: 5825: 5822: 5821: 5819: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5781:Chamarajanagar 5777: 5775: 5769: 5768: 5766: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5729: 5727: 5721: 5720: 5718: 5717: 5715:Uttara Kannada 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5681: 5679: 5673: 5672: 5670: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5639: 5634: 5629: 5623: 5621: 5612: 5602: 5601: 5599: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5576:Vishnuvardhana 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5506:Keladi Nayakas 5503: 5498: 5493: 5491:Hoysala Empire 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5412: 5410: 5404: 5403: 5401: 5400: 5395: 5393:Transportation 5390: 5385: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5324: 5322: 5316: 5315: 5313: 5312: 5306: 5300: 5291: 5282: 5273: 5264: 5262:Asian elephant 5254: 5253: 5244: 5234: 5232: 5226: 5225: 5214: 5211: 5210: 5196: 5194: 5193: 5186: 5179: 5171: 5165: 5164: 5158: 5145: 5139: 5126: 5120: 5107: 5101: 5088: 5082: 5069: 5063: 5057:. READ BOOKS. 5050: 5044: 5031: 5025: 5012: 5006: 4993: 4984: 4978: 4963: 4957: 4944: 4938: 4925: 4919: 4906: 4900: 4887: 4881: 4868: 4851: 4845: 4828: 4822: 4809: 4803: 4790: 4784: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4763: 4754: 4745: 4736: 4722: 4713: 4704: 4695: 4686: 4677: 4668: 4659: 4650: 4641: 4632: 4623: 4611: 4597: 4588: 4579: 4570: 4556: 4547: 4538: 4529: 4520: 4511: 4502: 4493: 4484: 4475: 4466: 4457: 4448: 4439: 4430: 4421: 4412: 4403: 4391: 4379: 4365: 4353: 4341: 4332: 4323: 4314: 4302: 4284: 4272: 4260: 4251: 4242: 4233: 4224: 4215: 4206: 4197: 4188: 4179: 4170: 4161: 4152: 4143: 4134: 4125: 4116: 4107: 4098: 4089: 4080: 4071: 4062: 4053: 4044: 4035: 4026: 4017: 4008: 3999: 3990: 3981: 3972: 3963: 3954: 3945: 3936: 3927: 3918: 3909: 3900: 3880: 3866: 3854: 3845: 3836: 3827: 3815: 3806: 3794: 3785: 3776: 3760: 3751: 3742: 3733: 3724: 3708: 3699: 3690: 3681: 3667: 3658: 3644: 3632: 3623: 3614: 3601: 3592: 3583: 3574: 3565: 3551: 3537: 3528: 3516: 3507: 3493: 3484: 3475: 3463: 3454: 3445: 3436: 3427: 3418: 3409: 3400: 3391: 3382: 3373: 3364: 3355: 3346: 3337: 3328: 3319: 3310: 3301: 3292: 3283: 3274: 3265: 3256: 3247: 3238: 3229: 3217: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3192:D. V. Gundappa 3062:T. P. Kailasam 3039:Union of India 3031:D. V. Gundappa 3022: 3019: 2911:Pramilarjuniya 2893:Durgesanandini 2827: 2824: 2820:Mudra Rakshasa 2816:Mudra Manjusha 2741:dandaka vritta 2739:(1815) in the 2728:Girija Kalyana 2684:Sri Tatwanidhi 2643:princely state 2634: 2631: 2629: 2626: 2564:), Padmaraja ( 2562:Ahimsacharitre 2502:Gnana Sarovara 2496:compositions ( 2437: 2436:Other writings 2434: 2427: 2400:Tattva Suvvali 2377:Purandara Dasa 2332: 2329: 2292:Sugriva Vijaya 2221:Deccan plateau 2213:northern India 2206: 2205: 2202: 2198: 2197: 2194: 2190: 2189: 2186: 2185:Pranesha Dasa 2182: 2181: 2178: 2174: 2173: 2170: 2169:Vitthala Dasa 2166: 2165: 2162: 2156: 2155: 2152: 2148: 2147: 2144: 2140: 2139: 2136: 2132: 2131: 2128: 2124: 2123: 2120: 2116: 2115: 2112: 2108: 2107: 2104: 2103:Subbanna Dasa 2100: 2099: 2096: 2092: 2091: 2088: 2082: 2081: 2078: 2077:Vaikunta Dasa 2074: 2073: 2070: 2063: 2062: 2059: 2058:Mahapati Dasa 2055: 2054: 2051: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2002: 1983: 1913: 1912: 1909: 1905: 1904: 1901: 1897: 1896: 1893: 1889: 1888: 1885: 1881: 1880: 1877: 1873: 1872: 1869: 1865: 1864: 1861: 1857: 1856: 1853: 1849: 1848: 1845: 1841: 1840: 1837: 1833: 1832: 1829: 1825: 1824: 1821: 1817: 1816: 1813: 1809: 1808: 1805: 1801: 1800: 1797: 1793: 1792: 1789: 1785: 1784: 1781: 1777: 1776: 1773: 1769: 1768: 1765: 1761: 1760: 1753: 1747: 1744: 1690:), Timmarasa ( 1568:Sita Parityaga 1530:Visishtadvaita 1502:Artha Panchaka 1466:Chikkupadhyaya 1365: 1362: 1153: 1150: 1147: 1146: 1143: 1139: 1138: 1135: 1131: 1130: 1127: 1126:Mummadi Tamma 1123: 1122: 1119: 1118:Prasabhushana 1115: 1114: 1111: 1107: 1106: 1103: 1099: 1098: 1095: 1091: 1090: 1087: 1081: 1080: 1077: 1073: 1072: 1069: 1065: 1064: 1061: 1055: 1054: 1051: 1047: 1046: 1043: 1039: 1038: 1035: 1031: 1030: 1027: 1021: 1020: 1017: 1013: 1012: 1009: 1005: 1004: 1001: 997: 996: 993: 989: 988: 985: 981: 980: 977: 973: 972: 969: 965: 964: 961: 957: 956: 953: 949: 948: 945: 941: 940: 937: 933: 932: 929: 925: 924: 921: 917: 916: 913: 909: 908: 905: 901: 900: 897: 893: 892: 889: 885: 884: 881: 877: 876: 873: 869: 868: 865: 861: 860: 857: 856:Tirumalarya I 853: 852: 845: 839: 836: 753:Main article: 750: 747: 616:Purandara Dasa 597:Sugriva Vijaya 492:Uttara Kannada 488:Udupi district 480:southern India 463: 460: 410:in the modern 395: 392: 376: 373: 281: 280: 277: 270: 269: 266: 256: 255: 252: 248: 247: 244: 208: 207: 204: 198: 197: 194: 186: 185: 182: 169:Main article: 166: 163: 130:and classical 68:Kannada script 64:Southern India 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6524: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6489: 6487: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6448: 6446: 6444: 6440: 6434: 6431: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6395: 6393: 6391: 6387: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6370:Hindu temples 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6347: 6345: 6343: 6339: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6324: 6322: 6320: 6316: 6312: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6175:Allama Prabhu 6173: 6171: 6170:Akka Mahadevi 6168: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6145:Adikavi Pampa 6143: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6132: 6130: 6128: 6124: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6100: 6096: 6093: 6089: 6086: 6082: 6079: 6075: 6072: 6068: 6065: 6061: 6058: 6054: 6051: 6047: 6044: 6043:Western Ganga 6040: 6037: 6033: 6030: 6026: 6023: 6019: 6016: 6012: 6011: 6010: 6007: 6006: 6004: 6002: 5998: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5976:Udupi cuisine 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5966:Mysore Dasara 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5931:Gaarudi Gombe 5929: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5906:Bharatanatyam 5904: 5903: 5901: 5899: 5895: 5889: 5888:Western Ghats 5886: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5869: 5868:Highest point 5866: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5836: 5835: 5833: 5831: 5827: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5778: 5776: 5774: 5770: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5730: 5728: 5726: 5722: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5682: 5680: 5678: 5674: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5624: 5622: 5620: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5607: 5603: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5551:Srirangapatna 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5536:Pulakeshin II 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5421:Alupa dynasty 5419: 5417: 5414: 5413: 5411: 5409: 5405: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5325: 5323: 5321: 5317: 5311: 5307: 5305: 5304:Carnatic carp 5301: 5299: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5271:Indian roller 5268: 5265: 5263: 5259: 5256: 5255: 5252: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5239: 5236: 5235: 5233: 5231: 5230:State symbols 5227: 5223: 5222: 5217: 5212: 5208: 5204: 5200: 5192: 5187: 5185: 5180: 5178: 5173: 5172: 5169: 5161: 5159:81-260-1803-8 5155: 5151: 5146: 5142: 5140:81-260-1194-7 5136: 5132: 5127: 5123: 5121:81-260-1221-8 5117: 5113: 5108: 5104: 5102:81-7648-333-8 5098: 5094: 5089: 5085: 5083:81-260-0365-0 5079: 5075: 5070: 5066: 5060: 5056: 5051: 5047: 5045:81-208-1575-0 5041: 5037: 5032: 5028: 5026:81-206-0063-0 5022: 5018: 5013: 5009: 5007:81-7201-404-X 5003: 4999: 4994: 4990: 4985: 4981: 4979:81-206-0303-6 4975: 4971: 4970: 4964: 4960: 4954: 4950: 4945: 4941: 4939:0-520-22821-9 4935: 4931: 4926: 4922: 4920:81-250-1453-5 4916: 4912: 4907: 4903: 4901:81-7201-324-8 4897: 4893: 4888: 4884: 4882:81-7224-030-9 4878: 4874: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4857: 4852: 4848: 4846:0-521-58822-7 4842: 4837: 4836: 4829: 4825: 4823:81-7201-006-0 4819: 4815: 4810: 4806: 4804:81-7156-521-2 4800: 4796: 4791: 4787: 4785:81-7017-047-8 4781: 4777: 4772: 4771: 4767: 4758: 4755: 4749: 4746: 4740: 4737: 4731: 4729: 4727: 4723: 4717: 4714: 4708: 4705: 4699: 4696: 4690: 4687: 4681: 4678: 4672: 4669: 4663: 4660: 4654: 4651: 4645: 4642: 4636: 4633: 4627: 4624: 4618: 4616: 4612: 4606: 4604: 4602: 4598: 4592: 4589: 4583: 4580: 4574: 4571: 4565: 4563: 4561: 4557: 4551: 4548: 4542: 4539: 4533: 4530: 4524: 4521: 4515: 4512: 4506: 4503: 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3795: 3789: 3786: 3780: 3777: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3765: 3761: 3755: 3752: 3746: 3743: 3737: 3734: 3728: 3725: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3713: 3709: 3703: 3700: 3694: 3691: 3685: 3682: 3676: 3674: 3672: 3668: 3662: 3659: 3653: 3651: 3649: 3645: 3639: 3637: 3633: 3627: 3624: 3618: 3615: 3611: 3605: 3602: 3596: 3593: 3587: 3584: 3578: 3575: 3569: 3566: 3560: 3558: 3556: 3552: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3538: 3532: 3529: 3523: 3521: 3517: 3511: 3508: 3502: 3500: 3498: 3494: 3488: 3485: 3479: 3476: 3470: 3468: 3464: 3458: 3455: 3449: 3446: 3440: 3437: 3431: 3428: 3422: 3419: 3413: 3410: 3404: 3401: 3395: 3392: 3386: 3383: 3377: 3374: 3368: 3365: 3359: 3356: 3350: 3347: 3341: 3338: 3332: 3329: 3323: 3320: 3314: 3311: 3305: 3302: 3296: 3293: 3287: 3284: 3278: 3275: 3269: 3266: 3260: 3257: 3251: 3248: 3242: 3239: 3233: 3230: 3224: 3222: 3218: 3212: 3209: 3203: 3201: 3199: 3198: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3136: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3105:Yadu Maharaja 3102: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3081: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3046: 3044: 3040: 3032: 3027: 3020: 3018: 3016: 3015:Vatsalaharana 3012: 3011:Kanya Vikraya 3008: 3004: 3000: 2995: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2964: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2946: 2944: 2943: 2938: 2934: 2933: 2928: 2927: 2922: 2921: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2907: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2885: 2880: 2876: 2875: 2870: 2864: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2832: 2825: 2823: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2776:Kadambapurana 2773: 2772:Rajavalikathe 2769: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2748: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2700: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2685: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2632: 2627: 2625: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2529: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2509: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2466:Venkateshwara 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2435: 2426: 2423: 2417: 2412: 2410: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2388: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2322: 2321:Narasaraja II 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2240: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2203: 2200: 2199: 2195: 2192: 2191: 2187: 2184: 2183: 2179: 2176: 2175: 2171: 2168: 2167: 2163: 2161: 2158: 2157: 2153: 2150: 2149: 2145: 2142: 2141: 2137: 2134: 2133: 2129: 2126: 2125: 2121: 2118: 2117: 2113: 2110: 2109: 2105: 2102: 2101: 2097: 2094: 2093: 2089: 2087: 2084: 2083: 2079: 2076: 2075: 2071: 2069: 2066:Krishna Dasa 2065: 2064: 2060: 2057: 2056: 2052: 2049: 2048: 2039: 2034: 2027: 2022: 2015: 2010: 2001: 1998: 1994: 1982: 1979: 1973: 1968: 1966: 1962: 1961:Thiruvalluvar 1958: 1954: 1950: 1945: 1939: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1910: 1907: 1906: 1902: 1899: 1898: 1894: 1891: 1890: 1886: 1883: 1882: 1878: 1875: 1874: 1870: 1867: 1866: 1862: 1859: 1858: 1854: 1851: 1850: 1846: 1843: 1842: 1838: 1835: 1834: 1830: 1827: 1826: 1822: 1820:Sankara Kavi 1819: 1818: 1814: 1811: 1810: 1806: 1803: 1802: 1798: 1795: 1794: 1790: 1787: 1786: 1782: 1779: 1778: 1774: 1771: 1770: 1766: 1763: 1762: 1756: 1751: 1745: 1743: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1692:Kshetraganita 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1672: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1651:; Timmakavi ( 1650: 1646: 1645: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1627:Neeti Nrimaya 1624: 1620: 1615: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1579: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1558:, written in 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1462: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1431: 1430:Srirangapatna 1426: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1403:Geeta Govinda 1400: 1396: 1392: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1363: 1361: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1322: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1258: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1186: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1162:Tirumalarya I 1159: 1158:Srirangapatna 1151: 1144: 1141: 1140: 1136: 1134:Parvatesvara 1133: 1132: 1128: 1125: 1124: 1120: 1117: 1116: 1112: 1109: 1108: 1104: 1101: 1100: 1096: 1093: 1092: 1088: 1086: 1083: 1082: 1078: 1075: 1074: 1070: 1067: 1066: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1056: 1052: 1049: 1048: 1044: 1041: 1040: 1036: 1033: 1032: 1028: 1026: 1023: 1022: 1018: 1015: 1014: 1010: 1007: 1006: 1002: 999: 998: 994: 991: 990: 986: 983: 982: 978: 975: 974: 970: 967: 966: 962: 959: 958: 954: 951: 950: 946: 943: 942: 938: 935: 934: 930: 927: 926: 922: 920:Mallikarjuna 919: 918: 914: 911: 910: 906: 903: 902: 898: 895: 894: 890: 887: 886: 882: 879: 878: 874: 871: 870: 866: 863: 862: 858: 855: 854: 848: 843: 837: 835: 833: 829: 825: 824:Ramaswamedham 821: 817: 816: 811: 810: 805: 804: 799: 798: 793: 792: 787: 782: 777: 775: 774:Mudrarakshasa 771: 770:Mudramanjusha 767: 762: 756: 748: 746: 744: 740: 736: 735:Anubhavamrita 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 712: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 682: 673: 669: 667: 663: 659: 655: 651: 646: 642: 638: 633: 629: 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 604: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 577: 576:Kavirajamarga 572: 568: 564: 560: 556: 555:Gandharagrama 552: 548: 543: 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 468: 461: 459: 457: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 401: 393: 390: 386: 382: 374: 372: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 346: 342: 338: 333: 331: 327: 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 298: 296: 292: 291:Veerashaivism 288: 278: 276: 272: 271: 267: 262: 258: 257: 253: 250: 249: 245: 240: 236: 226: 225: 218: 217: 210: 209: 205: 200: 199: 195: 192: 189:Birth of the 188: 187: 183: 181:Developments 180: 179: 172: 164: 162: 160: 156: 152: 148: 144: 140: 135: 133: 129: 124: 123: 118: 114: 110: 106: 102: 101: 95: 93: 89: 85: 81: 77: 73: 69: 65: 61: 57: 53: 45: 38: 37:Mysore Palace 34: 30: 19: 6375:Jain temples 6270:D. R. Bendre 6205:Kumara Vyasa 6084: 6064:Vijayanagara 5873:Bayalu Seeme 5758:Vijayanagara 5571:Vijayanagara 5526:Mayurasharma 5461:Deva Raya II 5426:Amoghavarsha 5328:Architecture 5219: 5149: 5130: 5111: 5092: 5073: 5054: 5035: 5016: 4997: 4988: 4968: 4948: 4929: 4910: 4891: 4872: 4855: 4834: 4813: 4794: 4775: 4768:Bibliography 4757: 4748: 4739: 4716: 4707: 4698: 4689: 4680: 4671: 4662: 4653: 4644: 4635: 4626: 4591: 4582: 4573: 4550: 4541: 4532: 4523: 4514: 4505: 4496: 4487: 4478: 4469: 4460: 4451: 4442: 4433: 4424: 4415: 4406: 4335: 4326: 4317: 4254: 4245: 4236: 4227: 4218: 4209: 4200: 4191: 4182: 4173: 4164: 4155: 4146: 4137: 4128: 4119: 4110: 4101: 4092: 4083: 4074: 4065: 4056: 4047: 4038: 4029: 4020: 4011: 4002: 3993: 3984: 3975: 3966: 3957: 3948: 3939: 3930: 3921: 3912: 3903: 3848: 3839: 3830: 3809: 3788: 3779: 3754: 3745: 3736: 3727: 3702: 3693: 3684: 3661: 3626: 3617: 3609: 3604: 3595: 3586: 3577: 3568: 3531: 3510: 3487: 3478: 3457: 3448: 3439: 3430: 3421: 3412: 3403: 3394: 3385: 3376: 3367: 3358: 3349: 3340: 3331: 3322: 3313: 3304: 3295: 3286: 3277: 3268: 3259: 3250: 3241: 3232: 3211: 3195: 3187: 3179: 3160:Chomana Dudi 3159: 3151: 3143: 3140:D. R. Bendre 3137: 3132: 3128: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3082: 3077: 3069: 3065: 3057: 3049: 3047: 3036: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2996: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2947: 2940: 2936: 2930: 2924: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2882: 2881:, 1847) and 2872: 2868: 2865: 2860: 2856: 2837: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2751: 2749: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2701: 2692: 2688: 2682: 2670: 2666: 2658: 2636: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2584:in 1728 and 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2530: 2525: 2521: 2510: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2461: 2457: 2445: 2441: 2439: 2424: 2418: 2414: 2408: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2389: 2380: 2356: 2353:Vijayanagara 2340: 2336: 2334: 2316: 2315:(drama) and 2312: 2308: 2304: 2291: 2287: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2241: 2233:Sarvadhikari 2232: 2228: 2224: 2209: 2177:Madhva Dasa 2111:Mohana Dasa 2095:Gopala Dasa 2067: 2037: 2025: 2024:Part of the 1999: 1995: 1991: 1980: 1974: 1970: 1940: 1934: 1930: 1918: 1916: 1876:Lakshmakavi 1754: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1691: 1688:Bhagavadgite 1687: 1679: 1675: 1673: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1642: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1616: 1610: 1606: 1598: 1586: 1582: 1580: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1546: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1532:philosophy; 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1506:Tiruvayimole 1505: 1501: 1493: 1489: 1486:Vishnupurana 1485: 1481: 1480:metres, and 1477: 1473: 1463: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1427: 1418: 1402: 1394: 1391:Geeta Gopala 1390: 1367: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1341: 1337: 1334:Beharaganita 1333: 1329: 1325: 1323: 1319:Pashuptastra 1318: 1306: 1294: 1285: 1281: 1273: 1261: 1259: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1222:Nagavarma II 1218:South Kanara 1205: 1201: 1193: 1187: 1185:tradition. 1174: 1169: 1165: 1155: 1034:Ramachandra 1008:Srirangamma 846: 831: 827: 823: 819: 813: 807: 801: 795: 789: 785: 778: 773: 769: 765: 758: 743:Jnana Sindhu 742: 738: 734: 722: 718: 714: 710: 705: 701: 689: 686:vachanakaras 685: 680: 678: 649: 632:South Indian 623: 607: 605: 600: 596: 593:Virata Parva 592: 589:Tala-Maddale 574: 570: 566: 562: 559:Narada Siska 558: 554: 544: 531: 524:Nagamandalam 523: 515: 511: 503: 499: 475: 474:Yakshagana ( 473: 444:Srivaishnava 439: 419: 397: 368: 367:(formal) to 364: 360: 356: 352: 349:Madhvacharya 334: 329: 325: 321: 317: 313: 301: 299: 284: 254:1630 onward 222: 214: 158: 154: 150: 146: 139:Vijayanagara 136: 120: 98: 96: 51: 50: 29: 6403:Pampa Award 6240:Gopala Dasa 6235:Vijaya Dasa 6230:Kanaka Dasa 6195:Rudrabhatta 6140:Gunavarma I 6127:Noted poets 6036:Rashtrakuta 5786:Chikmagalur 5662:Ramanagara 5637:Chitradurga 5556:Tipu Sultan 3184:V. K. Gokak 3176:magnum opus 3172:blank verse 3148:Govinda Pai 3089:Anandamatha 3074:Mangalsutra 3066:Tollu Gatti 2999:Suryakantha 2802:metre, and 2770:metre; and 2651:British Raj 2647:paramountcy 2639:Tipu Sultan 2618:Ratnasastra 2572:), Surala ( 2385:Gopala Dasa 2373:Mantralayam 2361:Vijaya Dasa 2288:rangasthala 2248:Mahabharata 2193:Prema Dasa 2086:Vijaya Dasa 1900:Timmamatya 1884:Venkatesha 1844:Padmanabha 1653:Hari Vilasa 1564:Mahabharata 1488:(prose and 1415:Mahabharata 976:Chidananda 822:(1895) and 662:Maharashtra 641:Gopala Dasa 637:Vijaya Dasa 620:Kanaka Dasa 612:Vyasatirtha 448:Mahabharata 432:Chitradurga 306:Tirthankars 295:Vaishnavism 259:Revival of 221:Revival of 72:Veerashaiva 6486:Categories 6466:Television 6456:Newspapers 6380:Waterfalls 6190:Raghavanka 6180:Siddharama 6015:Milestones 6001:Literature 5986:Yakshagana 5936:Ilkal sari 5743:Kalaburagi 5642:Davanagere 5531:Pattadakal 5348:Demography 5289:Sandalwood 4776:Yakshagana 3204:References 3109:Arya Kirti 3085:Kannadigas 2897:Shakuntala 2845:Lewis Rice 2514:King Bhoja 2454:Satyabhama 2345:Upanishads 2268:hasyagaras 1949:Bhartrhari 1836:Padmaraja 1812:Nurondiah 1684:Pandharpur 1676:Asrasastra 1659:metre and 1649:Kapatamata 1364:Golden age 1204:(1648) in 1102:Harisvara 1000:Mallarasa 992:Timmakavi 984:Singaraya 928:Channarya 912:Timmarasa 888:Nanjakavi 797:Shakuntala 658:Tamil Nadu 656:of modern 601:Sabhaparva 381:Yakshagana 263:literature 191:Yakshagana 105:Yakshagana 80:modern era 6461:Magazines 6250:Lakshmisa 6210:Chamarasa 6150:Sri Ponna 6117:Karnataka 5981:Veeragase 5916:Bidriware 5911:Buta Kola 5843:Districts 5830:Geography 5610:divisions 5606:Districts 5466:Durvinita 5441:Balligavi 5368:Geography 5363:Folk arts 5358:Education 5320:Overviews 5221:Bengaluru 5207:Karnataka 3190:, 1940); 3152:Gilivindu 3003:Indrabayi 2992:Ratnavali 2932:King Lear 2780:Nanjangud 2756:Pujyapada 2518:Nanjangud 2311:(music), 2284:harmonium 2260:bhagavata 2252:Bhagavata 2237:Nanjangud 1944:Hirekerur 1860:Jayendra 1796:Chenniah 1788:Puttaiya 1780:Timmarya 1696:Penukonda 1641:composed 1603:Vokkaliga 1587:Ratnavali 1572:Upamalola 1548:Lakshmisa 1510:Nammalvar 1508:of saint 1464:Minister 1439:saptapadi 1411:Bhagavata 1395:saptapadi 1358:Shivagita 1303:Basavanna 1278:Lakshmisa 1254:Pujyapada 1226:Keshiraja 1210:Narasimha 1181:, in the 1050:Nagarasa 1025:Lakshmisa 936:Chamaiah 904:Bhaskara 809:King Lear 800:in 1869; 654:Nayanmars 606:Haridasa 536:Kathakali 508:Mangalore 452:Bhagavata 436:Bangalore 416:Karnataka 345:Haridasas 273:Birth of 239:Lakshmisa 161:(prose). 155:saptapadi 117:Haridasas 76:Vaishnava 6255:Sarvajna 6185:Harihara 6078:Haridasa 6029:Medieval 5878:Malenadu 5863:Villages 5690:Belagavi 5685:Bagalkot 5657:Tumakuru 5546:Sringeri 5471:Halebidu 5436:Banavasi 5398:Wildlife 5308:Insect: 4998:Sarvajna 3182:(1949); 2963:Kalidasa 2855:such as 2808:choupadi 2800:sangatya 2788:sangatya 2760:sangatya 2732:sangatya 2671:sangatya 2661:"Modern 2614:Lilavati 2545:sangatya 2533:sangatya 2494:kirthane 2478:sangatya 2470:Tirupati 2462:choupadi 2446:sangatya 2428:— 2396:shatpadi 2256:prasanga 2250:and the 2244:Ramayana 2217:Marathas 2204:19th c. 2196:19th c. 2188:19th c. 2180:18th c. 2172:18th c. 2154:18th c. 2146:18th c. 2138:18th c. 2130:18th c. 2122:18th c. 2114:18th c. 2106:18th c. 2098:18th c. 2072:18th c. 2003:— 1984:— 1911:18th c. 1903:18th c. 1895:18th c. 1892:Konayya 1887:18th c. 1871:18th c. 1863:18th c. 1855:18th c. 1847:18th c. 1831:18th c. 1828:Payanna 1823:18th c. 1799:18th c. 1657:sangatya 1644:kirtanes 1635:sangatya 1625:(1675), 1611:sangatya 1560:shatpadi 1524:(1681); 1520:(1679); 1516:(1680); 1500:saints; 1474:sangatya 1399:Jayadeva 1382:Golconda 1374:Marathas 1330:sangatya 1270:Yelandur 1206:sangatya 1179:Ramayana 1170:sangatya 1145:17th c. 1137:17th c. 1129:17th c. 1121:17th c. 1113:17th c. 1105:17th c. 1089:17th c. 1085:Sarvajna 1079:17th c. 1071:17th c. 1053:17th c. 1037:17th c. 1029:17th c. 1019:17th c. 1003:17th c. 971:17th c. 931:17th c. 923:17th c. 907:17th c. 891:17th c. 739:shatpadi 727:Advaitha 723:Kaivalya 711:vachanas 694:Sarvajna 581:epigraph 571:Chattana 456:Ramayana 420:Palegars 389:Haridasa 361:ugabhoga 353:kirthane 330:shatpadi 314:Vachanas 261:Haridasa 235:Sarvajna 151:shatpadi 113:Yelandur 6350:Beaches 6342:Tourism 6319:society 6295:Kuvempu 6071:Vachana 6057:Hoysala 6009:Kannada 5946:Kannada 5941:Kamsale 5898:Culture 5753:Raichur 5733:Ballari 5700:Dharwad 5695:Bijapur 5652:Shimoga 5481:Halmidi 5408:History 5373:History 5353:Economy 5343:Cuisine 5338:Climate 5216:Capital 4864:7796041 3164:Kuvempu 2926:Macbeth 2906:Othello 2853:ballads 2790:metre, 2762:metre; 2675:Durvasa 2649:of the 2582:Bharata 2535:metre ( 2492:), and 2480:metre ( 2474:vachana 2450:Melkote 2404:tripadi 2325:Chennai 2309:sangita 2296:Sugriva 2272:maddale 2225:Dalavoy 1935:tripadi 1931:vachana 1852:Surala 1595:Kannauj 1423:Melkote 1389:called 1313:prince 1311:Pandava 1290:elegiac 1242:vyakhya 1194:phanams 1183:Valmiki 803:Macbeth 706:vachana 702:vachana 681:vachana 666:Gujarat 608:Sahitya 585:Bellary 341:Brahmin 322:tripadi 310:Jainism 287:Jainism 233:Age of 227:poetry. 224:Vachana 147:tripadi 122:vachana 88:Nayakas 84:Jainism 6451:Cinema 6390:Awards 6315:People 6165:Basava 6099:Modern 6085:Mysore 5961:Khedda 5956:Kasuti 5883:Kanara 5858:Taluks 5848:Rivers 5811:Mysore 5806:Mandya 5801:Kodagu 5796:Hassan 5763:Yadgir 5748:Koppal 5705:Haveri 5431:Badami 5416:Aihole 5388:Sports 5383:People 5333:Cinema 5302:Fish: 5276:Flower 5258:Animal 5238:Emblem 5156: 5137: 5118: 5099: 5080: 5061: 5042: 5023: 5004: 4976: 4955: 4936: 4917: 4898: 4879: 4862: 4843: 4820: 4801: 4782: 3608:Bhat ( 2879:Bunyan 2768:champu 2606:Anekal 2594:champu 2553:champu 2381:ankita 2337:dvaita 2313:nataka 2276:chende 2246:, the 2229:Dalwai 2053:Dates 1963:is to 1957:Telugu 1955:is to 1953:Vemana 1591:Harsha 1552:kavyas 1490:champu 1478:champu 1451:champu 1386:Keladi 1315:Arjuna 1299:cantos 1262:champu 1250:Panini 1238:vritti 1234:sutras 1198:Mughal 650:bhakti 628:Alvars 624:bhakti 551:Ikkeri 540:Kerala 450:, the 440:champu 428:Tumkur 424:Mysore 408:Ikkeri 404:Keladi 387:, and 357:suladi 326:ragale 302:champu 216:Champu 143:metres 109:malnad 100:champu 92:Keladi 6471:Radio 6443:Media 6360:Forts 6200:Janna 6155:Ranna 6135:Asaga 6022:Epics 5816:Udupi 5738:Bidar 5710:Gadag 5647:Kolar 5486:Hampi 5446:Belur 5378:Media 5298:Mango 5294:Fruit 5280:Lotus 5203:State 3168:doyen 3043:Diwan 2712:kavya 2708:Aliya 2679:Indra 2663:Bhoja 2592:, in 2486:gadya 2349:Vedas 2317:natya 2280:sruti 2080:1680 2050:Poet 1965:Tamil 1879:1728 1839:1792 1815:1740 1807:1720 1791:1713 1783:1708 1775:1720 1767:1700 1639:Belur 1498:Alvar 1482:gadya 1407:Radha 1378:Nizam 1266:Pampa 1246:padas 1097:1655 1063:1604 1045:1650 1011:1685 995:1677 987:1680 979:1675 963:1679 955:1698 947:1690 939:1700 915:1650 899:1650 883:1648 875:1650 867:1630 859:1600 781:Bible 532:bhuta 520:Udupi 365:marga 193:play 184:Date 159:gadya 6355:Dams 6317:and 6092:Play 5608:and 5285:Tree 5267:Bird 5247:Song 5154:ISBN 5135:ISBN 5116:ISBN 5097:ISBN 5078:ISBN 5059:ISBN 5040:ISBN 5021:ISBN 5002:ISBN 4974:ISBN 4953:ISBN 4934:ISBN 4915:ISBN 4896:ISBN 4877:ISBN 4860:OCLC 4841:ISBN 4818:ISBN 4799:ISBN 4780:ISBN 3144:Gari 2990:and 2954:lit. 2899:and 2847:and 2720:lit. 2697:tala 2687:and 2659:lit. 2504:and 2357:dasa 2341:Hari 2300:Vali 2274:and 2264:matu 2227:(or 1959:and 1919:lit. 1722:and 1712:Rama 1629:and 1619:Jain 1576:lit. 1476:and 1224:and 832:lit. 812:and 696:and 690:lit. 664:and 643:and 528:Naga 516:lit. 504:lit. 476:lit. 434:and 369:desi 318:lit. 237:and 5205:of 3056:'s 3050:lit 2923:), 2877:by 2806:in 2798:in 2786:in 2758:in 2508:). 2484:), 1655:in 1633:in 1593:of 1401:'s 1380:of 1328:in 1280:'s 737:in 538:of 90:of 74:or 62:in 6488:: 5296:: 5287:: 5278:: 5269:: 5260:: 5249:: 5240:: 5218:: 4725:^ 4614:^ 4600:^ 4559:^ 4394:^ 4382:^ 4368:^ 4356:^ 4344:^ 4305:^ 4287:^ 4275:^ 4263:^ 3883:^ 3869:^ 3857:^ 3818:^ 3797:^ 3763:^ 3711:^ 3670:^ 3647:^ 3635:^ 3554:^ 3540:^ 3519:^ 3496:^ 3466:^ 3220:^ 3178:, 2986:, 2982:, 2978:, 2974:, 2970:, 2966:, 2500:, 1671:) 1512:; 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Knowledge (XXG)

Mysore literature in Kannada

Index