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398:. Dragons were identified with serpents, though their attributes were greatly intensified. The dragon was supposed to have been larger than all other animals. It was believed that the dragon had no harmful poison but was able to slay anything it embraced without any need for venom. Biblical scriptures speak of the dragon in reference to the devil, and they were used to denote sin in general during the Middle Ages. Dragons were said to have dwelled in places like Ethiopia and India, based on the idea that there was always heat present in these locations.
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379:. Unicorns, for example, were described as extraordinarily swift and uncatchable by traditional methods. It was believed that the only way for one to catch this beast was to lead a virgin to its dwelling. Then, the unicorn was supposed to leap into her lap and go to sleep, at which point a hunter could finally capture it. In terms of symbolism, the unicorn was a metaphor for Christ. Unicorns represented the idea of innocence and purity. In the
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implications were of primary importance. Animals we know to have existed were still presented with a fantastical approach. It seems the religious and moral implications of animals were far more significant than matching a physical likeness in these renderings. Nona C. Flores explains, "By the tenth century, artists were increasingly bound by allegorical interpretation, and abandoned naturalistic depictions."
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Physical detail was not the central focus of the artists depicting such animals, and medieval bestiaries were not conceived as biological categorizations. Creatures like the unicorn and griffin were not categorized in a separate "mythological" section in medieval bestiaries, as the symbolic
323:, animals, both real and mythical, played important roles. These included decorative forms as in medieval jewellery, sometimes with their limbs intricately interlaced. Animal forms were used to add humor or majesty to objects. In
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387::10 states, "My horn shalt thou exalt like the horn of a unicorn." This is because the translators of the King James erroneously translated the Hebrew word
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as unicorn. Later versions translate this as wild ox. The unicorn's small size signifies the humility of Christ.
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Flores, Nona C., "The Mirror of Nature
Distorted: The Medieval Artist's Dilemma in Depicting Animals". In
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Another common legendary creature that served allegorical functions within the Middle Ages was the
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718:, New Series, Vol. 44, No. 1, "A Medieval Bestiary" (Summer, 1986), pp. 1+12–55, 17.
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Grimal, Pierre. The
Dictionary of Classical Mythology. Blackwell Reference, 1986.
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Sabin, Frances E. Classical Myths That Live Today. Silver
Burdett Company, 1940.
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467:. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 581–582.
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The Mark of the Beast: The
Medieval Bestiary in Art, Life, and Literature
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A variety of mythical animals appear in the art and stories of the
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tales for the protagonist to destroy. Other creatures, such as the
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Boehm, Barbara Drake; Holcomb, Melanie (January 2012) .
558:. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press, Incorporated. p.
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One function of mythical animals in the Middle Ages was
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Some classical era creatures, such as the (horse/human)
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included animals regardless of biological reality; the
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Gravestock, Pamela. "Did
Imaginary Animals Exist?" In
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Sacred
Narrative: Readings in the Theory of Mythology
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and were believed to be real creatures. For example,
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486:. University of California Press. p.
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514:Simpson, Jacqueline; Roud, Steve (2000).
630:. Abhinav Publications. pp. 68–69.
208:(above) alongside real animals like the
716:The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin
583:Delahoyde, M.; McCartney, Katherine S.
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451:Phillips, Catherine Beatrice (1911).
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335:represented a guardian of the dead.
165:List of Greek mythological creatures
422:List of legendary creatures by type
204:included mythical animals like the
161:List of legendary creatures by type
229:, monstrous creatures include the
132:by various scholars of antiquity.
112:, monstrous creatures such as the
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585:"Monsters in Classical Mythology"
245:to confront. Other tales include
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517:A Dictionary of English Folklore
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36:Several mythical creatures from
627:Mythical Animals in Indian Art
128:, were claimed in accounts of
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587:. Washington State University
2074:(metal in the United States)
732:The Medieval World of Nature
670:. Metropolitan Museum of Art
417:Lists of legendary creatures
180:In classical mythology, the
62:) between 1790 and 1822, by
624:Murthy, K. Krishna (1985).
520:. Oxford University Press.
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734:. New York: Garland. 1993.
705:. New York: Garland. 1999.
651:O'Flaherty, Wendy (1975).
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668:"Animals in Medieval Art"
653:Hindu Myths: A Sourcebook
184:was defeated by the hero
149:Vegetable Lamb of Tartary
56:picture book for children
64:Friedrich Justin Bertuch
2312:List of oldest heraldry
464:Encyclopædia Britannica
351:symbolised temptation.
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223:. For example, in the
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159:Further information:
79:mythological creature
40:Bilderbuch für Kinder
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85:entity, typically a
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257:to be destroyed by
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807:Grant of arms
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325:Christian art
322:
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308:. Similarly,
307:
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241:for the hero
240:
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34:
30:
19:
2286:Phaleristics
2219:Roll of arms
2185:Applications
2097:Bleu celeste
2083:Rare colours
1776:Ormonde/Wake
1661:Fleur-de-lis
1469:
1223:Inescutcheon
1188:Crozier head
1033:Coat of arms
920:Augmentation
827:King of Arms
731:
715:
710:
702:
672:. Retrieved
661:
652:
646:
626:
619:
610:
601:
589:. Retrieved
578:
554:
543:
531:. Retrieved
516:
509:
501:
481:
473:
462:
446:
400:
393:
374:
347:, while the
321:medieval art
318:
287:
224:
218:
134:
107:
78:
74:
70:
68:
55:
37:
29:
2291:Vexillology
2052:Rare metals
2032:(blood red)
1630:Winged lion
1610:Sea-griffin
1545:Hippocampus
1478:Allocamelus
1120:Fimbriation
1048:Compartment
1025:Achievement
993:Marshalling
959:distinction
817:Law of arms
802:Authorities
329:Holy Spirit
93:(including
2346:Categories
2236:equestrian
2020:(mulberry)
1746:Harrington
1676:Quatrefoil
1605:Salamander
1550:Hippogriff
1508:Cockatrice
1488:Amphiptere
1460:Wolfsangel
1440:Portcullis
1352:Black swan
1306:Camelopard
1135:Ordinaries
1053:Escutcheon
1003:impalement
998:quartering
981:variations
899:Attributed
837:pursuivant
655:. Penguin.
555:Tree Ferns
438:References
314:Piasa Bird
306:Indian art
285:involved.
261:, and the
202:bestiaries
120:appear in
2329:resources
2274:socialist
2197:Hatchment
2192:Bookplate
2172:Carnation
2159:Realistic
1972:Erminites
1810:Tinctures
1761:Hinckaert
1726:Bourchier
1580:Ouroboros
1565:Manticore
1470:Legendary
1445:Reremouse
1382:Przepaska
1311:Hind/stag
1301:Dog/hound
1110:Attitudes
1087:Supporter
1015:Societies
976:divisions
925:abatement
754:creatures
674:5 January
591:6 January
371:, Vietnam
349:manticore
239:Charybdis
206:monoceros
200:Medieval
155:Creatures
137:mythology
103:modernity
2281:Logotype
2224:Illyrian
2106:Brunâtre
2030:Sanguine
1967:Erminois
1935:(purple)
1828:Hatching
1823:Tricking
1786:Stafford
1686:Shamrock
1635:Woodwose
1615:Sea-lion
1585:Pantheon
1560:Lindworm
1503:Chollima
1498:Biscione
1493:Basilisk
1415:Crapaudy
1316:Kangaroo
1178:Componée
1172:Łękawica
1068:pavilion
1063:Mantling
942:courtesy
937:Alliance
865:dominion
860:National
791:Heraldry
552:(2004).
533:24 March
406:See also
385:Psalm 92
377:allegory
355:Allegory
341:basilisk
310:sphinxes
300:and the
294:chimaera
279:monsters
277:. These
269:, while
267:Heracles
255:Minotaur
243:Odysseus
182:Minotaur
145:griffins
118:Minotaur
116:and the
91:folklore
2257:Related
2125:Cendrée
2108:(brown)
1962:Ermines
1933:Purpure
1923:(green)
1899:(black)
1872:Colours
1852:(white)
1756:Heneage
1698:Thistle
1691:Trefoil
1625:Unicorn
1600:Phoenix
1595:Pegasus
1590:Panther
1575:Musimon
1570:Mermaid
1555:Lampago
1525:Enfield
1518:Chinese
1455:Serpent
1450:Scallop
1420:Dolphin
1394:Pelican
1389:Martlet
1377:Szaszor
1347:Alerion
1321:Leopard
1296:Bull/ox
1270:Saltire
1258:Roundel
1233:Lozenge
1203:Flaunch
1168:Chevron
1158:Bordure
1143:Annulet
1115:Erasure
1102:Charges
966:Canting
954:Cadency
915:Armiger
889:Burgher
842:private
812:History
461:(ed.).
367:in the
333:griffin
290:centaur
275:harpies
259:Theseus
251:Perseus
231:Cyclops
226:Odyssey
186:Theseus
141:dragons
126:unicorn
114:Cyclops
108:In the
99:legends
83:fantasy
49:
2269:Emblem
2243:Tabard
2167:Proper
2146:
2141:Orange
2138:
2130:
2122:
2114:
2112:
2104:
2102:
2094:
2091:
2070:
2068:
2063:Copper
2060:
2039:
2036:
2027:
2024:
2018:Murrey
2015:
2012:
2005:Stains
1994:Potent
1957:Ermine
1930:
1927:
1918:
1915:
1911:(blue)
1906:
1903:
1894:
1891:
1882:
1879:
1864:(gold)
1859:
1856:
1850:Argent
1847:
1844:
1837:Metals
1703:Turnip
1654:Plants
1640:Wyvern
1530:Garuda
1513:Dragon
1483:Alphyn
1279:Beasts
1263:Bezant
1218:Hamade
1208:Goutte
1163:Canton
1080:slogan
1058:Helmet
949:Blazon
908:Topics
832:herald
634:
566:
524:
502:table.
494:
396:dragon
365:dragon
298:Triton
283:heroes
271:Aeneas
247:Medusa
235:Scylla
122:heroic
87:hybrid
2214:Badge
2133:Ochre
2042:Tenné
1909:Azure
1897:Sable
1887:(red)
1885:Gules
1781:Savoy
1741:Dacre
1731:Bowen
1718:Knots
1620:Tyger
1540:Harpy
1425:Emmet
1403:Other
1372:Eagle
1340:Birds
1228:Label
1213:Gyron
1193:Chief
1183:Cross
1125:Lines
1092:Torse
1075:Motto
1043:Crest
988:Fraud
971:Field
894:Women
882:papal
870:civic
853:Types
457:. In
389:re'em
345:devil
263:Hydra
95:myths
2231:Seal
2202:Flag
2149:Rose
2116:Buff
2072:Buff
1989:Vair
1977:Pean
1944:Furs
1921:Vert
1796:Wake
1771:Lacy
1681:Rose
1645:Yale
1435:Lucy
1367:Dove
1362:Crow
1357:Cock
1331:Wolf
1326:Lion
1291:Boar
1286:Bear
1253:Pile
1248:Pall
1243:Pale
1238:Orle
1198:Fess
1153:Bend
676:2017
632:ISBN
593:2017
564:ISBN
535:2013
522:ISBN
492:ISBN
237:and
210:bear
163:and
97:and
46:lit.
2264:Mon
1671:Oak
1430:Ged
1410:Bee
1148:Bar
560:360
319:In
77:or
2348::
1862:Or
723:^
684:^
562:.
500:.
490:.
383:,
296:,
292:,
233:,
143:,
105:.
69:A
1174:)
1170:(
783:e
776:t
769:v
678:.
640:.
595:.
572:.
537:.
488:9
212:.
188:.
60:'
52:'
44:(
20:)
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