771:
133:
320:(CLOS) missiles do not home in on a particular aspect (heat source or radio or radar transmissions) of the targeted aircraft. Instead, the missile operator or gunner visually acquires the target using a magnified optical sight and then uses radio controls to "fly" the missile into the aircraft. One of the benefits of such a missile is that it is virtually immune to flares and other basic countermeasure systems that are designed primarily to defeat IR missiles. The major drawback of CLOS missiles is that they require highly trained and skilled operators. Numerous reports from the
937:
929:
117:
105:
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itself, with the user only having to make coarse aim corrections. Because there are no radio data links from the ground to the missile, the missile cannot be effectively jammed after it is launched. Even though beam-riding missiles require relatively extensive training and skill to operate, many experts consider these missiles particularly menacing due to the missiles' resistance to most conventional countermeasures in use today.
219:
thermal signatures from background sources, including the sun, which many experts feel makes them somewhat unreliable, and they are prone to erratic behaviour in the terminal phase of engagement. While less effective than more modern weapons, they remain common in irregular forces as they are not limited by the short shelf-life of gas coolant cartridges used by later systems.
945:
148:
33:
1397:
Footnote 1 in original source (CRS RL31741): "Shoulder-fired SAMs have been used effectively in a variety of conflicts ranging from the Arab-Israeli Wars, Vietnam, the Iran-Iraq War, to the
Falklands Conflict, as well as conflicts in Nicaragua, Yemen, Angola, and Uganda, the Chad-Libya Conflict, and
374:
can engage aircraft from all angles and only require the operator to continuously track the target using a joystick to keep the laser aim point on the target: the latest version of RBS 70 features a tracking engagement mode where fine aim adjustments of the laser emitter are handled by the launcher
332:
CLOS missile because it was too difficult to learn to use and highly inaccurate, particularly when employed against fast-moving jet aircraft. Given these considerations, many experts believe that CLOS missiles are not as ideally suited for untrained personnel use as IR missiles, which sometimes are
95:
The missiles are about 1.5 to 1.8 m (5 to 6 ft) in length and weigh about 17 to 18 kg (37 to 40 lb), depending on the model. MANPADS generally have a target detection range of about 10 km (6 mi) and an engagement range of about 6 km (4 mi), so aircraft flying
218:
from background noise. This means they are only capable of accurately tracking the aircraft from the rear when the engines are fully exposed to the missile's seeker and provide a sufficient thermal signature for engagement. First generation IR missiles are also highly susceptible to interfering
1316:
Although most MANPADS are owned and accounted for by governments, political upheavals and corruption have allowed thousands of them to enter the black market. In the years 1998–2018, at least 72 non-state groups have fielded MANPADS. Civilians in the United States cannot legally own MANPADS.
824:
remarked that there was "no threat more serious to aviation" than the missiles, which can be used to shoot down helicopters and commercial airliners, and are sold illegally for as little as a few hundred dollars. The U.S. has led a global effort to dismantle these weapons, with over 30,000
1398:
the
Balkans Conflict in the 1990s. Some analysts claim that Afghan mujahedin downed 269 Soviet aircraft using 340 shoulder-fired SAMs during the Soviet-Afghan War and that 12 of 29 Allied aircraft shot down during the 1991 Gulf War were downed by MANPADS."
87:
Twenty-five countries, including the United
Kingdom, the United States, Poland, Sweden, Russia, and Iran produce man-portable air defense systems. Possession, export, and trafficking of such weapons is tightly controlled, due to the threat they pose to
83:
groups have used them against commercial airliners. These missiles, affordable and widely available through a variety of sources, have been used successfully over the past three decades both in military conflicts and by terrorist organizations.
365:
MANPADS use beam-riding guidance where a sensor in the missile's tail detects the emissions from a laser on the launcher and attempts to steer the missile to fly at the exact middle of the beam, or between two beams. Missiles such as Sweden's
710:, carrying 271 vacationers from Mombasa back to Israel. In the photos, the missile systems were painted in light blue, the color used in the Soviet military for training material (a training SA-7 round would not have the guidance system).
239:, use gas-cooled seeker heads and a conical scanning technique, which enables the seeker to filter out most interfering background IR sources as well as permitting head-on and side engagement profiles. Later versions of the
664:, before a second missile hit its tail. The plane erupted into flames in mid-air before crashing into the garden of the presidential palace, exploding on impact. This incident was the ignition spark of the
641:
1385:, CRS Report for Congress RL31741, February 16, 2006 by the Congressional Research Service, division of The Library of Congress which as a work of the Federal Government exists in the public domain.
485:
2073:
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841:(FAS) confirmed that "only a handful" of illicit MANPADS were recovered from national resistance caches in Iraq in 2009, according to media reports and interviews with military sources.
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1662:
770:
810:
739:
79:
MANPADS were developed in the 1950s to provide military ground forces with protection from jet aircraft. They have received a great deal of attention, partly because armed
480:
604:
is the first example of a civilian airliner shot down by a man-portable surface-to-air missile. The pilot of the aircraft managed to make a controlled crash landing.
2223:
713:
389:
1468:
2013:
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was used to attack Indian aircraft during the Kargil conflict with India. A MiG-27 of the Indian Air Force was shot down by
Pakistan Army Air Defence forces.
267:
detectors to produce a quasi-image of the target. Their seeker compares input from multiple detections bands, either two widely separated IR bands or IR and
761:. Witnesses claim that a surface-to-air missile was fired immediately prior to the accident. However, Somali officials deny that the aircraft was shot down.
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1991:
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132:
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Marvin B. Schaffer, "Concerns About
Terrorists With Manportable SAMS", RAND Corporation Reports, October 1993, quoted in CRS RL31741
838:
802:
340:, use a solid-state television camera in lieu of the optical tracker to make the gunner's task easier. The Javelin's manufacturer,
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missile, which resulted in the loss of its hydraulic systems. The crew later landed the crippled aircraft safely by using only
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2193:
Short Range SAM Division, Missile and Space
Intelligence Center, Defense Intelligence Agency. Undated (published 2002).
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are regarded as straddling the first and second generations as they are gas-cooled but still use a spin-scan seeker.
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was shot down by a MANPADS over rebel-held territory while conducting airstrikes over Syria's northwestern city of
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Kai MANPADS at a mock airborne target in the
Pacific Alaskan Range Complex as part of Red Flag – Alaska in 2008.
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voluntarily destroyed since 2003, but probably thousands are still in the hands of insurgents, especially in
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1983:
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116:
692:
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532:
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406:
271:, giving them much greater ability to discern and reject countermeasures deployed by the target aircraft.
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The first missiles deployed in the 1960s were infrared missiles. First generation MANPADS, such as the US
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56:
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321:
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in or near the heat source to disable the aircraft or to simply burst it into flames. These missiles use
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using MANPADS. Since then, other instances have been videoed and shared on social media platforms.
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1862:
2096:"SeaFuture 2023 - First public appearance of MBDA Italy Next Generation V-SHORAD concept mock-up"
1925:
1901:
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A 9K38 Igla (NATO reporting name: SA-18) dual missile launch platform mounted on a
Mercedes-Benz
653:
645:
341:
210:(A copy of the Soviet Strela-2), are considered "tail-chase weapons" as their uncooled spin-scan
187:
1522:"Raytheon Electronic Systems FIM-92 Stinger Low-Altitude Surface-to-Air Missile System Family",
174:
Infrared homing missiles are designed to home-in on a heat source on an aircraft, typically the
303:
guidance systems and other advanced sensor systems, which permit engagement at greater ranges.
2226:
1284:
1043:
1038:
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1581:"The vulnerability of laser warning systems against guided weapons based on low power lasers"
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329:
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1902:"Countering the MANPADS threat: strategies for success (man-portable air defense systems)"
1826:
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703:
292:
252:
211:
169:
1773:
1535:
Timothy
Gusinov, "Portable Weapons May Become the Next Weapon of Choice for Terrorists",
849:
With the growing number of MANPADS attacks on civilian airliners, a number of different
2167:
2163:"The Loose "Shoot and Scoot" Missiles and the Threat to Aviation | the New Yorker"
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MANPADS: Combating the Threat to Global
Aviation from Man-Portable Air Defense Systems
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1204:
1015:
1005:
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300:
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109:
37:
2220:—links to hundreds of documents on MANPADS, their proliferation, and control efforts
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1774:"Ukrainian soldier shoots down missile using portable anti-aircraft missile system"
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systems have been developed specifically to protect aircraft against the missiles.
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International Airport. The missiles missed the aircraft which continued safely to
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carrying three French crew and nine passengers, including Rwandan president
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829:, where they were looted from the military arsenals of the former dictator
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item for insurgent forces. Their proliferation became the subject of the
707:
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64:
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are U.S.-produced systems, developed by Sanders Associates in the 1970s.
344:, claims that their missile is virtually impervious to countermeasures.
227:
Second generation infrared missiles, such as early versions of the U.S.
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559:
179:
147:
17:
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Wade Bose, "Wassenaar Agreement Agrees on MANPADS Export Criteria",
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involved 5 civilian aircraft shot down within a total of 4 days in
587:, Ukrainian forces were recorded allegedly shooting down a Russian
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2137:"Delivery of PorSav Very Low Altitude Air Defense Missile Starts"
1461:"Defence & Security Intelligence & Analysis - Jane's 360"
1114:
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1000:
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288:
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at 6,100 metres (20,000 ft) or higher are relatively safe.
1373:
Homeland Security: Protecting Airliners from Terrorist Missiles
32:
736:
by adjusting the individual throttle controls of each engine.
486:
List of aviation shootdowns and accidents during the Iraq War
112:
missile just after launch, before the sustainer motor ignites
2066:"How Iran's Revived Weapons Exports Could Boost Its Proxies"
1858:
G-8 to Take Further Steps to Enhance Transportation Security
795:
124:(Igla) missile with launch tube and gripstock (top) and an
2014:"DRDO conducts successful test flight of VSHORADS missile"
1655:"French Deadline Passes With No Word From Serbs on Pilots"
279:
Fourth generation missiles, such as the canceled American
214:
can only discern the superheated interior of the target's
1716:"Russian fighter jet shot down in Syria's Idlib province"
476:
List of Russian aircraft losses in the Second Chechen War
465:, prompting efforts to obtain improved defensive systems.
92:, although such efforts have not always been successful.
1953:"Iraq's Looted Arms Depots: What the GAO Didn't Mention"
1886:
Man-Portable Air Defense System (MANPADS) Proliferation
1799:"Reddit post of MANPADS shooting down a cruise missile"
251:
Third generation infrared MANPADS, such as the French
1420:, January/February 2001, p. 1., quoted in CRS RL31741
336:
Later versions of CLOS missiles, such as the British
811:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
2036:"Iranian TOW Missile Knockoffs Spread to War Zones"
1919:Jehl, Douglas; Sanger, David E. (6 November 2004).
1861:, Federation of American Scientists, archived from
910:
Countermeasures and Naturelink Aviation, using non-
815:
Decision No. 7/03: Man-portable Air Defense Systems
740:
2007 Mogadishu TransAVIAexport Airlines Il-76 crash
807:Bangkok Declaration on Partnership for the Future
778:of the Mexican Navy in a Mexican military parade.
678:shot down an aircraft off the coast of Sri Lanka.
481:List of Coalition aircraft crashes in Afghanistan
2111:"SUNGUR'da PorSav hava savunma füzeleri görüldü"
618:missile. All 59 passengers and crew were killed.
328:as being disappointed with the British-supplied
782:Man-portable air defense systems are a popular
2195:https://fas.org/irp/dia/manpads_components.pdf
792:(WA)22 Elements for Export Controls of MANPADS
714:2003 Baghdad DHL attempted shootdown incident
390:List of Soviet aircraft losses in Afghanistan
8:
1539:, January 2003, p. 2., quoted in CRS RL31741
457:was shot down over Bosnia by a heat-seeking
1743:"Two Ukrainian Mi-24s shot down by MANPADS"
610:was also shot down in February 1979 by the
333:referred to as "fire and forget" missiles.
2224:Man-Portable Air Defence Systems (MANPADS)
1579:Richardson, Mark, and Al-Jaberi, Mubarak,
1488:
1486:
528:. 127 Russian troops and crew were killed.
1526:, October 13, 2000, quoted in CRS RL31741
1368:Portions of this article were taken from
837:as well. In August 2010, a report by the
813:(OSCE), Forum for Security Co-operation,
400:British air services in the Falklands War
395:Argentine air forces in the Falklands War
128:(Igla-1) missile and launch tube (bottom)
2016:. Times of India. PTI. 28 September 2022
1342:Civil Aircraft Missile Protection System
899:Civil Aircraft Missile Protection System
1390:
29:Portable surface-to-air missile weapons
1583:, Cranfield University, April 28, 2006
1509:
1507:
461:missile fired by air defense units of
432:, operating from the aircraft carrier
1994:from the original on 29 December 2013
1753:from the original on 13 November 2014
1741:de Larrinaga, Nicholas (3 May 2014).
1604:from the original on 26 December 2016
1561:, 2003, p. 37., quoted in CRS RL31741
428:of the 801 Naval Air Squadron of the
7:
1963:from the original on 9 November 2010
1921:"U.S. Expands List of Lost Missiles"
1772:Mazurenko, Alona (10 October 2022).
1696:from the original on 3 February 2009
1634:from the original on 8 February 2018
1594:"Airframe Details for F-16 #84-1390"
1557:"Land-Based Air Defence 2003-2004",
948:HS M09 hybrid air-defense system on
876:AN/ALQ-212 ATIRCM, AN/AAQ-24 Nemesis
672:1998 Lionair Flight LN 602 shootdown
612:Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army
602:1978 Air Rhodesia Viscount shootdown
493:: On 19 August 2002, a Russian-made
2240:—Analysis of MANPADS effectiveness.
2076:from the original on 4 January 2018
2046:from the original on 5 January 2018
1441:from the original on 31 August 2006
820:Understanding the problem in 2003,
2233:Man Portable Missiles vs Airliners
2109:Kolukısa, Hasan (30 August 2020).
1984:"Where Have All the MANPADS Gone?"
940:Departure of a rocket from MANPADS
25:
1933:from the original on 31 July 2017
1722:from the original on 13 June 2018
1653:Cohen, Roger (11 December 1995).
1624:"UK: Igla missile's potent force"
1471:from the original on 5 April 2006
839:Federation of American Scientists
803:Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
801:of 2 June 2003, the October 2003
749:airplane crashed in outskirts of
1665:from the original on 12 May 2016
585:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
573:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
186:, meaning that they do not emit
45:Man-portable air-defense systems
1195:Soviet Union/Russian Federation
583:On 10 October 2022, during the
202:, early versions of the Soviet
63:and are a threat to low-flying
1357:Man-portable anti-tank systems
932:Practice shooting from MANPADS
879:are NATO systems developed by
297:Type 91 surface-to-air missile
178:exhaust plume, and detonate a
1:
1431:"MANPADS Proliferation - FAS"
642:surface-to-air missile struck
623:1993 Sukhumi airliner attacks
508:, causing it to crash into a
682:2002 Mombasa airliner attack
656:, as it prepared to land in
539:MANPADS were used by Georgia
405:On 27 February 1991, during
2238:Are Helicopters Vulnerable?
1820:Northrop Grumman fact sheet
1684:John Pike (21 March 1999).
684:: On 28 November 2002, two
2285:
734:differential engine thrust
716:: On 22 November 2003, an
695:were fired at a chartered
448:Operation Deliberate Force
446:On 30 August 1995, during
351:
310:
167:
1747:IHS Jane's Defence Weekly
1352:Northrop Grumman Guardian
724:, operating on behalf of
674:: On 7 October 1998, the
595:Against civilian aircraft
491:2002 Khankala Mi-26 crash
439:, was brought down by an
420:On 16 April 1994, during
384:Against military aircraft
324:in the 1980s cite Afghan
1718:. BBC. 3 February 2018.
759:2007 Battle of Mogadishu
744:TransAVIAexport Airlines
652:and Burundian president
644:one of the wings of the
463:Army of Republika Srpska
2259:Surface-to-air missiles
2070:Washingtoninstitute.org
1332:Infrared countermeasure
1220:9K338 ' Igla-S' (SA-24)
1205:9K36 'Strela-3' (SA-14)
1200:9K32M 'Strela-2' (SA-7)
1139:Type 91 (SAM-2, SAM-2B)
693:surface-to-air missiles
608:Air Rhodesia Flight 827
579:Against cruise missiles
155:SAM fired from a M1097
57:surface-to-air missiles
2216:31 August 2006 at the
1337:Aerial countermeasures
1210:9K310 'Igla-M' (SA-16)
956:
941:
933:
779:
742:: On 23 March 2007, a
547:On 3 February 2018, a
533:2008 South Ossetia War
499:surface-to-air missile
407:Operation Desert Storm
281:FIM-92 Stinger Block 2
160:
144:
129:
113:
41:
2211:MANPADS Proliferation
2141:RayHaber | RaillyNews
1839:"MANPADS at a Glance"
1327:Anti-aircraft warfare
1225:9K333 'Verba' (SA-25)
947:
939:
931:
902:(CAMPS)—Developed by
809:and in July 2003 the
788:Wassenaar Arrangement
773:
637:, killing 108 people.
516:at Khankala near the
422:Operation Deny Flight
313:Command line-of-sight
307:Command line-of-sight
299:use imaging infrared
159:Air Defense platform.
150:
135:
119:
107:
35:
1548:CRS RL31741 page 2-3
1501:CRS RL31741 page 1-2
1383:Stanford Web Archive
702:as it took off from
468:On 27 May 1999, the
413:was shot down by an
2175:on 14 December 2018
1537:Washington Diplomat
1381:5 June 2008 at the
1215:9K38 'Igla' (SA-18)
650:Juvénal Habyarimana
640:On 6 April 1994, a
556:Major Roman Filipov
1926:The New York Times
1865:on 6 November 2010
1825:2007-10-30 at the
1801:. 28 December 2022
1659:The New York Times
1630:. 13 August 2003.
1570:CRS RL31741 page 3
1513:CRS RL31741 page 2
1418:Arms Control Today
1407:CRS RL31741 page 1
957:
942:
934:
924:Weapons by country
780:
654:Cyprien Ntaryamira
646:Dassault Falcon 50
501:hit an overloaded
342:Thales Air Defence
235:, and the Chinese
206:, and the Chinese
161:
145:
130:
114:
42:
2227:Small Arms Survey
1982:Drummond, Katie.
1906:Access my library
952:vehicle with 8 Ă—
686:shoulder-launched
322:Soviet–Afghan War
301:focal plane array
275:Fourth generation
223:Second generation
16:(Redirected from
2276:
2264:Infantry weapons
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2171:. Archived from
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2042:. 18 June 2016.
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1261:FIM-92 'Stinger'
885:Northrop Grumman
666:Rwandan genocide
543:Syrian Civil War
452:French Air Force
318:Command guidance
265:rosette scanning
247:Third generation
194:First generation
184:passive guidance
157:AN/TWQ-1 Avenger
21:
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1396:
1392:
1365:
1323:
1314:
1256:FIM-43 'Redeye'
926:
894:
847:
805:(APEC) Summit,
768:
766:Countermeasures
597:
581:
497:shoulder-fired
386:
381:
360:
352:Main articles:
350:
315:
309:
277:
249:
225:
196:
188:heat signatures
172:
170:Infrared homing
166:
137:Japanese airmen
102:
77:
55:) are portable
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2282:
2280:
2272:
2271:
2269:Portable tools
2266:
2261:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2235:
2230:
2221:
2206:
2205:External links
2203:
2200:
2199:
2186:
2168:The New Yorker
2154:
2128:
2101:
2098:. 5 June 2023.
2087:
2057:
2027:
2005:
1974:
1944:
1911:
1893:
1876:
1848:
1830:
1812:
1790:
1764:
1733:
1707:
1676:
1645:
1615:
1585:
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1563:
1550:
1541:
1528:
1524:Jane's Defence
1515:
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1051:United Kingdom
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920:
893:
890:
889:
888:
872:
851:countermeasure
846:
843:
831:Saddam Hussein
767:
764:
763:
762:
747:Ilyushin Il-76
737:
728:was hit by an
711:
679:
669:
638:
619:
605:
596:
593:
589:cruise missile
580:
577:
576:
575:
570:
565:
564:
563:
540:
535:, Polish made
529:
488:
483:
478:
473:
466:
444:
418:
403:
397:
392:
385:
382:
380:
377:
370:and Britain's
354:Laser guidance
349:
346:
311:Main article:
308:
305:
276:
273:
248:
245:
224:
221:
195:
192:
168:Main article:
165:
162:
110:FIM-43C Redeye
101:
98:
90:civil aviation
76:
73:
61:guided weapons
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2239:
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2231:
2229:Research Note
2228:
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2209:
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2196:
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2187:
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2028:
2015:
2009:
2006:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1978:
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1962:
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1932:
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1318:
1311:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1297:Sungur MANPAD
1295:
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1278:
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1251:United States
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1234:
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1030:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1016:QW-1 Vanguard
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
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923:
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905:
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900:
896:
895:
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887:respectively.
886:
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870:
866:
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861:
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855:
854:
852:
844:
842:
840:
836:
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828:
823:
818:
816:
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808:
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800:
797:
793:
789:
785:
777:
772:
765:
760:
757:, during the
756:
752:
748:
745:
741:
738:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
712:
709:
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670:
667:
663:
659:
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647:
643:
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624:
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614:armed with a
613:
609:
606:
603:
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592:
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586:
578:
574:
571:
569:
568:War in Donbas
566:
561:
557:
553:
550:
546:
545:
544:
541:
538:
534:
530:
527:
523:
519:
515:
514:military base
511:
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496:
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364:
359:
355:
347:
345:
343:
339:
334:
331:
327:
323:
319:
314:
306:
304:
302:
298:
295:and Japanese
294:
290:
286:
282:
274:
272:
270:
266:
262:
259:, and the US
258:
255:, the Soviet
254:
246:
244:
242:
241:FIM-43 Redeye
238:
234:
231:, the Soviet
230:
222:
220:
217:
213:
209:
205:
204:9K32 Strela-2
201:
193:
191:
189:
185:
181:
177:
171:
163:
158:
154:
149:
142:
138:
134:
127:
123:
118:
111:
106:
100:Missile types
99:
97:
93:
91:
85:
82:
74:
72:
70:
67:, especially
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
39:
38:9K32 Strela-2
34:
27:
19:
2189:
2177:. Retrieved
2173:the original
2166:
2157:
2145:. Retrieved
2143:. 8 May 2020
2140:
2131:
2119:. Retrieved
2117:(in Turkish)
2114:
2104:
2090:
2078:. Retrieved
2069:
2060:
2048:. Retrieved
2039:
2030:
2020:27 September
2018:. Retrieved
2008:
1996:. Retrieved
1987:
1977:
1965:. Retrieved
1956:
1947:
1935:. Retrieved
1924:
1914:
1905:
1896:
1885:
1879:
1867:, retrieved
1863:the original
1857:
1851:
1843:Arms control
1842:
1833:
1815:
1803:. Retrieved
1793:
1781:. Retrieved
1777:
1767:
1755:. Retrieved
1746:
1736:
1724:. Retrieved
1710:
1698:. Retrieved
1686:"SA-7 Grail"
1679:
1667:. Retrieved
1658:
1648:
1636:. Retrieved
1627:
1618:
1606:. Retrieved
1597:
1588:
1575:
1566:
1558:
1553:
1544:
1536:
1531:
1523:
1518:
1497:
1473:. Retrieved
1464:
1455:
1443:. Retrieved
1434:
1425:
1417:
1412:
1403:
1393:
1377:
1374:
1367:
1366:
1347:Flight Guard
1315:
1312:Black market
1291:
1279:
1267:
1250:
1231:
1194:
1174:
1157:
1145:
1133:
1121:
1094:
1077:
1050:
1027:
960:
906:Avitronics,
897:
874:
868:
864:
857:
848:
822:Colin Powell
819:
814:
806:
798:
791:
784:black market
781:
676:Tamil Tigers
582:
552:Sukhoi Su-25
518:capital city
512:at the main
455:Mirage 2000D
435:
379:Notable uses
363:Laser guided
361:
348:Laser guided
335:
316:
278:
250:
226:
197:
173:
94:
86:
78:
52:
48:
44:
43:
26:
2179:14 December
2115:DefenceTurk
1805:31 December
1669:17 February
1475:4 September
1445:4 September
1280:North Korea
1268:South Korea
1127:New VSHORAD
912:pyrotechnic
881:BAE Systems
835:Afghanistan
799:Action Plan
722:cargo plane
718:Airbus A300
554:piloted by
426:Sea Harrier
358:beam riding
69:helicopters
59:. They are
2253:Categories
2147:25 January
2121:25 January
1783:23 October
1700:9 February
1363:References
1071:Starstreak
869:AN/ALQ-157
865:AN/ALQ-147
697:Boeing 757
506:helicopter
470:Anza Mk-II
430:Royal Navy
409:, an USAF
372:Starstreak
287:, Chinese
283:, Russian
216:jet engine
153:Starstreak
2080:4 January
2050:4 January
1967:14 August
1869:14 August
1465:Janes.com
1242:RBS 70 NG
1066:Starburst
1044:Mistral 3
1039:Mistral 2
833:, and in
751:Mogadishu
510:minefield
503:Mil Mi-26
459:9K38 Igla
436:Ark Royal
326:mujahedin
291:, Indian
261:Stinger B
257:9K38 Igla
139:aiming a
81:terrorist
36:A Soviet
2214:Archived
2074:Archived
2044:Archived
1992:Archived
1961:Archived
1937:26 March
1931:Archived
1823:Archived
1751:Archived
1720:Archived
1694:Archived
1663:Archived
1632:Archived
1628:BBC News
1602:Archived
1598:F-16.net
1469:Archived
1439:Archived
1379:Archived
1321:See also
1285:HT-16PGJ
1146:Pakistan
1110:Misagh-3
1105:Misagh-2
1100:Misagh-1
1056:Blowpipe
954:Strela 2
915:infrared
908:Chemring
892:Civilian
845:Military
720:B4-203F
708:Tel Aviv
700:airliner
689:Strela 2
631:Abkhazia
616:Strela 2
526:Chechnya
330:Blowpipe
233:Strela-3
164:Infrared
75:Overview
65:aircraft
1998:8 March
1957:Fas.org
1726:21 July
1638:9 April
1608:9 April
1435:Fas.org
1175:Romania
1088:VSHORAD
1061:Javelin
1033:Mistral
860:ALQ-144
755:Somalia
691:(SA-7)
635:Georgia
627:Sukhumi
560:Saraqib
549:Russian
531:In the
338:Javelin
293:VSHORAD
253:Mistral
229:Stinger
212:seekers
180:warhead
141:Type 91
49:MANPADS
40:in use.
18:MANPADS
1559:Jane's
1302:PorSav
1292:Turkey
1273:Chiron
1237:RBS 70
1232:Sweden
1186:CA-94M
1168:Piorun
1158:Poland
1028:France
986:QW-11G
794:, the
776:Unimog
662:Rwanda
658:Kigali
522:Grozny
441:Igla-1
415:Igla-1
368:RBS-70
263:, use
200:Redeye
176:engine
1988:Wired
1889:, FAS
1757:4 May
1180:CA-94
1134:Japan
1122:Italy
1083:MPDMS
1078:India
996:QW-1M
991:QW-1A
981:QW-11
961:China
950:BOV-3
918:decoy
730:SA-14
285:Verba
126:SA-16
122:SA-18
53:MPADS
2181:2018
2149:2021
2123:2021
2082:2018
2052:2018
2022:2022
2000:2017
1969:2010
1939:2018
1871:2010
1807:2022
1785:2022
1759:2014
1728:2018
1702:2009
1671:2017
1640:2017
1610:2017
1477:2006
1447:2006
1163:Grom
1151:Anza
1115:Qaem
1095:Iran
1021:TB-1
1011:FN-6
1006:QW-3
1001:QW-2
976:QW-1
971:HN-6
966:HN-5
904:Saab
883:and
867:and
827:Iraq
621:The
600:The
537:Grom
495:Igla
450:, a
434:HMS
411:F-16
356:and
289:QW-4
237:FN-6
208:HN-5
1690:FAS
858:AN/
790:'s
726:DHL
704:Moi
520:of
120:An
108:An
51:or
2255::
2165:.
2139:.
2113:.
2072:.
2068:.
2038:.
1990:.
1986:.
1959:.
1955:.
1929:.
1923:.
1904:,
1841:,
1776:.
1749:.
1745:.
1692:.
1688:.
1661:.
1657:.
1626:.
1600:.
1596:.
1506:^
1485:^
1467:.
1463:.
1437:.
1433:.
1182::
863:,
817:.
796:G8
753:,
660:,
633:,
629:,
524:,
424:a
269:UV
151:A
71:.
2197:.
2183:.
2151:.
2125:.
2084:.
2054:.
2024:.
2002:.
1971:.
1941:.
1909:.
1891:.
1874:.
1846:.
1809:.
1787:.
1761:.
1730:.
1704:.
1673:.
1642:.
1612:.
1479:.
1449:.
1035:1
668:.
562:.
443:.
417:.
402:.
47:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
