2247:) allows port States to assert jurisdiction over such violations of emission regulation (also of future regulations of GHG) when they occur on the high seas. Coastal States can assert jurisdiction over violations occurring within their waters, with certain exceptions pertaining to innocent passage and the right of transit passage. The special obligations for flag States and the broadened jurisdictions for coastal and port States, to enforce MARPOL (including Annex VI) are found within the special provisions of part XII of UNCLOS.
4645:
4345:
1023:
1403:
34:
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4307:
4687:
4677:
4355:
1035:
1518:
84:
1455:. The global sulphur limit (outside SECA's) dropped from an allowed 3.5% sulphur in marine fuels to 0.5%. This will significantly improve the air quality in many populated coastal and port areas, which will prevent over 100,000 early deaths each year, and many more cases of asthma in these regions and cities. Over 170 countries have signed on to the changes, including the
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1414:) came into force on 31 December 1988. It specifies the distances from land in which materials may be disposed of and subdivides different types of garbage and marine debris. The requirements are much stricter in a number of "special areas" but perhaps the most prominent part of the Annex is the complete ban of
1361:
MARPOL Annex II came into force on 2 October,1983. It details the discharge criteria for the elimination of pollution by noxious liquid substances carried in large quantities. It divides substances into and introduces detailed operational standards and measures. The discharge of pollutants is allowed
1465:
The IMO has worked on ensuring consistent implementation of the 0.5% sulphur limit in its Marine
Environmental Protection Committee (MEPC) and its subcommittee on Pollution Prevention and Response (PPR). This has led to the development on several regulatory and practical measures (FONAR's, Carriage
2221:
Concerns have been raised about the environmental damage moving back to the roads by some of the larger ferry operators that ship substantial amounts of freight and passenger traffic via these routes affected by IMO standards. They claim that MARPOL will drive up ferry costs for the consumer and
1113:
The original MARPOL was signed on 17 February 1973, but did not come into force at the signing date. The current convention is a combination of 1973 Convention and the 1978 Protocol, which entered into force on 2 October,1983. As of
January 2018, 156 states are parties to the convention, being
1385:
MARPOL Annex III came into force on 1 July 1992. It contains general requirements for the standards on packing, marking, labeling, documentation, stowage, quantity subtraction, division and notifications for preventing pollution by harmful substances. The Annex is in line with the procedures
2162:
represents at least 50% of the world's gross tonnage, a process that can be lengthy. A system of tacit acceptance has therefore been put into place, whereby,if no objections are heard from a member state after a certain period has elapsed, it is assumed they have assented to the treaty.
1494:
MEPC.219(63) came into force on 2 March 2012 to generally prohibit the discharge of any garbage into the ocean, with the exception of food wastes, cargo residues, wash-water, and animal carcasses. There are further provisions describing when and how to dispose of the acceptable wastes.
2916:
2884:
1362:
only to reception facilities with certain concentrations and tions. No matter what, no discharge of residues containing pollutants is permitted within 12 nautical miles (22 kilometres) of the nearest land. Stricter restrictions apply to "special areas".
2218:. This area is set to include all of the Republic of Ireland's international waters in 2020 culminating in all of Western Europe's subjection to the MARPOL directive. This has proven controversial for shipping and ferry operators across Europe.
2065:
2923:
2891:
1300:(OILPOL). It specifies tanker design features that are intended to minimize oil discharge into the ocean during ship operations and in case of accidents. It provides regulations with regard to the treatment of engine room bilge water (
2780:
1438:
and shipboard incineration. It also establishes requirements for reception facilities for wastes from exhaust gas cleaning systems, incinerators, fuel oil quality, off-shore platforms and drilling rigs, and the establishment of
1297:
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3038:
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All ships flagged under countries that are signatories to MARPOL are subject to its requirements, regardless of where they sail, and member nations are responsible for vessels registered on their national ship registry.
2467:
3050:
1308:). It also introduces the concept of "special sea areas (PPSE)", which are considered to be at risk to pollution by oil. Discharge of oil within them has been completely outlawed, with a few minimal exceptions.
2186:
One of the difficulties in implementing MARPOL arises from the very international nature of maritime shipping. The country that the ship visits can conduct its own examination to verify a ship's compliance with
2178:
to implement the convention and effectively pledges to comply with the convention, annexes, and related laws of other nations. In the United States, for example, the relevant implementation legislation is the
4056:
2234:
Concerns have also been raised whether the emission regulation in MARPOL Annex VI, such as the 0.5% global sulphur limit, can be enforced on international waters by non-flag States, as some ships sail under a
803:
4281:
982:
4276:
977:
1295:
MARPOL Annex I came into force on 2 October 1983 and deals with the discharge of oil into the ocean environment. It incorporates the oil discharge criteria prescribed in the 1969 amendments to the 1954
2648:
Sofiev, Mikhail; Winebrake, James J.; Johansson, Lasse; Carr, Edward W.; Prank, Marje; Soares, Joana; Vira, Julius; Kouznetsov, Rostislav; Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka; Corbett, James J. (6 February 2018).
2715:
Corbett, James J.; Winebrake, James J.; Carr, Edward W. (12 August 2016). "Health
Impacts Associated with Delay of MARPOL Global Sulphur Standards" (Document). Finnish Meteorological Institute.
2076:
4871:
2788:
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5076:
1426:
MARPOL Annex VI came into force on 19 May 2005. It introduces requirements to regulate the air pollution being emitted by ships, including the emission of ozone-depleting substances,
5556:
4901:
4851:
2084:
2540:
2206:
shipping levels became legally subject to new MARPOL directives because the SECA (Sulphur
Emission Controlled Areas) zone increased in size. This larger SECA zone will include the
5356:
4741:
5321:
3060:
3035:
2834:
2195:. When incidents occur outside such country's jurisdiction or jurisdiction cannot be determined, the country refers cases to flag states, in accordance with MARPOL. A 2000 US
1386:
detailed in the
International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code, which has been expanded to include marine pollutants. The amendments entered into force on 1 January,1991.
5366:
3047:
5591:
2166:
All six
Annexes have been ratified by the requisite number of nations; the most recent is Annex VI, which took effect in May 2005. The country where a ship is registered (
1459:. This is expected to create massive changes for the shipping and oil industries, with major updates required to ships and the increased production of lower sulfur fuel.
2994:
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5576:
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2618:
5601:
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2240:
2032:
5606:
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4534:
4294:
987:
5566:
5491:
4524:
1130:
MARPOL is divided into
Annexes according to various categories of pollutants, each of which deals with the regulation of a particular group of ship emissions.
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roadways as a financially more cost effective measure compared to increased ferry costs, thereby defeating the object of reducing water pollution.
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2281:
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3036:
International
Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto (MARPOL 73/78)
5581:
5341:
5306:
4921:
4271:
972:
1315:
deals with engine room waste. There are various generations of technologies and equipment that have been developed to prevent waste such as
5571:
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5256:
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1377:
must comply with the requirements of the Code for the
Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk (BCH Code).
246:
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3524:
3417:
3087:
2261:
2180:
2155:
2105:
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2026:
1907:
1394:
Marpol Annex IV came into force on 27 September 2003. It introduces requirements to control pollution of the sea by sewage from ships.
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728:
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Amendments to the Annex of the
Protocol of 1978 relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships
2727:
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Bunker fuels used within an emission control zone (i.e. North Sea) must have a sulphur content level of less than 0.1% (1000ppm).
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4776:
3790:
3539:
3519:
3271:
3015:
Jesper Jarl Fanø (2019). Enforcing International Maritime Legislation on Air Pollution through UNCLOS. Hart Publishing.
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541:
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368:
163:
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403:
1498:
MEPC.220(63) came into force on 2 March 2012 to encourage the creation of a waste management plan on-board vessels.
5456:
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5296:
5191:
5136:
5121:
5111:
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4223:
4146:
3554:
3384:
3214:
2021:
1947:
1051:
408:
258:
1451:
As of 1st January, 2020, new emission standards are enforced for fuel oil used by ships, in a regulation known as
5451:
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398:
333:
270:
2199:
report documented that even when referrals have been made, the response rate from flag states has been poor.
1080:
International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978
27:
International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978
5541:
4771:
4488:
4233:
3999:
3529:
3080:
2870:
808:
763:
383:
4192:
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2188:
2158:
standards to be binding, they must first be ratified by a total number of member countries whose combined
2127:
946:
433:
2950:"Marine Pollution: Progress Made to Reduce Marine Pollution by Cruise Ships, but Important Issues Remain"
1484:
Amended Regulation 14 concerns mandatory fuel oil change over procedures for vessels entering or leaving
4162:
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3870:
3778:
3468:
3361:
3161:
2967:
2502:
2192:
1920:
1774:
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758:
624:
536:
233:
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2755:
4686:
4676:
4462:
3969:
3624:
3320:
2661:
1990:
1736:
1539:
1365:
Annex II covers the International Bulk Chemical Code (IBC Code) in conjunction with Chapter 7 of the
458:
191:
1466:
Ban, Ship Implementation Plan etc.) to enable any non-compliance to be detected, for example during
4036:
3974:
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3702:
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3338:
3209:
3136:
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2394:
1799:
1668:
1599:
1546:
1491:
MARPOL Annex V has been amended multiple times, changing different aspects of the original text.
1467:
1027:
788:
664:
426:
208:
148:
118:
65:
4238:
4098:
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3333:
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3126:
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2438:
2306:
2256:
2089:
2006:
1895:
1840:
1695:
1650:
1604:
1532:
1320:
676:
599:
592:
546:
413:
203:
198:
108:
1353:, helping crew members log and keep track of oily wastewater discharges, among other things.
4649:
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4344:
4182:
4083:
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4009:
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3857:
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2050:
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1700:
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1366:
1022:
936:
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263:
213:
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3687:
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3534:
3437:
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3234:
3054:
3042:
2980:
2515:
2493:
Law, Published with the Institute of Maritime; University, Southampton (9 December 2022).
2215:
2171:
2016:
1985:
1930:
1925:
1885:
1678:
1481:
Amended Regulations 12 concerns control and record keeping of Ozone Depleting Substances.
1370:
1346:
721:
681:
551:
516:
448:
388:
316:
253:
153:
33:
2665:
4567:
4359:
4093:
3979:
3936:
3930:
3926:
3771:
3756:
3707:
3697:
3609:
3463:
3219:
3190:
2692:
2649:
2296:
2286:
1914:
1890:
1850:
1845:
1764:
1673:
1640:
1350:
1339:
1331:
1312:
1290:
1156:
1039:
843:
743:
698:
691:
686:
443:
138:
2381:"What is MARPOL Convention? IMO Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships"
4715:
4587:
4582:
4447:
4427:
4113:
4014:
3800:
3729:
3501:
3249:
3113:
2175:
2159:
2011:
1823:
1789:
1754:
1749:
1645:
1630:
1592:
1561:
1509:
1456:
1415:
1103:
858:
348:
343:
338:
96:
2494:
2380:
1478:
MARPOL Annex VI amendments according with MEPC 176(58) came into force 1 July 2010.
4134:
4108:
4088:
3912:
3875:
3839:
3475:
3422:
3298:
3254:
3239:
3168:
1740:
1623:
1618:
1431:
1086:" (short for "marine pollution") is one of the most important international marine
891:
853:
838:
669:
634:
579:
298:
158:
4432:
4071:
4066:
3751:
3746:
3717:
3682:
3655:
3185:
2468:"MARPOL73-78: Brief history - list of amendments to date and where to find them"
2211:
1902:
1779:
1769:
1725:
813:
511:
491:
128:
2674:
2650:"Cleaner fuels for ships provide public health benefits with climate tradeoffs"
4472:
4452:
4248:
3865:
3180:
3173:
3156:
3141:
2533:"International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL)"
2472:
MARPOL73-78: Brief history - list of amendments to date and where to find them
2446:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain
2167:
1952:
1663:
1635:
1115:
863:
619:
123:
2683:
1187:
Prevention of pollution by harmful substances carried by sea in packaged form
4417:
4177:
4129:
4103:
4051:
3885:
3847:
3597:
3587:
3259:
3121:
3096:
2207:
1969:
1942:
1937:
1862:
1805:
1784:
1720:
1688:
1095:
931:
886:
848:
798:
733:
639:
103:
83:
73:
2949:
2701:
1517:
1298:
International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil
4457:
3822:
3766:
3427:
3276:
3244:
2728:"The 'biggest change in oil market history' is less than six months away"
2426:"Cruise Ship Pollution: Background, Laws and Regulations, and Key Issues"
303:
4690:
1304:) for all large commercial vessels and ballast and tank cleaning waste (
4442:
3783:
3286:
3264:
3151:
3146:
3057:, Treaty available in ECOLEX-the gateway to environmental law (English)
1869:
1835:
1813:
1794:
4403:
4187:
4167:
4061:
3736:
3229:
2781:"Index of MEPC Resolutions and Guidelines related to MARPOL Annex VI"
2223:
1962:
1710:
941:
921:
828:
818:
526:
4680:
4368:
2170:) is responsible for certifying the ship's compliance with MARPOL's
4467:
4197:
4139:
3480:
3412:
3310:
3202:
1613:
1608:
1401:
1099:
951:
896:
288:
1412:
Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from Ships
4399:
4172:
3293:
3281:
3197:
2732:
1818:
926:
173:
168:
133:
4372:
3069:
1427:
2594:"What is International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG)?"
2174:
standards. Each signatory nation is responsible for enacting
3065:
1342:
that has greatly helped improve sanitation in these areas.
1174:
Control of pollution by noxious liquid substances in bulk
2948:
Office, U. S. Government Accountability (7 March 2000).
2222:
freight forwarding companies pushing them back onto the
1334:
has more to do with cleaning the cargo areas and tanks.
2995:"What is MARPOL and its impact to the freight market?"
1272:
Based on World Fleet Statistics as of 31 December 2012
4606:
4553:
4517:
4481:
4410:
4257:
4206:
4155:
4122:
3955:
3894:
3856:
3838:
3638:
3573:
3510:
3436:
3405:
3370:
3354:
3319:
3112:
1338:(ODME) is a very important technology mentioned in
1132:
51:
43:
26:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2833:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2191:and can detain the ship if it finds significant
38:MARPOL 73/78 ratifying states (as of April 2008)
5597:Treaties extended to the British Virgin Islands
2241:United Nations Convention on the Law Of the Sea
1161:Prevention of pollution by oil & oily water
5557:Treaties extended to the Netherlands Antilles
4872:Treaties of the People's Republic of Bulgaria
4384:
3081:
2135:
1059:
16:International marine environmental convention
8:
5357:Treaties of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
4742:International Maritime Organization treaties
21:
5077:Treaties of the Hungarian People's Republic
2815:. Archived from the original on 7 July 2009
1118:of 99.42% of the world's shipping tonnage.
4902:Treaties of the People's Republic of China
4852:Treaties of the People's Republic of Benin
4391:
4377:
4369:
3088:
3074:
3066:
2495:"The Ratification of Maritime Conventions"
2142:
2128:
1505:
1066:
1052:
956:
82:
60:
20:
5592:Treaties extended to the Falkland Islands
2691:
2673:
5322:Treaties of the Polish People's Republic
5577:Treaties extended to the Cayman Islands
4229:Pollutant release and transfer register
2328:
2116:London Maritime Arbitrators Association
2097:
1998:
1977:
1877:
1735:
1574:
1524:
1508:
995:
959:
72:
5602:Treaties extended to British Hong Kong
5552:Treaties extended to the Faroe Islands
5537:Treaties of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
3061:IMO Overview of Emission Control Areas
2976:
2965:
2826:
2625:. Pollution Prevention. Archived from
2511:
2500:
2282:Merchant Shipping (Pollution) Act 2006
2071:International Convention on Load Lines
1239:
1226:Prevention of air pollution from ships
5607:Treaties extended to Portuguese Macau
4917:Treaties of the Republic of the Congo
2756:"IMO 2020: The Big Shipping Shake-Up"
2424:Copeland, Claudia (6 February 2008).
1441:Sulfur Emission Control Areas (SECAs)
7:
5567:Treaties extended to the Isle of Man
5492:Treaties of the United Arab Emirates
4666:
4319:
3560:Electromagnetic radiation and health
2527:
2525:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
4757:Treaties entered into force in 1983
4696:
4629:Ballast Water Management Convention
4509:Countries by container port traffic
4335:
4327:
3418:Radium and radon in the environment
2262:International Maritime Organization
2181:Act to Prevent Pollution from Ships
2106:International Maritime Organization
2061:Ballast Water Management Convention
2027:International Convention on Salvage
1908:The captain goes down with the ship
1092:International Maritime Organization
294:Radium and radon in the environment
4977:Treaties of the Dominican Republic
2962:from the original on 6 March 2010.
2355:, 16 December 2019, archived from
1336:Oil discharge monitoring equipment
14:
5382:Treaties of Serbia and Montenegro
5367:Treaties of São Tomé and Príncipe
5347:Treaties of Saint Kitts and Nevis
2405:from the original on 4 March 2016
1436:Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
1148:No. of Contracting Parties/States
1134:List of the MARPOL 73/78 Annexes
5197:Treaties of the Marshall Islands
4732:Environmental impact of shipping
4695:
4685:
4675:
4665:
4656:
4655:
4643:
4353:
4343:
4334:
4326:
4318:
4306:
4305:
1516:
1033:
1021:
32:
5462:Treaties of Trinidad and Tobago
5407:Treaties of the Solomon Islands
4792:Treaties of Antigua and Barbuda
3132:Atmospheric dispersion modeling
1556:Ordinamenta et consuetudo maris
1215:Pollution by garbage from ships
114:Atmospheric dispersion modeling
5587:Treaties extended to Gibraltar
5547:Treaties extended to Greenland
5497:Treaties of the United Kingdom
4952:Treaties of the Czech Republic
2754:Viens, Ashley (12 June 2019).
2726:Meredith, Sam (15 July 2019).
2434:Congressional Research Service
2230:Enforcement of MARPOL Annex VI
1502:Implementation and enforcement
1255:
1204:Pollution by sewage from ships
1094:with an objective to minimize
983:Least polluted cities by PM2.5
1:
5507:Treaties of the United States
5032:Treaties of Georgia (country)
4997:Treaties of Equatorial Guinea
3620:Electrical resistance heating
2302:Oily water separator (marine)
2111:Comité Maritime International
2077:International Regulations for
2033:United Nations Convention on
1488:areas and FO sulphur limits.
1267:
454:Electrical resistance heating
5582:Treaties extended to Bermuda
5342:Treaties of the Soviet Union
5307:Treaties of Papua New Guinea
4922:Treaties of the Cook Islands
4504:Busiest by cruise passengers
3272:Persistent organic pollutant
2277:Maritime environmental crime
2079:Preventing Collisions at Sea
1349:is another integral part of
164:Persistent organic pollutant
88:Air pollution from a factory
5572:Treaties extended to Jersey
5317:Treaties of the Philippines
5257:Treaties of the Netherlands
4282:Least polluted cities by PM
2098:International organizations
1245:
5623:
5562:Treaties extended to Aruba
4947:Treaties of Czechoslovakia
4752:Treaties concluded in 1978
4747:Treaties concluded in 1973
4224:Pollution haven hypothesis
4147:Brain health and pollution
3385:Ecological light pollution
3215:Internal combustion engine
2675:10.1038/s41467-017-02774-9
2292:Oil Pollution Act van 1990
2239:. It is believed that the
2022:Maritime Labour Convention
1288:
1090:. It was developed by the
4637:
4598:Terminal Operating System
4593:Port operations simulator
4303:
4027:Nonpoint source pollution
3947:War and environmental law
3306:Volatile organic compound
3103:
2395:"Chronology & Search"
2312:Port Reception Facilities
1999:International conventions
1406:MARPOL 73-78 Instructions
1325:port reception facilities
1088:environmental conventions
709:War and environmental law
329:Health effects from noise
179:Volatile organic compound
31:
5477:Treaties of Turkmenistan
5412:Treaties of South Africa
5397:Treaties of Sierra Leone
5372:Treaties of Saudi Arabia
5187:Treaties of the Maldives
5042:Treaties of East Germany
5037:Treaties of West Germany
3486:Marine mammals and sonar
3397:Radio spectrum pollution
2592:Anish (23 August 2022).
2317:Port of Boulogne-sur-Mer
2267:Marine energy management
2044:International piracy law
2035:the Law of the Sea
1418:plastic into the ocean.
334:Marine mammals and sonar
5437:Treaties of Switzerland
5352:Treaties of Saint Lucia
5262:Treaties of New Zealand
4992:Treaties of El Salvador
4957:Treaties of North Korea
4927:Treaties of Ivory Coast
4912:Treaties of the Comoros
4817:Treaties of the Bahamas
4767:1983 in the environment
4494:Busiest container ports
4332:WikiProject Environment
4290:Most polluted countries
4234:Polluter pays principle
3965:Agricultural wastewater
2189:international standards
2066:Anti-fouling Convention
1330:The second part of the
1151:% of the World Tonnage
809:Freshwater salinization
729:Agricultural wastewater
5532:Treaties of Yugoslavia
5387:Treaties of Seychelles
5242:Treaties of Mozambique
5232:Treaties of Montenegro
5202:Treaties of Mauritania
5172:Treaties of Madagascar
5167:Treaties of Luxembourg
5132:Treaties of Kazakhstan
5027:Treaties of the Gambia
4892:Treaties of Cape Verde
4827:Treaties of Bangladesh
4812:Treaties of Azerbaijan
4762:Admiralty law treaties
4722:Environmental treaties
4350:Environment portal
3583:Agricultural pollution
2975:Cite journal requires
2510:Cite journal requires
2272:Marine fuel management
1407:
1028:Environment portal
5522:Treaties of Venezuela
5422:Treaties of Sri Lanka
5392:Treaties of Singapore
5267:Treaties of Nicaragua
5207:Treaties of Mauritius
5162:Treaties of Lithuania
5092:Treaties of Indonesia
5057:Treaties of Guatemala
4802:Treaties of Australia
4797:Treaties of Argentina
4005:Industrial wastewater
3871:Clutter (advertising)
3779:Municipal solid waste
3625:Soil guideline values
3469:Sustainable transport
3362:Information pollution
3162:Open burning of waste
2999:www.freightlink.co.uk
2654:Nature Communications
1428:Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)
1405:
1317:oily water separators
1108:oil and air pollution
769:Industrial wastewater
537:Municipal solid waste
459:Soil guideline values
5502:Treaties of Tanzania
5447:Treaties of Thailand
5427:Treaties of Suriname
5402:Treaties of Slovakia
5327:Treaties of Portugal
5292:Treaties of Pakistan
5227:Treaties of Mongolia
5182:Treaties of Malaysia
5142:Treaties of Kiribati
5072:Treaties of Honduras
4972:Treaties of Dominica
4967:Treaties of Djibouti
4907:Treaties of Colombia
4882:Treaties of Cameroon
4877:Treaties of Cambodia
4832:Treaties of Barbados
4650:Transport portal
4489:World's busiest port
4277:Most polluted cities
3970:Biological pollution
3881:Overhead power lines
3053:8 March 2016 at the
3041:25 June 2012 at the
2346:"Status of Treaties"
2172:pollution prevention
1991:Vice admiralty court
1737:Contract of carriage
1540:Corpus Juris Civilis
1102:and seas, including
978:Most polluted cities
630:Overhead power lines
5527:Treaties of Vietnam
5517:Treaties of Vanuatu
5512:Treaties of Uruguay
5487:Treaties of Ukraine
5467:Treaties of Tunisia
5377:Treaties of Senegal
5337:Treaties of Romania
5272:Treaties of Nigeria
5252:Treaties of Namibia
5247:Treaties of Myanmar
5237:Treaties of Morocco
5217:Treaties of Moldova
5157:Treaties of Lebanon
5117:Treaties of Jamaica
5102:Treaties of Ireland
5082:Treaties of Iceland
5012:Treaties of Finland
5002:Treaties of Estonia
4982:Treaties of Ecuador
4962:Treaties of Denmark
4932:Treaties of Croatia
4857:Treaties of Bolivia
4842:Treaties of Belgium
4837:Treaties of Belarus
4822:Treaties of Bahrain
4807:Treaties of Austria
4782:Treaties of Algeria
4777:Treaties of Albania
4691:Wiktionary "Harbor"
4340:WikiProject Ecology
4037:Ocean acidification
3942:Unexploded ordnance
3813:Post-consumer waste
3673:Foam food container
3651:Biodegradable waste
3225:Global distillation
3005:on 28 October 2014.
2929:on 14 February 2020
2897:on 14 February 2020
2666:2018NatCo...9..406S
2237:flag of convenience
2214:, and parts of the
2202:On 1 January 2015,
1468:port state controls
1432:Sulfur Oxides (SOx)
1373:constructed before
1247:
1135:
794:Ocean acidification
704:Unexploded ordnance
625:Advertising clutter
557:Post-consumer waste
502:Foam food container
487:Biodegradable waste
144:Global distillation
23:
5482:Treaties of Tuvalu
5472:Treaties of Turkey
5432:Treaties of Sweden
5302:Treaties of Panama
5282:Treaties of Norway
5222:Treaties of Monaco
5212:Treaties of Mexico
5177:Treaties of Malawi
5152:Treaties of Latvia
5147:Treaties of Kuwait
5127:Treaties of Jordan
5107:Treaties of Israel
5067:Treaties of Guyana
5062:Treaties of Guinea
5052:Treaties of Greece
5017:Treaties of France
4942:Treaties of Cyprus
4887:Treaties of Canada
4867:Treaties of Brazil
4862:Treaties of Brunei
4847:Treaties of Belize
4787:Treaties of Angola
4573:Port state control
4563:Maritime transport
4499:Busiest by tonnage
4360:Ecology portal
4244:Waste minimisation
4219:Industrial ecology
4214:Cleaner production
4032:Nutrient pollution
3909:Herbicidal warfare
3703:Construction waste
3339:Introduced species
3210:Indoor air quality
3137:Chlorofluorocarbon
2955:(RCED-00-48): 20.
2444:on 25 April 2013.
1600:Maritime transport
1408:
1321:oil content meters
1311:The first half of
1260:As of 31 July 2013
1246:
1207:27 September 2003
1133:
1040:Ecology portal
665:Herbicidal warfare
209:Introduced species
149:Indoor air quality
119:Chlorofluorocarbon
5457:Treaties of Tonga
5442:Treaties of Syria
5417:Treaties of Spain
5362:Treaties of Samoa
5332:Treaties of Qatar
5297:Treaties of Palau
5192:Treaties of Malta
5137:Treaties of Kenya
5122:Treaties of Japan
5112:Treaties of Italy
5087:Treaties of India
5047:Treaties of Ghana
5022:Treaties of Gabon
4987:Treaties of Egypt
4897:Treaties of Chile
4709:
4708:
4681:Wiktionary "Port"
4366:
4365:
4239:Pollution control
3919:Nuclear holocaust
3828:Thermal treatment
3796:Plastic pollution
3713:Mercury poisoning
3666:Battery recycling
3565:Radioactive waste
3334:Genetic pollution
3329:Biological hazard
3127:Air quality index
2760:Visual Capitalist
2543:on 4 October 2019
2307:Oil content meter
2257:Crude oil washing
2152:
2151:
2090:Athens Convention
2056:MARPOL Convention
2007:Hague-Visby Rules
1896:Freight forwarder
1841:Proof of delivery
1696:Maritime security
1533:Code of Hammurabi
1282:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1218:31 December 1988
1076:
1075:
1011:
1010:
677:Nuclear holocaust
600:Urban heat island
414:Radioactive waste
199:Biological hazard
109:Air quality index
59:
58:
5614:
5452:Treaties of Togo
5312:Treaties of Peru
5287:Treaties of Oman
5277:Treaties of Niue
5097:Treaties of Iran
5007:Treaties of Fiji
4937:Treaties of Cuba
4699:
4698:
4689:
4679:
4669:
4668:
4659:
4658:
4648:
4647:
4578:Harbour engineer
4423:Fuelling station
4393:
4386:
4379:
4370:
4358:
4357:
4356:
4348:
4347:
4338:
4337:
4330:
4329:
4322:
4321:
4309:
4308:
4183:Legacy pollution
4042:Oil exploitation
3904:Chemical warfare
3818:Waste management
3725:Industrial waste
3693:Biomedical waste
3661:Electronic waste
3646:Advertising mail
3630:Phytoremediation
3605:Land degradation
3390:Overillumination
3344:Invasive species
3090:
3083:
3076:
3067:
3023:
3013:
3007:
3006:
3001:. Archived from
2991:
2985:
2984:
2978:
2973:
2971:
2963:
2961:
2954:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2928:
2922:. Archived from
2921:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2896:
2890:. Archived from
2889:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2869:. Archived from
2863:
2857:
2856:
2851:. Archived from
2849:"Regulations 12"
2845:
2839:
2838:
2832:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2814:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2791:on 9 August 2020
2787:, archived from
2777:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2695:
2677:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2629:on 15 April 2018
2615:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2569:. Archived from
2559:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2539:. Archived from
2529:
2520:
2519:
2513:
2508:
2506:
2498:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2464:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2437:. Archived from
2430:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2361:
2350:
2342:
2144:
2137:
2130:
2051:SOLAS Convention
2038:
1903:Captain (Master)
1701:Letter of marque
1658:Marine insurance
1567:Hanseatic League
1520:
1506:
1410:MARPOL Annex V (
1376:
1371:chemical tankers
1367:SOLAS Convention
1271:
1259:
1248:
1145:Entry into force
1136:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1026:
1025:
957:
660:Chemical warfare
562:Waste management
522:Industrial waste
497:Electronic waste
482:Advertising mail
464:Phytoremediation
439:Land degradation
379:Depleted uranium
264:Overillumination
214:Invasive species
86:
76:
61:
36:
24:
5622:
5621:
5617:
5616:
5615:
5613:
5612:
5611:
4737:Ocean pollution
4727:Water pollution
4712:
4711:
4710:
4705:
4642:
4633:
4602:
4555:Port management
4549:
4513:
4477:
4406:
4397:
4367:
4362:
4354:
4352:
4342:
4299:
4285:
4253:
4202:
4151:
4118:
4057:Pharmaceuticals
4047:Oil exploration
3951:
3923:Nuclear fallout
3890:
3852:
3834:
3808:Packaging waste
3762:Deep sea mining
3688:Hazardous waste
3634:
3615:Open defecation
3569:
3535:Nuclear fallout
3530:Nuclear fission
3506:
3432:
3401:
3372:Electromagnetic
3366:
3350:
3315:
3235:Ozone depletion
3108:
3099:
3094:
3055:Wayback Machine
3043:Wayback Machine
3032:
3027:
3026:
3014:
3010:
2993:
2992:
2988:
2974:
2964:
2959:
2952:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2919:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2887:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2873:on 22 May 2010.
2867:"Regulation 14"
2865:
2864:
2860:
2855:on 22 May 2010.
2847:
2846:
2842:
2825:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2794:
2792:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2764:
2762:
2753:
2752:
2748:
2738:
2736:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2632:
2630:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2602:
2600:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2576:
2574:
2573:on 30 July 2019
2561:
2560:
2556:
2546:
2544:
2531:
2530:
2523:
2509:
2499:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2477:
2475:
2466:
2465:
2452:
2441:
2428:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2408:
2406:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2348:
2344:
2343:
2330:
2325:
2253:
2232:
2216:English Channel
2148:
2081:
2078:
2040:
2036:
2034:
2017:Rotterdam Rules
1986:Admiralty court
1926:Freight company
1917:
1679:General average
1660:
1631:Merchant marine
1537:
1504:
1476:
1449:
1424:
1400:
1392:
1383:
1374:
1359:
1347:oil record book
1293:
1287:
1265:
1253:
1164:2 October 1983
1128:
1072:
1034:
1032:
1020:
1013:
1012:
912:
904:
903:
877:
869:
868:
804:Pharmaceuticals
784:Nonpoint source
724:
714:
713:
682:Nuclear fallout
655:
645:
644:
615:
605:
604:
595:
585:
584:
575:
567:
566:
552:Packaging waste
517:Hazardous waste
477:
469:
468:
429:
419:
418:
389:Nuclear fallout
384:Nuclear fission
364:
354:
353:
319:
309:
308:
284:
276:
275:
249:
247:Electromagnetic
239:
238:
229:
221:
220:
194:
184:
183:
154:Ozone depletion
99:
89:
74:
39:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5620:
5618:
5610:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5542:1973 in London
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4772:1978 in London
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4714:
4713:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4703:
4693:
4683:
4673:
4663:
4653:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4610:
4608:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4568:Port authority
4565:
4559:
4557:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4521:
4519:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4485:
4483:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4414:
4412:
4408:
4407:
4398:
4396:
4395:
4388:
4381:
4373:
4364:
4363:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4283:
4279:
4274:
4272:Law by country
4269:
4263:
4261:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4210:
4208:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4159:
4157:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4144:
4143:
4142:
4137:
4126:
4124:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4094:Surface runoff
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4069:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4018:
4017:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3980:Eutrophication
3977:
3972:
3967:
3961:
3959:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3937:Scorched earth
3934:
3931:nuclear winter
3927:nuclear famine
3916:
3906:
3900:
3898:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3862:
3860:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3850:
3844:
3842:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3825:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3804:
3803:
3793:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3776:
3775:
3774:
3772:Uranium mining
3769:
3764:
3759:
3757:Surface mining
3754:
3749:
3739:
3734:
3733:
3732:
3722:
3721:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3708:Lead poisoning
3705:
3700:
3698:Chemical waste
3695:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3669:
3668:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3642:
3640:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3610:Bioremediation
3607:
3602:
3601:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3579:
3577:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3525:Bioremediation
3522:
3516:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3499:
3496:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3478:
3473:
3472:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:Transportation
3442:
3440:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3409:
3407:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3376:
3374:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3336:
3331:
3325:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3220:Global dimming
3217:
3212:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3191:Diesel exhaust
3183:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3118:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3070:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3045:
3031:
3030:External links
3028:
3025:
3024:
3008:
2986:
2977:|journal=
2940:
2917:"MEPC.220(63)"
2908:
2885:"MEPC.219(63)"
2876:
2858:
2840:
2810:"MEPC 176(58)"
2801:
2772:
2746:
2718:
2707:
2640:
2610:
2598:Marine Insight
2584:
2554:
2521:
2512:|journal=
2485:
2450:
2416:
2386:
2372:
2362:on 28 May 2020
2327:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2297:MARPOL Annex I
2294:
2289:
2287:Ship pollution
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2252:
2249:
2231:
2228:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2139:
2132:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2085:SAR Convention
2082:
2075:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2047:
2046:
2031:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1880:
1879:
1875:
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1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1816:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1802:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1765:Bill of lading
1762:
1757:
1752:
1744:
1743:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1726:Wartime prizes
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1655:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1641:Passenger ship
1638:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1577:
1576:
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1550:
1535:
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1513:
1512:
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1500:
1475:
1472:
1448:
1445:
1423:
1420:
1399:
1396:
1391:
1388:
1382:
1379:
1369:. Previously,
1358:
1355:
1351:MARPOL Annex I
1340:MARPOL Annex I
1332:MARPOL Annex I
1313:MARPOL Annex I
1291:Marpol Annex I
1289:Main article:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1262:
1261:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1220:
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1209:
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1205:
1202:
1198:
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1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1127:
1124:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1030:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1006:
998:
997:
993:
992:
991:
990:
985:
980:
975:
973:Law by country
970:
962:
961:
955:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
913:
910:
909:
906:
905:
902:
901:
900:
899:
894:
884:
878:
875:
874:
871:
870:
867:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
844:Surface runoff
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
744:Eutrophication
741:
736:
731:
725:
720:
719:
716:
715:
712:
711:
706:
701:
699:Scorched earth
696:
695:
694:
692:Nuclear winter
689:
687:Nuclear famine
684:
674:
673:
672:
662:
656:
651:
650:
647:
646:
643:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
616:
611:
610:
607:
606:
603:
602:
596:
591:
590:
587:
586:
583:
582:
576:
573:
572:
569:
568:
565:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
478:
475:
474:
471:
470:
467:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
444:Bioremediation
441:
436:
430:
425:
424:
421:
420:
417:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
374:Bioremediation
371:
365:
360:
359:
356:
355:
352:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
324:Transportation
320:
315:
314:
311:
310:
307:
306:
301:
296:
291:
285:
282:
281:
278:
277:
274:
273:
271:Radio spectrum
268:
267:
266:
261:
250:
245:
244:
241:
240:
237:
236:
230:
227:
226:
223:
222:
219:
218:
217:
216:
206:
201:
195:
190:
189:
186:
185:
182:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
156:
151:
146:
141:
139:Global dimming
136:
131:
126:
121:
116:
111:
106:
100:
95:
94:
91:
90:
87:
79:
78:
70:
69:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
47:2 October 1983
45:
41:
40:
37:
29:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5619:
5608:
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5603:
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5463:
5460:
5458:
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5423:
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5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
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5260:
5258:
5255:
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5138:
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5125:
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5115:
5113:
5110:
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5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
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4975:
4973:
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4968:
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4955:
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4908:
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4903:
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4898:
4895:
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4888:
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4858:
4855:
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4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4719:
4717:
4702:
4694:
4692:
4688:
4684:
4682:
4678:
4674:
4672:
4664:
4662:
4654:
4652:
4651:
4646:
4640:
4639:
4636:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4605:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4583:Port operator
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4556:
4552:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4516:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4480:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4448:Port of entry
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4428:Inland harbor
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4409:
4405:
4401:
4394:
4389:
4387:
4382:
4380:
4375:
4374:
4371:
4361:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4333:
4325:
4316:
4312:
4302:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4260:
4256:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4205:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4154:
4148:
4145:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4131:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4121:
4115:
4114:Water quality
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4064:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3954:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
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3928:
3924:
3920:
3917:
3914:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3893:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3876:Traffic signs
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3855:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3841:
3837:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3802:
3801:Microplastics
3799:
3798:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3791:Nanomaterials
3789:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3780:
3777:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3731:
3730:Lead smelting
3728:
3727:
3726:
3723:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3637:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3550:Radioactivity
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3503:
3502:Noise control
3500:
3497:
3494:
3491:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3404:
3398:
3395:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3369:
3363:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3353:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3250:Metal working
3248:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
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3022:
3021:9781509927760
3018:
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3004:
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2238:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2193:noncompliance
2190:
2184:
2182:
2177:
2176:domestic laws
2173:
2169:
2164:
2161:
2160:gross tonnage
2157:
2154:In order for
2145:
2140:
2138:
2133:
2131:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
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2045:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2012:Hamburg Rules
2010:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1929:
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1924:
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1918:
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1892:
1889:
1888:
1887:
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1883:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1868:
1864:
1863:International
1861:
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1839:
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1834:
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1825:
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1815:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1790:Force majeure
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1750:Affreightment
1748:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
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1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1684:Seaworthiness
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1652:
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1639:
1637:
1634:
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1625:
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1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
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1603:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1594:
1593:Fisheries law
1591:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1562:Amalfian Laws
1560:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1510:Admiralty law
1507:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1482:
1479:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1457:United States
1454:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1404:
1397:
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1389:
1387:
1380:
1378:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1341:
1337:
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1328:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1292:
1284:
1270:
1269:
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1257:
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1249:
1244:
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1234:
1231:
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1225:
1222:
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1217:
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1211:
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1203:
1200:
1199:
1195:
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1189:
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1179:
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1173:
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1169:
1166:
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1160:
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1155:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1144:
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1138:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1123:
1119:
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1111:
1109:
1105:
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1097:
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1089:
1085:
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1069:
1064:
1062:
1057:
1055:
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1049:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1031:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1005:
1002:
1001:
1000:
999:
994:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
965:
964:
963:
958:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
914:
908:
907:
898:
895:
893:
890:
889:
888:
885:
883:
880:
879:
873:
872:
865:
862:
860:
859:Water quality
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
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737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
726:
723:
718:
717:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
679:
678:
675:
671:
668:
667:
666:
663:
661:
658:
657:
654:
649:
648:
641:
638:
636:
635:Traffic signs
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
617:
614:
609:
608:
601:
598:
597:
594:
589:
588:
581:
578:
577:
571:
570:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
542:Nanomaterials
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
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488:
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472:
465:
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460:
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455:
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450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
431:
428:
423:
422:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
404:Radioactivity
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
366:
363:
358:
357:
350:
349:Soundproofing
347:
345:
344:Noise control
342:
340:
339:Noise barrier
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
321:
318:
313:
312:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
286:
280:
279:
272:
269:
265:
262:
260:
257:
256:
255:
252:
251:
248:
243:
242:
235:
232:
231:
225:
224:
215:
212:
211:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
196:
193:
188:
187:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
101:
98:
93:
92:
85:
81:
80:
77:
71:
67:
63:
62:
54:
50:
46:
42:
35:
30:
25:
19:
4641:
4619:MARPOL 73/78
4618:
4193:Point source
4135:Heavy metals
4109:Urban runoff
4089:Sulfur water
4067:Septic tanks
3913:Agent Orange
3767:Mining waste
3593:Manure waste
3423:Volcanic ash
3299:Black carbon
3255:Oil refining
3240:Particulates
3169:Construction
3011:
3003:the original
2998:
2989:
2968:cite journal
2943:
2931:. Retrieved
2924:the original
2911:
2899:. Retrieved
2892:the original
2879:
2871:the original
2861:
2853:the original
2843:
2817:. Retrieved
2804:
2793:, retrieved
2789:the original
2784:
2775:
2763:. Retrieved
2759:
2749:
2737:. Retrieved
2731:
2721:
2710:
2657:
2653:
2643:
2631:. Retrieved
2627:the original
2622:
2613:
2601:. Retrieved
2597:
2587:
2575:. Retrieved
2571:the original
2566:
2557:
2545:. Retrieved
2541:the original
2536:
2503:cite journal
2488:
2476:. Retrieved
2471:
2445:
2439:the original
2432:
2419:
2407:. Retrieved
2399:MAX1 Studies
2398:
2389:
2375:
2364:, retrieved
2357:the original
2352:
2233:
2220:
2201:
2185:
2165:
2153:
2055:
1836:Packing list
1804:
1741:Charterparty
1651:Registration
1624:Shipbuilding
1554:
1545:
1538:
1497:
1493:
1490:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1464:
1461:
1452:
1450:
1425:
1411:
1409:
1393:
1384:
1364:
1360:
1344:
1329:
1310:
1294:
1266:
1254:
1241:
1240:
1177:6 April 1987
1129:
1120:
1112:
1084:MARPOL 73/78
1083:
1079:
1077:
947:Point source
892:Heavy metals
854:Urban runoff
839:Sulfur water
814:Septic tanks
670:Agent Orange
580:Space debris
434:Agricultural
299:Volcanic ash
159:Particulates
22:MARPOL 73/78
18:
4701:WikiProject
4607:Conventions
4433:Inland port
4163:Area source
4072:Pit latrine
3995:Groundwater
3752:Gold mining
3747:Coal mining
3718:Toxic waste
3683:Green waste
3656:Brown waste
3639:Solid waste
3186:Exhaust gas
2765:19 November
2739:19 November
2623:www.imo.org
2567:www.imo.org
2537:www.imo.org
2474:. IMO. 2012
2366:31 December
2212:Scandinavia
1978:Judiciaries
1780:Consignment
1375:1 July 1986
1323:(OCM), and
1229:19 May 2005
1190:1 July 1992
1116:flag states
917:Area source
759:Groundwater
512:Green waste
492:Brown waste
476:Solid waste
234:Information
129:Exhaust gas
4716:Categories
4473:Naval base
4453:Trust port
4315:by country
4311:Categories
4249:Zero waste
4130:Pollutants
4084:Stagnation
4022:Monitoring
3990:Freshwater
3866:Air travel
3678:Food waste
3598:Pesticides
3588:Herbicides
3492:Industrial
3321:Biological
3181:Demolition
3174:Renovation
3157:Joss paper
3142:Combustion
2819:7 February
2660:(1): 406.
2563:"IBC Code"
2323:References
2168:Flag State
1800:Commercial
1775:Chartering
1689:Total loss
1664:Act of God
1636:Cargo ship
1474:Amendments
1126:Provisions
1004:By country
996:Categories
887:Pollutants
864:Wastewater
834:Stagnation
779:Monitoring
754:Freshwater
620:Air travel
507:Food waste
449:Defecation
259:Ecological
192:Biological
124:Combustion
64:Part of a
4518:Locations
4463:Anchorage
4418:Home port
4207:Responses
4178:Garbology
4104:Turbidity
4052:Oil spill
3985:Firewater
3886:Vandalism
3848:Satellite
3545:Poisoning
3540:Plutonium
3520:Actinides
3512:Radiation
3260:Wood dust
3122:Acid rain
3097:Pollution
2795:4 October
2684:2041-1723
2619:"Garbage"
2208:North Sea
1970:Stevedore
1948:Principal
1943:Consignor
1938:Consignee
1921:Charterer
1806:Pro forma
1785:Demurrage
1770:Brokerage
1721:Smuggling
1716:Pollution
1674:Collision
1470:(PSC's).
1381:Annex III
1184:Annex III
1096:pollution
932:Garbology
849:Turbidity
799:Oil spill
749:Firewater
734:Biosolids
640:Vandalism
399:Poisoning
394:Plutonium
369:Actinides
362:Radiation
104:Acid rain
75:Pollution
44:Effective
4661:Category
4588:Security
4545:Southern
4530:Atlantic
4482:Rankings
4458:Dry port
4295:Treaties
4267:Diseases
4079:Shipping
3975:Diseases
3823:Landfill
3498:Abstract
3495:Military
3428:Wildfire
3277:Smelting
3245:Asbestos
3051:Archived
3039:Archived
2957:Archived
2933:14 April
2901:14 April
2829:cite web
2702:29410475
2633:14 April
2403:Archived
2251:See also
2224:European
2204:maritime
2037:(UNCLOS)
1831:Manifest
1824:Maritime
1760:Barratry
1646:Mortgage
1605:Shipping
1575:Features
1453:IMO 2020
1447:IMO 2020
1422:Annex VI
1390:Annex IV
1357:Annex II
1223:Annex VI
1201:Annex IV
1171:Annex II
988:Treaties
968:Diseases
824:Shipping
789:Nutrient
739:Diseases
304:Wildfire
4671:Commons
4540:Pacific
4443:Outport
4438:Landing
4404:harbors
4324:Commons
4099:Thermal
4000:Hypoxia
3784:Garbage
3555:Uranium
3406:Natural
3355:Digital
3287:Aerosol
3265:Welding
3152:Biomass
3147:Biofuel
3106:History
2693:5802819
2662:Bibcode
2603:30 June
2547:23 July
2409:15 July
1931:Manager
1915:Carrier
1878:Parties
1870:Waybill
1846:Salvage
1814:Laytime
1795:Invoice
1619:Freight
1588:Illegal
1583:Fishing
1547:Digesta
1525:History
1416:dumping
1398:Annex V
1319:(OWS),
1285:Annex I
1212:Annex V
1157:Annex I
1104:dumping
1098:of the
882:History
764:Hypoxia
593:Thermal
547:Plastic
409:Uranium
283:Natural
228:Digital
204:Genetic
52:Parties
4535:Indian
4525:Arctic
4188:Midden
4168:Debris
4123:Topics
4062:Sewage
4015:debris
4010:Marine
3858:Visual
3742:Mining
3737:Litter
3230:Mining
3019:
2700:
2690:
2682:
2577:2 July
2478:3 June
2245:UNCLOS
1963:Mutiny
1958:Seaman
1891:Factor
1755:Agency
1711:Piracy
1235:94.70
1196:97.59
1100:oceans
1082:, or "
942:Midden
937:Legacy
922:Debris
876:Topics
829:Sludge
819:Sewage
774:Marine
613:Visual
532:Mining
527:Litter
66:series
4614:SOLAS
4468:Wharf
4411:Types
4400:Ports
4259:Lists
4198:Waste
4140:Paint
3957:Water
3840:Space
3481:Sonar
3476:Urban
3454:Water
3438:Noise
3413:Ozone
3380:Light
3311:Waste
3203:Smoke
2960:(PDF)
2953:(PDF)
2927:(PDF)
2920:(PDF)
2895:(PDF)
2888:(PDF)
2813:(PDF)
2442:(PDF)
2429:(PDF)
2360:(PDF)
2349:(PDF)
1953:Owner
1886:Agent
1858:Terms
1706:Drugs
1669:Cargo
1614:Cargo
1609:Ferry
1242:Notes
1142:Title
1139:Annex
960:Lists
952:Waste
897:Paint
722:Water
574:Space
317:Noise
289:Ozone
254:Light
4624:STCW
4402:and
4173:Dust
4156:Misc
3575:Soil
3464:Rail
3450:Land
3294:Soot
3282:Smog
3198:Haze
3017:ISBN
2981:help
2935:2018
2903:2018
2835:link
2821:2018
2797:2019
2767:2019
2741:2019
2733:CNBC
2698:PMID
2680:ISSN
2635:2018
2605:2023
2579:2017
2549:2015
2516:help
2480:2015
2411:2015
2368:2019
1819:Lien
1486:SECA
1345:The
1306:ODME
1078:The
927:Dust
911:Misc
427:Soil
174:Soot
169:Smog
134:Haze
4284:2.5
3896:War
3459:Air
3114:Air
2785:IMO
2688:PMC
2670:doi
2353:IMO
2197:GAO
2156:IMO
1851:Law
1302:OWS
1193:138
653:War
97:Air
55:158
4718::
4317:)
3929:-
3925:-
2997:.
2972::
2970:}}
2966:{{
2831:}}
2827:{{
2783:,
2758:.
2730:.
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