207:. Program source text was stored in memory in tokenized form, with BASIC keywords replaced by one-byte tokens which saved memory space and speeded execution. Any line prefixed with a line number was stored as program text; BASIC statements not prefixed with a line number were executed immediately as commands. Programs could be listed on the screen for editing, or saved to disk in either a
140:
529:) which used a similar source language to MBASIC. A program debugged under MBASIC could be compiled with BASCOM. Since program text was no longer in memory and the run-time elements of the compiler were smaller than the interpreter, more memory was available for user data. Speed of real program execution increased about 3 fold.
185:
function. MBASIC did not fully support the features of the host CP/M operating system, for example, it did not support CP/M's user areas for organizing files on a diskette. Since CP/M systems were typically single-user and stand alone, there was no provision for file or record locking, or any form of
243:
keyword or an apostrophe, could be placed in the program text but took up valuable memory space, which discouraged BASIC users from fully documenting their code. To allow larger and more complex programs to be run, later versions of MBASIC supported functions that allowed portions of program text to
555:
MBASIC was an important tool during the era of 8-bit CP/M computers. Skilled users could write routines in MBASIC to automate tasks that in modern-day systems would be performed by powerful application program commands or scripting languages. Exchange of useful MBASIC programs was a common function
540:
for MBASIC source code so could be debugged interactively. A disadvantage was
Microsoft's requirement of a 9% royalty for each compiled copy of a program and $ 40 for hardware-software combinations. The company also reserved the right to audit developers' financial records. Because authors' typical
257:
A particular advantage of MBASIC was the full-text error messages provided for syntax and run-time errors. MBASIC also had a "trace" function that displayed line numbers as they were executed. While this occupied the same screen space as normal program output, it was useful for detecting conditions
512:
which made migration of programs from CP/M systems to PC-compatibles possible. The tokens used to represent keywords were different, so CP/M programs had to be saved in ASCII source form. Typically screen formatting escape sequences put into the CP/M version would be replaced with the cursor
564:
from a magazine article was one way of "bootstrapping" software into a new CP/M system. At least one compiler for a high-level language was written in MBASIC, and many small games and utility programs ranging from a few lines to a few thousand lines of code were written.
436:, this allowed a programmer to access portions of the operating system, or functions that would not otherwise be available. This also provided opportunities for user programs to hang the system (by accident, usually). For example, a CP/M programmer might use a
375:
were infamous for one- or two-character variable names, which made the meanings of variables difficult to recall in complex programs. MBASIC version 5 allowed identifiers up to 40 characters long, which permitted programmers to give variables readable names.
323:
Arrays of the above types were allowed with up to 7 dimensions, but no functions or operators worked on arrays; for example, there was no assignment of arrays. Unlike some other BASIC implementations of the time, MBASIC did not provide support for
451:
For more complex operations, MBASIC allowed user-defined functions that could be called from a BASIC program. These were typically placed in a reserved area of memory, or POKEd into string constants, as a series of
286:
numbers was proprietary to the implementation, which meant that data could only be interchanged with other programs using ASCII text representation or else with extensive programming to convert the binary format.
238:
processor. Typically when first starting MBASIC there would be less than 32 kB memory available for programs and data, even on a machine equipped with a full 64 kilobytes of RAM. Comment lines, prefixed with the
547:
in 1980 stated that BASCOM's additional 9% royalty rate "could make software development downright unprofitable", concluding that "Microsoft has the technical solution , but not the economic one".
162:
manufacturers to use the particular hardware features of the computer, MBASIC relied only on the CP/M operating system calls for all input and output. Only the CP/M console (screen and keyboard),
278:
at the end of each line) or else as fixed-record-length random access files, which, given a sufficiently determined programmer, could be used to perform database-type record manipulation. The
468:
instructions that read and wrote directly to the 8080 hardware input/output ports. This could be used to control peripheral devices from a BASIC program if the system hardware permitted.
364:
was provided; this relied on the user to key in a seed number to obtain a sequence of numbers useful for games and some simulations. MBASIC permitted but did not require the
1486:
1759:
223:
transfer. Only line editing commands were provided. It was often beneficial to save a program as plain text and edit it with a full featured editor.
1764:
1754:
254:
statements). No support for "shell" command execution was provided, though this functionality could be duplicated by a determined programmer.
1373:
336:
data type for financial calculations. All floating point operations were carried out in software since typical CP/M systems did not have
600:
CP/M products providing full-screen editing support required their own installation routines to customize the software for the specific
636:
1236:
704:
408:(computed GOTO) provided multi-way branches. Subroutines had no parameters and all variables were global. MBASIC did not make
1368:
1441:
1351:
984:
361:
1136:
190:. Apart from these limitations, MBASIC was considered at the time to be a powerful and useful implementation of BASIC.
1296:
1111:
909:
903:
227:
127:
interpreters that were among
Microsoft's first products. MBASIC was one of the two versions of BASIC bundled with the
1590:
1585:
1241:
1146:
1633:
1246:
1116:
914:
279:
1749:
1683:
1467:
1086:
718:
409:
316:
64-bit floating point (double precision), equivalent to sixteen decimal digits, with a two-digit exponent.
30:
1570:
1413:
1380:
943:
752:
187:
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Data could be read and stored to disk as either sequential files (delimited by the CP/M convention of
1638:
1502:
1454:
1393:
1307:
1211:
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816:
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used as the system console. No support was provided within CP/M to standardize terminal capabilities.
578:
428:
computers of the late '70s and early '80s would be complete without mentioning the importance of the
353:
333:
325:
148:
25:
682:
513:
positioning commands found in the PC versions of BASIC, otherwise little rewriting would be needed.
320:
String operators included substring selection, concatenation, assignment, and testing for equality.
131:
computer. The name "MBASIC" is derived from the disk file name MBASIC.COM of the BASIC interpreter.
1718:
1608:
1482:
826:
759:
697:
581:
337:
899:
155:
49:
479:, and of machine code user functions, were not portable between machines without modifications.
143:
MBasic 5.21 running on a Z80 CP/M system displayed on a monochrome monitor typical for that time
1595:
1431:
1231:
1067:
782:
769:
601:
433:
349:
204:
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1024:
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text. Every source line was identified with a number, which could be used as the target of a
1423:
1057:
867:
834:
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208:
61:
432:
functions for directly reading and writing to memory. Since these systems typically had no
234:
and the CP/M operating system itself all had to share the 64 kilobyte address space of the
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1418:
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1041:
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37:
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Besides
Microsoft's BASIC-80 for CP/M, a variant of MBASIC was also available as for the
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1703:
1575:
1320:
1176:
1062:
953:
895:
690:
672:, 2nd Edition Encyclopedia of the BASIC Computer Language",(1981), Compusoft Publishing
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is also a well known successor of MBASIC, featuring several extensions specific to the
440:
function to allow BASIC to switch the console device to the serial port, if the system
413:
329:
310:
283:
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1728:
1613:
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862:
849:
839:
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882:
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163:
124:
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1565:
1462:
1403:
1330:
1196:
1186:
1131:
989:
974:
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788:
532:
Developers welcomed BASCOM as an alternative to the popular but slow and clumsy
357:
313:(single precision), equivalent to six decimal digits, with a two-digit exponent;
231:
174:
1713:
1708:
1693:
1340:
1256:
1191:
1166:
1126:
1106:
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969:
938:
919:
857:
235:
1678:
1658:
1648:
1603:
1580:
1531:
1520:
1408:
1221:
1201:
1181:
1171:
1004:
734:
543:
494:
275:
128:
54:
42:
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family developed by Basic Micro, Inc., unrelated to the CP/M interpreter.
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1653:
1472:
1356:
1251:
1226:
1151:
979:
890:
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522:
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All the functions of CP/M MBASIC were available in the IBM PC disk-based
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MBASIC version 5 required a CP/M system with at least 28 KB of
714:
574:
220:
212:
138:
116:
94:
1492:
1261:
441:
216:
120:
66:
686:
299:
8-bit character data, in strings of length 0 to 255 characters;
1512:
498:
444:
supported this. For machines with real-time clocks, a set of
77:
123:
operating system. MBASIC is a descendant of the original
448:
instructions might have been used to access the time.
169:
MBASIC in the uncustomized form had no functions for
637:"BASIC, Computer Languages, and Computer Adventures"
244:
be read in and executed under program control (the "
1548:
1501:
1453:
1440:
1392:
1306:
1294:
1210:
1097:
1085:
1040:
962:
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881:
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797:
768:
733:
726:
412:mandatory for programmers and it was easy to write
88:
72:
60:
48:
36:
24:
384:Program flow control in MBASIC was controlled by
360:) only gave single precision results. A software
698:
8:
612:
610:
19:
295:MBASIC supported the following data types:
1450:
1303:
1094:
730:
705:
691:
683:
18:
16:Dialect of the BASIC programming language
573:MBASIC is also the name of a commercial
593:
541:royalty rates for software was 10-25%,
536:. Unlike CBASIC, BASCOM did not need a
151:(RAM) and at least one diskette drive.
340:. The built-in mathematics functions (
471:Any MBASIC programs that made use of
404:statement was available, although an
7:
665:,(1982) Osborne Computer Corporation
368:keyword for assignment statements.
166:, and disk devices were available.
635:Pournelle, Jerry (December 1980).
14:
1760:BASIC programming language family
460:). MBASIC also provided hardware
678:, Microsoft Corporation, no date
663:Osborne 1 User's Reference Guide
420:PEEKs, POKEs, and user functions
1765:Microsoft programming languages
661:Thom Hogan and Mike Iannamico,
424:No discussion of BASICs on the
1:
1755:Discontinued Microsoft BASICs
562:Keying in long BASIC listings
362:pseudorandom number generator
521:Microsoft sold a CP/M BASIC
910:Data General Extended BASIC
371:Early versions of BASIC on
1781:
211:binary format or as plain
173:, color, joysticks, mice,
1634:Disk Extended Color BASIC
1247:Open Programming Language
676:BASIC 80 Reference Manual
93:
1532:WinFBE, Visual FB Editor
915:Southampton BASIC System
624:. 1980-08-18. p. 8.
291:Variables and data types
158:that were customized by
338:floating point hardware
280:Microsoft Binary Format
1684:MS BASIC for Macintosh
1468:Visual Basic (classic)
778:TI-BASIC (calculators)
717:programming language (
410:structured programming
266:Files and input/output
144:
1571:Atari Microsoft BASIC
1414:Microsoft Small Basic
1381:Embedded Visual Basic
944:VSI BASIC for OpenVMS
175:serial communications
142:
1639:Extended Color BASIC
812:Rocky Mountain BASIC
807:HP Time-Shared BASIC
579:Microchip Technology
551:Importance of MBASIC
483:Successors to MBASIC
386:IF...THEN...ELSE...
380:Program flow control
149:random-access memory
1719:TI BASIC (TI 99/4A)
1609:Benton Harbor BASIC
827:Locomotive Software
582:PIC microcontroller
388:conditional tests,
181:, sound, or even a
154:Unlike versions of
21:
670:The BASIC Handbook
491:operating system.
156:Microsoft BASIC-80
145:
115:implementation of
1737:
1736:
1597:BASIC Programming
1544:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1483:Visual Basic .NET
1290:
1289:
1081:
1080:
1068:Super Expander 64
783:TI Extended BASIC
770:Texas Instruments
602:computer terminal
577:compiler for the
434:memory protection
400:instructions. No
100:
99:
1772:
1451:
1424:OpenOffice Basic
1304:
1095:
1033:
868:North Star BASIC
835:Locomotive BASIC
731:
713:Dialects of the
707:
700:
693:
684:
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652:
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632:
626:
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614:
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598:
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253:
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84:
81:
79:
38:Designed by
22:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1629:Dartmouth BASIC
1619:Commodore BASIC
1561:Applesoft BASIC
1536:
1504:
1497:
1444:
1436:
1395:
1388:
1363:Microsoft Excel
1299:
1286:
1213:
1206:
1090:
1077:
1036:
1027:
958:
924:
877:
844:
821:
799:Hewlett-Packard
793:
764:
747:TRS-80 BASICs (
743:Microsoft BASIC
722:
711:
681:
668:David A. Lien,
657:
656:
646:
644:
634:
633:
629:
616:
615:
608:
599:
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590:
571:
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519:
485:
476:
472:
465:
461:
445:
437:
422:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
382:
365:
330:complex numbers
293:
268:
251:
246:
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201:
199:Language system
196:
183:real-time clock
137:
76:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1778:
1776:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1742:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1724:Turbo-BASIC XL
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1704:Sinclair BASIC
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
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1656:
1651:
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1641:
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1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1576:Atari ST BASIC
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1552:
1550:
1546:
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1538:
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1376:
1371:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1321:Chipmunk Basic
1318:
1312:
1310:
1301:
1292:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
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1234:
1229:
1224:
1218:
1216:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
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1139:
1134:
1129:
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1119:
1114:
1109:
1103:
1101:
1092:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1063:Super Expander
1060:
1055:
1054:Graphics BASIC
1052:
1046:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
966:
964:
960:
959:
957:
956:
954:CALL/360:BASIC
951:
946:
941:
935:
933:
926:
925:
923:
922:
917:
912:
907:
896:Business Basic
893:
887:
885:
879:
878:
876:
875:
870:
865:
860:
854:
852:
850:Microcomputers
846:
845:
843:
842:
837:
831:
829:
823:
822:
820:
819:
814:
809:
803:
801:
795:
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786:
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774:
772:
766:
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739:
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728:
724:
723:
712:
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702:
695:
687:
680:
679:
673:
666:
658:
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654:
627:
606:
592:
591:
589:
586:
570:
567:
552:
549:
518:
515:
484:
481:
421:
418:
414:spaghetti code
381:
378:
373:microcomputers
318:
317:
314:
311:floating point
307:
300:
292:
289:
284:floating point
267:
264:
226:Program text,
200:
197:
195:
192:
136:
133:
98:
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91:
90:
86:
85:
74:
70:
69:
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58:
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52:
46:
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40:
34:
33:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1777:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1750:CP/M software
1748:
1747:
1745:
1730:
1729:Vilnius BASIC
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
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1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1614:Chinese BASIC
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
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1559:
1557:
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1553:
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1547:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1517:Basic4android
1514:
1511:
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1500:
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1488:
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1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1391:
1385:WinWrap Basic
1384:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
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1200:
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1188:
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1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1142:Liberty BASIC
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
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1102:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1088:
1084:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1058:Simons' BASIC
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1031:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
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978:
976:
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968:
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931:
927:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
905:
901:
897:
894:
892:
889:
888:
886:
884:
883:Minicomputers
880:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
863:Integer BASIC
861:
859:
856:
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840:Mallard BASIC
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558:users' groups
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454:machine codes
449:
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430:PEEK and POKE
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417:
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411:
406:ON...GOTO...
390:WHILE...WEND
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334:decimal (BCD)
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260:endless loops
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203:MBASIC is an
198:
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134:
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89:Influenced by
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39:
35:
32:
29:
27:
23:
1673:
1644:Family BASIC
1599:(Atari 2600)
1596:
1556:Altair BASIC
1157:Mobile BASIC
1073:YS MegaBasic
930:Time-sharing
904:Data General
785:(aka XBasic)
753:Level II/III
675:
669:
662:
645:. Retrieved
640:
630:
621:
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572:
556:of computer
554:
542:
538:preprocessor
531:
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486:
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342:sine, cosine
328:operations,
322:
319:
294:
269:
256:
232:disk buffers
225:
202:
188:multitasking
168:
164:line printer
153:
146:
125:Altair BASIC
111:
107:
102:
101:
1624:Color BASIC
1566:Atari BASIC
1505:open source
1463:CA-Realizer
1455:Proprietary
1428:ScriptBasic
1396:open source
1331:LotusScript
1308:Proprietary
1242:Indic BASIC
1214:open source
1197:Turbo Basic
1187:Tiger-BASIC
1132:FutureBASIC
1099:Proprietary
1028: [
990:Casio BASIC
975:Astro BASIC
949:SUPER BASIC
789:TI-BASIC 83
618:"Editorial"
392:loops, and
358:square root
354:exponential
350:natural log
205:interpreter
135:Environment
1744:Categories
1714:SuperBASIC
1709:STOS BASIC
1694:QuickBASIC
1419:Mono-Basic
1341:PowerBASIC
1300:extensions
1257:SmallBASIC
1192:True BASIC
1177:SmileBASIC
1167:PowerBASIC
1127:Beta BASIC
1112:AMOS BASIC
1107:AmigaBASIC
1010:Tiny BASIC
970:AlphaBasic
939:BASIC-PLUS
920:Wang BASIC
858:Atom BASIC
647:18 October
588:References
569:Other uses
525:(known as
501:machines.
209:compressed
179:networking
80:.microsoft
31:imperative
1679:MSX BASIC
1659:IBM BASIC
1649:GFA BASIC
1604:BBC BASIC
1521:Basic4ppc
1446:designers
1409:FreeBASIC
1361:VB 5 for
1348:Run BASIC
1232:DarkBASIC
1222:Basic-256
1202:WordBASIC
1182:ThinBasic
1172:PureBasic
1087:Procedure
1042:Extenders
1005:SDS BASIC
932:computers
760:BASIC 1.0
735:Microsoft
622:InfoWorld
544:InfoWorld
495:MSX-BASIC
228:variables
129:Osborne 1
110:icrosoft
55:Microsoft
50:Developer
43:Microsoft
1669:MacBASIC
1664:JR-BASIC
1654:GW-BASIC
1591:BASIC XL
1586:BASIC XE
1581:BASIC A+
1503:Free and
1473:NS Basic
1404:BlitzMax
1394:Free and
1357:VBScript
1345:ProvideX
1252:SdlBasic
1237:Euphoria
1227:Basic4GL
1212:Free and
1152:MapBasic
1091:oriented
980:BASICODE
891:BASIC-11
817:HP Basic
758:Thomson
523:compiler
304:integers
258:such as
194:Features
171:graphics
119:for the
26:Paradigm
1699:S-BASIC
1549:Defunct
1487:Mercury
1326:GLBasic
1282:Yabasic
1267:wxBasic
1162:OWBasic
1050:BASIC 8
1025:ETBASIC
873:SCELBAL
749:Level I
727:Classic
510:GWBASIC
489:ISIS-II
458:opcodes
346:tangent
332:, or a
309:32-bit
302:16-bit
105:is the
73:Website
1689:QBasic
1674:MBASIC
1527:Gambas
1478:RapidQ
1432:Roslyn
1336:Morfik
1316:AutoIt
1297:object
1277:Xblite
1272:XBasic
1122:BasicX
1020:ZBasic
1015:UBASIC
1000:PBASIC
995:CBASIC
534:CBASIC
527:BASCOM
517:BASCOM
506:BASICA
398:GOSUB
326:matrix
252:MERGE
250:" and
247:CHAIN
103:MBASIC
20:MBASIC
1295:With
1137:GRASS
1032:]
963:Other
715:BASIC
575:BASIC
438:POKE
426:8-bit
402:CASE
394:GOTO
221:GOSUB
213:ASCII
117:BASIC
112:BASIC
95:BASIC
1493:Xojo
1374:VSTA
1369:VSTO
1365:5.0
1262:QB64
1117:ASIC
719:list
649:2013
641:BYTE
477:POKE
475:and
473:PEEK
464:and
446:PEEK
442:BIOS
396:and
366:LET
282:for
241:REM
236:8080
217:GOTO
121:CP/M
82:.com
67:CP/M
1513:B4X
1442:RAD
1352:VBA
1147:LSE
985:BAL
900:B32
508:or
499:MSX
466:OUT
462:INP
219:or
78:www
1746::
1519:,
1030:zh
902:,
751:,
639:.
620:.
609:^
560:.
416:.
356:,
352:,
348:,
344:,
276:LF
272:CR
262:.
230:,
177:,
62:OS
1523:)
1515:(
1489:)
1485:(
1089:-
906:)
898:(
755:)
721:)
706:e
699:t
692:v
651:.
456:(
306:;
274:/
108:M
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