338:
315:
1269:. The second ATM kinase phosphorylates the TQXF domain on MDC1 which allows it to recruit the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF8, which will ubiquitinate the histones near the DSB which initiates further ubiquitination of the chromatin around the site of damage by other factors of the DDR. This aggregation of DDR factors and concentration of phosphorylated and ubiquitinated histones is called a DNA damage foci or ionizing radiation-induced foci and the main role of MDC1 is to coordinate the creation of DNA damage foci. This
212:
237:
3504:
3519:
596:
589:
344:
243:
3534:
29:
1552:
Unlike the FHA domains on other DRR factors, the FHA domain on MDC1 is not well-characterized. It has been implicated in DSB repair, Intra-S phase and G2/M checkpoints but the specific mechanism is yet to be determined. The FHA domain does have a few putative MDC1-FHA interacting factors such as
1614:
The BRCT domain on MDC1 directly binds to the Ξ³H2AX of damaged chromatin. The BRCT domain creates an Ξ±/Ξ² fold which extends from the C-terminus of MDC1 through a linker region. It preferentially binds to phosphorylated Ser residues followed by Glu, Tyr, motif on Ξ³H2AX. This domain also binds to
1392:
mice cells and silenced human cells were radiosensitive, failed to initiate Intra-S phase and G2/M checkpoints, failed to produce ionizing radiation-induced foci had poor phosphorylation by the DRR kinases (ATM, CHK1, CHK2), defects in homologous recombination. Human cells with silenced
55:
1607:
The PST domain is composed of repeats of a proline-serine-threonine motif. This domain plays a role in DNA repair by both homologous recombination and by Non-homologous end joining, however the mechanism through which it facilitates repair of damaged DNA is not yet
1761:
ENSG00000237095, ENSG00000137337, ENSG00000206481, ENSG00000234012, ENSG00000231135, ENSG00000228575, ENSG00000225589 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000224587, ENSG00000237095, ENSG00000137337, ENSG00000206481, ENSG00000234012, ENSG00000231135, ENSG00000228575,
1197:, and mediator/adaptors factors. In mammalian cells the DDR is a network of pathways made up of proteins that function as either kinases, or and mediator/adaptors that recruit the kinases to their phosphorylation targets, these factors work together to detect
1156:. MDC1 protein is a regulator of the Intra-S phase and the G2/M cell cycle checkpoints and recruits repair proteins to the site of DNA damage. It is involved in determining cell survival fate in association with tumor suppressor protein
3274:
Mochan TA, Venere M, DiTullio RA, Halazonetis TD (2004). "53BP1 and NFBD1/MDC1-Nbs1 function in parallel interacting pathways activating ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) in response to DNA damage".
1835:
Ozaki T, Nagase T, Ichimiya S, Seki N, Ohiri M, Nomura N, Takada N, Sakiyama S, Weber BL, Nakagawara A (Sep 2000). "NFBD1/KIAA0170 is a novel nuclear transcriptional transactivator with BRCT domain".
1728:. Because of MDC1s involvement in several pathways that are often misappropriated by cancer cells including the cell cycle checkpoints, DDR, and p53 tumor suppression, cancer treatments that target
1689:, which is observed in several cancers including breast, lung and prostate, results in reduced production of MDC1 and subsequently a destabilization of the genome and increased tumorigenicity.
3503:
1205:. The MDC1s role in DDR is to function both as a mediator/adaptor protein mediating a complex of other DDR proteins at the site of DNA damage and repairing DNA damage through its PST domain.
1316:
can execute its anti-apoptotic activity by inhibiting p53 in two ways. The MDC1 protein can bind to the n-terminus of p53 through its BRC1 domain which blocks p53 transactivation domain.
2933:"Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. V. The coding sequences of 40 new genes (KIAA0161-KIAA0200) deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from human cell line KG-1"
1583:
of the MRN complex are necessary for the activation of intra-S-phase and the G2/M checkpoints, however their role in the molecular mechanism of checkpoint control has not been resolved.
3518:
1704:
is lost. Reduction in MDC1 protein levels has been observed in a large number of breast and lung carcinomas. Several studies on various human cancer cell lines including the
351:
250:
2968:"NFBD1, a novel nuclear protein with signature motifs of FHA and BRCT, and an internal 41-amino acid repeat sequence, is an early participant in DNA damage response"
2812:
Yang M, Bu Y, Wang C, Liu G, Song F (Sep 2010). "Growth inhibition, morphology change, and cell cycle alterations in NFBD1-depleted human esophageal cancer cells".
2855:
Yuan C, Bu Y, Wang C, Yi F, Yang Z, Huang X, Cheng L, Liu G, Wang Y, Song F (Jan 2010). "NFBD1/MDC1 is a protein of oncogenic potential in human cervical cancer".
1597:. This MDC1/RNF8 coupling then facilitates the recruitment of other DDR factors such as RNF168, 53BP1, and BRCA1. TQXF is important for proper passage through the
2450:
Goldberg M, Stucki M, Falck J, D'amours D, Rahman D, Pappin D, Bartek J, Jackson S (Feb 2003). "MDC1 is required for the intra-S- phase DNA damage checkpoint".
1320:
can also inactivate p53 by reducing the phosphorylation levels of p53 Ser-15 residues necessary to p53 apoptotic activity. Studies on lung cancer cell lines (
2773:"DNA damage response mediators MDC1 and 53BP1: constitu- tive activation and aberrant loss in breast and lung cancer, but not in testicular germ cell tumours"
1257:
flag that highlights the site of DNA damage . The SDT domain of the MDC1 protein is phosphorylated by caseine kinase 2 (CK2) which allows it to bind another
3071:
Goldberg M, Stucki M, Falck J, D'Amours D, Rahman D, Pappin D, Bartek J, Jackson SP (2003). "MDC1 is required for the intra-S-phase DNA damage checkpoint".
1308:
phosphorylate p53 on its Ser-15 and Ser-20 residues which activates p53 and stabilizes it by allowing it to dissociate from the E3 ubiquitin protein ligase
809:
173:
790:
2153:"Oocytes can repair DNA damage during meiosis via a microtubule-dependent recruitment of CIP2A-MDC1-TOPBP1 complex from spindle pole to chromosomes"
2550:
Lou Z, Minter-Dykhouse K, Franco S, Gostissa M, Rivera MA, Celeste A, Manis JP, van
Deursen J, Nussenzweig A, Paull TT, Alt FW, Chen J (Jan 2006).
1631:
this arrest the cell in the G2 cycle until the sister chromatin have completely separated. The BRCT domain also interacts the tumor suppressor
1181:
which is part of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway, the mechanism through which eukaryotic cells respond to damaged DNA, specifically DNA
1817:
3483:
1799:
3562:
337:
3533:
2109:"NFBD1/MDC1 associates with p53 and regulates its function at the crossroad between cell survival and death in response to DNA damage"
1082:
1075:
314:
2771:
Bartkova J, HoΕejsΓ Z, Sehested M, Nesland JM, Rajpert-De Meyts E, SkakkebΓ¦k NE, Stucki M, Jackson S, Lukas J, Bartek J (Jun 2007).
2200:
Lou Z, Minter-Dykhouse K, Wu X, Chen J (Feb 2003). "MDC1 is coupled to activated CHK2 in mammalian DNA damage response pathways".
1924:
1349:
3163:"Mediator of DNA damage checkpoint protein 1 regulates BRCA1 localization and phosphorylation in DNA damage checkpoint control"
1873:
Stewart GS, Wang B, Bignell CR, Taylor AM, Elledge SJ (Feb 2003). "MDC1 is a mediator of the mammalian DNA damage checkpoint".
1786:
1765:
3116:
Lou Z, Minter-Dykhouse K, Wu X, Chen J (2003). "MDC1 is coupled to activated CHK2 in mammalian DNA damage response pathways".
1384:
on human cells or knockout studies in mice have shown several defects at both the cellular and organismal level. Mice lacking
1782:
2501:
Lukas C, Melander F, Stucki M, Falck J, Bekker-Jensen S, Goldberg M, Lerenthal Y, Jackson S, Bartek J, Lukas J (Jul 2004).
236:
211:
52:
1760:
1590:
1554:
1420:
1301:
1266:
1236:
1225:
3295:
Lukas C, Melander F, Stucki M, Falck J, Bekker-Jensen S, Goldberg M, Lerenthal Y, Jackson SP, Bartek J, Lukas J (2005).
153:
1406:
1261:, the MDC1 protein can sense the DNA damage by binding to the Ξ³H2AX flag through its BRCT domain and brings the bound
1601:, however the molecular mechanism through which MDC1 and RNF8 regulate the G2/M checkpoint has not yet been resolved.
1627:. The BRCT domain is involved in the regulation of the decatenation checkpoint at the end of replication by binding
350:
249:
1616:
1504:
1414:
3038:"NFBD1, like 53BP1, is an early and redundant transducer mediating Chk2 phosphorylation in response to DNA damage"
3476:
343:
242:
3198:"NFBD1/MDC1 regulates ionizing radiation-induced focus formation by DNA checkpoint signaling and repair factors"
2256:"NFBD1/MDC1 regulates ionizing radiation-induced focus formation by DNA checkpoint signaling and repair factors"
884:
161:
2107:
Nakanishi M, Ozaki T, Yamamoto H, Hanamoto T, Kikuchi H, Furuya K, Asaka M, Delia D, Nakagawara A (Aug 2007).
2902:
Stucki M, Jackson SP (2005). "MDC1/NFBD1: a key regulator of the DNA damage response in higher eukaryotes".
2681:
Lee JH, Park SJ, Jeong SY, Kim MJ, Jun S, Lee HS, Chang IY, Lim SC, Yoon SP, Yong J, and You HJ (Apr 2015).
2552:"MDC1 maintains genomic stability by participating in the amplification of ATM-dependent DNA damage signals"
865:
861:
857:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
3338:
Beausoleil SA, Jedrychowski M, Schwartz D, Elias JE, VillΓ©n J, Li J, Cohn MA, Cantley LC, Gygi SP (2004).
1700:
is a putative tumor suppressor. Knockout studies in mice have shown an increase in tumor development when
3512:: Crystal Structure Of The Brct Repeat Region From The Mediator of DNA damage checkpoint protein 1, MDC1
2593:"The DNA damage response mediator MDC1 directly interacts with the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome"
1682:
1598:
1274:
1202:
3428:"NIMA-related protein kinase 1 is involved early in the ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage response"
2503:"Mdc1 couples DNA double-strand break recognition by Nbs1 with its H2AX- dependent chromatin retention"
3297:"Mdc1 couples DNA double-strand break recognition by Nbs1 with its H2AX-dependent chromatin retention"
2403:"Spatial organization of the mammalian genome surveillance machinery in response to DNA strand breaks"
3469:
3351:
3125:
3080:
2459:
2316:
2209:
1947:
1882:
1388:
are smaller, have infertile males, are radiosensitive, and are more susceptible to tumors. Knock out
1182:
225:
140:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
975:
2724:"Distinct versus overlapping functions of MDC1 and 53BP1 in DNA damage response and tumorigenesis"
2007:
1589:
This domain is characterized by four threonine-glutamine then a phenylalanine at the 3+ position.
3227:
3149:
3104:
2880:
2837:
2483:
2285:
2233:
2038:
1971:
1906:
1209:
1186:
185:
1001:
954:
1938:
Zhou BB, Elledge SJ (Nov 2000). "The DNA damage response: putting checkpoints in perspective".
3449:
3414:
3379:
3326:
3283:
3262:
3219:
3184:
3141:
3096:
3059:
3024:
2989:
2954:
2919:
2872:
2829:
2794:
2753:
2704:
2683:"MicroRNA-22 Suppresses DNA Repair and Promotes Genomic Instability through Targeting of MDC1"
2663:
2614:
2573:
2532:
2475:
2432:
2383:
2342:
2277:
2225:
2182:
2130:
2082:
2030:
1963:
1898:
1852:
1365:
133:
45:
3439:
3404:
3369:
3359:
3316:
3308:
3252:
3209:
3174:
3133:
3088:
3049:
3014:
3003:"NFBD1/KIAA0170 is a chromatin-associated protein involved in DNA damage signaling pathways"
2979:
2944:
2911:
2864:
2821:
2784:
2743:
2735:
2694:
2653:
2645:
2604:
2563:
2522:
2514:
2467:
2422:
2414:
2373:
2332:
2324:
2267:
2217:
2172:
2164:
2120:
2072:
2022:
1955:
1890:
1844:
1620:
1594:
595:
588:
430:
361:
305:
260:
2401:
Bekker-Jensen S, Lukas C, Kitagawa R, Melander F, Kastan MB, Bartek J, Lukas J (Apr 2006).
3527:: Crystal structure of the MDC1 brct repeat in complex with the histone tail of gamma-H2AX
2591:
Coster G, Hayouka Z, Argaman L, Strauss C, Friedler A, Brandeis M, Goldberg M (Sep 2007).
1737:
1733:
1239:
1178:
405:
181:
3355:
3129:
3084:
2463:
2320:
2213:
2177:
2152:
1951:
1886:
2748:
2723:
2658:
2633:
2427:
2402:
2337:
2304:
1265:
to the site of damaged DNA and it facilitates the recruitment and retention of another
3374:
3339:
3321:
3296:
2527:
2502:
2378:
2361:
2303:
Conrad T, Albrecht AS, de Melo Costa VR, Sauer S, Meierhofer D, Γrom UA (2016-01-01).
1500:
protein contains the following domains listed in order from N-terminal to C-terminal:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
652:
647:
642:
637:
28:
3556:
624:
3231:
2884:
2841:
2289:
2042:
165:
3153:
3108:
2487:
2237:
1975:
1910:
1153:
423:
202:
3444:
3427:
2699:
2682:
1397:
also displayed random plasmid integration, reduced apoptosis, and slowed mitosis.
2915:
2568:
2551:
189:
1822:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1804:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1717:
1576:
1572:
1541:
1369:
1353:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1221:
1160:. This protein also goes by the name Nuclear Factor with BRCT Domain 1 (NFBD1).
1253:(phosphorylated H2AX histones are commonly noted as Ξ³H2AX), and they become an
506:
2868:
2825:
2360:
de Jager M, van Noort J, van Gent DC, Dekker C, Kanaar R, Wyman C (Nov 2001).
2026:
1848:
1635:
and inhibits p53 by blocking its transactivation domain, as well as aiding in
1537:
1512:
1278:
1243:
1217:
1198:
1138:
322:
219:
169:
3312:
2518:
2059:
Lou Z, Chen BP, Asaithamby A, Minter-Dykhouse K, Chen DJ, Chen J (Nov 2004).
3364:
3241:"Phosphopeptide binding specificities of BRCA1 COOH-terminal (BRCT) domains"
2949:
2932:
1721:
1705:
1325:
1321:
1293:
1213:
1190:
754:
566:
444:
389:
376:
288:
275:
177:
3453:
3418:
3409:
3392:
3383:
3330:
3287:
3266:
3257:
3240:
3223:
3188:
3179:
3162:
3145:
3100:
3063:
3054:
3037:
3028:
3019:
3002:
2993:
2984:
2967:
2923:
2876:
2833:
2798:
2789:
2772:
2757:
2708:
2667:
2618:
2609:
2592:
2577:
2536:
2479:
2436:
2387:
2346:
2281:
2229:
2186:
2134:
2125:
2108:
2086:
2077:
2060:
2034:
1967:
1902:
1856:
1340:, not observed in other types of cells, is the prolonged arrest during the
3214:
3197:
2958:
2739:
2418:
2272:
2255:
2168:
1122:
1117:
3391:
Lou Z, Chen BP, Asaithamby A, Minter-Dykhouse K, Chen DJ, Chen J (2004).
1667:
1656:
1357:
1341:
1106:
929:
910:
3137:
3092:
2471:
2328:
2221:
1894:
1708:
human lung carcinoma line, multiple esophageal cancer cell lines (TE11,
1624:
1337:
1270:
1250:
1232:
1194:
1142:
896:
821:
1716:, SiHa, and CaSki) showed increased sensitivity to anti-cancer drugs (
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
3393:"MDC1 regulates DNA-PK autophosphorylation in response to DNA damage"
2061:"MDC1 regulates DNA-PK autophosphorylation in response to DNA damage"
1959:
1671:
1445:
1361:
1345:
1090:
776:
2649:
3340:"Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins"
1521:(or SDTD) - This domain is located between amino acids 218 and 460.
2362:"Human Rad50/Mre11 is a flexible complex that can tether DNA ends"
1725:
1628:
1575:(composed of MRE11/RAD50/NBS1) and is responsible for keeping the
1562:
1558:
1469:
1457:
1439:
1426:
1381:
1247:
1229:
739:
735:
1713:
1709:
1686:
1678:
1663:
1659:
1636:
1580:
1481:
1463:
1451:
1433:
1309:
1305:
1149:
157:
3465:
604:
3461:
2722:
Minter-Dykhouse K, Ward I, Huen SY, Chen J, Lou Z (Jun 2008).
1640:
1632:
1488:
MDC1 also binds to mRNA or polyadenylated RNA in the nucleus.
1475:
1297:
1157:
2634:"Topoisomerase IIalpha controls the decatenation checkpoint"
1533:- This domain lies between amino acid residues 114 and 1662.
1724:), when endogenous MDC1 protein levels were knockdown with
1593:
phosphorylates this domain allowing it to bind RNF8 an E3
1579:
associated with the DSB chromatin. This domain along with
2931:
Nagase T, Seki N, Ishikawa K, Tanaka A, Nomura N (1996).
1527:- This domain is located between amino acids 699 and 768.
1328:
agents when MDC1 protein levels were reduced with siRNA.
1292:
has anti-apoptotic properties by directly inhibiting the
1273:
is required to activate the intra-S phase and G2/M phase
1380:
Inhibition or loss of MDC1 protein through studies with
1352:
can be repaired during meiosis I by a process involving
1201:, and signal the repair mechanism as well as activating
720:
double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining
413:
1925:"Entrez Gene: MDC1 mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1"
2305:"Serial interactome capture of the human cell nucleus"
1571:
When the SDT domain is phosphorylated it can bind the
578:
1544:) domain and lies between amino acids 1891 and 2082.
3426:Polci R, Peng A, Chen PL, Riley DJ, Chen Y (2005).
3161:Lou Z, Chini CC, Minter-Dykhouse K, Chen J (2003).
1015:
994:
968:
947:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1515:domain lies between amino acid residues 54 and 105
1324:) showed an increase in apoptosis in response to
360:
259:
3542:: Crystal Structure of MDC1 Tandem BRCT Domains
2249:
2247:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2054:
2052:
710:mitotic intra-S DNA damage checkpoint signaling
16:Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
3239:Rodriguez M, Yu X, Chen J, Songyang Z (2004).
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1868:
1866:
1783:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000061607
1336:In female mammals, a unique characteristic of
3477:
8:
2146:
2144:
144:, NFBD1, mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1
1300:. DNA damage can induce apoptosis when the
1220:, triggering the DDR which starts with the
1193:. The DDR of mammalian cells is made up of
1135:Mediator of DNA damage checkpoint protein 1
3484:
3470:
3462:
2008:"MDC1: The art of keeping things in focus"
1296:activity of the tumor suppressing protein
1012:
826:
750:
620:
401:
300:
197:
63:
3443:
3408:
3373:
3363:
3320:
3256:
3213:
3178:
3053:
3018:
2983:
2948:
2788:
2747:
2698:
2657:
2632:Luo K, Yuan J, Chen J, Lou Z (Feb 2009).
2608:
2567:
2526:
2426:
2377:
2336:
2271:
2176:
2124:
2076:
1712:, YES5), and cervical cancer cell lines (
705:cellular response to DNA damage stimulus
3499:
1748:
18:
2966:Shang YL, Bodero AJ, Chen PL (2003).
365:
326:
321:
264:
223:
218:
7:
1655:is indirectly down regulated by the
2151:Leem J, Kim JS, Oh JS (June 2023).
2006:Jungmichel S, Stucki M (Aug 2010).
991:
965:
944:
920:
901:
875:
800:
781:
583:
501:
439:
418:
14:
1145:that in humans is encoded by the
3532:
3517:
3502:
1732:have the potential to be potent
1152:located on the short arm (p) of
594:
587:
349:
342:
336:
313:
248:
241:
235:
210:
27:
1674:) which targets the 3' end of
1356:-dependent recruitment of the
605:More reference expression data
567:More reference expression data
1:
3445:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-2243
2700:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-14-2783
2379:10.1016/s1097-2765(01)00381-1
1685:. Aberrant overexpression of
334:
233:
3344:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
2916:10.1016/j.dnarep.2004.03.007
2569:10.1016/j.molcel.2005.11.025
1666:activates expression of the
3563:Genes on human chromosome 6
2254:Xu X, Stern DF (Oct 2003).
1169:Role in DNA damage response
463:right lobe of thyroid gland
3579:
1617:anaphase-promoting complex
1505:forkhead-associated domain
1208:When a cell is exposed to
643:protein C-terminus binding
471:left lobe of thyroid gland
3497:
2869:10.1007/s11010-011-1027-7
2826:10.1007/s11010-010-0460-3
2027:10.1007/s00412-010-0266-9
1849:10.1089/10445490050128403
1818:"Mouse PubMed Reference:"
1800:"Human PubMed Reference:"
1185:(DSB) that are caused by
1121:
1116:
1112:
1105:
1089:
1070:
1039:
998:
987:
972:
951:
940:
927:
923:
908:
904:
895:
882:
878:
855:
829:
820:
807:
803:
788:
784:
775:
760:
753:
749:
733:
653:identical protein binding
623:
619:
602:
586:
577:
564:
513:
504:
451:
442:
412:
404:
400:
383:
370:
333:
312:
303:
299:
282:
269:
232:
209:
200:
196:
151:
148:
138:
131:
126:
71:
66:
49:
44:
39:
35:
26:
21:
3313:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600269
3036:Peng A, Chen PL (2003).
2519:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600269
1350:DNA double-strand breaks
1083:Chr 17: 36.15 β 36.17 Mb
3365:10.1073/pnas.0404720101
3196:Xu X, Stern DF (2003).
3001:Xu X, Stern DF (2003).
1619:(APC/C) which is an E3
1405:MDC1 has been shown to
1344:stage of meiosis I. In
3410:10.1074/jbc.C400375200
3258:10.1074/jbc.C300407200
3180:10.1074/jbc.C300060200
3055:10.1074/jbc.C300001200
3020:10.1074/jbc.M211392200
2985:10.1074/jbc.M210749200
2790:10.1038/sj.onc.1210553
2610:10.1074/jbc.m705890200
2157:Nucleic Acids Research
2126:10.1074/jbc.m611412200
2078:10.1074/jbc.c400375200
1275:cell cycle checkpoints
1203:cell cycle checkpoints
1177:gene encodes the MDC1
1076:Chr 6: 30.7 β 30.72 Mb
553:neural layer of retina
3215:10.1096/fj.03-0310com
2950:10.1093/dnares/3.1.17
2740:10.1083/jcb.200801083
2419:10.1083/jcb.200510130
2309:Nature Communications
2273:10.1096/fj.03-0310com
328:Chromosome 17 (mouse)
1376:Loss of MDC1 protein
1235:on the damaged DNA.
1216:can be damaged with
1183:double-strand breaks
226:Chromosome 6 (human)
67:List of PDB id codes
40:Available structures
3403:(45): 46359β46362.
3356:2004PNAS..10112130B
3350:(33): 12130β12135.
3251:(52): 52914β52918.
3173:(16): 13599β13602.
3138:10.1038/nature01447
3130:2003Natur.421..957L
3093:10.1038/nature01445
3085:2003Natur.421..952G
2603:(44): 32053β32064.
2472:10.1038/nature01445
2464:2003Natur.421..952G
2329:10.1038/ncomms11212
2321:2016NatCo...711212C
2222:10.1038/nature01447
2214:2003Natur.421..957L
2169:10.1093/nar/gkad213
1952:2000Natur.408..433Z
1895:10.1038/nature01446
1887:2003Natur.421..961S
2904:DNA Repair (Amst.)
2119:(31): 22993β3004.
1210:ionizing radiation
1187:ionizing radiation
885:ENSMUSG00000061607
698:Biological process
662:Cellular component
638:FHA domain binding
631:Molecular function
3550:
3549:
3438:(24): 8800β8803.
3307:(13): 2674β2683.
3208:(13): 1842β1848.
3124:(6926): 957β961.
3079:(6926): 952β956.
3048:(11): 8873β8876.
3013:(10): 8795β8803.
2783:(53): 7414β7422.
2513:(13): 2674β2683.
2458:(6926): 952β956.
2163:(10): 4899β4913.
1946:(6811): 433β439.
1881:(6926): 961β966.
1492:Protein structure
1285:Role in apoptosis
1132:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1101:
1100:
1066:
1065:
1009:
1008:
983:
982:
962:
961:
936:
935:
917:
916:
891:
890:
872:
871:
816:
815:
797:
796:
745:
744:
615:
614:
611:
610:
573:
572:
560:
559:
498:
497:
396:
395:
295:
294:
122:
121:
118:
117:
50:Ortholog search:
3570:
3536:
3521:
3506:
3486:
3479:
3472:
3463:
3457:
3447:
3422:
3412:
3387:
3377:
3367:
3334:
3324:
3291:
3270:
3260:
3235:
3217:
3192:
3182:
3157:
3112:
3067:
3057:
3032:
3022:
2997:
2987:
2978:(8): 6323β6329.
2962:
2952:
2927:
2910:(8β9): 953β957.
2889:
2888:
2857:Mol Cell Biochem
2852:
2846:
2845:
2814:Mol Cell Biochem
2809:
2803:
2802:
2792:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2751:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2702:
2693:(7): 1298β1310.
2678:
2672:
2671:
2661:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2612:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2571:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2530:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2430:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2381:
2372:(5): 1129β1135.
2357:
2351:
2350:
2340:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2275:
2251:
2242:
2241:
2208:(6926): 957β61.
2197:
2191:
2190:
2180:
2148:
2139:
2138:
2128:
2104:
2091:
2090:
2080:
2071:(45): 46359β62.
2056:
2047:
2046:
2012:
2003:
1980:
1979:
1960:10.1038/35044005
1935:
1929:
1928:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1870:
1861:
1860:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1796:
1790:
1780:
1769:
1758:
1639:inactivation of
1621:ubiquitin ligase
1595:ubiquitin ligase
1114:
1113:
1085:
1078:
1061:
1013:
1004:
992:
988:RefSeq (protein)
978:
966:
957:
945:
921:
902:
876:
851:
827:
801:
782:
751:
621:
607:
598:
591:
584:
569:
549:ventricular zone
525:genital tubercle
509:
507:Top expressed in
502:
467:ventricular zone
447:
445:Top expressed in
440:
419:
402:
392:
379:
368:
353:
346:
340:
329:
317:
301:
291:
278:
267:
252:
245:
239:
228:
214:
198:
192:
190:MDC1 - orthologs
143:
136:
113:
64:
58:
37:
36:
31:
19:
3578:
3577:
3573:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3546:
3543:
3537:
3528:
3522:
3513:
3507:
3493:
3490:
3460:
3425:
3390:
3337:
3294:
3282:(24): 8586β91.
3273:
3238:
3195:
3160:
3115:
3070:
3035:
3000:
2965:
2930:
2901:
2897:
2895:Further reading
2892:
2863:(1β2): 333β46.
2854:
2853:
2849:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2687:Cancer Research
2680:
2679:
2675:
2650:10.1038/ncb1828
2631:
2630:
2626:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2253:
2252:
2245:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2150:
2149:
2142:
2106:
2105:
2094:
2058:
2057:
2050:
2010:
2005:
2004:
1983:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1872:
1871:
1864:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1781:
1772:
1762:ENSG00000225589
1759:
1750:
1746:
1738:chemosensitizer
1734:radiosensitizer
1695:
1650:
1599:G2/M checkpoint
1494:
1486:
1403:
1378:
1334:
1332:Role in meiosis
1287:
1277:in response to
1228:to the exposed
1179:nuclear protein
1171:
1166:
1123:View/Edit Mouse
1118:View/Edit Human
1081:
1074:
1071:Location (UCSC)
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1000:
974:
953:
866:ENSG00000225589
864:
862:ENSG00000228575
860:
858:ENSG00000231135
850:
848:ENSG00000234012
846:
844:ENSG00000206481
842:
840:ENSG00000137337
838:
836:ENSG00000237095
834:
832:ENSG00000224587
830:
729:
693:
657:
648:protein binding
603:
593:
592:
565:
556:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
505:
494:
491:pituitary gland
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
443:
387:
374:
366:
356:
355:
354:
347:
327:
304:Gene location (
286:
273:
265:
255:
254:
253:
246:
224:
201:Gene location (
152:
139:
132:
73:
51:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3576:
3574:
3566:
3565:
3555:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3538:
3531:
3529:
3523:
3516:
3514:
3508:
3501:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3481:
3474:
3466:
3459:
3458:
3423:
3388:
3335:
3292:
3271:
3236:
3193:
3158:
3113:
3068:
3033:
2998:
2963:
2928:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2847:
2804:
2763:
2734:(5): 727β735.
2714:
2673:
2644:(2): 204β210.
2624:
2583:
2562:(2): 187β200.
2542:
2493:
2442:
2413:(2): 195β206.
2393:
2352:
2295:
2266:(13): 1842β8.
2243:
2192:
2140:
2092:
2048:
2021:(4): 337β349.
1981:
1930:
1916:
1862:
1843:(8): 475β485.
1827:
1809:
1791:
1770:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1694:
1693:Role in cancer
1691:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1623:that degrades
1612:
1609:
1605:
1602:
1587:
1584:
1569:
1566:
1550:
1546:
1545:
1534:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1493:
1490:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1411:
1402:
1399:
1377:
1374:
1333:
1330:
1286:
1283:
1240:phosphorylates
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1110:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1087:
1086:
1079:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1037:
1036:
1010:
1007:
1006:
996:
995:
989:
985:
984:
981:
980:
970:
969:
963:
960:
959:
949:
948:
942:
938:
937:
934:
933:
925:
924:
918:
915:
914:
906:
905:
899:
893:
892:
889:
888:
880:
879:
873:
870:
869:
853:
852:
824:
818:
817:
814:
813:
805:
804:
798:
795:
794:
786:
785:
779:
773:
772:
767:
762:
758:
757:
747:
746:
743:
742:
731:
730:
728:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
701:
699:
695:
694:
692:
691:
686:
681:
676:
674:focal adhesion
671:
665:
663:
659:
658:
656:
655:
650:
645:
640:
634:
632:
628:
627:
617:
616:
613:
612:
609:
608:
600:
599:
581:
575:
574:
571:
570:
562:
561:
558:
557:
555:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
517:tail of embryo
514:
511:
510:
499:
496:
495:
493:
492:
488:
487:body of uterus
484:
483:gastric mucosa
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
449:
448:
436:
435:
427:
416:
410:
409:
406:RNA expression
398:
397:
394:
393:
385:
381:
380:
372:
369:
364:
358:
357:
348:
341:
335:
331:
330:
325:
319:
318:
310:
309:
297:
296:
293:
292:
284:
280:
279:
271:
268:
263:
257:
256:
247:
240:
234:
230:
229:
222:
216:
215:
207:
206:
194:
193:
150:
146:
145:
137:
129:
128:
124:
123:
120:
119:
116:
115:
69:
68:
60:
59:
48:
42:
41:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3575:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3541:
3535:
3530:
3526:
3520:
3515:
3511:
3505:
3500:
3496:
3487:
3482:
3480:
3475:
3473:
3468:
3467:
3464:
3455:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3397:J. Biol. Chem
3394:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3245:J. Biol. Chem
3242:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3167:J. Biol. Chem
3164:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3042:J. Biol. Chem
3039:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3007:J. Biol. Chem
3004:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2972:J. Biol. Chem
2969:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2851:
2848:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2808:
2805:
2800:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2767:
2764:
2759:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2718:
2715:
2710:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2677:
2674:
2669:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2638:Nat Cell Biol
2635:
2628:
2625:
2620:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2587:
2584:
2579:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2546:
2543:
2538:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2497:
2494:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2446:
2443:
2438:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2397:
2394:
2389:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2356:
2353:
2348:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2299:
2296:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2196:
2193:
2188:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2088:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2009:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1934:
1931:
1926:
1920:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1837:DNA Cell Biol
1831:
1828:
1823:
1819:
1813:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1654:
1647:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1491:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1364:complex from
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1168:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1005:
1003:
997:
993:
990:
986:
979:
977:
971:
967:
964:
958:
956:
950:
946:
943:
941:RefSeq (mRNA)
939:
932:
931:
926:
922:
919:
913:
912:
907:
903:
900:
898:
894:
887:
886:
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877:
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868:
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849:
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841:
837:
833:
828:
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823:
819:
812:
811:
806:
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793:
792:
787:
783:
780:
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771:
768:
766:
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748:
741:
737:
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726:
723:
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664:
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629:
626:
625:Gene ontology
622:
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582:
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568:
563:
552:
548:
544:
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391:
386:
382:
378:
373:
367:17|17 B1
363:
359:
352:
345:
339:
332:
324:
320:
316:
311:
307:
302:
298:
290:
285:
281:
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159:
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147:
142:
135:
130:
125:
114:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
70:
65:
62:
61:
57:
54:
47:
43:
38:
34:
30:
25:
20:
3539:
3524:
3509:
3435:
3431:
3400:
3396:
3347:
3343:
3304:
3300:
3279:
3275:
3248:
3244:
3205:
3201:
3170:
3166:
3121:
3117:
3076:
3072:
3045:
3041:
3010:
3006:
2975:
2971:
2943:(1): 17β24.
2940:
2936:
2907:
2903:
2860:
2856:
2850:
2820:(1β2): 1β6.
2817:
2813:
2807:
2780:
2776:
2766:
2731:
2727:
2717:
2690:
2686:
2676:
2641:
2637:
2627:
2600:
2596:
2586:
2559:
2555:
2545:
2510:
2506:
2496:
2455:
2451:
2445:
2410:
2406:
2396:
2369:
2365:
2355:
2312:
2308:
2298:
2263:
2259:
2205:
2201:
2195:
2160:
2156:
2116:
2112:
2068:
2064:
2018:
2014:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1919:
1878:
1874:
1840:
1836:
1830:
1821:
1812:
1803:
1794:
1729:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1675:
1652:
1651:
1530:
1524:
1518:
1508:
1497:
1495:
1487:
1404:
1401:Interactions
1394:
1389:
1385:
1379:
1366:spindle pole
1335:
1317:
1313:
1289:
1288:
1207:
1189:or chemical
1174:
1172:
1154:chromosome 6
1146:
1134:
1133:
1059:NP_001392458
1055:NP_001392457
1051:NP_001392456
1047:NP_001392455
1043:NP_001392454
1040:
1033:NP_001392453
1029:NP_001392452
1025:NP_001392451
1021:NP_001392450
1017:NP_001010833
999:
976:NM_001010833
973:
952:
928:
909:
883:
856:
808:
789:
769:
764:
689:nuclear body
533:cumulus cell
521:spermatocyte
455:right testis
429:
422:
149:External IDs
72:
3492:PDB gallery
2728:J Cell Biol
2597:J Biol Chem
2407:J Cell Biol
2113:J Biol Chem
2065:J Biol Chem
1683:translation
1681:inhibiting
1611:BRCT domain
1586:TQXF domain
1577:MRN complex
1573:MRN complex
1370:chromosomes
1354:microtubule
1263:MRN complex
1259:MRN complex
1224:recruiting
1222:MRN complex
684:nucleoplasm
475:right ovary
459:left testis
388:36,170,562
375:36,152,407
287:30,717,447
274:30,699,807
127:Identifiers
3432:Cancer Res
3276:Cancer Res
2015:Chromosoma
1789:, May 2017
1768:, May 2017
1744:References
1718:adriamycin
1648:Regulation
1604:PST domain
1568:SDT domain
1549:FHA domain
1538:C-terminus
1513:N-terminus
1322:A549 cells
1302:ATM kinase
1279:DNA damage
1267:ATM kinase
1255:epigenetic
1244:C-terminus
1226:ATM kinase
1199:DNA damage
1191:clastogens
1139:amino acid
1137:is a 2080
725:DNA repair
715:cell cycle
679:chromosome
479:left ovary
433:(ortholog)
170:HomoloGene
2315:: 11212.
1722:cisplatin
1706:A549 cell
1326:genotoxic
1294:apoptotic
1214:chromatin
1002:NP_055456
955:NM_014641
755:Orthologs
537:spermatid
178:GeneCards
3557:Category
3454:15604234
3419:15377652
3384:15302935
3331:15201865
3288:14695167
3267:14578343
3232:24870579
3224:14519663
3189:12611903
3146:12607004
3101:12607003
3064:12551934
3029:12499369
2994:12475977
2924:15279781
2885:16067442
2877:21853275
2842:27389033
2834:20364298
2799:17546051
2777:Oncogene
2758:18504301
2709:25627978
2668:19098900
2619:17827148
2578:16427009
2556:Mol Cell
2537:15201865
2480:12607003
2437:16618811
2388:11741547
2366:Mol Cell
2347:27040163
2290:24870579
2282:14519663
2230:12607004
2187:36999590
2178:10250218
2135:17535811
2087:15377652
2043:20619554
2035:20224865
1968:11100718
1903:12607005
1857:10975465
1785:–
1764:–
1668:microRNA
1657:oncogene
1629:Topo IIΞ±
1407:interact
1342:prophase
1233:histones
1164:Function
1107:Wikidata
734:Sources:
545:yolk sac
3352:Bibcode
3202:FASEB J
3154:4411622
3126:Bibcode
3109:4301037
3081:Bibcode
2959:8724849
2937:DNA Res
2749:2396806
2659:2712943
2488:4301037
2460:Bibcode
2428:2063811
2338:4822031
2317:Bibcode
2260:FASEB J
2238:4411622
2210:Bibcode
1976:4419141
1948:Bibcode
1911:4410773
1883:Bibcode
1787:Ensembl
1766:Ensembl
1625:cyclins
1536:BRCA 1
1346:oocytes
1338:meiosis
1271:protein
1251:histone
1246:of the
1195:kinases
1143:protein
897:UniProt
822:Ensembl
761:Species
740:QuickGO
669:nucleus
408:pattern
266:6p21.33
166:3525201
134:Aliases
3452:
3417:
3382:
3375:514446
3372:
3329:
3322:449779
3319:
3301:EMBO J
3286:
3265:
3230:
3222:
3187:
3152:
3144:
3118:Nature
3107:
3099:
3073:Nature
3062:
3027:
2992:
2957:
2922:
2883:
2875:
2840:
2832:
2797:
2756:
2746:
2707:
2666:
2656:
2617:
2576:
2535:
2528:449779
2525:
2507:EMBO J
2486:
2478:
2452:Nature
2435:
2425:
2386:
2345:
2335:
2288:
2280:
2236:
2228:
2202:Nature
2185:
2175:
2133:
2085:
2041:
2033:
1974:
1966:
1940:Nature
1909:
1901:
1875:Nature
1855:
1672:miR-22
1608:known.
1561:, and
1446:MRE11A
1409:with:
1362:TOPBP1
1360:-MDC1-
1212:, its
1093:search
1091:PubMed
930:Q5PSV9
911:Q14676
810:240087
777:Entrez
579:BioGPS
529:zygote
158:607593
3228:S2CID
3150:S2CID
3105:S2CID
2881:S2CID
2838:S2CID
2484:S2CID
2286:S2CID
2234:S2CID
2039:S2CID
2011:(PDF)
1972:S2CID
1907:S2CID
1726:siRNA
1670:-22 (
1563:RAD51
1478:, and
1470:TOPOΞ±
1458:RAD51
1440:H2AFX
1427:CHEK2
1415:APC/C
1382:siRNA
1358:CIP2A
1141:long
770:Mouse
765:Human
736:Amigo
431:Mouse
424:Human
371:Start
306:Mouse
270:Start
203:Human
174:67092
3540:2etx
3525:2azm
3510:2ado
3450:PMID
3415:PMID
3380:PMID
3327:PMID
3284:PMID
3263:PMID
3220:PMID
3185:PMID
3142:PMID
3097:PMID
3060:PMID
3025:PMID
2990:PMID
2955:PMID
2920:PMID
2873:PMID
2830:PMID
2795:PMID
2754:PMID
2705:PMID
2664:PMID
2615:PMID
2574:PMID
2533:PMID
2476:PMID
2433:PMID
2384:PMID
2343:PMID
2278:PMID
2226:PMID
2183:PMID
2131:PMID
2083:PMID
2031:PMID
1964:PMID
1899:PMID
1853:PMID
1736:and
1730:MDC1
1720:and
1714:HeLa
1710:YES2
1702:MDC1
1698:MDC1
1687:AKT1
1679:mRNA
1676:MDC1
1664:AKT1
1660:AKT1
1653:MDC1
1637:MDM2
1581:NBS1
1559:CHK2
1542:BRCT
1525:TQXF
1498:MDC1
1496:The
1482:MDM2
1464:RNF8
1452:NBS1
1434:H2AX
1395:MDC1
1390:MDC1
1386:MDC1
1318:MDC1
1314:MDC1
1310:MDM2
1306:Chk2
1304:and
1290:MDC1
1248:H2AX
1242:the
1230:H2AX
1175:MDC1
1173:The
1150:gene
1147:MDC1
791:9656
541:hand
414:Bgee
362:Band
323:Chr.
261:Band
220:Chr.
182:MDC1
154:OMIM
141:MDC1
111:3UOT
107:3UNN
103:3UNM
99:3UN0
95:3UMZ
91:3UEO
87:3K05
83:2ETX
79:2AZM
75:2ADO
56:RCSB
53:PDBe
22:MDC1
3440:doi
3405:doi
3401:279
3370:PMC
3360:doi
3348:101
3317:PMC
3309:doi
3253:doi
3249:278
3210:doi
3175:doi
3171:278
3134:doi
3122:421
3089:doi
3077:421
3050:doi
3046:278
3015:doi
3011:278
2980:doi
2976:278
2945:doi
2912:doi
2865:doi
2861:359
2822:doi
2818:342
2785:doi
2744:PMC
2736:doi
2732:181
2695:doi
2654:PMC
2646:doi
2605:doi
2601:282
2564:doi
2523:PMC
2515:doi
2468:doi
2456:421
2423:PMC
2415:doi
2411:173
2374:doi
2333:PMC
2325:doi
2268:doi
2218:doi
2206:421
2173:PMC
2165:doi
2121:doi
2117:282
2073:doi
2069:279
2023:doi
2019:119
1956:doi
1944:408
1891:doi
1879:421
1845:doi
1641:p53
1633:p53
1591:ATM
1555:ATM
1531:PST
1519:SDT
1511:),
1509:FHA
1476:p53
1421:ATM
1368:to
1298:p53
1237:ATM
1218:DSB
1158:p53
384:End
283:End
186:OMA
162:MGI
46:PDB
3559::
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