157:
134:
1108:, which includes 10–15 kDa of N-terminal glycosylation. The N-terminal half of the protein contains six transmembrane helixes, followed by a large cytoplasmic domain with an ATP-binding site, and then a second section with six transmembrane helixes and an ATP-binding domain that shows over 65% of amino acid similarity with the first half of the polypeptide. In 2009, the first structure of a mammalian P-glycoprotein was solved (3G5U). The structure was derived from the mouse MDR3 gene product heterologously expressed in
3230:
360:
367:
163:
1798:(IBD); however, due to its ambivalent effects in intestinal inflammation many questions remain so far unanswered. While decreased efflux activity may promote disease susceptibility and drug toxicity, increased efflux activity may confer resistance to therapeutic drugs in IBD. Mice deficient in MDR1A develop chronic intestinal inflammation spontaneously, which appears to resemble human
1471:(JNK) pathway, all of which were reported to have implications in the regulation of the expression of P-gp. Studies suggested that the MAPK/ERK pathway is involved in the positive regulation of P-gp; the p38 MAPK pathway negatively regulates the expression of the P-gp gene; and the JNK pathway was reported to be involved in both positive regulation and negative regulation of P-gp.
42:
1810:
P-gp efflux activity is capable of lowering intracellular concentrations of otherwise beneficial compounds, such as chemotherapeutics and other medications, to sub-therapeutic levels. Consequently, P-gp overexpression is one of the main mechanisms behind decreased intracellular drug accumulation and
1288:
Increased intestinal expression of P-glycoprotein can reduce the absorption of drugs that are substrates for P-glycoprotein. Thus, there is a reduced bioavailability, and therapeutic plasma concentrations are not attained. On the other hand, supratherapeutic plasma concentrations and drug toxicity
1112:
yeast. The structure of mouse P-gp is similar to structures of the bacterial ABC transporter MsbA (3B5W and 3B5X) that adopt an inward facing conformation that is believed to be important for binding substrate along the inner leaflet of the membrane. Additional structures (3G60 and 3G61) of P-gp
1148:
or from an opening at the cytoplasmic side of the protein. ATP binds at the cytoplasmic side of the protein. Following binding of each, ATP hydrolysis shifts the substrate into a position to be excreted from the cell. Release of the phosphate (from the original ATP molecule) occurs concurrently
1156:. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the MDR/TAP subfamily. Members of the MDR/TAP subfamily are involved in
2509:
Bargou RC, Jürchott K, Wagener C, Bergmann S, Metzner S, Bommert K, et al. (April 1997). "Nuclear localization and increased levels of transcription factor YB-1 in primary human breast cancers are associated with intrinsic MDR1 gene expression".
1164:
compounds with broad substrate specificity. It is responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells and often mediates the development of resistance to anticancer drugs. This protein also functions as a transporter in the
1095:
have been associated with alterations in drug disposition and drug response, including adverse events with various ABCB1 substrates in different ethnic populations, the results have been majorly conflicting, with limited clinical relevance."
3699:
Luurtsema G, Windhorst AD, Mooijer MP, Herscheid A, Lammertsma AA, Franssen EJ (2002). "Fully automated high yield synthesis of (R)- and (S)-[C-11]verapamil for measuring P-glycoprotein function with positron emission tomography".
1116:
Through
Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulations, this sequence was proved to have a direct impact in the transporter's structural stability (in the nucleotide-binding domains) and defining a lower boundary for the internal drug-binding pocket.
1149:
with substrate excretion. ADP is released, and a new molecule of ATP binds to the secondary ATP-binding site. Hydrolysis and release of ADP and a phosphate molecule resets the protein, so that the process can start again.
2092:
Wolking S, Schaeffeler E, Lerche H, Schwab M, Nies AT (July 2015). "Impact of
Genetic Polymorphisms of ABCB1 (MDR1, P-Glycoprotein) on Drug Disposition and Potential Clinical Implications: Update of the Literature".
1090:
variation on P-glycoprotein expression (messenger RNA and protein expression) and/or activity in various tissues (e.g. the liver, gut and heart) appears to be small. Although polymorphisms and haplotypes of
1169:. Mutations in this gene are associated with colchicine resistance and Inflammatory bowel disease 13. Alternative splicing and the use of alternative promoters results in multiple transcript variants.
3285:
Gopisankar MG, Hemachandren M, Surendiran A. ABCB1 266G-T single nucleotide polymorphism influences warfarin dose requirement for warfarin maintenance therapy. Br J Biomed Sci 2019:76;150-152
1819:
P-gp was first characterized in 1976. P-gp was shown to be responsible for conferring multidrug resistance upon mutant cultured cancer cells that had developed resistance to cytotoxic drugs.
5218:
1113:
were also solved revealing the binding site(s) of two different cyclic peptide substrate/inhibitors. The promiscuous binding pocket of P-gp is lined with aromatic amino acid side chains.
4357:
2955:
Zhang H, Li M, Han Y, Hong L, Gong T, Sun L, et al. (September 2010). "Down-regulation of miR-27a might reverse multidrug resistance of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma".
3320:
4175:
3295:
1514:(RKIP); alternatively, miR-27a can also directly bind to the promoter of the P-gp gene, which works in a similar way with the mechanism of action of transcriptional factors.
3496:
Wilk JN, Bilsborough J, Viney JL (2005). "The mdr1a-/- mouse model of spontaneous colitis: a relevant and appropriate animal model to study inflammatory bowel disease".
2643:
Yang JM, Vassil AD, Hait WN (October 2001). "Activation of phospholipase C induces the expression of the multidrug resistance (MDR1) gene through the Raf-MAPK pathway".
170:
1743:
Substrates of P-glycoprotein are susceptible to changes in pharmacokinetics due to drug interactions with P-gp inhibitors or inducers. Some of these substrates include
5208:
4089:
1036:
3838:
Kumar YS, Adukondalu D, Sathish D, Vishnu YV, Ramesh G, Latha AB, et al. (2010). "P-Glycoprotein- and cytochrome P-450-mediated herbal drug interactions".
3178:
6387:
5188:
3994:
3962:
650:
95:
631:
6050:
4374:
4350:
4150:
3727:
Wirths S, Lanzavecchia A (December 2005). "ABCB1 transporter discriminates human resting naive B cells from cycling transitional and memory B cells".
1685:
required to maintain the INR to a target of 2.5. Patients with the GT or TT genotypes of the 2677G>T SNP require around 20% more warfarin daily.
2763:
Bark H, Choi CH (May 2010). "PSC833, cyclosporine analogue, downregulates MDR1 expression by activating JNK/c-Jun/AP-1 and suppressing NF-kappaB".
2447:
5781:
2280:
Ferreira RJ, Ferreira MJ, Dos Santos DJ (June 2012). "Insights on P-Glycoprotein's Efflux
Mechanism Obtained by Molecular Dynamics Simulations".
2026:
5769:
5547:
5833:
5828:
5774:
5554:
4335:
1961:
1464:
3972:
1943:
6392:
5287:
5213:
4343:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
5228:
4018:
156:
4325:
3935:
3358:
van Assema DM, van
Berckel BN (2016). "Blood-Brain Barrier ABC-transporter P-glycoprotein in Alzheimer's Disease: Still a Suspect?".
6281:
1518:
3769:
133:
3541:"Signal transduction pathways and transcriptional mechanisms of ABCB1/Pgp-mediated multiple drug resistance in human cancer cells"
867:
5517:
3615:
Juliano RL, Ling V (November 1976). "A surface glycoprotein modulating drug permeability in
Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants".
2409:
1456:
1153:
974:
specificity. It exists in animals, fungi, and bacteria, and it likely evolved as a defense mechanism against harmful substances.
1826:
in 2009. The first structure of human P-gp was solved in 2018, with the protein in its ATP-bound, outward-facing conformation.
6085:
5579:
5265:
3243:
Ruike Z, Junhua C, Wenxing P (November 2010). "In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the effects of duloxetine on P-gp function".
1930:
1499:
1479:
5724:
5260:
3987:
2808:"The miR-200 family determines the epithelial phenotype of cancer cells by targeting the E-cadherin repressors ZEB1 and ZEB2"
1880:
1926:
3947:
6221:
5693:
5688:
5633:
5367:
4816:
3786:"AABCB1 (MDR1) genetic variants are associated with methadone doses required for effective treatment of heroin dependence"
2596:"Activation of beta-catenin signalling by GSK-3 inhibition increases p-glycoprotein expression in brain endothelial cells"
3179:"Drug Interactions & Labeling – Drug Development and Drug Interactions: Table of Substrates, Inhibitors and Inducers"
5915:
5638:
3580:
Breier A, Gibalova L, Seres M, Barancik M, Sulova Z (January 2013). "New insight into p-glycoprotein as a drug target".
2672:"TFPI-2 downregulates multidrug resistance protein in 5-FU-resistant human hepatocellular carcinoma BEL-7402/5-FU cells"
1839:
1511:
75:
5233:
2159:
2157:
1795:
3098:"Rab4 interacts with the human P-glycoprotein and modulates its surface expression in multidrug resistant K562 cells"
169:
2724:"miR200c attenuates P-gp-mediated MDR and metastasis by targeting JNK2/c-Jun signaling pathway in colorectal cancer"
5945:
4370:
4011:
1561:
66:, ABC20, CD243, CLCS, GP170, MDR1, P-GP, PGY1, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1, P-glycoprotein, P-gp, Pgp
162:
4811:
3980:
3000:"Pim-1 kinase protects P-glycoprotein from degradation and enables its glycosylation and cell surface expression"
1208:
1060:
1013:
5995:
4890:
3929:
1256:
971:
695:
83:
2467:"Wild type p53 stimulates expression from the human multidrug resistance promoter in a p53-negative cell line"
1323:
1166:
1009:
3151:
5959:
2906:"miR-27a regulates cisplatin resistance and metastasis by targeting RKIP in human lung adenocarcinoma cells"
1468:
1432:
1420:
676:
3229:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5282:
4589:
4517:
2053:"Intestinal Drug Interactions Mediated by OATPs: A Systematic Review of Preclinical and Clinical Findings"
1788:
1340:
963:
3395:"Multidrug resistance 1 gene (P-glycoprotein 170): an important determinant in gastrointestinal disease?"
1478:(miRNAs) were identified as new players in regulating the expression of P-gp in both transcriptional and
4646:
4564:
4180:
1823:
1618:
1503:
1452:
1448:
1052:
978:
2317:"Cellular localization of the multidrug-resistance gene product P-glycoprotein in normal human tissues"
2030:
6382:
5883:
5596:
3888:
3663:
2328:
2234:
2177:
1846:
1424:
1303:
1157:
1059:
cells also express large amounts of P-gp, further amplifying that effect and rendering these cancers
1032:
1866:
5910:
5729:
3953:
3941:
2423:
1897:
ABCB1/MDR1 is capable of a higher absorption from the blood vessels and a lower extrusion into the
1440:
1271:
1064:
1048:
824:
820:
816:
3447:"P-glycoprotein multidrug transporter in inflammatory bowel diseases: More questions than answers"
62:
5317:
5051:
3863:
3752:
3521:
3268:
3127:
3037:
2980:
2788:
2701:
2535:
2118:
1799:
1031:(which transports a wide variety of substrates across extra- and intracellular membranes) of the
107:
3296:"Use of Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants (NOAC) in Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation"
1721:
845:
812:
786:
765:
3334:
1662:
1658:
3906:
3855:
3815:
3744:
3681:
3632:
3597:
3562:
3513:
3478:
3424:
3375:
3314:
3260:
3119:
3078:
3029:
2972:
2937:
2886:
2837:
2780:
2745:
2693:
2652:
2625:
2576:
2527:
2488:
2391:
2356:
2297:
2262:
2203:
2110:
2074:
2002:
1869:
might treat various diseases, especially cancers, but none have done well in clinical trials.
1678:
1564:
to the cell membrane, and therefore decreases the functional P-gp level on the cell membrane.
1247:
1133:
359:
55:
1281:
Its ability to transport the above substrates accounts for the many roles of P-gp including:
1125:
P-gp is expressed primarily in certain cell types in the liver, pancreas, kidney, colon, and
6090:
5823:
5744:
5307:
4500:
4426:
4003:
3896:
3847:
3805:
3797:
3736:
3709:
3671:
3624:
3589:
3552:
3505:
3468:
3458:
3414:
3406:
3367:
3252:
3216:
3109:
3068:
3019:
3011:
2964:
2927:
2917:
2876:
2868:
2827:
2819:
2772:
2735:
2683:
2615:
2607:
2566:
2519:
2478:
2383:
2346:
2336:
2289:
2252:
2242:
2193:
2185:
2102:
2064:
1992:
1893:, are usually more able to extrude xenobiotics from the cell. A Homozygous genotype for the
1822:
The structure of mouse P-gp, which has 87% sequence identity to human P-gp, was resolved by
1460:
1295:
1040:
249:
180:
124:
3877:"Molecular structure of human P-glycoprotein in the ATP-bound, outward-facing conformation"
3652:"Molecular structure of human P-glycoprotein in the ATP-bound, outward-facing conformation"
366:
103:
6150:
4686:
4681:
4604:
4014:
4007:
3925:
3302:. Province of British Columbia. Appendix A. 2015. Archived from the original on 2018-12-01
2594:
Lim JC, Kania KD, Wijesuriya H, Chawla S, Sethi JK, Pulaski L, et al. (August 2008).
1905:
are extruded at a lower rate with heterozygous (CT) alleles compared to homozygous ones.
1898:
1346:
1290:
1028:
986:
224:
2137:
1886:(3435T>C or 3435C>T) is important for the differential activity of the P-gp pump.
3892:
3667:
3024:
2999:
2332:
2238:
2181:
5357:
4868:
4671:
3810:
3785:
3473:
3446:
3419:
3394:
2932:
2905:
2881:
2856:
2832:
2807:
2620:
2595:
2315:
Thiebaut F, Tsuruo T, Hamada H, Gottesman MM, Pastan I, Willingham MC (November 1987).
2257:
2222:
2198:
2165:
1981:"The human multidrug resistance (mdr1) gene. cDNA cloning and transcription initiation"
1582:
1444:
1372:
1299:
1261:
3371:
2448:"Drug Development and Drug Interactions: Table of Substrates, Inhibitors and Inducers"
2387:
2351:
2316:
2166:"Structure of P-glycoprotein reveals a molecular basis for poly-specific drug binding"
1997:
1980:
1067:; some foods do as well. Any such substance can sometimes be called a P-gp inhibitor.
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
6376:
5905:
5362:
4453:
3966:
3628:
2611:
2374:
Schinkel AH (April 1999). "P-Glycoprotein, a gatekeeper in the blood-brain barrier".
1850:
1705:
1693:
1689:
1549:
1265:
1181:
1145:
998:
959:
395:
3867:
3756:
3525:
3221:
3204:
3131:
2984:
2792:
2705:
2539:
2122:
6261:
5569:
5559:
5090:
5056:
3272:
3041:
2857:"Negative regulation of miR-145 by C/EBP-β through the Akt pathway in cancer cells"
2555:"NF-kappaB-mediated induction of mdr1b expression by insulin in rat hepatoma cells"
1764:
1610:
1606:
1598:
1538:
1447:
pathways are also involved in transcriptional regulation of P-gp. For example, the
1376:
1364:
1105:
1020:
242:
3057:"The small GTPases Rab5 and RalA regulate intracellular traffic of P-glycoprotein"
2740:
2723:
1427:
and pathways are known to play roles. A variety of transcription factors, such as
87:
3073:
3056:
2164:
Aller SG, Yu J, Ward A, Weng Y, Chittaboina S, Zhuo R, et al. (March 2009).
111:
6271:
5920:
5698:
5673:
5372:
4994:
4920:
4394:
3593:
3055:
Fu D, van Dam EM, Brymora A, Duggin IG, Robinson PJ, Roufogalis BD (July 2007).
2051:
Yu J, Zhou Z, Tay-Sontheimer J, Levy RH, Ragueneau-Majlessi I (September 2017).
1966:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1948:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1902:
1811:
development of multidrug resistance in human multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancers.
1748:
1737:
1697:
1586:
1545:
1522:
1204:
1200:
1071:
1005:
967:
3557:
3540:
2722:
Sui H, Cai GX, Pan SF, Deng WL, Wang YW, Chen ZS, et al. (December 2014).
2321:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2227:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2069:
2052:
1979:
Ueda K, Clark DP, Chen CJ, Roninson IB, Gottesman MM, Pastan I (January 1987).
1517:
The expression of P-gp is also regulated by post-translational events, such as
1039:
subfamily. The normal excretion of xenobiotics back into the gut lumen by P-gp
1001:
where it pumps them into urinary filtrate (in the proximal tubule), and in the
282:
6201:
5925:
5606:
5347:
5223:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4701:
4485:
3509:
2968:
2776:
2106:
1854:
1752:
1744:
1729:
1717:
1701:
1670:
1666:
1654:
1638:
1634:
1626:
1622:
1614:
1602:
1590:
1578:
1557:
1534:
1404:
1360:
1352:
1336:
1332:
1232:
1185:
1177:
1161:
990:
982:
141:
91:
2922:
2571:
2554:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
3901:
3876:
3676:
3651:
3463:
3096:
Ferrándiz-Huertas C, Fernández-Carvajal A, Ferrer-Montiel A (January 2011).
2341:
2247:
2189:
1835:
1776:
1768:
1760:
1733:
1725:
1709:
1674:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1630:
1594:
1530:
1408:
1400:
1396:
1388:
1384:
1368:
1242:
1216:
1212:
1196:
1189:
1130:
1063:. Many drugs inhibit P-gp, typically incidentally rather than as their main
1002:
994:
595:
208:
195:
99:
3910:
3859:
3819:
3748:
3685:
3601:
3566:
3517:
3482:
3428:
3379:
3264:
3123:
3082:
3033:
3015:
2976:
2941:
2890:
2841:
2784:
2749:
2697:
2656:
2629:
2483:
2466:
2395:
2301:
2266:
2207:
2114:
2078:
1486:
down-regulates the expression of P-gp through the JNK signaling pathway or
3851:
3740:
2580:
2531:
2492:
2360:
2223:"Flexibility in the ABC transporter MsbA: Alternating access with a twist"
2006:
907:
902:
6346:
6246:
6060:
6045:
5248:
5243:
5151:
4841:
4303:
3801:
3636:
3410:
2872:
1890:
1772:
1713:
1682:
1506:
of P-gp. Some other miRNAs increase the expression of P-gp. For example,
1475:
1436:
1423:
level, the expression of P-gp has been intensively studied, and numerous
1380:
1237:
1227:
1044:
962:
that pumps many foreign substances out of cells. More formally, it is an
891:
740:
721:
2823:
1681:
are other examples of such agents. ABCB1 is linked to the daily dose of
6296:
6291:
6286:
6186:
6000:
5990:
5817:
5796:
5791:
5759:
5564:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5382:
5075:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4366:
2523:
1756:
1495:
1483:
1428:
1392:
1251:
1172:
P-gp transports various substrates across the cell membrane including:
1126:
707:
662:
3114:
3097:
2293:
41:
6236:
6196:
6181:
6165:
6160:
6140:
6135:
6070:
5878:
5848:
5812:
5803:
5616:
5584:
5448:
5443:
5413:
5392:
5352:
5312:
5178:
5156:
5115:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4821:
4806:
4676:
4666:
4629:
4624:
4542:
4537:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4129:
4068:
4063:
3713:
3256:
2688:
2671:
1894:
1507:
1222:
1056:
875:
617:
17:
6361:
6336:
6256:
6251:
6241:
6231:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6191:
6145:
6130:
6095:
6080:
6075:
6065:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5954:
5950:
5940:
5853:
5754:
5749:
5708:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5628:
5621:
5601:
5589:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5512:
5507:
5500:
5438:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5408:
5387:
5377:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5277:
5272:
5238:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5183:
5171:
5166:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5085:
4977:
4972:
4791:
4775:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4718:
4696:
4691:
4584:
4510:
4505:
4495:
4311:
4307:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4272:
4267:
4251:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4188:
4184:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4145:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
1577:
Some common pharmacological inhibitors of P-glycoprotein include:
1553:
1541:
1482:
levels. Some miRNAs decrease the expression of P-gp. For example,
1319:
1312:
1275:
1311:
The removal of toxic metabolites and xenobiotics from cells into
580:
576:
6356:
6351:
6341:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6276:
6266:
6226:
6155:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6055:
6025:
5930:
5898:
5893:
5873:
5863:
5858:
5843:
5838:
5739:
5734:
5703:
5683:
5678:
5668:
5663:
5542:
5495:
5455:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5080:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5046:
5004:
4999:
4989:
4984:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4863:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4801:
4796:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4713:
4708:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4641:
4636:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4599:
4594:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4473:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4098:
4093:
1526:
1491:
1487:
1439:
are involved in the direct regulation of P-gp by binding to the
79:
4339:
3976:
3771:
Inhibiting Cancer Drug
Resistance Gene May Not Be Best Approach
1195:
Chemotherapeutic agents such as topoisomerase inhibitors (i.e.
375:
5868:
4480:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4448:
4421:
4389:
2465:
Goldsmith ME, Gudas JM, Schneider E, Cowan KH (January 1995).
2142:
Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
2027:"The Human ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter Superfamily"
3152:"Drug Transporters: The Final Frontier for Drug Interactions"
3061:
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research
2020:
2018:
2016:
1455:
were reported to positively regulate the expression of P-gp.
1415:
Regulation of expression and function of P-gp in cancer cells
1548:
of P-gp and thus increases the functional P-gp level on the
3205:"Overview of P-glycoprotein inhibitors: a rational outlook"
1498:
down-regulates the mRNA of P-gp by directly binding to the
2221:
Ward A, Reyes CL, Yu J, Roth CB, Chang G (November 2007).
1688:
Common pharmacological inducers of P-glycoprotein include
2029:. National Library of Medicine (US), NCBI. Archived from
1285:
Regulating the distribution and bioavailability of drugs
1459:(MAPK) signaling includes three pathways: the classical
1144:
Substrate enters P-gp either from an opening within the
232:
2998:
Xie Y, Burcu M, Linn DE, Qiu Y, Baer MR (August 2010).
3702:
Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals
2855:
Sachdeva M, Liu Q, Cao J, Lu Z, Mo YY (August 2012).
977:
P-gp is extensively distributed and expressed in the
349:
2806:
Park SM, Gaur AB, Lengyel E, Peter ME (April 2008).
6174:
5968:
5717:
5401:
5124:
4784:
4382:
4281:
4260:
4244:
4213:
4138:
4077:
4026:
985:(such as toxins or drugs) back into the intestinal
838:
805:
779:
758:
3617:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes
1922:
1920:
1918:
3784:Levran O, O'Hara K, Peles E, et al. (2008).
1556:work in an opposite way: Rab4 down-regulates the
1016:, where it pumps them back into the capillaries.
409:ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activity
179:
3319:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2904:Li J, Wang Y, Song Y, Fu Z, Yu W (August 2014).
1510:up-regulates P-gp expression by suppressing the
1160:. P-gp is an ATP-dependent drug efflux pump for
3440:
3438:
1673:were also developed with this in mind. Lastly,
1289:may result because of decreased P-glycoprotein
2670:Lu F, Hou YQ, Song Y, Yuan ZJ (January 2013).
1927:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000040584
1794:Altered P-gp function has also been linked to
1276:nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
1270:HIV-type 1 antiretroviral therapy agents like
4351:
3988:
3545:The Journal of International Medical Research
1838:can be used for measuring P-gp function with
1121:Species, tissue, and subcellular distribution
556:positive regulation of anion channel activity
8:
3209:Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
1889:Homozygous subjects, identified with the TT
1787:Decreased P-gp expression has been found in
1502:of the gene of P-gp and thus suppresses the
4358:
4344:
4336:
3995:
3981:
3973:
3963:United States National Library of Medicine
2282:Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation
1857:can be used to make this differentiation.
1152:The protein belongs to the superfamily of
944:ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1
591:
449:phosphatidylethanolamine flippase activity
391:
220:
119:
4375:list of human clusters of differentiation
3928:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
3900:
3809:
3675:
3582:Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
3556:
3472:
3462:
3418:
3393:Ho GT, Moodie FM, Satsangi J (May 2003).
3220:
3113:
3072:
3023:
2931:
2921:
2880:
2831:
2739:
2687:
2619:
2570:
2482:
2350:
2340:
2256:
2246:
2197:
2068:
1996:
1525:, and intracellular trafficking of P-gp.
3961:This article incorporates text from the
551:regulation of response to osmotic stress
444:ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity
3183:Center for Drug Evaluation and Research
1914:
1359:It is inhibited by many drugs, such as
1154:ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters
3312:
1318:The transport of compounds out of the
309:crypt of lieberkuhn of small intestine
31:
3840:Drug Metabolism and Drug Interactions
3203:Srivalli KM, Lakshmi PK (July 2012).
3173:
3171:
3145:
3143:
3141:
2717:
2715:
2504:
2502:
1533:and the following degradation in the
526:G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle
454:phosphatidylcholine floppase activity
184:
145:
140:
7:
3150:Horn JR, Hansten P (December 2008).
2765:Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology
1203:), microtubule-targeted drugs (i.e.
3185:. U.S. Food and Drug Administration
2559:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
2471:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1985:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1845:P-gp is also used to differentiate
1027:gene. P-gp is a well-characterized
3539:Sui H, Fan ZZ, Li Q (April 2012).
2057:Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
1665:are other common P-gp inhibitors.
1082:A 2015 review of polymorphisms in
835:
802:
776:
755:
731:
712:
686:
667:
641:
622:
541:xenobiotic transmembrane transport
354:
277:
258:
237:
25:
6388:ATP-binding cassette transporters
3451:World Journal of Gastroenterology
3372:10.2174/1381612822666160804094544
2424:"Desloratadine: Drug information"
1849:from naive B cells. Dyes such as
1519:post-transcriptional modification
1023:that in humans is encoded by the
958:) is an important protein of the
3228:
2612:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05537.x
1457:Mitogen-activated protein kinase
1315:, bile, and the intestinal lumen
1104:P-gp is a 170 kDa transmembrane
561:regulation of chloride transport
365:
358:
168:
161:
155:
132:
40:
3875:Kim Y, Chen J (February 2018).
3650:Kim Y, Chen J (February 2018).
3222:10.1590/S1984-82502012000300002
3102:International Journal of Cancer
2957:Digestive Diseases and Sciences
1873:Single nucleotide polymorphism
1443:regions of the P-gp gene. Many
1070:P-gp was discovered in 1971 by
3729:European Journal of Immunology
2376:Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
1881:Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
1129:. P-gp is also found in brain
952:cluster of differentiation 243
936:multidrug resistance protein 1
475:integral component of membrane
376:More reference expression data
1:
3360:Current Pharmaceutical Design
3335:"Diltiazem: Drug information"
2741:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-14-0167
2728:Molecular Cancer Therapeutics
2388:10.1016/S0169-409X(98)00085-4
1998:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)75806-2
1146:inner leaflet of the membrane
999:proximal tubule of the kidney
153:
3629:10.1016/0005-2736(76)90160-7
3074:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2007.03.023
2553:Zhou G, Kuo MT (June 1997).
2136:Franck Viguié (1998-03-01).
2025:Dean, Michael (2002-11-01).
1840:positron emission tomography
1512:Raf kinase inhibitor protein
1351:Protection of hematopoietic
6393:Clusters of differentiation
4371:clusters of differentiation
4012:membrane transport proteins
3940:human gene location in the
3594:10.2174/1871520611307010159
1865:It has been suggested that
1796:inflammatory bowel diseases
1051:(which are said to be P-gp
6409:
3952:human gene details in the
3558:10.1177/147323001204000204
2070:10.1016/j.xphs.2017.04.004
1853:and MitoTracker dyes from
1562:intracellular compartments
1209:tyrosine kinase inhibitors
1086:found that "the effect of
536:phospholipid translocation
459:ceramide floppase activity
4326:ABC transporter disorders
4321:
2969:10.1007/s10620-009-1051-6
2777:10.1007/s00280-009-1121-7
2600:Journal of Neurochemistry
2107:10.1007/s40262-015-0267-1
2095:Clinical Pharmacokinetics
1962:"Mouse PubMed Reference:"
1944:"Human PubMed Reference:"
1296:Active cellular transport
993:where it pumps them into
924:permeability glycoprotein
906:
901:
897:
890:
874:
857:
842:
809:
798:
783:
762:
751:
738:
734:
719:
715:
706:
693:
689:
674:
670:
661:
648:
644:
629:
625:
616:
601:
594:
590:
574:
394:
390:
373:
357:
348:
340:
289:
280:
265:
261:
231:
223:
219:
202:
189:
152:
131:
122:
118:
73:
70:
60:
53:
48:
39:
34:
3930:Medical Subject Headings
3245:Human Psychopharmacology
2923:10.1186/1476-4598-13-193
2572:10.1074/jbc.272.24.15174
1257:Immunosuppressive agents
3902:10.1126/science.aar7389
3677:10.1126/science.aar7389
3464:10.3748/wjg.v23.i9.1513
2812:Genes & Development
2342:10.1073/pnas.84.21.7735
2248:10.1073/pnas.0709388104
2190:10.1126/science.1168750
1546:endocytotic trafficking
1469:c-Jun N-terminal kinase
531:transmembrane transport
516:stem cell proliferation
27:Protein found in humans
3445:Cario E (March 2017).
3016:10.1124/mol.109.061713
3004:Molecular Pharmacology
2861:Nucleic Acids Research
2645:Molecular Pharmacology
2484:10.1074/jbc.270.4.1894
1619:proton-pump inhibitors
1558:exocytotic trafficking
1552:; while Small GTPases
1341:central nervous system
997:, in the cells of the
546:ceramide translocation
500:apical plasma membrane
3852:10.1515/DMDI.2010.006
3741:10.1002/eji.200535364
1861:MDR1 as a drug target
1824:x-ray crystallography
1783:Diseases (non-cancer)
1568:Clinical significance
1453:Wnt/β-catenin pathway
1425:transcription factors
1055:). In addition, some
979:intestinal epithelium
495:extracellular exosome
3498:Immunologic Research
3411:10.1136/gut.52.5.759
2410:"Entrez Gene: ABCB1"
1847:transitional B cells
1480:post-transcriptional
1304:multidrug resistance
1158:multidrug resistance
1049:pharmaceutical drugs
1014:blood–testis barrier
1008:cells composing the
868:Chr 5: 8.71 – 8.8 Mb
521:xenobiotic transport
419:transporter activity
147:Chromosome 5 (mouse)
3954:UCSC Genome Browser
3942:UCSC Genome Browser
3893:2018Sci...359..915K
3668:2018Sci...359..915K
3510:10.1385/ir:31:2:151
2824:10.1101/gad.1640608
2333:1987PNAS...84.7735T
2239:2007PNAS..10419005W
2182:2009Sci...323.1718A
1789:Alzheimer's disease
1544:down-regulates the
1529:protects P-gp from
1324:blood–brain barrier
1272:protease inhibitors
1167:blood–brain barrier
1065:mechanism of action
1061:multidrug resistant
1041:pharmacokinetically
1010:blood–brain barrier
186:5 A1|5 3.43 cM
3965:, which is in the
3802:10.1093/hmg/ddn122
3300:Ministry of Health
2873:10.1093/nar/gks324
2524:10.1038/nm0497-447
1800:ulcerative colitis
1248:Cardiac glycosides
696:ENSMUSG00000040584
509:Biological process
468:Cellular component
434:hydrolase activity
414:nucleotide binding
402:Molecular function
6370:
6369:
4333:
4332:
4004:Membrane proteins
3887:(6378): 915–919.
3796:(14): 2219–2227.
3708:(14): 1199–1207.
3662:(6378): 915–919.
3366:(38): 5808–5816.
3115:10.1002/ijc.25310
2676:Anatomical Record
2294:10.1021/ct300083m
2176:(5922): 1718–22.
1573:Drug interactions
1345:The migration of
1134:endothelial cells
926:, abbreviated as
917:
916:
913:
912:
886:
885:
853:
852:
832:
831:
794:
793:
773:
772:
747:
746:
728:
727:
702:
701:
683:
682:
657:
656:
638:
637:
586:
585:
386:
385:
382:
381:
344:
343:
336:
335:
325:intestinal villus
274:
273:
215:
214:
112:ABCB1 - orthologs
16:(Redirected from
6400:
4360:
4353:
4346:
4337:
4008:carrier proteins
3997:
3990:
3983:
3974:
3914:
3904:
3871:
3824:
3823:
3813:
3781:
3775:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3724:
3718:
3717:
3714:10.1002/jlcr.632
3696:
3690:
3689:
3679:
3647:
3641:
3640:
3612:
3606:
3605:
3577:
3571:
3570:
3560:
3536:
3530:
3529:
3493:
3487:
3486:
3476:
3466:
3457:(9): 1513–1520.
3442:
3433:
3432:
3422:
3390:
3384:
3383:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3318:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3292:
3286:
3283:
3277:
3276:
3257:10.1002/hup.1152
3251:(7–8): 553–559.
3240:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3226:
3224:
3200:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3175:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3147:
3136:
3135:
3117:
3093:
3087:
3086:
3076:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3027:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2935:
2925:
2910:Molecular Cancer
2901:
2895:
2894:
2884:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2835:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2743:
2719:
2710:
2709:
2691:
2689:10.1002/ar.22611
2667:
2661:
2660:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2623:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2574:
2565:(24): 15174–83.
2550:
2544:
2543:
2506:
2497:
2496:
2486:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2382:(2–3): 179–194.
2371:
2365:
2364:
2354:
2344:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2260:
2250:
2233:(48): 19005–10.
2218:
2212:
2211:
2201:
2161:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2072:
2063:(9): 2312–2325.
2048:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2022:
2011:
2010:
2000:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1940:
1934:
1924:
1465:p38 MAPK pathway
1461:MAPK/ERK pathway
1449:PI3K/Akt pathway
934:) also known as
920:P-glycoprotein 1
899:
898:
870:
863:
848:
836:
827:
803:
799:RefSeq (protein)
789:
777:
768:
756:
732:
713:
687:
668:
642:
623:
592:
392:
378:
369:
362:
355:
329:substantia nigra
285:
283:Top expressed in
278:
259:
238:
221:
211:
198:
187:
172:
165:
159:
148:
136:
120:
114:
65:
58:
44:
32:
21:
6408:
6407:
6403:
6402:
6401:
6399:
6398:
6397:
6373:
6372:
6371:
6366:
6170:
5964:
5713:
5397:
5120:
4780:
4378:
4364:
4334:
4329:
4317:
4277:
4256:
4240:
4209:
4134:
4073:
4022:
4015:ABC transporter
4001:
3922:
3917:
3874:
3837:
3833:
3831:Further reading
3828:
3827:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3768:
3764:
3735:(12): 3433–41.
3726:
3725:
3721:
3698:
3697:
3693:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3614:
3613:
3609:
3579:
3578:
3574:
3538:
3537:
3533:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3444:
3443:
3436:
3392:
3391:
3387:
3357:
3356:
3352:
3343:
3341:
3333:
3332:
3328:
3311:
3305:
3303:
3294:
3293:
3289:
3284:
3280:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3227:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3188:
3186:
3177:
3176:
3169:
3160:
3158:
3149:
3148:
3139:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3054:
3053:
3049:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2867:(14): 6683–92.
2854:
2853:
2849:
2805:
2804:
2800:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2734:(12): 3137–51.
2721:
2720:
2713:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2512:Nature Medicine
2508:
2507:
2500:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2432:
2430:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2163:
2162:
2155:
2146:
2144:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2036:
2034:
2024:
2023:
2014:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1925:
1916:
1911:
1878:
1867:MDR1 inhibitors
1863:
1832:
1817:
1808:
1785:
1722:St. John's wort
1575:
1570:
1421:transcriptional
1417:
1347:dendritic cells
1339:entry into the
1300:antineoplastics
1262:Glucocorticoids
1142:
1123:
1110:Pichia pastoris
1102:
1080:
1029:ABC-transporter
981:where it pumps
908:View/Edit Mouse
903:View/Edit Human
866:
861:
858:Location (UCSC)
844:
823:
819:
815:
811:
785:
764:
677:ENSG00000085563
570:
504:
485:plasma membrane
463:
429:protein binding
424:ATPase activity
374:
364:
363:
332:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
281:
270:
206:
193:
185:
175:
174:
173:
166:
146:
123:Gene location (
74:
61:
54:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6406:
6404:
6396:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6375:
6374:
6368:
6367:
6365:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6178:
6176:
6172:
6171:
6169:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5972:
5970:
5966:
5965:
5963:
5962:
5957:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5902:
5901:
5896:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5815:
5806:
5801:
5800:
5799:
5794:
5784:
5779:
5778:
5777:
5772:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5721:
5719:
5715:
5714:
5712:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5625:
5624:
5619:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5593:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5551:
5550:
5545:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5504:
5503:
5498:
5488:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5458:
5453:
5452:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5405:
5403:
5399:
5398:
5396:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5269:
5268:
5263:
5253:
5252:
5251:
5246:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5175:
5174:
5169:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5128:
5126:
5122:
5121:
5119:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5043:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4981:
4980:
4975:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4924:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4888:
4887:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4866:
4861:
4860:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4788:
4786:
4782:
4781:
4779:
4778:
4773:
4772:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4705:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4633:
4632:
4627:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4546:
4545:
4540:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4514:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4477:
4476:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4445:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4424:
4419:
4418:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4386:
4384:
4380:
4379:
4365:
4363:
4362:
4355:
4348:
4340:
4331:
4330:
4322:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4315:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4285:
4283:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4275:
4270:
4264:
4262:
4258:
4257:
4255:
4254:
4248:
4246:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4217:
4215:
4211:
4210:
4208:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4142:
4140:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4096:
4087:
4081:
4079:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4030:
4028:
4024:
4023:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3992:
3985:
3977:
3958:
3957:
3945:
3933:
3926:P-Glycoprotein
3921:
3920:External links
3918:
3916:
3915:
3872:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3776:
3762:
3719:
3691:
3642:
3607:
3572:
3531:
3488:
3434:
3385:
3350:
3326:
3287:
3278:
3235:
3215:(3): 353–367.
3195:
3167:
3156:Pharmacy Times
3137:
3108:(1): 192–205.
3088:
3067:(7): 1062–72.
3047:
2990:
2963:(9): 2545–51.
2947:
2896:
2847:
2818:(7): 894–907.
2798:
2755:
2711:
2662:
2635:
2606:(4): 1855–65.
2586:
2545:
2498:
2457:
2454:. 26 May 2021.
2439:
2415:
2401:
2366:
2327:(21): 7735–8.
2307:
2288:(6): 1853–64.
2272:
2213:
2153:
2128:
2084:
2043:
2012:
1971:
1953:
1935:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1877:
1871:
1862:
1859:
1831:
1828:
1816:
1813:
1807:
1804:
1784:
1781:
1583:clarithromycin
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1531:ubiquitination
1445:cell signaling
1416:
1413:
1373:clarithromycin
1357:
1356:
1349:
1343:
1331:Prevention of
1329:
1328:Digoxin uptake
1326:
1316:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1306:to these drugs
1293:
1279:
1278:
1268:
1259:
1254:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1193:
1176:Drugs such as
1141:
1138:
1122:
1119:
1101:
1098:
1079:
1076:
915:
914:
911:
910:
905:
895:
894:
888:
887:
884:
883:
881:
879:
872:
871:
864:
859:
855:
854:
851:
850:
840:
839:
833:
830:
829:
807:
806:
800:
796:
795:
792:
791:
781:
780:
774:
771:
770:
760:
759:
753:
749:
748:
745:
744:
736:
735:
729:
726:
725:
717:
716:
710:
704:
703:
700:
699:
691:
690:
684:
681:
680:
672:
671:
665:
659:
658:
655:
654:
646:
645:
639:
636:
635:
627:
626:
620:
614:
613:
608:
603:
599:
598:
588:
587:
584:
583:
572:
571:
569:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
512:
510:
506:
505:
503:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
471:
469:
465:
464:
462:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
405:
403:
399:
398:
388:
387:
384:
383:
380:
379:
371:
370:
352:
346:
345:
342:
341:
338:
337:
334:
333:
331:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
287:
286:
275:
272:
271:
269:
266:
263:
262:
255:
254:
246:
235:
229:
228:
225:RNA expression
217:
216:
213:
212:
204:
200:
199:
191:
188:
183:
177:
176:
167:
160:
154:
150:
149:
144:
138:
137:
129:
128:
116:
115:
72:
68:
67:
59:
51:
50:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6405:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6380:
6378:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6179:
6177:
6173:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5973:
5971:
5967:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5891:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5789:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5767:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5722:
5720:
5716:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5614:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5577:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5540:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5493:
5492:
5489:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5436:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5406:
5404:
5400:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5258:
5257:
5254:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5241:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5164:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5123:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5012:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4970:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4893:
4892:
4889:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4871:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4844:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4789:
4787:
4783:
4777:
4774:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4741:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4684:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4535:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4429:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4391:
4388:
4387:
4385:
4381:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4361:
4356:
4354:
4349:
4347:
4342:
4341:
4338:
4328:
4327:
4320:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4280:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4259:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4243:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4212:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4190:
4186:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4076:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4025:
4020:
4016:
4013:
4009:
4005:
3998:
3993:
3991:
3986:
3984:
3979:
3978:
3975:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3967:public domain
3964:
3955:
3951:
3950:
3946:
3943:
3939:
3938:
3934:
3931:
3927:
3924:
3923:
3919:
3912:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3846:(1–4): 3–16.
3845:
3841:
3836:
3835:
3830:
3821:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3790:Hum Mol Genet
3787:
3780:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3766:
3763:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3723:
3720:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3695:
3692:
3687:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3646:
3643:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3623:(1): 152–62.
3622:
3618:
3611:
3608:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3588:(1): 159–70.
3587:
3583:
3576:
3573:
3568:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3551:(2): 426–35.
3550:
3546:
3542:
3535:
3532:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3492:
3489:
3484:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3430:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3405:(5): 759–66.
3404:
3400:
3396:
3389:
3386:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3354:
3351:
3340:
3336:
3330:
3327:
3322:
3316:
3301:
3297:
3291:
3288:
3282:
3279:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3239:
3236:
3231:
3223:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3199:
3196:
3184:
3180:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3157:
3153:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3092:
3089:
3084:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3051:
3048:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2994:
2991:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2951:
2948:
2943:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2900:
2897:
2892:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2851:
2848:
2843:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2802:
2799:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2771:(6): 1131–6.
2770:
2766:
2759:
2756:
2751:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2718:
2716:
2712:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2666:
2663:
2658:
2654:
2651:(4): 674–80.
2650:
2646:
2639:
2636:
2631:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2590:
2587:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2549:
2546:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2518:(4): 447–50.
2517:
2513:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2494:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2477:(4): 1894–8.
2476:
2472:
2468:
2461:
2458:
2453:
2449:
2443:
2440:
2429:
2425:
2419:
2416:
2411:
2405:
2402:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2370:
2367:
2362:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2311:
2308:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2276:
2273:
2268:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2217:
2214:
2209:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2160:
2158:
2154:
2143:
2139:
2132:
2129:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2101:(7): 709–35.
2100:
2096:
2088:
2085:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2047:
2044:
2033:on 2006-02-12
2032:
2028:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2008:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1975:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1957:
1954:
1949:
1945:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1876:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1851:rhodamine 123
1848:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1820:
1814:
1812:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1790:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1706:phenobarbital
1703:
1699:
1695:
1694:dexamethasone
1691:
1690:carbamazepine
1686:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1572:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1560:of P-gp from
1559:
1555:
1551:
1550:cell membrane
1547:
1543:
1540:
1539:Small GTPases
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1354:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1302:resulting in
1301:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1267:
1266:dexamethasone
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1182:desloratadine
1179:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1147:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
975:
973:
969:
965:
961:
960:cell membrane
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
909:
904:
900:
896:
893:
889:
882:
880:
877:
873:
869:
865:
860:
856:
849:
847:
841:
837:
834:
828:
826:
822:
818:
814:
808:
804:
801:
797:
790:
788:
782:
778:
775:
769:
767:
761:
757:
754:
752:RefSeq (mRNA)
750:
743:
742:
737:
733:
730:
724:
723:
718:
714:
711:
709:
705:
698:
697:
692:
688:
685:
679:
678:
673:
669:
666:
664:
660:
653:
652:
647:
643:
640:
634:
633:
628:
624:
621:
619:
615:
612:
609:
607:
604:
600:
597:
593:
589:
582:
578:
573:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
513:
511:
508:
507:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
472:
470:
467:
466:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
406:
404:
401:
400:
397:
396:Gene ontology
393:
389:
377:
372:
368:
361:
356:
353:
351:
347:
339:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
291:
288:
284:
279:
276:
267:
264:
260:
257:
256:
253:
251:
247:
245:
244:
240:
239:
236:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
210:
205:
201:
197:
192:
182:
178:
171:
164:
158:
151:
143:
139:
135:
130:
126:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
69:
64:
57:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
5935:
5888:
5808:
5786:
5764:
5611:
5574:
5537:
5490:
5460:
5433:
5255:
5161:
5009:
4738:
4490:
4323:
4084:
3960:
3959:
3948:
3936:
3884:
3880:
3843:
3839:
3793:
3789:
3779:
3770:
3765:
3732:
3728:
3722:
3705:
3701:
3694:
3659:
3655:
3645:
3620:
3616:
3610:
3585:
3581:
3575:
3548:
3544:
3534:
3504:(2): 151–9.
3501:
3497:
3491:
3454:
3450:
3402:
3398:
3388:
3363:
3359:
3353:
3342:. Retrieved
3338:
3329:
3304:. Retrieved
3299:
3290:
3281:
3248:
3244:
3238:
3212:
3208:
3198:
3187:. Retrieved
3182:
3159:. Retrieved
3155:
3105:
3101:
3091:
3064:
3060:
3050:
3010:(2): 310–8.
3007:
3003:
2993:
2960:
2956:
2950:
2913:
2909:
2899:
2864:
2860:
2850:
2815:
2811:
2801:
2768:
2764:
2758:
2731:
2727:
2682:(1): 56–63.
2679:
2675:
2665:
2648:
2644:
2638:
2603:
2599:
2589:
2562:
2558:
2548:
2515:
2511:
2474:
2470:
2460:
2451:
2442:
2431:. Retrieved
2427:
2418:
2404:
2379:
2375:
2369:
2324:
2320:
2310:
2285:
2281:
2275:
2230:
2226:
2216:
2173:
2169:
2145:. Retrieved
2141:
2131:
2098:
2094:
2087:
2060:
2056:
2046:
2035:. Retrieved
2031:the original
1991:(2): 505–8.
1988:
1984:
1974:
1965:
1956:
1947:
1938:
1888:
1883:
1879:
1874:
1864:
1844:
1834:Radioactive
1833:
1821:
1818:
1809:
1793:
1786:
1765:fexofenadine
1742:
1687:
1611:lansoprazole
1607:ketoconazole
1599:erythromycin
1576:
1516:
1474:After 2008,
1473:
1418:
1377:cyclosporine
1365:azithromycin
1358:
1355:from toxins.
1280:
1171:
1151:
1143:
1124:
1115:
1109:
1106:glycoprotein
1103:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1081:
1069:
1043:reduces the
1024:
1021:glycoprotein
1018:
976:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
918:
843:
825:NP_001335875
821:NP_001335874
817:NP_001335873
810:
784:
763:
739:
720:
694:
675:
649:
630:
610:
605:
490:cell surface
321:ciliary body
248:
241:
71:External IDs
29:
6383:Human genes
1903:Xenobiotics
1749:ciclosporin
1738:vinblastine
1698:doxorubicin
1587:ciclosporin
1523:degradation
1504:translation
1322:across the
1233:Xenobiotics
1205:vinblastine
1201:doxorubicin
1072:Victor Ling
1006:endothelial
991:liver cells
983:xenobiotics
970:with broad
968:efflux pump
966:-dependent
439:ATP binding
317:gallbladder
301:Paneth cell
49:Identifiers
6377:Categories
4373:(see also
3344:2019-02-01
3306:2018-11-30
3189:2018-11-30
3161:2018-11-30
2433:2019-02-01
2147:2008-03-02
2037:2008-03-02
1933:, May 2017
1909:References
1855:Invitrogen
1753:dabigatran
1745:colchicine
1730:tipranavir
1718:rifampicin
1702:nefazodone
1671:tariquidar
1667:Zosuquidar
1655:duloxetine
1639:sertraline
1635:saquinavir
1627:paroxetine
1623:nifedipine
1617:and other
1615:omeprazole
1603:felodipine
1591:colchicine
1579:amiodarone
1535:proteasome
1467:, and the
1405:tariquidar
1361:amiodarone
1353:stem cells
1337:loperamide
1333:ivermectin
1291:expression
1186:tacrolimus
1178:colchicine
1162:xenobiotic
1053:substrates
1019:P-gp is a
995:bile ducts
293:left colon
252:(ortholog)
207:8,798,575
194:8,710,077
92:HomoloGene
4324:see also
1884:rs1045642
1875:rs1045642
1836:verapamil
1777:sirolimus
1769:indinavir
1761:diltiazem
1734:trazodone
1726:tenofovir
1710:phenytoin
1675:valspodar
1663:CP 100356
1659:Elacridar
1651:verapamil
1647:tamoxifen
1643:quinidine
1631:reserpine
1595:diltiazem
1476:microRNAs
1409:verapamil
1401:ritonavir
1397:reserpine
1389:quinidine
1385:quercetin
1369:captopril
1243:Bilirubin
1217:sunitinib
1213:gefitinib
1197:etoposide
1190:quinidine
1131:capillary
1003:capillary
972:substrate
846:NP_035206
813:NP_000918
787:NM_011076
766:NM_000927
596:Orthologs
566:transport
100:GeneCards
4367:Proteins
4304:Sterolin
3911:29371429
3868:10573193
3860:21417789
3820:18424454
3773:Apr 2020
3757:24412083
3749:16259010
3686:29371429
3602:22931413
3567:22613403
3526:21256040
3518:15778512
3483:28321153
3429:12692067
3380:27494062
3339:UpToDate
3315:cite web
3265:21312289
3132:25335596
3124:20209493
3083:17524504
3034:20460432
3025:11037423
2985:43382510
2977:19960259
2942:25128483
2891:22495929
2842:18381893
2793:31179492
2785:19763573
2750:25205654
2706:12846258
2698:23125179
2657:11562428
2630:18624906
2540:13323149
2428:UpToDate
2396:10837715
2302:26593820
2267:18024585
2208:19325113
2123:35961181
2115:25860377
2079:28414144
1929:–
1891:genotype
1830:Research
1791:brains.
1773:morphine
1714:prazosin
1683:warfarin
1679:reversan
1484:miR-200c
1451:and the
1441:promoter
1381:piperine
1238:Peptides
1228:Steroids
1140:Function
1047:of some
1045:efficacy
892:Wikidata
575:Sources:
480:membrane
6175:301–350
5969:251–300
5921:CD240CE
5718:201–250
5402:151–200
5125:101–150
3889:Bibcode
3881:Science
3811:2599947
3664:Bibcode
3656:Science
3474:5340804
3420:1773632
3273:3516785
3042:6190303
2933:4158130
2916:: 193.
2882:3413133
2833:2279201
2621:4303914
2581:9182539
2532:9095180
2493:7829527
2361:2444983
2329:Bibcode
2258:2141898
2235:Bibcode
2199:2720052
2178:Bibcode
2170:Science
2138:"ABCB1"
2007:3027054
1931:Ensembl
1815:History
1757:digoxin
1508:miR-27a
1496:miR-145
1419:At the
1393:quinine
1252:digoxin
1207:), and
1127:jejunum
1100:Protein
708:UniProt
663:Ensembl
602:Species
581:QuickGO
305:jejunum
227:pattern
56:Aliases
6182:CD300A
6141:CDw293
5926:CD240D
5787:CD213a
5765:CDw210
5730:CD202b
5704:CDw199
5699:CDw198
5353:CD140b
4785:51–100
4019:TC 3A1
3932:(MeSH)
3909:
3866:
3858:
3818:
3808:
3755:
3747:
3684:
3637:990323
3635:
3600:
3565:
3524:
3516:
3481:
3471:
3427:
3417:
3378:
3271:
3263:
3130:
3122:
3081:
3040:
3032:
3022:
2983:
2975:
2940:
2930:
2889:
2879:
2840:
2830:
2791:
2783:
2748:
2704:
2696:
2655:
2628:
2618:
2579:
2538:
2530:
2491:
2394:
2359:
2352:299375
2349:
2300:
2265:
2255:
2206:
2196:
2121:
2113:
2077:
2005:
1895:allele
1806:Cancer
1775:, and
1736:, and
1653:, and
1500:3'-UTR
1463:, the
1435:, and
1407:, and
1223:Lipids
1211:(i.e.
1057:cancer
878:search
876:PubMed
741:P21447
722:P08183
618:Entrez
350:BioGPS
80:171050
6362:CD350
6357:CD349
6352:CD344
6347:CD340
6342:CD339
6337:CD338
6332:CD337
6327:CD336
6322:CD335
6317:CD334
6312:CD333
6307:CD332
6302:CD331
6297:CD329
6292:CD328
6287:CD327
6282:CD326
6277:CD325
6272:CD324
6267:CD322
6262:CD321
6257:CD320
6252:CD318
6247:CD317
6242:CD316
6237:CD315
6232:CD314
6227:CD312
6222:CD309
6217:CD307
6212:CD306
6207:CD305
6202:CD304
6197:CD303
6192:CD302
6187:CD301
6166:CD299
6161:CD298
6156:CD297
6151:CD295
6146:CD294
6136:CD292
6131:CD290
6126:CD289
6121:CD288
6116:CD286
6111:CD284
6106:CD283
6101:CD282
6096:CD281
6091:CD280
6086:CD279
6081:CD278
6076:CD276
6071:CD275
6066:CD274
6061:CD273
6056:CD272
6051:CD271
6046:CD269
6041:CD268
6036:CD267
6031:CD266
6026:CD265
6021:CD264
6016:CD263
6011:CD262
6006:CD261
6001:CD258
5996:CD257
5991:CD256
5986:CD254
5981:CD253
5976:CD252
5960:CD249
5955:CD248
5951:CD247
5946:CD246
5941:CD244
5936:CD243
5931:CD241
5916:CD239
5911:CD238
5906:CD236
5889:CD235
5884:CD234
5879:CD233
5874:CD230
5869:CD229
5864:CD228
5859:CD227
5854:CD226
5849:CD225
5844:CD224
5839:CD223
5834:CD222
5829:CD221
5824:CD220
5809:CD218
5804:CD217
5782:CD212
5760:CD209
5755:CD208
5750:CD207
5745:CD206
5740:CD205
5735:CD204
5725:CD201
5709:CD200
5694:CD197
5689:CD196
5684:CD195
5679:CD194
5674:CD193
5669:CD192
5664:CD191
5659:CD186
5654:CD185
5649:CD184
5644:CD183
5639:CD182
5634:CD181
5629:CD180
5612:CD179
5607:CD178
5602:CD177
5597:CD174
5575:CD172
5570:CD171
5565:CD170
5560:CD169
5555:CD168
5538:CD167
5533:CD166
5528:CD164
5523:CD163
5518:CD162
5513:CD161
5508:CD160
5491:CD159
5461:CD158
5456:CD157
5434:CD156
5429:CD155
5424:CD154
5419:CD153
5414:CD152
5409:CD151
5393:CD150
5388:CD148
5383:CD147
5378:CD146
5373:CD144
5368:CD143
5363:CD142
5358:CD141
5348:CD138
5343:CD137
5338:CD136
5333:CD135
5328:CD134
5323:CD133
5318:CD132
5313:CD131
5308:CD130
5303:CD129
5298:CD127
5293:CD126
5288:CD125
5283:CD124
5278:CD123
5273:CD122
5256:CD121
5239:CD120
5234:CD119
5229:CD118
5224:CD117
5219:CD116
5214:CD115
5209:CD114
5204:CD113
5199:CD112
5194:CD111
5189:CD110
5184:CD109
5179:CD108
5162:CD107
5157:CD106
5152:CD105
5147:CD104
5142:CD103
5137:CD102
5132:CD101
5116:CD100
3949:ABCB1
3937:ABCB1
3864:S2CID
3753:S2CID
3522:S2CID
3269:S2CID
3128:S2CID
3038:S2CID
2981:S2CID
2789:S2CID
2702:S2CID
2536:S2CID
2119:S2CID
1899:lumen
1527:Pim-1
1437:NF-κB
1320:brain
1313:urine
1264:like
1250:like
1093:ABCB1
1088:ABCB1
1084:ABCB1
1025:ABCB1
989:, in
987:lumen
956:CD243
950:) or
948:ABCB1
942:) or
651:18671
611:Mouse
606:Human
577:Amigo
313:ileum
250:Mouse
243:Human
190:Start
125:Mouse
104:ABCB1
96:55496
88:97570
63:ABCB1
35:ABCB1
5111:CD99
5106:CD98
5101:CD97
5096:CD96
5091:CD95
5086:CD94
5081:CD93
5076:CD92
5072:CD91
5067:CD90
5062:CD89
5057:CD88
5052:CD87
5047:CD86
5010:CD85
5005:CD84
5000:CD83
4995:CD82
4990:CD81
4985:CD80
4968:CD79
4963:CD78
4958:CD74
4953:CD73
4948:CD72
4943:CD71
4938:CD70
4933:CD69
4928:CD68
4891:CD66
4869:CD64
4864:CD63
4842:CD62
4837:CD61
4832:CD59
4827:CD58
4822:CD57
4817:CD56
4812:CD55
4807:CD54
4802:CD53
4797:CD52
4792:CD51
4776:CD50
4739:CD49
4734:CD48
4729:CD47
4724:CD46
4719:CD45
4714:CD44
4709:CD43
4682:CD42
4677:CD41
4672:CD40
4667:CD39
4662:CD38
4657:CD37
4652:CD36
4647:CD35
4642:CD34
4637:CD33
4620:CD32
4615:CD31
4610:CD30
4605:CD29
4600:CD28
4595:CD27
4590:CD26
4585:CD25
4580:CD24
4575:CD23
4570:CD22
4565:CD21
4560:CD20
4555:CD19
4550:CD18
4533:CD16
4528:CD15
4523:CD14
4518:CD13
4491:CD11
4486:CD10
4383:1–50
4181:C8-9
4090:B2-3
3907:PMID
3856:PMID
3816:PMID
3745:PMID
3682:PMID
3633:PMID
3598:PMID
3563:PMID
3514:PMID
3479:PMID
3425:PMID
3376:PMID
3321:link
3261:PMID
3120:PMID
3079:PMID
3065:1773
3030:PMID
2973:PMID
2938:PMID
2887:PMID
2838:PMID
2781:PMID
2746:PMID
2694:PMID
2653:PMID
2626:PMID
2577:PMID
2528:PMID
2489:PMID
2392:PMID
2357:PMID
2298:PMID
2263:PMID
2204:PMID
2111:PMID
2075:PMID
2003:PMID
1677:and
1669:and
1661:and
1554:Rab4
1542:Rab5
1492:ZEB2
1490:and
1488:ZEB1
1433:YB-1
1335:and
1274:and
1188:and
1078:Gene
1012:and
940:MDR1
928:P-gp
632:5243
297:iris
233:Bgee
181:Band
142:Chr.
76:OMIM
18:MDR1
4481:CD9
4469:CD8
4464:CD7
4459:CD6
4454:CD5
4449:CD4
4427:CD3
4422:CD2
4395:a-c
4390:CD1
4205:C13
4200:C11
4195:C10
4130:B11
4069:A13
4064:A12
3897:doi
3885:359
3848:doi
3806:PMC
3798:doi
3737:doi
3710:doi
3672:doi
3660:359
3625:doi
3621:455
3590:doi
3553:doi
3506:doi
3469:PMC
3459:doi
3415:PMC
3407:doi
3399:Gut
3368:doi
3253:doi
3217:doi
3110:doi
3106:128
3069:doi
3020:PMC
3012:doi
2965:doi
2928:PMC
2918:doi
2877:PMC
2869:doi
2828:PMC
2820:doi
2773:doi
2736:doi
2684:doi
2680:296
2616:PMC
2608:doi
2604:106
2567:doi
2563:272
2520:doi
2479:doi
2475:270
2452:FDA
2384:doi
2347:PMC
2337:doi
2290:doi
2253:PMC
2243:doi
2231:104
2194:PMC
2186:doi
2174:323
2103:doi
2065:doi
2061:106
1993:doi
1989:262
1901:.
1740:.
1429:p53
1298:of
1037:TAP
1033:MDR
964:ATP
932:Pgp
930:or
862:n/a
268:n/a
203:End
108:OMA
84:MGI
6379::
5953:-
5074:-
4415:1E
4410:1D
4405:1B
4400:1A
4369::
4312:G8
4310:,
4308:G5
4299:G4
4294:G2
4289:G1
4273:F2
4268:F1
4252:E1
4236:D4
4231:D3
4226:D2
4221:D1
4189:C9
4187:,
4185:C8
4176:C7
4171:C6
4166:C5
4161:C4
4156:C3
4151:C2
4146:C1
4125:B9
4120:B7
4115:B6
4110:B5
4105:B4
4099:B3
4094:B2
4085:B1
4059:A8
4054:A7
4049:A4
4044:A3
4039:A2
4034:A1
4010::
4006:,
3905:.
3895:.
3883:.
3879:.
3862:.
3854:.
3844:25
3842:.
3814:.
3804:.
3794:17
3792:.
3788:.
3751:.
3743:.
3733:35
3731:.
3706:45
3704:.
3680:.
3670:.
3658:.
3654:.
3631:.
3619:.
3596:.
3586:13
3584:.
3561:.
3549:40
3547:.
3543:.
3520:.
3512:.
3502:31
3500:.
3477:.
3467:.
3455:23
3453:.
3449:.
3437:^
3423:.
3413:.
3403:52
3401:.
3397:.
3374:.
3364:22
3362:.
3337:.
3317:}}
3313:{{
3298:.
3267:.
3259:.
3249:25
3247:.
3213:48
3211:.
3207:.
3181:.
3170:^
3154:.
3140:^
3126:.
3118:.
3104:.
3100:.
3077:.
3063:.
3059:.
3036:.
3028:.
3018:.
3008:78
3006:.
3002:.
2979:.
2971:.
2961:55
2959:.
2936:.
2926:.
2914:13
2912:.
2908:.
2885:.
2875:.
2865:40
2863:.
2859:.
2836:.
2826:.
2816:22
2814:.
2810:.
2787:.
2779:.
2769:65
2767:.
2744:.
2732:13
2730:.
2726:.
2714:^
2700:.
2692:.
2678:.
2674:.
2649:60
2647:.
2624:.
2614:.
2602:.
2598:.
2575:.
2561:.
2557:.
2534:.
2526:.
2514:.
2501:^
2487:.
2473:.
2469:.
2450:.
2426:.
2390:.
2380:36
2378:.
2355:.
2345:.
2335:.
2325:84
2323:.
2319:.
2296:.
2284:.
2261:.
2251:.
2241:.
2229:.
2225:.
2202:.
2192:.
2184:.
2172:.
2168:.
2156:^
2140:.
2117:.
2109:.
2099:54
2097:.
2073:.
2059:.
2055:.
2015:^
2001:.
1987:.
1983:.
1964:.
1946:.
1917:^
1842:.
1802:.
1779:.
1771:,
1767:,
1763:,
1759:,
1755:,
1751:,
1747:,
1732:,
1728:,
1724:,
1720:,
1716:,
1712:,
1708:,
1704:,
1700:,
1696:,
1692:,
1657:.
1649:,
1645:,
1641:,
1637:,
1633:,
1629:,
1625:,
1621:,
1613:,
1609:,
1605:,
1601:,
1597:,
1593:,
1589:,
1585:,
1581:,
1537:.
1521:,
1494:;
1431:,
1411:.
1403:,
1399:,
1395:,
1391:,
1387:,
1383:,
1379:,
1375:,
1371:,
1367:,
1363:,
1219:).
1215:,
1199:,
1184:,
1180:,
1136:.
1074:.
579:/
209:bp
196:bp
106:;
102::
98:;
94::
90:;
86::
82:;
78::
5899:b
5894:a
5820:)
5818:b
5813:a
5811:(
5797:2
5792:1
5775:b
5770:a
5622:b
5617:a
5590:g
5585:b
5580:a
5548:b
5543:a
5501:c
5496:a
5487:)
5485:k
5480:i
5475:e
5470:d
5465:a
5463:(
5449:c
5444:b
5439:a
5266:b
5261:a
5249:b
5244:a
5172:b
5167:a
5040:k
5035:j
5030:h
5025:e
5020:d
5015:a
4978:b
4973:a
4921:f
4916:e
4911:d
4906:c
4901:b
4896:a
4884:C
4879:B
4874:A
4857:P
4852:L
4847:E
4769:f
4764:e
4759:d
4754:c
4749:b
4744:a
4702:d
4697:c
4692:b
4687:a
4630:B
4625:A
4543:B
4538:A
4511:d
4506:c
4501:b
4496:a
4474:a
4442:ε
4437:δ
4432:γ
4377:)
4359:e
4352:t
4345:v
4314:)
4306:(
4282:G
4261:F
4245:E
4214:D
4191:)
4183:(
4139:C
4101:)
4092:(
4078:B
4027:A
4021:)
4017:(
3996:e
3989:t
3982:v
3969:.
3956:.
3944:.
3913:.
3899::
3891::
3870:.
3850::
3822:.
3800::
3759:.
3739::
3716:.
3712::
3688:.
3674::
3666::
3639:.
3627::
3604:.
3592::
3569:.
3555::
3528:.
3508::
3485:.
3461::
3431:.
3409::
3382:.
3370::
3347:.
3323:)
3309:.
3275:.
3255::
3225:.
3219::
3192:.
3164:.
3134:.
3112::
3085:.
3071::
3044:.
3014::
2987:.
2967::
2944:.
2920::
2893:.
2871::
2844:.
2822::
2795:.
2775::
2752:.
2738::
2708:.
2686::
2659:.
2632:.
2610::
2583:.
2569::
2542:.
2522::
2516:3
2495:.
2481::
2436:.
2412:.
2398:.
2386::
2363:.
2339::
2331::
2304:.
2292::
2286:8
2269:.
2245::
2237::
2210:.
2188::
2180::
2150:.
2125:.
2105::
2081:.
2067::
2040:.
2009:.
1995::
1968:.
1950:.
1192:.
1035:/
954:(
946:(
938:(
922:(
127:)
110::
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
