OS/360 and successors - Knowledge (XXG)

1299:- if a file was modified, the changed version became the new son, the previous son became the father, the previous father became the grandfather and the previous grandfather was deleted. But one could set up GDGs with more than 3 generations, and some applications used GDGs to collect data from large and variable numbers of sources and feed the information to one program - each collecting program created a new generation of the file and the final program read the whole group as a single sequential file (by not specifying a generation in the JCL). 6605: 1750: 6641: 6631: 6621: 6462: 1124:'s control program, and one of two available configurations in the final releases. MVT was intended for the largest machines in the System/360 family. Introduced in 1964, it did not become available until 1967. Early versions had many problems and the simpler MFT continued to be used for many years. Experience indicated that it was not advisable to install MVT on systems with less than 512 KiB of memory 41: 1065:. Experience indicated that it was not advisable to install OS/360 on systems with less than 128 KiB of memory, although limited production use was possible on much smaller machines, such as 48 KiB of memory. IBM dropped the PCP option in the final releases of OS/360, leaving only MFT II and MVT, both of which required more memory. 2314:

Each message issued by a Write To Operator (WTO) or Write To Operator with Reply (WTOR) has associated with it one or more routing codes. The operator can limit a console to displaying only specific routing codes. A typical use for this would be placing a console in a tape library and displaying only

1076:

Multiprogramming with a Fixed number of Tasks (MFT) was intended to serve as a stop-gap until Multiprogramming with a Variable number of Tasks (MVT), the intended target configuration of OS/360, became available in 1967. Early versions of MVT had many problems, so the simpler MFT continued to be used

1040:

Officially, PCP, MFT and MVT are not separate operating systems from OS/360,they are only install-time configuration options—in today's words, three different variants of the OS Nucleus and Scheduler. However, because of quite different behavior and memory requirements, users commonly consider

2187:

command to the selected device, reading 24 bytes from cylinder 0, track 0, record 1, into storage location 0. Bytes 8-23 read and transfer to the bootstrap record cylinder 0, track 0, record 2, which in turn reads and transfers to the IPL Loader. The IPL Loader does initial housekeeping, locates the

1689:

be a VSAM catalog. Catalogs were originally provided in OS/360 in the form of CVOLs; MVS added a separate catalog structure for VSAM; later IBM added a third type of catalog known as an ICF catalog. (IBM removed support for CVOL and VSAM catalogs as of 2000, since they were not Y2K-compliant; hence

1557:

facilities mapped these to different ranges of real memory addresses. Each application's address space consists of 3 areas: operating system (one instance shared by all jobs); an application area which was unique for each application; shared virtual area used for various purposes including inter-job

1423:

is the successor to MFT, and offers similar facilities with several additions, e.g., RES, virtual memory. VSAM (see below) was initially available as an independent component release (ICR) and later integrated into the OS/VS1 base. IBM released fairly minor enhancements of OS/VS1 until 1983, and in

1136:- after a while one could find that, although there was enough spare memory in total to run a program, it was divided into separate chunks none of which was large enough. System/360 lacked memory relocation hardware so memory compaction could not be used to reduce fragmentation. A facility called 2309:

MCS allows one master console and up to 31 secondary consoles. Any of the 32 consoles may have an alternate console to receive its message traffic in the event it fails. MCS allows recording of message traffic on a hardcopy log, which may be either a secondary console or the system log (SYSLOG) on

2287:

routines, and preserve registers 2-14. Others are implemented as directly callable subroutines, with entry addresses in system control blocks and require that Register 13 point to a standard save area; these typically preserve registers 2-13. In either case, register 15 at exit normally contains a

1654:

Key-Sequenced Datasets (KSDS) are a major upgrade from IBM's ISAM: they allow secondary keys with non-unique values and keys formed by concatenating non-contiguous fields in any order; they greatly reduce the performance problems caused by overflow records used to handle insertions and updates in

974:

with Fixed number of Tasks) for the mid-range machines, and MVT (Multiprogramming with Variable number of Tasks) for the top end. MFT and MVT were used until at least 1981, a decade after their successors had been launched. The division between MFT and MVT arose because of storage limitations and

2221:

In addition to batch jobs, OS/360 supports several categories of work that it handles similarly to batch jobs. In all cases the system has to process JCL, allocate a region, allocate devices and initiate the job-step program. For a batch job, the Reader/Interpreter processes JCL from an external

1174:

Model 65 Multiprocessing (M65MP) is a variant of MVT. It runs on a 360/65 in Multisystem mode M65MP traps use of the Set System Mask (SSM) instruction to serialize disabled code between the two CPUs. For the most part an M65MP system has the same behavior and interfaces as any other MVT system.

1261:(DASD) of the data it wanted to access, or the starting point for a search by key. BDAM programming was not easy and most organizations never used it themselves; but it was the fastest way to access data on disks and many software companies used it in their products, especially 2188:

requested nucleus and loads it with relocation; the interrupt handler csect is always at location 0 and the Nucleus Initialization csect is always last, so that it can eventually be discarded. The Nucleus Initialization Program (NIP) initializes various system components.

1151:(TSO) for use with MVT was added as part of release 20.1. TSO became widely used for program development because it provided an editor, the ability to submit batch jobs, be notified of their completion, and view the results without waiting for printed reports, and 2069:

SVS is similar except that the system area is at the top and bottom of virtual storage rather than real storage, the Nucleus is in Virtual=Real (V=R) storage, the private area contains a Local System Queue Area (LSQA) for each region and the LPA is split into:

1573:

MVS introduced a new approach to workload management, allowing users to define performance targets for high-priority batch jobs. This enabled users to give their systems more work than before without affecting the performance of the highest-priority jobs.

1305:, a data communications facility, was primitive and hard to use by today's standards. However, it could communicate with almost any type of terminal, which was a big advantage at a time when there was hardly any standardization of communications protocols. 1655:

ISAM; and they greatly reduce the risk that a software or hardware failure in the middle of an index update might corrupt the index. VSAM provides an ISAM / VSAM Interface which allows ISAM-based applications to use VSAM KSDS without reprogramming.

1634:), which allows one CPU to manage a single job queue feeding work to several physically distinct CPUs, and therefore allows one operator's console to manage the work of all those CPUs. Note: JES1 was the job queue manager for OS/VS1 (see above). 1702:, which was meant to reduce the cost of running large networks of terminals, mainly by using communications lines much more efficiently. This is only available for IBM's virtual memory operating systems, since its mainframe software component, 2250:

OS/360 has a control block known as the Communications Vector Table (CVT), which contains pointers to other control blocks and to various routines. Some of the OS/360 macro-instructions refer to fields in the CVT and other control blocks.

939:

because it found that the "approximately 1.5 million instructions that enable the system to operate with virtually no manual intervention" comprising OS/360 would not fit into the limited memory available on the smaller System/360 models;

1041:

them de facto separate operating systems and refer to them as "early OS/360", "OS/MFT", "OS/MVT", respectively. MFT differs from MVT mainly in the way in which it manages memory: when installing MFT, customers specify in the

1456:, for Single Virtual Storage, when OS/VS2 Release 2, also known as MVS, for Multiple Virtual Storage, was introduced. SVS was intended as a stepping stone from MVT to MVS, and is only of historical interest today. 718: 1650:

Entry-Sequenced Datasets (ESDS) provide facilities similar to those of both sequential and BDAM (direct) datasets, since they can be read either from start to finish or directly by specifying an offset from the

1131:

could be allocated as required by an unlimited number of simultaneous application and systems programs. This scheme was more flexible than MFT's and in principle used memory more efficiently, but was liable to

1552:

The new version's most noticeable feature was that it supported multiple virtual address spaces - different applications thought they were using the same range of virtual addresses, but the new system's

1159:(TCAM). TCAM's name suggests that IBM hoped it would become the standard access method for data communications, but in fact TCAM in OS/VS2 was used almost entirely for TSO and was largely superseded by 923:

IBM originally intended that System/360 should have only one batch-oriented operating system, OS/360, capable of running on machines as small as 32 KiB. It also intended to supply a separate

6635: 867:

that had assembly listing of the basic program material and of subsequent service. IBM continued distributing source code until it imposed an Object Code Only (OCO) policy for licensed software.

2213:

NIP eventually creates a Master Schedule region from the private area and transfers to IEEVIPL to initialize the Master Scheduler and Communication Task, which completes system Initialization.

3489: 3445: 1386:

capability and this could also be retro-fitted to existing System/370 CPUs. Hence IBM also committed to delivering enhanced operating systems which could support the use of virtual memory.

805:

IBM announced three different levels of OS/360, generated from the same tapes and sharing most of their code. IBM eventually renamed these options and made some significant design changes:

1681:

VSAM also provides a new implementation of the catalog facility which enables applications to access files by name, without needing to know which disk drive(s) they are on. VSAM datasets

1378:

was announced in 1970 it offered essentially the same facilities as System/360 but with about 4 times the processor speeds of similarly priced System/360 CPUs. Then in 1972 IBM announced

5733: 711: 3767: 3743: 3736: 3715: 3708: 3687: 3680: 3659: 3652: 3634: 3627: 3620: 3599: 3592: 3571: 1310:

The file naming system allows files to be managed as hierarchies with at most 8 character names at each level, e.g. PROJECT.USER.FILENAME. This is tied to the implementation of the

863:. IBM also offered a set of optional source tapes that the installation could use to modify and assemble modules that IBM normally provided as object code. In addition, IBM offered 1288:), is mainly used for managing program libraries. Although partitioned files need to be compressed to reclaim free space, this has less impact than did a similar requirement for 1099:

MFT Version II (MFT-II) shared much more of the Control Program and Scheduler code with MVT, and was much more flexible to run. The maximum number of partitions increased to 52.

5852: 1566:" (Multiple Virtual Storages), the original OS/VS2 became known as "SVS" (Single Virtual Storage) and IBM itself accepted this terminology and labelled MVS's successors "MVS/ 704: 2077:

This is an area containing all of the modules in SYS1.LPALIB; the page dataset backing it up is retained across IPLs, except when the create LPA (CLPA) option is specified.

4782:; Jaffe, J. F. (1973). "Functional structure of IBM virtual storage operating systems, Part I: Influences of dynamic address translation on operating system technology". 1626:

from workstations located elsewhere. JES2 can only manage jobs for one CPU (which might be a tightly coupled multiprocessor system). In 1976 IBM provided another option,

1449: 420: 6670: 6125: 1780:

For reasons of size, this section concentrates on the MVT option of OS/360; PCP and MFT are very similar; with changes in nomenclature and some minor differences.

1662:) datasets, allowing applications to access a record by specifying a relative record number. Unlike ESDS and KSDS, RRDS does not support variable-length records. 1257:) files, the application program has to specify the relative block number, the relative track and record (TTR) or the actual physical location (MBBCCHHR) in a 2254:

OS/360 has macros to provide dsect mappings of some control blocks, although many macros have hard coded offsets rather than the names in the mapping macros.

1792:, although retaining much of the logic of MVT, has major enhancements better addressed in a separate article. This article adheres to IBM's usage of the term 3788: 1109:

Experience indicated that it was not advisable to install MFT on systems with less than 256 KiB of memory, which in the 1960s was quite a large amount.

5621: 1005:

These three options offered such similar facilities that porting applications between them usually required minimal effort; the same versions of most IBM

5375: 4299: 2191:

Initially NIP must provide services that it needs. However, as it initializes various OS facilities it begins using standard services, e.g., it uses the

918: 188: 4750: 4646: 2089:

This is an area containing page-fixed modules listed in an IEAFIXxx member of SYS1.PARMLIB and replacing modules in the PLPA for the duration of an IPL.

5319: 5101: 4974: 6625: 4992: 6665: 1160: 6098: 5347: 1356: 214: 2058:

This is an area into which MVT loads reentrant access method routines and other programs at IPL time that can subsequently be shared by all jobs.

5761: 5090: 4326: 2376: 5908: 1954:, where xx is normally 01. For Model 65 MP (M65MP), there is a separate copy of the prefix (locations 0-4095) for each processor and the term 1140:

could swap a running job out to secondary storage to make its memory available to another job. The rolled-out job would, however, have to be

6496: 5705: 2083:

This is an area containing modules listed in an IEALPAxx member of SYS1.PARMLIB and replacing modules in the PLPA for the duration of an IPL.

1089: 1062: 1049: 5217: 5073: 5677: 4672: 2315:

messages relevant to the tape librarian on it. The special routing code 7 causes the message text to be included in the job's message log.

2210:

dataset to obtain various operational data. These members may be specified by default, by the operator, or by parameters in other members.

5274: 6118: 5976: 5936: 4392: 1966:, SVC transient area, routines that can be directly called by unprivileged code and routines that can only be called by privileged code. 1619: 1093: 4921: 4715: 2310:

DASD. MCS includes Device Independent Display Operator Console Support (DIDOCS), a unified framework for supporting CRT-based consoles.

970:

IBM released three variants of OS/360: PCP (Primary Control Program), a stop-gap which could run only one job at a time, in 1966; MFT (

6310: 4736: 1685:

be defined in a VSAM catalog before they are used, and non-VSAM datasets can also be listed in a VSAM catalog. The MVS Master Catalog

993:

TSS/360 was so late and unreliable that IBM canceled it, although IBM later supplied three releases of the TSS/370 PRPQ. By this time

6033: 6015: 5481: 5024: 4595: 1839:

and tasks within address spaces. Each address space has an Address Space Control Block (ASCB), a queue of SRBs and a queue of TCBs.

1671: 1191: 5990: 5824: 5403: 4557: 1962:

refers to the address before any prefixing is applied. The Nucleus contains interrupt handlers, control blocks, type 1 and type 2

5649: 4899: 1558:

communication. IBM promised that the application areas would always be at least 8MB. This approach eliminated the risk of memory

1362: 1156: 1213:(Job Control Language, for initiating batch jobs), which was more flexible and easier to use, though more complex, than that of 6645: 6265: 5509: 599: 6465: 6111: 5969: 4955: 1228: 1010: 232: 935:. There are at least two accounts of why IBM eventually decided to produce other, simpler batch-oriented operating systems: 5565: 1292:'s Core Image Library, because MFT and MVT allow multiple partitioned datasets and each project generally has at least one. 4342: 1646:(VSAM) would replace its earlier sequential, indexed and direct access methods as it provided improved versions of these: 1643: 1296: 948: 5983: 5796: 5537: 4881: 2370: 5880: 5854:

IBM System/360 Operating System - Initial Program Loader and Nucleus Initialization Program - Program Number 360S-CI-535

5593: 2257:

OS/360 services typically have parameters in register 1; some use registers 0 and 1 and some use registers 0, 1 and 15.

1699: 1258: 1195: 777: 4596:"DISTRIBUTION OF IBM LICENSED PROGRAMS AND LICENSED PROGRAM MATERIALS AND MODIFIED AGREEMENT FOR IBM LICENSED PROGRAMS" 1921:

may prevent access by unprivileged code to some control blocks or between jobs. Main storage for MVT is divided into a

1120:

Multiprogramming with a Variable number of Tasks (MVT) was the most sophisticated of three available configurations of

6260: 6206: 4842: 2284: 1963: 1918: 1562:

that was present in MVT and SVS, and improved the system's internal security. The new system rapidly became known as "

761: 593: 292: 103: 5910:

IBM System/360 Operating System: MVT Job Management, Program Logic Manual, - Program Number 360S-CI-535 OS Release 21

1277:. It is also available from OS/360 Fortran. BDAM datasets are unblocked, with one logical record per physical record. 852:

Users often coined nicknames, e.g., "Big OS", "OS/MFT", but none of these names had any official recognition by IBM.

1106:, so that the fixed number of tasks was no longer fixed, although the number of partitions did remain a limitation. 6093: 4861: 1667: 1631: 1262: 1254: 898: 6056: 997:

was running well enough for IBM to offer it without warranty as a timesharing facility for a few large customers.

776:

processors. It was one of the earliest operating systems to require the computer hardware to include at least one

4199: 1578: 1559: 1339: 1133: 881:

and can be downloaded freely. As well as being run on actual System/360 hardware, it can be executed on the free

147: 1459:

In 1974 IBM released what it described as OS/VS2 Release 2 but which was really a new operating system that was

1335:

facility for MFT II and MVT (which DOS/360 initially lacked, but was, later, provided by the POWER application).

6489: 6374: 6315: 6270: 6164: 5453: 5442: 4844:

IBM System/360 Operating System Multiprogramming With a Fixed Number of Tasks (MFT) Concepts and Considerations

2200: 963:(Disk Operating System), which became a mainstream operating system and is the ancestor of today's widely used 689: 277: 4754: 4654: 4148: 4124: 1250:) files a specified section of each record is defined as a key which can be used to look up specific records. 1198:(ABI), so application programs can be transferred between MFT and MVT without even needing to be modified or 1155:

for some of the programming languages used on System/360. TSO in OS/360 communicated with terminals by using

6675: 5238: 4978: 4076: 4052: 1480: 1463:

with OS/VS2 Release 1. The Supervisor of the new system had been largely rewritten in a new dialect of BSL,

1274: 932: 6025: 4172: 1479:

needed to control the computer as a whole. Time-sensitive OS components, such as the OS Dispatcher and the

1061:

Primary Control Program (PCP) was intended for machines with small memories. It is similar to MFT with one

6565: 6305: 6216: 6211: 6201: 6154: 6007: 4996: 4463: 2196: 1460: 1395: 1043: 964: 956: 928: 909:. There are OS/360 turnkey CDs that provide pregenerated OS/360 21.8 systems ready to run under Hercules. 860: 395: 373: 367: 332: 324: 271: 265: 220: 4408:

command from an operator console, but the system did not automatically adjust them to match the workload.

4100: 4028: 4004: 3956: 3932: 3908: 3884: 3860: 3836: 3812: 1591:

copy of the operating system and peripheral devices), providing greater processing power and a degree of

975:

scheduling constraints. Initially IBM maintained that MFT and MVT were simply "two configurations of the

6397: 4489: 4467: 4357: 3980: 1836: 1832: 1824:(RBs). A task is either dispatchable or nondispatchable and an RB is either waiting or not waiting. The 1476: 1006: 959:(Tape Operating System, for machines with at least 16K byte memories and only tape drives), and finally 676: 656: 568: 544: 528: 5054: 3544: 3523: 1487:, which had been enhanced for OS/VS in the IFOX00 Assembler (from the older, OS/360 IEUASM Assembler). 1338:

Applications in MFT (Release 19 and later) and MVT could create sub-tasks, which allowed multitasking (

6021: 4935: 4426:

Subject to resource availability, e.g., memory for a region, protection key for an application region.

1595:

if one CPU failed (which, fortunately, became an increasingly rare event, as system up time rose from

1037:, although there were some design changes. Also, the text does not distinguish between M65MP and MVT. 947:

IBM introduced a series of stop-gaps to prevent System/360 hardware sales from collapsing—first

6589: 6576: 6482: 6159: 5882:

IBM System/360 Operating System: Job Management, - Program Logic Manual, - Program Number 360S-CI-505

2111:

This is an area containing control blocks that in OS/360 and SVS had been contained in SYS1.SYSJOBQE.

1809: 1592: 1440:, OS/VS1 and TSS/370 are the only System/370 operating systems that do not have modern descendants. 1210: 683: 663: 60: 2380: 1227:

Sequential data sets are normally read or written one record at a time from beginning to end, using

1088:

The first version of MFT shared much of the code and architecture with PCP, and was limited to four

534: 6040: 5763:

IBM System/360 Operating System: Time Sharing Option - Command Language Reference - OS Release 21.7

4809: 4370: 2231: 1999: 1281: 1148: 2303:

This is a basic level of support allowing only one primary console, one optional alternate console

1053:, areas of memory with fixed boundaries, in which application programs can be run simultaneously. 539: 6531: 6517: 6178: 6174: 5436: 5221: 5077: 4729: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1584: 753: 6026:

Application Debugging: An MVS Abend Handbook for Cobol, Assembly, PL/I, and Fortran Programmers

4680: 2366: 6604: 1127:

MVT treated all memory not used by the operating system as a single pool from which contiguous

6255: 6186: 6029: 6011: 5278: 5151: 5020: 4924:

control program: ... The multiprogramming with a variable number of tasks (MVT) configuration"

1484: 1472: 1199: 983: 906: 882: 757: 562: 556: 550: 497: 449: 226: 65: 2377:"z/OS, z/OS.e, and OS/390 marketing and service announce, availability, and withdrawal dates" 2105:

This is an area from which MVS can dynamically allocate storage shared by all address spaces.

1577:

MVS was IBM's first mainstream operating system on the System/370 to support what IBM called

6583: 6428: 6423: 6325: 6134: 5623:

OS Release 21 - IBM System/360 Operating System - Supervisor Services and Macro Instructions

5511:

IBM OS - Linkage Editor and Loader - Program Numbers 360S-ED-510 - 360S-ED-521 - 360S-LD-547

4791: 4318: 1623: 1351: 1186:

PCP, MFT and MVT provide similar facilities from the point of view of application programs:

971: 742: 739: 443: 283: 158: 5189: 2273:

Generate a parameter list with preset parameters that can be used by an execute form macro.

990:(BSL), derived from PL/I. A large amount of the TSO code in Release 20 was written in BSL. 5136: 4382:

IBM failed to meet this goal, and OS/360 required 44 KiB for even limited production.

2329:

macro. The operator can only reply to a WTOR at a console that received its message text.

855:

IBM provided OS/360 as a set of libraries on tape that the installation had to restore to

6571: 5113: 5001:

DPD = Data Processing Division, which was responsible for IBM's medium and large systems.

2160:, the storage layout is similar to that of MVS/XA, MVS/ESA and OS/390; storage above the 943:

because it realized that the development of OS/360 would take much longer than expected.

6539: 6290: 5013: 4779: 1982:

This an area from which MVT acquires storage for regions. The types of regions include

1554: 1383: 1375: 1137: 784: 669: 140: 136: 126: 5798:

IBM System/360 Operating System - Input/Output Supervisor - Program Number 360S-CI-535

1749: 1166:

Also referred to as SYS=VMS in invocations of some macros that were system-dependent.

979:

control program", although later IBM described them as "separate versions of OS/360".

6659: 6384: 6295: 6146: 5172: 4322: 1221: 878: 797:, are still run as of 2023 and maintain application-level compatibility with OS/360. 163: 2098:

In MVS all address spaces share the system area but not the private area. MVS adds:

1718:(i.e., it cost extra money) which improved MVS performance and added functionality. 783:

Although OS/360 itself was discontinued, successor operating systems, including the

6449: 6418: 6233: 4621: 1785: 1453: 1240: 431: 177: 40: 5455:

IBM System/360 Operating System: Job Control Language Reference - OS Release 21.7

1958:

refers to the address actually sent to memory after any prefixing while the term

6505: 6329: 6275: 6003: 1828:

selects the highest priority dispatchable task whose current RB is not waiting.

955:(Basic Operating System, for the smallest machines with 8K byte memories), then 924: 5265: 4922:

Control Program Configuration "there are two configurations of the [OS/360

2296:

OS/360 requires at least one operator console; there are two levels of support

1452:

plus virtual memory and VSAM (see below). This version was eventually renamed

6342: 4885: 4863:

Planning for Multiprogramming With a Fixed Number of Tasks Version II (MFT II)

1722: 1236: 1078: 864: 750: 630: 413: 202: 48: 5246:. IBM Systems Reference Library (Eighth ed.). September 1968. A22-6821-7 4828: 1092:. It was very cumbersome to run multiple partitions. Many installations used 6369: 5735:

IBM System/360 Operating System: Time Sharing Option Guide - OS Release 21.7

4695: 4369:

IBM eventually provided interactive facilities for OS/360, e.g., CRJE, ITF,

1611: 1112:

Also referred to as SYS=INT in macro expansions that were system-dependent.

1068:

Also referred to as SYS=MIN in macro expansions that were system-dependent.

890: 623: 504: 6103: 2033:'This is a section of storage at the highest physical address. It contains 1972:

This is an area from which the system acquires storage shared between jobs.

1721:

Descendants of MVS are still used on the latest descendants of System/360,

1382:, of which the main item was that future sales of System/370 would include 2969:(Multiple Virtual address Spaces) (MVS) with Job Entry Subsystem 2 (JES2) 2120:

In MVS/XA and later, there are system, private and common areas below the

2048:

The Master Scheduler and the Communication task run in this region, which

1178:

The keyword parameter SYS=VMS included M65MP as well as uniprocessor MVT.

6513: 6413: 6337: 6300: 2341: 2337: 2333: 1433: 1332: 1203: 1152: 987: 773: 769: 765: 304: 298: 4795: 2288:

return code; many services return additional data in registers 0 and 1.

6359: 6285: 6196: 6191: 4338: 1726: 1675: 1437: 1429: 1425: 1289: 1214: 960: 952: 871: 642: 636: 467: 361: 344: 259: 2318:

Each message also has a descriptor that controls how it is processed.

17: 6392: 6243: 6228: 1781: 1730: 1658:

Relative Record Datasets (RRDS) are a replacement for direct access (

1583:, in which 2 (later, up to 12, for IBM mainframes, and up to 16, for 1420: 1266: 1121: 1082: 976: 791: 522: 516: 507: 473: 461: 455: 407: 401: 355: 338: 173: 1587:

mainframes) CPUs shared concurrent access to the same memory (and a

1081:

machines with virtual memory in 1972, IBM developed MFT 2 into

4532:

Except that there is a separate copy of the PSA for each processor.

1144:

to the original memory locations when they again became available.

6354: 6347: 6280: 6081: 5483:

IBM System/360 Operating System: Job Control Language User's Guide

4963:. Fourth Edition. IBM. September 1968. pp. 30–34. A22-6884-3. 1295:

Generation Data Groups (GDGs) were originally designed to support

994: 902: 894: 605: 513: 208: 5826:

OS I/O Supervisor Logic - Release 21 - Program Number 360S-CI-535

4435:

IBM later added the ability to use VTAM for TSO, but only in MVS.

1733:

for System/390, and the 64-bit version for the zSeries was named

1678:- usually ESDS for the actual data storage and KSDS for indexes. 6364: 6248: 2163: 2157: 2143: 2135: 2123: 1734: 1703: 1659: 1627: 1615: 1468: 1464: 1302: 1285: 1270: 1247: 1232: 886: 856: 794: 619: 574: 479: 426: 69: 6478: 6107: 6528: 6474: 6433: 6238: 6138: 5917: 5889: 5861: 5833: 5805: 5770: 5742: 5714: 5686: 5658: 5630: 5602: 5574: 5546: 5518: 5490: 5462: 5412: 5384: 5356: 5328: 4505:

I.e., has one or more nondispatchability flags set in the TCB.

4493: 4345: 2279:

Generate any required parameter list and perform the function.

1992:

for batch jobs submitted by, e.g., card reader, CRJE, RJE, TSO

1789: 1744: 1563: 1489: 787: 746: 649: 437: 53: 2171:

is managed by different services than storage below the bar.

1398:

option for S/370 support, which did not support DAT but did:

1224:) for reading and writing files and for data communications: 870:

The other major operating system for System/360 hardware was

6636:

Category:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill faculty

6039:

Pugh, Emerson W.; Johnson, Lyle R.; Palmer, John H. (1991).

5567:

IBM System/360 Operating System: MVT Guide - OS Release 21.7

5539:

IBM System/360 Operating System: MFT Guide - OS Release 21.7

4774: 4772: 4770: 4768: 4766: 4764: 4679:(April/May 2005). Thomas Communications, Inc. Archived from 2237:, the system generates JCL invoking a cataloged procedure. 1808:

OS/360 assigns processors to tasks, which are analogous to

1528: 1496: 5707:

IBM System/360 Operating System: System Programmer's Guide

5190:"Where's the data? Obtaining informating from the catalog" 4277: 986:. Later on, IBM wrote some OS/360 code in a new language, 5130: 5128: 4265: 4260: 6057:"Building the System/360 Mainframe Nearly Destroyed IBM" 5944:. Program Logic (Eighth ed.). May 1973. GY28-6659-7 4666: 4664: 4496:

is not associated with a specific TCB, despite the name.

2002:

session. Created by the Time Sharing Control (TSC) task.

1950:

This is a section of storage at location 0, loaded from

1618:(Job Entry Subsystem 2), which was descended from HASP ( 5685:. IBM Systems Reference Library (Fourteenth ed.). 4901:

IBM System/360 Operating System MVT Guide OS Release 21

4211: 4182: 2371:

System/370 Market Chronology of Products & Services

2352:), which sets processing options for, e.g., scrolling. 1937:

area in the middle. These contain the following areas.

1917:

In OS/360 all storage is visible to all code, although

1761: 768:

and even more so by the PR155 Operating System for the

6008:

The Mythical Man-Month: Essays on Software Engineering

5993:- GY28-6616-9, Program Logic Manual, R21.7, April 1973 5651:

IBM System/360 Operating System: System Control Blocks

5377:

OS Data Management for System Programmers - Release 21

5349:

OS Data Management Macro Services Guide - Release 21.7

4404:

The operator could manually change them by entering a

3095:

MVS with Job Entry Subsystems 2 and 3 (JES2 and JES3)

3074:

MVS with Job Entry Subsystems 2 and 3 (JES2 and JES3)

3053:

MVS with Job Entry Subsystems 2 and 3 (JES2 and JES3)

3033:

MVS with Job Entry Subsystems 2 and 3 (JES2 and JES3)

1788:

have much the same structure as MFT II and MVT, while

843:

Multiprogramming with a Variable number of Tasks (MVT)

756:, announced in 1964; it was influenced by the earlier 5545:. IBM Systems Reference Library (Eleventh ed.). 5517:. IBM Systems Reference Library (Eleventh ed.). 2018:

Allocated by Started Task Control (STC) for operator

2008:

Allocated by Started Task Control (STC) for operator

1944:

This area starts at absolute location 0 and contains

1235:. This was the only technique that could be used for 5383:. IBM Systems Reference Library (Twelfth ed.). 5321:

OS Data Management Macro Instructions - Release 21.7

2267:

Perform the function using a provided parameter list

1411:

Provide limited support for the new timer facilities

6557: 6527: 6512: 6442: 6406: 6383: 6324: 6173: 6145: 5741:. IBM Systems Reference Library (Eighth ed.). 5629:. IBM Systems Reference Library (Eighth ed.). 5601:. IBM Systems Reference Library (Eighth ed.). 5461:. IBM Systems Reference Library (Fiflth ed.). 5327:. IBM Systems Reference Library (Second ed.). 2326: 2322: 2234: 2227: 2223: 2207: 2192: 2184: 2180: 2042:

This is an area caching selected directory entries.

1951: 1327:Some features were available only for MFT and MVT: 1013:software ran on both. The text below mostly treats 826:

Multiprogramming with a Fixed number of Tasks (MFT)

169: 157: 146: 132: 122: 102: 84: 76: 59: 47: 27:

Operating system for IBM S/360 and later mainframes

5769:. IBM Systems Reference Library (Fifth ed.). 5713:. IBM Systems Reference Library (Ninth ed.). 5657:. IBM Systems Reference Library (Tenth ed.). 5573:. IBM Systems Reference Library (Sixth ed.). 5489:. IBM Systems Reference Library (Third ed.). 5355:. IBM Systems Reference Library (Third ed.). 5012: 4957:IBM System/360 Model 65 Functional Characteristics 2389: 2283:Many of the important services are implemented in 238:7040/7044 Operating System (16/32K) (7040-PR-150) 6045:, Cambridge : MIT Press. (pp. 291–345) 5938:IBM System/360 Operating System - MVT Supervisor 5011:Pugh, E.W.; Johnson, L.R.; Palmer, J.H. (1991). 4850:. First Edition. IBM. October 1966. GC27-6926-0. 4559:IBM Operating System/360 Concepts and Facilities 4444:The dataset should have the unmovable attribute. 1706:is only available with these operating systems. 1483:, notably, among many others, remained coded in 5986:- GY28-6616-1, Program Logic Manual, April 1967 5979:- GY28-6659-7, Program Logic Manual, March 1972 5411:. Systems Reference Library (Fourth ed.). 4869:. First Edition. IBM. October 1967. C27-6939-0. 4578: 4576: 4574: 4572: 3334:(MVS/Enterprise System Architecture) (MVS/ESA) 3312:(MVS/Enterprise System Architecture) (MVS/ESA) 3247:MVS/System Product Version 1 JES3 (MVS/SP 1.3) 3228:MVS/System Product Version 1 JES2 (MVS/SP 1.3) 3209:MVS/System Product Version 1 JES3 (MVS/SP 1.2) 3190:MVS/System Product Version 1 JES2 (MVS/SP 1.2) 3171:MVS/System Product Version 1 JES3 (MVS/SP 1.1) 3152:MVS/System Product Version 1 JES2 (MVS/SP 1.1) 1888:Regions for jobs, MOUNT, started tasks and TSO 1714:In 1977 IBM announced MVS/System Extensions, a 1370:System/370 and virtual memory operating systems 4907:. Fifth Edition. IBM. March 1972. GC28-6720-4. 2260:OS/360 service macros often have three forms: 1630:(Job Entry Subsystem 3), a descendant of ASP ( 6490: 6119: 6018:. (Reprinted with corrections, January 1982) 5043:. First Edition. IBM. July 1972. GC28-6786-0. 4270: 1666:These VSAM formats became the basis of IBM's 1318:(CVOLs), which used records with 8 byte keys. 712: 8: 5062:. First Edition. IBM. May 1974. GC28-6794-0. 4236: 3093:Operating System/Virtual Storage 2 (OS/VS2) 3072:Operating System/Virtual Storage 2 (OS/VS2) 3051:Operating System/Virtual Storage 2 (OS/VS2) 3031:Operating System/Virtual Storage 2 (OS/VS2) 3009:Operating System/Virtual Storage 2 (OS/VS2) 2989:Operating System/Virtual Storage 2 (OS/VS2) 2967:Operating System/Virtual Storage 2 (OS/VS2) 2945:Operating System/Virtual Storage 2 (OS/VS2) 2926:Operating System/Virtual Storage 1 (OS/VS1) 2767:SMF for MFT, MFT Attach, 1285/87/88 support 1424:1984 announced that there would be no more. 33: 1835:, which are analogous to processes, and to 1690:in z/OS, only ICF catalogs are supported.) 1085:, the last system of this particular line. 6524: 6497: 6483: 6475: 6126: 6112: 6104: 4300:History of IBM mainframe operating systems 2387: 2332:A key command for display consoles, e.g., 919:History of IBM mainframe operating systems 719: 705: 189:History of IBM mainframe operating systems 184: 32: 6626:Category:IBM Research computer scientists 2367:IBM 360 Operating Systems Release History 2116:MVS/XA, MVS/ESA and OS/390 storage layout 5302:, p. 3, The Initial Program Loader. 5233: 5231: 4282: 1929:) area at the bottom of real storage, a 1846: 1516:Shared virtual area (controlled by MVS) 1515: 1500:MVS (shared part of all address spaces) 1499: 1297:grandfather-father-son backup procedures 1161:Virtual Telecommunications Access Method 34:IBM System/360 Operating System (OS/360) 5102:Job Entry Subsystem 3 (JES3) Automation 4549: 4479:OS/360 M65MP and TSS/360 supported SMP. 4310: 4232: 4207: 1471:with extensions designed to transcribe 1357:Queued Telecommunications Access Method 187: 6671:Computer-related introductions in 1964 5434: 5240:IBM System/360 Principles of Operation 4995:. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from 4954:"Appendix A. Multiprocessing System". 4653:. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from 3011:MVS with Job Entry Subsystem 3 (JES3) 2991:MVS with Job Entry Subsystem 3 (JES3) 1077:for many years. After introducing new 5281:March 13, 2019. Session Number: 24662 3290:(MVS/Extended Architecture) (MVS/XA) 3268:(MVS/Extended Architecture) (MVS/XA) 2462:OS/360 Multiple Sequential Scheduler 2179:When the operators initially selects 1848:MVT storage layout after IPL and NIP 1408:Provide a S/370 Machine Check Handler 1025:as simply new names for the original 820:Multiple Sequential Schedulers (MSS) 7: 5091:Implementing MVS workload management 4977:. IBM. June 30, 1970. Archived from 3332:MVS/System Product - JES3 Version 3 3310:MVS/System Product - JES2 Version 3 3288:MVS/System Product - JES3 Version 2 3266:MVS/System Product - JES2 Version 2 2321:One of the key operator commands is 1102:Later modifications of MFT-II added 5804:. Program Logic (Second ed.). 4602:. February 8, 1983. LTR ENUS283-016 2325:, which provides a response to the 1710:Later MVS versions and enhancements 1620:Houston Automatic Spooling Priority 1096:(HASP) to mitigate the complexity. 1094:Houston Automatic Spooling Priority 834:Multiple Priority Schedulers (MPS) 6099:MVS... Long History on archive.org 5860:. Program Logic (Sixth ed.). 5832:. Program Logic (Tenth ed.). 4737:Stanford Linear Accelerator Center 4730:"Moving To a Total VM Environment" 4673:"VSE: A Look at the Past 40 Years" 4360:were not available as source code. 4213:Old version, yet still maintained: 4184:Old version, yet still maintained: 1816:in other systems. Each task has a 1610:Initially MVS was supplied with a 809:Single Sequential Scheduler (SSS) 25: 5679:OS System Generation Release 21.8 4917: 4882:"MVS... And Before OS/360 ?" 4711: 4582: 1192:application programming interface 1163:(VTAM) in the mid-to-late 1970s. 6640: 6639: 6630: 6629: 6620: 6619: 6603: 6461: 6460: 5135:Jay Moseley (January 17, 2015). 5041:Guide to PL/S Generated Listings 4514:I.e., has a non-zero wait count. 3133:MVS/System Extensions (MVS/SE2) 2803:Operating System/360<TSO> 2049: 1748: 1494:MVS address spaces - global view 1467:; BSL and PL/S were dialects of 1363:Telecommunications Access Method 1348:Satellite Graphic Job Processing 1157:Telecommunications Access Method 846:Model 65 Multiprocessing (M65MP) 39: 6666:IBM mainframe operating systems 6646:Category:Turing Award laureates 6042:IBM's 360 and Early 370 Systems 5299: 5171:Sawyer, Peter (March 3, 1989). 5015:IBM's 360 and Early 370 Systems 4937:OS System Generation Release 21 4751:"The midseventies SHARE survey" 3114:MVS/System Extensions (MVS/SE) 2947:(Single Virtual Storage) (SVS) 2443:Operating System/360 prerelease 1580:tightly coupled multiprocessing 1243:readers / punches and printers. 982:IBM originally wrote OS/360 in 736:IBM System/360 Operating System 6094:Operating System/360 1965–1972 5972:- GC28-6720-4, R21, March 1972 5429:Technical Newsletter GN28-2512 5188:Pryor, Steve (February 2003). 5074:"3033 Technical press release" 4523:Also known as Link-Pack Queue. 2385:and IBM announcement letters. 2306:Multiple Console Support (MCS) 2080:Modified Link Pack Area (MLPA) 2074:Pageable Link Pack Area (PLPA) 1863:Resident BLDL area (optional) 1741:Structure, interface and logic 1280:An additional file structure, 1: 6076:References in popular culture 5633:. September 1974. GC28-6646-7 5121:(Third ed.). March 2013. 4716:Control Program Configuration 4622:"IBM OS/360 OPERATING SYSTEM" 4266:Old version, still maintained 2132:, and extended areas between 1644:Virtual storage access method 1380:System/370 Advanced Functions 1323:Shared features excluding PCP 815:Primary Control Program (PCP) 254:Miscellaneous S/360 line OSes 197:Early mainframe computer OSes 5836:. February 1972. GY28-6616-9 4993:"DPD chronology (1970–1974)" 3510:MVS/ESA SP - JES3 Version 5 3479:MVS/ESA SP - JES3 Version 5 3459:MVS/ESA SP - JES2 Version 5 3435:MVS/ESA SP - JES2 Version 5 3415:MVS/ESA SP - JES3 Version 4 3395:MVS/ESA SP - JES2 Version 4 3375:MVS/ESA SP - JES2 Version 4 3355:MVS/ESA SP - JES2 Version 4 2445:Single Sequential Scheduler 2086:Fixed Link Pack Area (FLPA). 1837:Service Request Block (SRBs) 1700:Systems Network Architecture 1541: 1536: 1531: 1524: 1510: 1507: 1504: 1492: 1259:Direct-access storage device 1196:application binary interface 1047:(SysGen) a fixed number of 778:direct access storage device 440:(OS/VS2R2 and later) (1974) 5689:. August 1974. GC28-6554-13 5549:. August 1974. GC27-6939-10 4829:"The IBM 360/67 and CP/CMS" 4811:BSL Language Specifications 4261:Old version, not maintained 2206:NIP reads members from the 1668:database management systems 1263:database management systems 762:Input/Output Control System 110:; 52 years ago 6692: 5577:. August 1974. GC28-6720-5 5521:. April 1973. GC28-6538-10 5465:. August 1976. GC28-6704-4 5387:. April 1973. GC28-6550-11 4671:Johnston (April 1, 2005). 4221: 4192: 4165: 4141: 4117: 4093: 4069: 4045: 4021: 3997: 3973: 3949: 3925: 3901: 3877: 3853: 3829: 3805: 3781: 3757: 3729: 3701: 3673: 3645: 3613: 3585: 3561: 3537: 3513: 3482: 3462: 3438: 3418: 3398: 3378: 3358: 3338: 3316: 3294: 3272: 3250: 3231: 3212: 3193: 3174: 3155: 3136: 3117: 3099: 3078: 3057: 3037: 3015: 2995: 2973: 2951: 2929: 2910: 2892: 2875: 2858: 2841: 2824: 2806: 2788: 2770: 2749: 2731: 2713: 2692: 2674: 2654: 2636: 2616: 2596: 2578: 2560: 2542: 2521: 2502: 2484: 2428: 2411: 2365:These data are taken from 1831:MVS assigns processors to 1632:Attached Support Processor 1448:OS/VS2 release 1 was just 916: 241:1410/7010 Operating System 6612: 6601: 6458: 6004:Brooks, Jr., Frederick P. 5920:. March 1972. GY28-6660-9 5864:. March 1972. GY28-6661-5 5808:. April 1967. GY28-6616-1 5773:. April 1973. GC28-6732-4 5745:. April 1973. GC28-6698-7 5661:. April 1973. GC28-6628-9 5605:. April 1973. GC28-6712-7 5218:"3033 Press announcement" 5174:SVC 26 and What It Can Do 4975:"System/370 Announcement" 4337:VMS was unrelated to the 4249: 2671:MFT-II, VTOC positioning 2102:Common Storage Area (CSA) 1900: 1865: 1402:Support control registers 949:Basic Programming Support 38: 6375:Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6316:Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6165:Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5892:. June 1970. GY28-6613-5 5717:. June 1971. GC28-6550-9 5493:. June 1971. GC28-6703-2 5359:. July 1973. GC26-3746-2 5331:. June 1973. GC26-3794-1 4934:IBM Corporation (1973). 4598:. Announcement Letters. 4565:. IBM. 1965. C28-6535-0. 2201:Volume Table of Contents 1969:System Queue Area (SQA). 1898:System Queue Area (SQA) 1881:Master Scheduler Region 885:, which runs under most 764:(IOCS) packages for the 5991:"OS I/O Supervisor PLM" 5984:"OS I/O Supervisor PLM" 5152:"ISAM / VSAM Interface" 4626:Encyclopedia Britannica 4358:Program Temporary Fixes 4317:Just a few years after 4238:Current stable version: 2045:Master Scheduler region 1477:privileged instructions 1394:IBM provided an OS/360 127:IBM mainframe computers 108:21.8 / August 1972 6566:The Mythical Man-Month 6212:DOS/360 and successors 4278:Latest preview version 2217:Job-like units of work 2197:Data Set Control Block 2108:System Work Area (SWA) 2094:MVS/370 Storage layout 1998:Contains a swapped-in 1952:SYS1.NUCLEUS(IEANUCxx) 1933:area at the top and a 1810:light-weight processes 1698:In 1974 IBM announced 1526:One application's view 1345:Graphic Job Processing 988:Basic Systems Language 859:in order to perform a 734:, officially known as 325:DOS/360 and successors 203:GM OS & GM-NAA I/O 90:; 58 years ago 70:Basic Systems Language 6224:OS/360 and successors 4647:"System/360 Model 91" 4490:Service Request Block 4395:could not run in PCP. 2907:Operating System/360 2889:Operating System/360 2872:Operating System/360 2855:Operating System/360 2838:Operating System/360 2821:Operating System/360 2785:Operating System/360 2746:Operating System/360 2728:Operating System/360 2689:Operating System/360 2651:Operating System/360 2593:Operating System/360 2575:Operating System/360 2557:Operating System/360 2518:Operating System/360 2499:Operating System/360 2481:Operating System/360 2425:Operating System/360 2183:, The system sends a 1874:Link Pack Area (LPA) 1820:(TCB) and a stack of 1622:) and also supported 1342:) within the one job. 1284:, and access method ( 1220:The same facilities ( 388:OS/360 and successors 80:OS/360 and successors 6590:The Design of Design 6577:Second-system effect 5977:"MVT Supervisor PLM" 5787:OS/360 logic manuals 5441:: CS1 maint: year ( 4999:on October 23, 2009. 4981:on January 16, 2005. 4696:"The 360 Revolution" 2765:Operating System/360 2708:Operating System/360 2669:Operating System/360 2631:Operating System/360 2611:Operating System/360 2537:Operating System/360 2055:Link Pack Area (LPA) 1729:; it was renamed to 1593:graceful degradation 1542:Shared virtual area 1405:Support enhanced I/O 738:, is a discontinued 684:UNIX System Services 664:UNIX System Services 6010:", Addison-Wesley. 5431:. January 15, 1972. 5415:. 1972. GC28-6534-3 5405:OS/360 Introduction 5267:z/OS Virtual Memory 4796:10.1147/sj.382.0340 4790:(4). IBM: 368–381. 4784:IBM Systems Journal 2152:z/OS storage layout 1849: 1149:Time Sharing Option 933:System/360 Model 67 749:for their then-new 88:March 31, 1966 35: 6558:Writings, concepts 6532:mainframe computer 6028:", Prentice-Hall. 5916:(Tenth ed.). 5888:(Sixth ed.). 5275:SHARE Phoenix 2019 4920:, pp. 50–51, 4817:. IBM. Z28-6642-0. 4657:on March 10, 2005. 4462:Also shipped with 2383:on March 14, 2008. 2065:SVS storage layout 2039:Resident BLDL area 1847: 1818:Task Control Block 1760:. You can help by 1461:upwards-compatible 1444:OS/VS2 SVS and MVS 1253:In direct access ( 1009:, application and 927:operating system, 893:systems including 754:mainframe computer 6653: 6652: 6599: 6598: 6472: 6471: 6135:Operating systems 6022:Binder, Robert V. 5197:Technical Support 4683:on March 4, 2009. 4417:But not to MFT II 4291: 4290: 4287: 3778:OS/390 Version 2 3754:OS/390 Version 2 3726:OS/390 Version 2 3698:OS/390 Version 2 3670:OS/390 Version 2 3642:OS/390 Version 2 3610:OS/390 Version 2 3582:OS/390 Version 1 3558:OS/390 Version 1 3534:OS/390 Version 1 2292:Operator consoles 1988:Allocated by the 1915: 1914: 1778: 1777: 1550: 1549: 1546: 1545: 1520: 1519: 1485:Assembly Language 1473:Assembly language 1044:system generation 984:assembly language 883:Hercules emulator 877:OS/360 is in the 861:system generation 729: 728: 183: 182: 66:Assembly language 16:(Redirected from 6683: 6643: 6642: 6633: 6632: 6623: 6622: 6607: 6584:No Silver Bullet 6525: 6499: 6492: 6485: 6476: 6464: 6463: 6128: 6121: 6114: 6105: 6071: 6069: 6068: 5953: 5951: 5949: 5943: 5929: 5927: 5925: 5915: 5901: 5899: 5897: 5887: 5873: 5871: 5869: 5859: 5845: 5843: 5841: 5831: 5817: 5815: 5813: 5803: 5782: 5780: 5778: 5768: 5754: 5752: 5750: 5740: 5726: 5724: 5722: 5712: 5698: 5696: 5694: 5684: 5670: 5668: 5666: 5656: 5642: 5640: 5638: 5628: 5614: 5612: 5610: 5600: 5586: 5584: 5582: 5572: 5558: 5556: 5554: 5544: 5530: 5528: 5526: 5516: 5502: 5500: 5498: 5488: 5474: 5472: 5470: 5460: 5446: 5440: 5432: 5424: 5422: 5420: 5410: 5396: 5394: 5392: 5382: 5368: 5366: 5364: 5354: 5340: 5338: 5336: 5326: 5303: 5297: 5291: 5290: 5288: 5286: 5272: 5262: 5256: 5255: 5253: 5251: 5245: 5235: 5226: 5225: 5220:. Archived from 5214: 5208: 5207: 5205: 5204: 5194: 5185: 5179: 5178: 5168: 5162: 5161: 5159: 5158: 5147: 5141: 5140: 5132: 5123: 5122: 5120: 5115:VSAM Demystified 5110: 5104: 5099: 5093: 5088: 5082: 5081: 5076:. Archived from 5070: 5064: 5063: 5061: 5056:Guide to PL/S II 5051: 5045: 5044: 5037: 5031: 5030: 5018: 5008: 5002: 5000: 4989: 4983: 4982: 4971: 4965: 4964: 4962: 4951: 4945: 4944: 4942: 4931: 4925: 4915: 4909: 4908: 4906: 4896: 4890: 4889: 4884:. Archived from 4877: 4871: 4870: 4868: 4858: 4852: 4851: 4849: 4839: 4833: 4832: 4825: 4819: 4818: 4816: 4806: 4800: 4799: 4780:Auslander, M. A. 4776: 4759: 4758: 4753:. Archived from 4747: 4741: 4740: 4734: 4725: 4719: 4709: 4703: 4702: 4700: 4691: 4685: 4684: 4668: 4659: 4658: 4643: 4637: 4636: 4634: 4632: 4618: 4612: 4611: 4609: 4607: 4592: 4586: 4580: 4567: 4566: 4564: 4554: 4533: 4530: 4524: 4521: 4515: 4512: 4506: 4503: 4497: 4486: 4480: 4477: 4471: 4460: 4454: 4451: 4445: 4442: 4436: 4433: 4427: 4424: 4418: 4415: 4409: 4402: 4396: 4389: 4383: 4380: 4374: 4367: 4361: 4355: 4349: 4335: 4329: 4319:Atlas Supervisor 4315: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4267: 4262: 4257: 4250: 4239: 4234: 4214: 4209: 4185: 3504: 3502: 2388: 2384: 2379:. Archived from 2328: 2324: 2236: 2229: 2225: 2209: 2195:macro to read a 2194: 2186: 2182: 2167: 2147: 2139: 2127: 1956:absolute address 1953: 1919:fetch protection 1850: 1773: 1770: 1752: 1745: 1624:Remote Job Entry 1529: 1497: 1490: 1475:code, including 1352:Remote Job Entry 1007:Program Products 972:Multiprogramming 743:operating system 740:batch processing 721: 714: 707: 458:Version 1 (1980) 185: 123:Marketing target 118: 116: 111: 98: 96: 91: 43: 36: 30:Operating system 21: 6691: 6690: 6686: 6685: 6684: 6682: 6681: 6680: 6656: 6655: 6654: 6649: 6618: 6608: 6595: 6553: 6519: 6516: 6508: 6503: 6473: 6468: 6454: 6438: 6402: 6379: 6320: 6169: 6141: 6132: 6090: 6078: 6066: 6064: 6055: 6052: 6000: 5965: 5960: 5958:Further reading 5947: 5945: 5941: 5935: 5923: 5921: 5913: 5907: 5895: 5893: 5885: 5879: 5867: 5865: 5857: 5851: 5839: 5837: 5829: 5823: 5811: 5809: 5801: 5795: 5789: 5776: 5774: 5766: 5760: 5748: 5746: 5738: 5732: 5720: 5718: 5710: 5704: 5692: 5690: 5682: 5676: 5664: 5662: 5654: 5648: 5636: 5634: 5626: 5620: 5608: 5606: 5598: 5592: 5580: 5578: 5570: 5564: 5552: 5550: 5542: 5536: 5524: 5522: 5514: 5508: 5496: 5494: 5486: 5480: 5468: 5466: 5458: 5452: 5433: 5427: 5418: 5416: 5408: 5402: 5390: 5388: 5380: 5374: 5362: 5360: 5352: 5346: 5334: 5332: 5324: 5318: 5312: 5307: 5306: 5298: 5294: 5284: 5282: 5270: 5264: 5263: 5259: 5249: 5247: 5243: 5237: 5236: 5229: 5216: 5215: 5211: 5202: 5200: 5192: 5187: 5186: 5182: 5170: 5169: 5165: 5156: 5154: 5149: 5148: 5144: 5137:"VSAM Tutorial" 5134: 5133: 5126: 5118: 5112: 5111: 5107: 5100: 5096: 5089: 5085: 5072: 5071: 5067: 5059: 5053: 5052: 5048: 5039: 5038: 5034: 5027: 5010: 5009: 5005: 4991: 4990: 4986: 4973: 4972: 4968: 4960: 4953: 4952: 4948: 4940: 4933: 4932: 4928: 4916: 4912: 4904: 4898: 4897: 4893: 4879: 4878: 4874: 4866: 4860: 4859: 4855: 4847: 4841: 4840: 4836: 4827: 4826: 4822: 4814: 4808: 4807: 4803: 4778: 4777: 4762: 4749: 4748: 4744: 4732: 4728:T.Y. Johnston. 4727: 4726: 4722: 4710: 4706: 4698: 4693: 4692: 4688: 4670: 4669: 4662: 4645: 4644: 4640: 4630: 4628: 4620: 4619: 4615: 4605: 4603: 4594: 4593: 4589: 4581: 4570: 4562: 4556: 4555: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4527: 4522: 4518: 4513: 4509: 4504: 4500: 4487: 4483: 4478: 4474: 4461: 4457: 4452: 4448: 4443: 4439: 4434: 4430: 4425: 4421: 4416: 4412: 4403: 4399: 4390: 4386: 4381: 4377: 4368: 4364: 4356: 4352: 4341:system for the 4336: 4332: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4296: 4286: 4285: 4280: 4275: 4268: 4263: 4258: 4253: 4245:z/OS Version 3 4237: 4218:z/OS Version 2 4212: 4198: 4189:z/OS Version 2 4183: 4171: 4162:z/OS Version 2 4147: 4138:z/OS Version 2 4123: 4114:z/OS Version 2 4099: 4090:z/OS Version 1 4075: 4066:z/OS Version 1 4051: 4042:z/OS Version 1 4027: 4018:z/OS Version 1 4003: 3994:z/OS Version 1 3979: 3970:z/OS Version 1 3955: 3946:z/OS Version 1 3931: 3922:z/OS Version 1 3907: 3898:z/OS Version 1 3883: 3874:z/OS Version 1 3859: 3850:z/OS Version 1 3835: 3826:z/OS Version 1 3811: 3802:z/OS Version 1 3787: 3766: 3742: 3735: 3714: 3707: 3686: 3679: 3658: 3651: 3633: 3626: 3619: 3598: 3591: 3570: 3543: 3522: 3500: 3498: 3488: 3444: 2766: 2709: 2670: 2632: 2612: 2538: 2444: 2401: 2391:Order No. 2374: 2363: 2358: 2294: 2248: 2243: 2219: 2177: 2161: 2154: 2141: 2133: 2121: 2118: 2096: 2067: 1845: 1806: 1774: 1768: 1765: 1758:needs expansion 1743: 1716:program product 1712: 1696: 1642:IBM hoped that 1640: 1614:manager called 1446: 1418: 1392: 1372: 1325: 1316:Control Volumes 1184: 1182:Shared features 1172: 1118: 1074: 1059: 1003: 1001:OS/360 variants 921: 915: 803: 785:virtual storage 725: 696: 695: 626: 612: 611: 589: 581: 580: 500: 490: 489: 391: 380: 379: 328: 317: 316: 255: 247: 246: 242: 198: 114: 112: 109: 94: 92: 89: 85:Initial release 31: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6689: 6687: 6679: 6678: 6676:1960s software 6673: 6668: 6658: 6657: 6651: 6650: 6616:= discontinued 6613: 6610: 6609: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6596: 6594: 6593: 6586: 6581: 6580: 6579: 6574: 6561: 6559: 6555: 6554: 6552: 6551: 6550: 6549: 6536: 6534: 6522: 6510: 6509: 6504: 6502: 6501: 6494: 6487: 6479: 6470: 6469: 6459: 6456: 6455: 6453: 6452: 6446: 6444: 6440: 6439: 6437: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6410: 6408: 6404: 6403: 6401: 6400: 6395: 6389: 6387: 6381: 6380: 6378: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6351: 6350: 6340: 6334: 6332: 6322: 6321: 6319: 6318: 6313: 6308: 6303: 6298: 6293: 6288: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6258: 6253: 6252: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6221: 6220: 6219: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6183: 6181: 6171: 6170: 6168: 6167: 6162: 6157: 6151: 6149: 6143: 6142: 6133: 6131: 6130: 6123: 6116: 6108: 6102: 6101: 6096: 6089: 6088:External links 6086: 6085: 6084: 6077: 6074: 6073: 6072: 6051: 6048: 6047: 6046: 6037: 6019: 5999: 5996: 5995: 5994: 5987: 5980: 5973: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5955: 5954: 5933: 5930: 5905: 5902: 5877: 5874: 5849: 5846: 5821: 5818: 5793: 5788: 5785: 5784: 5783: 5758: 5755: 5730: 5727: 5702: 5699: 5674: 5671: 5646: 5643: 5618: 5615: 5590: 5587: 5562: 5559: 5534: 5531: 5506: 5503: 5478: 5475: 5450: 5447: 5425: 5400: 5397: 5372: 5369: 5344: 5341: 5316: 5311: 5310:OS/360 manuals 5308: 5305: 5304: 5292: 5257: 5227: 5224:on 2005-04-20. 5209: 5180: 5163: 5142: 5124: 5105: 5094: 5083: 5080:on 2005-04-20. 5065: 5046: 5032: 5025: 5003: 4984: 4966: 4946: 4943:. p. 182. 4926: 4910: 4891: 4888:on 2007-12-20. 4880:Ray Saunders. 4872: 4853: 4834: 4820: 4801: 4760: 4757:on 2008-05-12. 4742: 4720: 4714:, p. 50, 4704: 4686: 4660: 4638: 4613: 4587: 4568: 4548: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4534: 4525: 4516: 4507: 4498: 4481: 4472: 4455: 4446: 4437: 4428: 4419: 4410: 4397: 4384: 4375: 4362: 4350: 4330: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4303: 4302: 4295: 4292: 4289: 4288: 4283:Future release 4281: 4276: 4272:Latest version 4269: 4264: 4259: 4252: 4251: 4247: 4246: 4243: 4235: 4230: 4227: 4224: 4220: 4219: 4216: 4210: 4205: 4202: 4195: 4191: 4190: 4187: 4181: 4178: 4175: 4168: 4164: 4163: 4160: 4157: 4154: 4151: 4144: 4140: 4139: 4136: 4133: 4130: 4127: 4120: 4116: 4115: 4112: 4109: 4106: 4103: 4096: 4092: 4091: 4088: 4085: 4082: 4079: 4072: 4068: 4067: 4064: 4061: 4058: 4055: 4048: 4044: 4043: 4040: 4037: 4034: 4031: 4024: 4020: 4019: 4016: 4013: 4010: 4007: 4000: 3996: 3995: 3992: 3989: 3986: 3983: 3976: 3972: 3971: 3968: 3965: 3962: 3959: 3952: 3948: 3947: 3944: 3941: 3938: 3935: 3928: 3924: 3923: 3920: 3917: 3914: 3911: 3904: 3900: 3899: 3896: 3893: 3890: 3887: 3880: 3876: 3875: 3872: 3869: 3866: 3863: 3856: 3852: 3851: 3848: 3845: 3842: 3839: 3832: 3828: 3827: 3824: 3821: 3818: 3815: 3808: 3804: 3803: 3800: 3797: 3794: 3791: 3784: 3780: 3779: 3776: 3773: 3770: 3763: 3760: 3756: 3755: 3752: 3749: 3746: 3739: 3732: 3728: 3727: 3724: 3721: 3718: 3711: 3704: 3700: 3699: 3696: 3693: 3690: 3683: 3676: 3672: 3671: 3668: 3665: 3662: 3655: 3648: 3644: 3643: 3640: 3637: 3630: 3623: 3616: 3612: 3611: 3608: 3605: 3602: 3595: 3588: 3584: 3583: 3580: 3577: 3574: 3567: 3564: 3560: 3559: 3556: 3553: 3550: 3547: 3540: 3536: 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3040: 3036: 3035: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3021: 3018: 3014: 3013: 3007: 3004: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2994: 2993: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2976: 2972: 2971: 2965: 2962: 2960: 2957: 2954: 2950: 2949: 2943: 2940: 2938: 2935: 2932: 2928: 2927: 2924: 2921: 2919: 2916: 2913: 2909: 2908: 2905: 2902: 2900: 2898: 2895: 2891: 2890: 2887: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2874: 2873: 2870: 2867: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2857: 2856: 2853: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2840: 2839: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2823: 2822: 2819: 2816: 2814: 2812: 2809: 2805: 2804: 2801: 2798: 2796: 2793: 2791: 2787: 2786: 2783: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2773: 2769: 2768: 2763: 2760: 2758: 2755: 2752: 2748: 2747: 2744: 2741: 2739: 2736: 2734: 2730: 2729: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2716: 2712: 2711: 2706: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2695: 2691: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2682: 2679: 2677: 2673: 2672: 2667: 2664: 2662: 2659: 2657: 2653: 2652: 2649: 2646: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2635: 2634: 2629: 2626: 2624: 2621: 2619: 2615: 2614: 2609: 2606: 2604: 2601: 2599: 2595: 2594: 2591: 2588: 2586: 2583: 2581: 2577: 2576: 2573: 2570: 2568: 2565: 2563: 2559: 2558: 2555: 2552: 2550: 2547: 2545: 2541: 2540: 2535: 2532: 2530: 2527: 2524: 2520: 2519: 2516: 2513: 2511: 2508: 2505: 2501: 2500: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2487: 2483: 2482: 2479: 2476: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2464: 2463: 2460: 2458: 2456: 2453: 2450: 2447: 2446: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2426: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2414: 2410: 2409: 2406: 2403: 2398: 2395: 2392: 2362: 2359: 2357: 2354: 2312: 2311: 2307: 2304: 2301: 2293: 2290: 2281: 2280: 2277: 2274: 2271: 2268: 2265: 2247: 2244: 2242: 2239: 2230:commands and 2218: 2215: 2199:(DSCB) from a 2176: 2173: 2153: 2150: 2117: 2114: 2113: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2095: 2092: 2091: 2090: 2087: 2084: 2081: 2078: 2075: 2066: 2063: 2062: 2061: 2060: 2059: 2056: 2053: 2046: 2043: 2040: 2031: 2030: 2026: 2025: 2024: 2023: 2016: 2013: 2006: 2003: 1996: 1993: 1986: 1980: 1976: 1975: 1974: 1973: 1970: 1967: 1948: 1942: 1913: 1912: 1909: 1905: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1895: 1894: 1892: 1889: 1885: 1884: 1882: 1878: 1877: 1875: 1871: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1860: 1859: 1857: 1854: 1844: 1843:Storage layout 1841: 1833:address spaces 1822:Request Blocks 1805: 1804:CPU allocation 1802: 1776: 1775: 1755: 1753: 1742: 1739: 1711: 1708: 1695: 1692: 1664: 1663: 1656: 1652: 1639: 1636: 1603:and, then, to 1555:virtual memory 1548: 1547: 1544: 1543: 1539: 1538: 1534: 1533: 1522: 1521: 1518: 1517: 1513: 1512: 1509: 1506: 1502: 1501: 1445: 1442: 1417: 1414: 1413: 1412: 1409: 1406: 1403: 1391: 1388: 1384:virtual memory 1371: 1368: 1367: 1366: 1360: 1354: 1349: 1346: 1343: 1340:multithreading 1336: 1324: 1321: 1320: 1319: 1314:(SYSCTLG) and 1312:system catalog 1308: 1307: 1306: 1300: 1293: 1278: 1251: 1244: 1222:access methods 1218: 1207: 1183: 1180: 1171: 1168: 1138:Rollout/Rollin 1117: 1114: 1073: 1070: 1058: 1055: 1002: 999: 945: 944: 941: 914: 911: 850: 849: 848: 847: 844: 841: 838: 832: 831: 830: 827: 824: 818: 817: 816: 813: 802: 799: 727: 726: 724: 723: 716: 709: 701: 698: 697: 694: 693: 687: 680: 677:OpenExtensions 673: 667: 660: 653: 646: 640: 634: 627: 618: 617: 614: 613: 610: 609: 603: 597: 590: 587: 586: 583: 582: 579: 578: 572: 566: 560: 554: 548: 542: 537: 535:VM/BSE (BSEPP) 532: 526: 520: 511: 501: 496: 495: 492: 491: 488: 487: 486: 485: 484: 483: 477: 471: 465: 459: 453: 447: 435: 429: 418: 417: 416: 411: 399: 392: 386: 385: 382: 381: 378: 377: 371: 365: 359: 353: 352: 351: 342: 336: 329: 323: 322: 319: 318: 315: 314: 313: 312: 311: 310: 309: 308: 287: 281: 275: 269: 263: 256: 253: 252: 249: 248: 245: 244: 239: 236: 230: 224: 218: 212: 206: 199: 196: 195: 192: 191: 181: 180: 171: 167: 166: 161: 155: 154: 151: 144: 143: 134: 130: 129: 124: 120: 119: 106: 104:Latest release 100: 99: 86: 82: 81: 78: 74: 73: 63: 57: 56: 51: 45: 44: 29: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6688: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6663: 6661: 6648: 6647: 6638: 6637: 6628: 6627: 6617: 6611: 6606: 6592: 6591: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6569: 6568: 6567: 6563: 6562: 6560: 6556: 6547: 6544: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6537: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6515: 6511: 6507: 6500: 6495: 6493: 6488: 6486: 6481: 6480: 6477: 6467: 6457: 6451: 6448: 6447: 6445: 6441: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6411: 6409: 6405: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6390: 6388: 6386: 6385:Point of sale 6382: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6349: 6346: 6345: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6335: 6333: 6331: 6327: 6323: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6226: 6225: 6222: 6218: 6215: 6214: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6184: 6182: 6180: 6176: 6172: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6152: 6150: 6148: 6147:Supercomputer 6144: 6140: 6136: 6129: 6124: 6122: 6117: 6115: 6110: 6109: 6106: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6091: 6087: 6083: 6080: 6079: 6075: 6062: 6061:IEEE Spectrum 6058: 6054: 6053: 6049: 6044: 6043: 6038: 6035: 6034:0-13-039348-7 6031: 6027: 6023: 6020: 6017: 6016:0-201-00650-2 6013: 6009: 6005: 6002: 6001: 5997: 5992: 5988: 5985: 5981: 5978: 5974: 5971: 5967: 5966: 5962: 5957: 5940: 5939: 5934: 5931: 5919: 5912: 5911: 5906: 5903: 5891: 5884: 5883: 5878: 5875: 5863: 5856: 5855: 5850: 5847: 5835: 5828: 5827: 5822: 5819: 5807: 5800: 5799: 5794: 5791: 5790: 5786: 5772: 5765: 5764: 5759: 5756: 5744: 5737: 5736: 5731: 5728: 5716: 5709: 5708: 5703: 5700: 5688: 5681: 5680: 5675: 5672: 5660: 5653: 5652: 5647: 5644: 5632: 5625: 5624: 5619: 5616: 5604: 5597: 5596: 5591: 5588: 5576: 5569: 5568: 5563: 5560: 5548: 5541: 5540: 5535: 5532: 5520: 5513: 5512: 5507: 5504: 5492: 5485: 5484: 5479: 5476: 5464: 5457: 5456: 5451: 5448: 5444: 5438: 5430: 5426: 5414: 5407: 5406: 5401: 5398: 5386: 5379: 5378: 5373: 5370: 5358: 5351: 5350: 5345: 5342: 5330: 5323: 5322: 5317: 5314: 5313: 5309: 5301: 5296: 5293: 5280: 5276: 5269: 5268: 5261: 5258: 5242: 5241: 5234: 5232: 5228: 5223: 5219: 5213: 5210: 5198: 5191: 5184: 5181: 5176: 5175: 5167: 5164: 5153: 5150:Jay Moseley. 5146: 5143: 5138: 5131: 5129: 5125: 5117: 5116: 5109: 5106: 5103: 5098: 5095: 5092: 5087: 5084: 5079: 5075: 5069: 5066: 5058: 5057: 5050: 5047: 5042: 5036: 5033: 5028: 5026:0-262-16123-0 5022: 5019:. MIT Press. 5017: 5016: 5007: 5004: 4998: 4994: 4988: 4985: 4980: 4976: 4970: 4967: 4959: 4958: 4950: 4947: 4939: 4938: 4930: 4927: 4923: 4919: 4914: 4911: 4903: 4902: 4895: 4892: 4887: 4883: 4876: 4873: 4865: 4864: 4857: 4854: 4846: 4845: 4838: 4835: 4830: 4824: 4821: 4813: 4812: 4805: 4802: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4775: 4773: 4771: 4769: 4767: 4765: 4761: 4756: 4752: 4746: 4743: 4738: 4731: 4724: 4721: 4717: 4713: 4708: 4705: 4697: 4694:Chuck Boyer. 4690: 4687: 4682: 4678: 4674: 4667: 4665: 4661: 4656: 4652: 4648: 4642: 4639: 4627: 4623: 4617: 4614: 4601: 4597: 4591: 4588: 4584: 4579: 4577: 4575: 4573: 4569: 4561: 4560: 4553: 4550: 4543: 4538: 4529: 4526: 4520: 4517: 4511: 4508: 4502: 4499: 4495: 4491: 4485: 4482: 4476: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4459: 4456: 4450: 4447: 4441: 4438: 4432: 4429: 4423: 4420: 4414: 4411: 4407: 4401: 4398: 4394: 4388: 4385: 4379: 4376: 4372: 4366: 4363: 4359: 4354: 4351: 4347: 4344: 4340: 4334: 4331: 4328: 4324: 4323:Burroughs MCP 4320: 4314: 4311: 4305: 4301: 4298: 4297: 4293: 4273: 4256: 4248: 4244: 4242: 4231: 4228: 4225: 4222: 4217: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4196: 4193: 4188: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4169: 4166: 4161: 4158: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4145: 4142: 4137: 4134: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4121: 4118: 4113: 4110: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4097: 4094: 4089: 4086: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4073: 4070: 4065: 4062: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4049: 4046: 4041: 4038: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4025: 4022: 4017: 4014: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4001: 3998: 3993: 3990: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3977: 3974: 3969: 3966: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3953: 3950: 3945: 3942: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3929: 3926: 3921: 3918: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3905: 3902: 3897: 3894: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3881: 3878: 3873: 3870: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3857: 3854: 3849: 3846: 3843: 3840: 3838: 3833: 3830: 3825: 3822: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3809: 3806: 3801: 3798: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3785: 3782: 3777: 3774: 3771: 3769: 3764: 3761: 3758: 3753: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3740: 3738: 3733: 3730: 3725: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3712: 3710: 3705: 3702: 3697: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3684: 3682: 3677: 3674: 3669: 3666: 3663: 3661: 3656: 3654: 3649: 3646: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3631: 3629: 3624: 3622: 3617: 3614: 3609: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3596: 3594: 3589: 3586: 3581: 3578: 3575: 3573: 3568: 3565: 3562: 3557: 3554: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3541: 3538: 3533: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3520: 3517: 3514: 3509: 3506: 3496: 3493: 3491: 3486: 3483: 3478: 3475: 3472: 3469: 3466: 3463: 3458: 3455: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3442: 3439: 3434: 3431: 3428: 3425: 3422: 3419: 3414: 3411: 3408: 3405: 3402: 3399: 3394: 3391: 3388: 3385: 3382: 3379: 3374: 3371: 3368: 3365: 3362: 3359: 3354: 3351: 3348: 3345: 3342: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3328: 3326: 3323: 3320: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3298: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3276: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3262: 3260: 3257: 3254: 3251: 3246: 3243: 3241: 3238: 3235: 3232: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3216: 3213: 3208: 3205: 3203: 3200: 3197: 3194: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3170: 3167: 3165: 3162: 3159: 3156: 3151: 3148: 3146: 3143: 3140: 3137: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3121: 3118: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3106: 3103: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3085: 3082: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3047: 3045: 3043: 3041: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3019: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3005: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2977: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2955: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2933: 2930: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2914: 2911: 2906: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2896: 2893: 2888: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2871: 2868: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2859: 2854: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2842: 2837: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2825: 2820: 2817: 2815: 2813: 2810: 2807: 2802: 2799: 2797: 2794: 2792: 2789: 2784: 2781: 2779: 2777: 2774: 2771: 2764: 2761: 2759: 2756: 2753: 2750: 2745: 2742: 2740: 2737: 2735: 2732: 2727: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2717: 2714: 2707: 2704: 2702: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2688: 2685: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2675: 2668: 2665: 2663: 2660: 2658: 2655: 2650: 2647: 2645: 2642: 2640: 2637: 2630: 2627: 2625: 2622: 2620: 2617: 2610: 2607: 2605: 2602: 2600: 2597: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2574: 2571: 2569: 2566: 2564: 2561: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2536: 2533: 2531: 2528: 2525: 2522: 2517: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2503: 2498: 2495: 2493: 2490: 2488: 2485: 2480: 2477: 2475: 2472: 2469: 2466: 2465: 2461: 2459: 2457: 2454: 2451: 2449: 2448: 2442: 2439: 2437: 2434: 2431: 2429: 2424: 2422: 2420: 2418: 2415: 2412: 2407: 2404: 2399: 2396: 2393: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2372: 2368: 2360: 2355: 2353: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2330: 2319: 2316: 2308: 2305: 2302: 2299: 2298: 2297: 2291: 2289: 2286: 2278: 2276:Standard form 2275: 2272: 2269: 2266: 2263: 2262: 2261: 2258: 2255: 2252: 2245: 2240: 2238: 2233: 2216: 2214: 2211: 2204: 2202: 2198: 2189: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2165: 2159: 2151: 2149: 2145: 2137: 2131: 2125: 2115: 2110: 2107: 2104: 2101: 2100: 2099: 2093: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2072: 2071: 2064: 2057: 2054: 2051: 2047: 2044: 2041: 2038: 2037: 2036: 2035: 2034: 2028: 2027: 2021: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2007: 2004: 2001: 1997: 1994: 1991: 1987: 1984: 1983: 1981: 1979:Private area. 1978: 1977: 1971: 1968: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1949: 1946: 1945: 1943: 1940: 1939: 1938: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1910: 1907: 1906: 1903: 1897: 1896: 1893: 1891:Dynamic area 1890: 1887: 1886: 1883: 1880: 1879: 1876: 1873: 1872: 1868: 1862: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1852: 1851: 1842: 1840: 1838: 1834: 1829: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1803: 1801: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1772: 1763: 1759: 1756:This section 1754: 1751: 1747: 1746: 1740: 1738: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1719: 1717: 1709: 1707: 1705: 1701: 1693: 1691: 1688: 1684: 1679: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1648: 1647: 1645: 1637: 1635: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1608: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1581: 1575: 1571: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1560:fragmentation 1556: 1540: 1535: 1530: 1527: 1523: 1514: 1503: 1498: 1495: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1457: 1455: 1451: 1443: 1441: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1422: 1415: 1410: 1407: 1404: 1401: 1400: 1399: 1397: 1389: 1387: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1369: 1364: 1361: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1347: 1344: 1341: 1337: 1334: 1330: 1329: 1328: 1322: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1304: 1301: 1298: 1294: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1249: 1245: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1225: 1223: 1219: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1188: 1187: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1145: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1134:fragmentation 1130: 1125: 1123: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1107: 1105: 1100: 1097: 1095: 1091: 1086: 1084: 1080: 1071: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1056: 1054: 1052: 1051: 1046: 1045: 1038: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1000: 998: 996: 991: 989: 985: 980: 978: 973: 968: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 942: 938: 937: 936: 934: 930: 926: 920: 912: 910: 908: 905:, as well as 904: 900: 896: 892: 888: 884: 880: 879:public domain 875: 873: 868: 866: 862: 858: 853: 845: 842: 839: 836: 835: 833: 828: 825: 822: 821: 819: 814: 811: 810: 808: 807: 806: 800: 798: 796: 793: 789: 786: 781: 779: 775: 771: 767: 766:IBM 7090/7094 763: 759: 755: 752: 748: 745:developed by 744: 741: 737: 733: 722: 717: 715: 710: 708: 703: 702: 700: 699: 691: 688: 685: 681: 678: 674: 671: 668: 665: 661: 658: 654: 651: 647: 644: 641: 638: 635: 632: 629: 628: 625: 621: 616: 615: 607: 604: 601: 598: 595: 592: 591: 585: 584: 576: 573: 570: 567: 564: 561: 558: 555: 552: 549: 546: 543: 541: 538: 536: 533: 530: 527: 524: 521: 518: 515: 512: 509: 506: 503: 502: 499: 494: 493: 481: 478: 475: 472: 469: 466: 463: 460: 457: 454: 451: 448: 445: 442: 441: 439: 436: 433: 430: 428: 425: 424: 422: 419: 415: 412: 409: 406: 405: 403: 400: 397: 394: 393: 389: 384: 383: 375: 372: 369: 366: 363: 360: 357: 354: 350:VSE/AF (1979) 349: 348: 346: 343: 340: 337: 334: 331: 330: 326: 321: 320: 306: 303: 302: 300: 297: 296: 294: 291: 290: 288: 285: 282: 279: 276: 273: 270: 267: 264: 261: 258: 257: 251: 250: 243:(1410-PR-155) 240: 237: 234: 231: 228: 225: 222: 219: 216: 213: 210: 207: 204: 201: 200: 194: 193: 190: 186: 179: 175: 172: 168: 165: 164:Public domain 162: 160: 156: 152: 149: 145: 142: 138: 135: 131: 128: 125: 121: 107: 105: 101: 87: 83: 79: 75: 71: 67: 64: 62: 58: 55: 52: 50: 46: 42: 37: 19: 6644: 6634: 6624: 6615: 6588: 6572:Brooks's law 6564: 6545: 6450:Fedora Linux 6419:Workplace OS 6276:System/88 OS 6223: 6065:. Retrieved 6063:. 2019-04-05 6060: 6041: 5946:. Retrieved 5937: 5922:. Retrieved 5909: 5894:. Retrieved 5881: 5866:. Retrieved 5853: 5838:. Retrieved 5825: 5810:. Retrieved 5797: 5775:. Retrieved 5762: 5747:. Retrieved 5734: 5719:. Retrieved 5706: 5691:. Retrieved 5678: 5663:. Retrieved 5650: 5635:. Retrieved 5622: 5607:. Retrieved 5594: 5579:. Retrieved 5566: 5551:. Retrieved 5538: 5523:. Retrieved 5510: 5495:. Retrieved 5482: 5467:. Retrieved 5454: 5428: 5417:. Retrieved 5404: 5389:. Retrieved 5376: 5361:. Retrieved 5348: 5333:. Retrieved 5320: 5295: 5283:. Retrieved 5266: 5260: 5248:. Retrieved 5239: 5222:the original 5212: 5201:. Retrieved 5196: 5183: 5173: 5166: 5155:. Retrieved 5145: 5114: 5108: 5097: 5086: 5078:the original 5068: 5055: 5049: 5040: 5035: 5014: 5006: 4997:the original 4987: 4979:the original 4969: 4956: 4949: 4936: 4929: 4913: 4900: 4894: 4886:the original 4875: 4862: 4856: 4843: 4837: 4823: 4810: 4804: 4787: 4783: 4755:the original 4745: 4723: 4707: 4689: 4681:the original 4676: 4655:the original 4651:IBM Archives 4650: 4641: 4629:. Retrieved 4625: 4616: 4606:November 18, 4604:. Retrieved 4599: 4590: 4558: 4552: 4528: 4519: 4510: 4501: 4484: 4475: 4458: 4453:But not IDAL 4449: 4440: 4431: 4422: 4413: 4405: 4400: 4387: 4378: 4365: 4353: 4333: 4313: 4271: 4254: 4240: 3333: 3311: 3289: 3267: 3094: 3073: 3052: 3032: 3010: 2990: 2968: 2946: 2710:SMF for MVT 2381:the original 2364: 2349: 2345: 2331: 2320: 2317: 2313: 2295: 2282: 2264:Execute form 2259: 2256: 2253: 2249: 2222:device; for 2220: 2212: 2208:SYS1.PARMLIB 2205: 2190: 2178: 2168: 2155: 2129: 2119: 2097: 2068: 2032: 2019: 2015:Started task 2009: 1989: 1964:SVC routines 1960:real address 1959: 1955: 1947:The Nucleus. 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1916: 1866:Common area 1830: 1825: 1807: 1797: 1796:rather than 1793: 1779: 1766: 1762:adding to it 1757: 1720: 1715: 1713: 1697: 1686: 1682: 1680: 1665: 1641: 1609: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1588: 1579: 1576: 1572: 1567: 1551: 1525: 1493: 1458: 1447: 1419: 1393: 1379: 1373: 1326: 1315: 1311: 1246:In indexed ( 1200:re-assembled 1185: 1177: 1173: 1165: 1147:In 1971 the 1146: 1141: 1128: 1126: 1119: 1111: 1108: 1103: 1101: 1098: 1087: 1075: 1067: 1060: 1048: 1042: 1039: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1004: 992: 981: 969: 946: 922: 876: 869: 854: 851: 804: 782: 735: 731: 730: 540:VM/SE (SEPP) 434:(SVS) (1972) 387: 358:(1983, 1985) 289:RACS (1965) 178:OS/VS2 (SVS) 170:Succeeded by 6506:Fred Brooks 6330:workstation 5970:"MVT Guide" 4229:2023-09-29 4226:2023-02-28 4204:2021-09-30 4180:2024-09-30 4177:2019-09-30 4156:2022-09-30 4153:2017-09-27 4129:2015-09-30 4105:2013-09-30 4081:2011-09-30 4057:2010-09-24 4033:2009-09-25 4009:2008-09-26 3988:2010-09-30 3985:2007-09-28 3964:2009-09-30 3961:2006-09-29 3940:2008-09-30 3937:2005-09-30 3916:2007-09-30 3913:2004-09-24 3892:2007-03-31 3889:2004-03-26 3882:2004-02-10 3868:2007-03-31 3865:2002-09-27 3844:2005-03-31 3841:2002-03-29 3820:2004-10-31 3817:2001-10-26 3796:2004-03-31 3793:2001-03-30 3772:2004-09-30 3762:2000-05-16 3748:2003-03-31 3720:2002-09-30 3692:2002-03-31 3664:2002-03-31 3604:2001-03-31 3576:2001-03-31 3566:1996-09-10 3552:2001-01-31 3549:1996-09-27 3528:2001-01-31 3518:1996-02-20 3494:1995-09-29 3473:2001-03-31 3470:1995-29-13 3467:1994-09-13 3453:2001-03-31 3450:1995-06-30 3429:2001-01-31 3426:1994-06-24 3423:1994-04-05 3409:1999-06-30 3389:1999-06-30 3386:1993-03-26 3383:1992-06-18 3369:1999-06-30 3366:1992-12-31 3363:1990-09-05 3349:1994-03-31 3346:1990-10-26 3343:1990-09-05 2775:1970-08-05 2757:1970-08-05 2754:1970-06-01 2661:1968-08-30 2603:1967-08-08 2549:1966-12-07 2526:1966-04-29 2507:1966-08-18 2473:1966-03-31 2405:Rel # 2226:commands, 2175:IPL process 2148:(2 bytes). 2029:Common area 1901:Fixed area 1282:partitioned 1237:tape drives 1204:re-compiled 1104:sub-tasking 925:timesharing 758:IBSYS/IBJOB 690:OpenSolaris 657:OpenEdition 650:OpenEdition 6660:Categories 6540:System/360 6520:management 6067:2022-05-02 5792:IOS 2nd ed 5285:August 16, 5279:SHARE Inc. 5203:2017-03-05 5157:2023-06-03 4539:References 4197:2021-06-27 4170:2019-02-26 4146:2017-07-17 4122:2015-07-28 4098:2013-07-23 4074:2011-07-12 4050:2010-07-22 4026:2009-08-18 4002:2008-08-05 3978:2007-08-08 3954:2006-08-08 3930:2005-07-27 3906:2004-08-10 3858:2002-08-13 3834:2002-02-19 3810:2001-09-11 3786:2000-10-03 3765:2000-09-29 3741:2000-03-31 3734:2000-02-29 3713:1999-09-24 3706:1999-02-22 3685:1999-03-26 3678:1998-08-18 3657:1998-09-25 3650:1998-02-24 3632:2001-03-31 3625:1998-03-27 3618:1997-09-09 3597:1997-09-26 3590:1997-03-11 3569:1997-03-11 3542:1996-02-20 3521:1996-03-29 3501:2001-03-31 3497:2001-03-31 3487:1995-02-28 3443:1994-09-13 2394:Announced 2241:Interfaces 2128:(2 bytes) 2052:allocates. 1995:Foreground 1941:Fixed area 1826:Dispatcher 1723:System/390 1454:OS/VS2 SVS 1376:System/370 1273:and IBM's 1194:(API) and 1090:partitions 1079:System/370 1050:partitions 951:(BPS) and 931:, for the 917:See also: 865:microfiche 751:System/360 414:OS/VS1 BPE 95:1966-03-31 61:Written in 6179:mainframe 6024:(1985). " 6006:(1975). " 5437:cite book 4677:z/Journal 4544:Citations 4223:5655-ZOS 4194:5650-ZOS 4167:5650-ZOS 4143:5650-ZOS 4119:5650-ZOS 4095:5650-ZOS 4071:5694-A01 4047:5694-A01 4023:5694-A01 3999:5694-A01 3975:5694-A01 3951:5694-A01 3927:5694-A01 3903:5694-A01 3879:5694-A01 3855:5694-A01 3831:5694-A01 3807:5694-A01 3783:5694-A01 3759:5647-A01 3731:5647-A01 3703:5647-A01 3675:5647-A01 3647:5647-A01 3615:5647-A01 3587:5647-A01 3563:5645-001 3539:5645-001 3515:5645-001 3484:5655-069 3464:5655-069 3440:5655-068 3420:5655-068 3400:5685-048 3380:5685-047 3360:5685-047 3340:5685-047 3318:5685-002 3296:5685-001 3274:5740-XC6 3252:5740-XC6 3233:5740-XYN 3214:5740-XYS 3195:5740-XYN 3176:5740-XYS 3157:5740-XYN 3138:5740-XYS 3119:5740-XE1 3101:5740-XE1 3080:5752-VS2 3059:5752-VS2 3039:5752-VS2 3017:5752-VS2 2997:5752-VS2 2975:5752-VS2 2953:5752-VS2 2931:5742-SC1 2270:List form 1990:Initiator 1612:job queue 1209:The same 1190:The same 1153:debuggers 1142:rolled-in 1063:partition 891:Unix-like 624:Unix-like 133:Platforms 77:OS family 49:Developer 6514:Computer 6466:Category 6429:Trillian 6424:Monterey 6414:Taligent 6407:Projects 6338:Textpack 6050:Articles 5177:. SHARE. 4294:See also 4132:2021-09 4108:2019-09 4084:2017-09 4060:2015-09 4036:2013-09 4012:2011-09 3406:1990-10 3403:1990-09 3324:1988-07 3321:1988-02 3302:1988-07 3299:1988-02 3280:1983-03 3277:1981-10 3258:1983-03 3255:1981-10 3239:1981-10 3236:1980-11 3220:1981-10 3217:1980-11 3201:1981-06 3198:1980-06 3182:1981-06 3179:1980-06 3163:1980-12 3160:1980-06 3144:1980-12 3141:1980-06 3125:1979-08 3122:1979-03 3104:1979-?? 3083:1979-?? 3062:1976-11 3023:1975-10 3020:1975-?? 2981:1975-10 2978:1972-?? 2959:1974-?? 2956:1972-08 2937:1972-?? 2934:1972-08 2918:1973-?? 2915:1972-08 2897:1972-08 2811:1971-02 2795:1970-09 2738:1970-03 2718:1969-10 2700:1969-09 2697:1969-07 2681:1969-03 2643:1968-01 2623:1967-08 2585:1967-05 2567:1967-02 2529:1966-10 2510:1966-08 2491:1966-06 2470:1965-12 2455:1966-11 2452:1964-04 2435:1965-11 2432:1964-04 2416:1964-04 2402:dropped 2397:Shipped 2361:Timeline 2203:(VTOC). 2185:READ IPL 2134:16 2122:16 2022:command. 2012:command. 1908:Nucleus 1869:Highest 1853:Content 1769:May 2022 1333:SPOOLing 1265:such as 837:Option 4 823:Option 2 812:Option 1 801:Overview 790:and the 770:IBM 1410 648:MVS/ESA 588:TPF line 563:VM/XA SP 557:VM/XA SF 551:VM/XA MA 450:MVS/SE 2 432:OS/VS2R1 305:MUSIC/SP 233:MIT CTSS 6518:project 6443:Related 6398:4690 OS 6393:4680 OS 6326:Desktop 6256:VM line 6202:TSS/360 6197:TOS/360 6192:BOS/360 5963:Manuals 5948:June 7, 5924:June 7, 5896:June 7, 5868:June 7, 5840:June 7, 5812:June 7, 5777:June 7, 5749:June 7, 5721:June 7, 5693:June 7, 5665:June 7, 5637:June 7, 5609:June 7, 5581:June 7, 5553:June 7, 5525:June 7, 5497:June 7, 5477:JCLUSER 5469:June 7, 5419:July 7, 5391:June 7, 5363:June 7, 5335:June 7, 5250:May 23, 5199:. NaSPA 4631:Mar 11, 4255:Legend: 4200:221-260 4173:219-013 4149:217-246 4125:215-267 4101:213-292 4077:211-252 4053:210-235 4029:209-242 4005:208-186 3981:207-175 3957:206-190 3933:205-167 3909:204-180 3885:204-017 3861:202-190 3837:202-031 3813:201-248 3789:200-352 3768:200-145 3744:200-030 3737:299-234 3716:299-234 3709:299-042 3688:299-042 3681:298-278 3660:298-278 3653:298-049 3635:298-049 3628:297-355 3621:297-355 3600:297-355 3593:297-040 3572:297-040 3545:296-018 3524:296-018 3499: ( 3490:295-072 3446:295-072 2400:Support 2346:CONTROL 2300:Primary 2162:2 2142:2 1935:private 1911:Lowest 1814:threads 1794:storage 1727:zSeries 1430:AIX/ESA 1426:AIX/370 1290:DOS/360 1215:DOS/360 1129:regions 1011:utility 961:DOS/360 957:TOS/360 953:BOS/360 929:TSS/360 907:Windows 899:Solaris 872:DOS/360 662:OS/390 655:VM/ESA 643:AIX/ESA 637:AIX/370 498:VM line 468:MVS/ESA 423:(1967) 404:(1968) 362:VSE/ESA 347:(1979) 345:DOS/VSE 333:DOS/360 301:(1972) 295:(1966) 272:TSS/360 266:TOS/360 260:BOS/360 159:License 115:1972-08 113: ( 93: ( 6546:OS/360 6343:PC DOS 6291:zLinux 6244:OS/390 6229:OS/VS1 6175:Server 6032: 6014: 5932:MVTSUP 5904:MVTJOB 5876:PCPJOB 5757:TSOCMD 5673:SYSGEN 5595:OS SMF 5449:JCLREF 5023: 4468:VM/370 4464:DOS/VS 4406:DEFINE 4391:E.g., 2666:15/16 2193:OBTAIN 1931:common 1923:system 1798:memory 1782:OS/VS1 1731:OS/390 1672:IMS/VS 1651:start. 1589:single 1585:Amdahl 1537:App 1 1511:App 3 1508:App 2 1505:App 1 1438:IX/370 1421:OS/VS1 1416:OS/VS1 1396:SYSGEN 1390:OS/360 1365:(TCAM) 1359:(QTAM) 1267:ADABAS 1122:OS/360 1083:OS/VS1 977:OS/360 913:Origin 901:, and 829:MFT II 792:64-bit 732:OS/360 692:(2008) 686:(2001) 679:(2000) 672:(1999) 666:(1996) 659:(1995) 652:(1993) 645:(1991) 639:(1990) 633:(1981) 608:(2005) 602:(1979) 596:(1967) 577:(2000) 571:(1990) 569:VM/ESA 565:(1988) 559:(1985) 553:(1984) 547:(1980) 531:(1972) 529:VM/370 525:(1968) 523:VP/CSS 519:(1967) 510:(1967) 482:(2000) 476:(1995) 474:OS/390 470:(1988) 464:(1983) 462:MVS/XA 456:MVS/SP 452:(1979) 446:(1978) 444:MVS/SE 410:(1972) 408:OS/VS1 402:MFT II 398:(1966) 390:(1966) 376:(2021) 370:(2005) 364:(1991) 356:VSE/SP 341:(1972) 339:DOS/VS 335:(1965) 327:(1966) 307:(1985) 286:(1967) 280:(1967) 274:(1967) 268:(1965) 262:(1965) 235:(1961) 229:(1960) 223:(1959) 217:(1958) 211:(1957) 205:(1955) 174:OS/VS1 148:Kernel 18:MFT II 6355:PC/IX 6348:DOS/V 6311:SRTOS 6281:IBM i 6187:IBSYS 6082:ABEND 5998:Books 5989:IBM, 5982:IBM, 5975:IBM, 5968:IBM, 5942:(PDF) 5914:(PDF) 5886:(PDF) 5858:(PDF) 5830:(PDF) 5802:(PDF) 5767:(PDF) 5739:(PDF) 5711:(PDF) 5701:SYSPG 5683:(PDF) 5655:(PDF) 5645:SYSCB 5627:(PDF) 5599:(PDF) 5571:(PDF) 5543:(PDF) 5515:(PDF) 5487:(PDF) 5459:(PDF) 5409:(PDF) 5399:INTRO 5381:(PDF) 5371:DMSYS 5353:(PDF) 5343:DMSVC 5325:(PDF) 5315:DMMAC 5271:(PDF) 5244:(PDF) 5193:(PDF) 5119:(PDF) 5060:(PDF) 4961:(PDF) 4941:(PDF) 4918:INTRO 4905:(PDF) 4867:(PDF) 4848:(PDF) 4815:(PDF) 4733:(PDF) 4712:INTRO 4699:(PDF) 4583:INTRO 4563:(PDF) 4327:GECOS 4306:Notes 2912:5741 2904:21.8 2894:360S 2886:21.7 2877:360S 2869:21.6 2860:360S 2843:360S 2835:20.6 2826:360S 2818:20.1 2808:360S 2790:360S 2782:19.6 2772:360S 2762:19.1 2751:360S 2733:360S 2725:18.6 2715:360S 2694:360S 2676:360S 2656:360S 2638:360S 2618:360S 2613:MVT? 2598:360S 2580:360S 2562:360S 2544:360S 2523:360S 2504:360S 2486:360S 2467:360S 2413:360S 2408:Name 2375:IBM. 2344:, is 2323:REPLY 2235:LOGON 2228:MOUNT 2224:START 2020:START 2010:MOUNT 2005:Mount 1927:fixed 1856:Area 1605:years 1597:hours 1374:When 1170:M65MP 995:CP-67 903:macOS 895:Linux 682:z/OS 675:z/VM 670:Linux 606:z/TPF 545:VM/SP 514:CP-67 505:CP-40 368:z/VSE 299:MUSIC 284:ORVYL 227:IBSYS 209:BESYS 141:S/370 137:S/360 72:(BSL) 6365:OS/2 6301:DPPX 6296:DPCX 6249:z/OS 6030:ISBN 6012:ISBN 5950:2022 5926:2022 5898:2022 5870:2022 5842:2022 5814:2022 5779:2022 5751:2022 5723:2022 5695:2022 5667:2022 5639:2022 5611:2022 5583:2022 5555:2022 5527:2022 5505:LKED 5499:2022 5471:2022 5443:link 5421:2022 5393:2022 5365:2022 5337:2022 5287:2022 5252:2022 5021:ISBN 4633:2019 4608:2022 4488:The 4466:and 4393:HASP 4325:and 3507:2.2 3476:2.1 3090:3.8 3069:3.7 3048:3.6 3006:2.1 2633:MVT 2572:9.5 2539:MFT 2515:4/5 2342:3270 2338:2260 2334:2250 2327:WTOR 2181:LOAD 2158:z/OS 2140:and 2130:line 1784:and 1735:z/OS 1725:and 1704:VTAM 1687:must 1683:must 1674:and 1660:BDAM 1638:VSAM 1628:JES3 1616:JES2 1601:days 1532:MVS 1469:PL/I 1465:PL/S 1434:DPPX 1303:BTAM 1286:BPAM 1275:DL/I 1271:IDMS 1255:BDAM 1248:ISAM 1241:card 1233:QSAM 1229:BSAM 1033:and 1021:and 889:and 887:UNIX 857:DASD 795:z/OS 774:7010 760:and 622:and 620:UNIX 575:z/VM 517:/CMS 508:/CMS 480:z/OS 427:65MP 215:UMES 150:type 6529:IBM 6434:K42 6370:AOS 6360:AIX 6306:SSP 6286:AIX 6271:CPF 6266:TPF 6261:ACP 6239:MVS 6234:SVS 6217:VSE 6207:RAX 6160:CNK 6155:INK 6139:IBM 6137:by 5918:IBM 5890:IBM 5862:IBM 5848:IPL 5834:IBM 5820:IOS 5806:IBM 5771:IBM 5743:IBM 5729:TSO 5715:IBM 5687:IBM 5659:IBM 5631:IBM 5617:SUP 5603:IBM 5589:SMF 5575:IBM 5561:MVT 5547:IBM 5533:MFT 5519:IBM 5491:IBM 5463:IBM 5413:IBM 5385:IBM 5357:IBM 5329:IBM 5300:IPL 4792:doi 4600:IBM 4494:MVS 4492:of 4371:TSO 4346:VAX 4343:DEC 4339:VMS 4233:TBA 4208:TBA 4087:13 4063:12 4039:11 4015:10 3775:10 2852:21 2800:20 2743:19 2705:18 2686:17 2648:14 2628:13 2608:12 2590:11 2356:JCL 2285:SVC 2246:API 2232:TSO 2169:bar 2156:In 2050:NIP 2000:TSO 1985:Job 1812:or 1790:MVS 1786:SVS 1764:. 1694:SNA 1676:DB2 1607:.) 1599:to 1570:". 1568:xxx 1564:MVS 1481:IOS 1450:MVT 1231:or 1211:JCL 1202:or 1116:MVT 1072:MFT 1057:PCP 1035:MPS 1031:MSS 1027:SSS 1023:MVT 1019:MFT 1015:PCP 965:VSE 840:VMS 788:MVS 747:IBM 631:UTS 600:TPF 594:ACP 438:MVS 421:MVT 396:MFT 374:VSE 293:RAX 278:MTS 221:SOS 153:N/A 54:IBM 6662:: 6614:^ 6542:^ 6328:, 6177:, 6059:. 5439:}} 5435:{{ 5277:. 5273:. 5230:^ 5195:. 5127:^ 4788:12 4786:. 4763:^ 4735:. 4675:. 4663:^ 4649:. 4624:. 4571:^ 4321:, 4215:5 4186:4 4159:3 4135:2 4111:1 3991:9 3967:8 3943:7 3919:6 3895:5 3871:4 3847:3 3823:2 3799:1 3751:9 3723:8 3695:7 3667:6 3639:5 3607:4 3579:3 3555:2 3531:1 3456:2 3432:1 3412:1 3392:3 3372:2 3352:1 3329:1 3307:1 3285:1 3263:1 3244:3 3225:3 3206:2 3187:2 3168:1 3149:1 3130:2 3111:1 3028:3 2986:2 2964:2 2942:1 2923:1 2554:8 2534:6 2496:2 2478:1 2440:1 2373:, 2369:, 2340:, 2336:, 2164:Gi 2144:Gi 2136:Mi 2124:Mi 1800:. 1737:. 1670:, 1436:, 1432:, 1428:, 1331:A 1269:, 1239:, 1029:, 1017:, 967:. 940:or 897:, 874:. 780:. 176:, 139:, 68:, 6548:^ 6498:e 6491:t 6484:v 6127:e 6120:t 6113:v 6070:. 6036:. 5952:. 5928:. 5900:. 5872:. 5844:. 5816:. 5781:. 5753:. 5725:. 5697:. 5669:. 5641:. 5613:. 5585:. 5557:. 5529:. 5501:. 5473:. 5445:) 5423:. 5395:. 5367:. 5339:. 5289:. 5254:. 5206:. 5160:. 5139:. 5029:. 4831:. 4798:. 4794:: 4739:. 4718:. 4701:. 4635:. 4610:. 4585:. 4470:. 4373:. 4348:. 4241:1 3503:) 2350:K 2348:( 2166:B 2146:B 2138:B 2126:B 1925:( 1771:) 1767:( 1217:. 1206:. 772:/ 720:e 713:t 706:v 117:) 97:) 20:)

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