205:, chemically milled down. The secondary structure was made using styrofoam, plywood, carbon fibre, and graphite expoxy. The entire aircraft was covered in transparent Mylar film. The undercarriage consisted of three wheels arranged in series, with the middle wheel being sprung and castering. Additionally, the middle wheel was powered during the initial part of the take-off run. Lateral control was achieved by wing warping, with directional and pitch control being achieved by the all-flying tailfin and tailplane.
178:. According to the rules, the first HPA to traverse a 1,500 m (4,920 ft) triangular closed course in less than 180 seconds would be awarded a ÂŁ20,000 prize. Competition rules allowed for stored energy, generated by the pilot during a ten-minute period immediately preceding a flight, to be used as an additional power source. Design of the
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The pilot sat in a conventional cycling position. During flights, the aircraft had two separate power sources, both leading to a fixed-pitch minimum induced loss propeller. One was the pilot, who used bicycle pedals to power a steel-nylon chain drive to the propeller. The other power source was a
224:. To comply with the Kremer competition, these cells could be charged by the pilot pedalling for 10 minutes, immediately prior to a prize attempt. According to its designers, both the pilot and the motor were each expected to deliver approximately equal amounts of power to the propeller.
235:. The flight program continued through to September 23, when it suffered a nose-over during landing, necessitating repairs. These took place over the winter of 1983/84, during which it was also partially redesigned. The new iteration was designated the
201:, with the outer section being set at a greater angle. The empennage featured all-flying tail surfaces, with both the fin and tailplane having an elliptical planform. The aircraft's primary structure consisted of
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was a wire-braced high-wing monoplane of conventional configuration, and fitted with a tractor propeller. The fuselage was of the pod-and-boom type. The wing planform had a
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commenced in late May, with an emphasis on it winning the prize, as well as it being economical and achievable to design and build. Much of the technology used with the
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148:, with Professors Walter Hollister and Ed Crawley acting as Project Advisers. Professor Eugene Larrabee, who had been the adviser for the 1979
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Construction of the aircraft involved 3,600 hours of work, over an 88-day period. It first flew on August 14, 1983, at
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488:. Vol. 19, no. 1. New York, NY: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. pp. 4–13
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The concept and general arrangement of the craft, described as an improved successor to the
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Development of the design was prompted in May 1983 by the announcement of the
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448:. Vol. IX, no. 1. The Soaring Society of America. pp. 1–6
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478:"Not All Student Design Projects End on Paper: Chronology of the
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Cruz, Juan R.; Drela, Mark; Langford, John S. (January 1985).
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then being retrospectively applied to the original version.
144:, designed and built by graduates and undergraduates of the
442:"The MIT Monarch and the Kremer World Speed Competition"
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2-bladed, 10 ft (3.0 m) diameter fixed pitch
549:
Abbott, Allan V.; Wilson, David Gordon, eds. (1995).
167:, was first detailed in the Spring 1981 issue of the
553:. Champaign, IL, USA: Human Kinetics. p. 232.
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Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
318:1 Ă— electric motor , 0.94 hp (.70 kW)
518:. London: Jane's Yearbooks. pp. 456–457.
8:
195:constant chord with a tapered outer section
16:1980s United States human-powered aircraft
596:Twin-engined single-prop tractor aircraft
591:1980s United States experimental aircraft
507:
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515:Jane's all the world's aircraft 1984-85
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276:26 ft 4.75 in (8.0455 m)
256:Jane's all the world's aircraft 1984-85
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345:24 mph (39 km/h, 21 kn)
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146:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
59:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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282:61 ft 6 in (18.75 m)
186:transferred over to the new craft.
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288:178 sq ft (16.5 m)
512:Taylor, John W. R., ed. (1984).
476:Langford, John (Spring 1981).
416:List of human-powered aircraft
176:Kremer World Speed Competition
1:
601:Aircraft first flown in 1983
155:HPA, also provided support.
197:. The wing featured slight
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312:67.5 lb (31 kg)
217:, linked to a pack of 24
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611:Cruciform tail aircraft
261:General characteristics
203:6061-T6 aluminum tubing
581:Human-powered aircraft
551:Human Powered Vehicles
233:Bedford, Massachusetts
142:human-powered aircraft
36:Human-powered aircraft
486:AIAA Student Journal
169:AIAA Student Journal
88:September 23, 1983
72:, John S. Langford
586:High-wing aircraft
371:Gossamer Albatross
446:Technical Soaring
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39:Type of aircraft
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529:. Retrieved
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94:Number built
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363:Lady Godiva
336:Performance
328:Propellers:
322:Powerplant:
316:Powerplant:
241:; the name
231:airport in
209:700 W
159:Development
575:Categories
560:0873228278
525:0710608012
422:References
377:MacCready
369:MacCready
286:Wing area:
70:Mark Drela
531:April 10,
492:April 10,
480:Chrysalis
452:April 10,
403:Monarch B
387:Chrysalis
280:Wingspan:
254:Data from
243:Monarch A
238:Monarch B
215:generator
184:Chrysalis
165:Chrysalis
152:Chrysalis
137:Monarch A
126:Monarch B
111:Chrysalis
65:Designer
26:Monarch A
395:Daedalus
350:See also
211:DC motor
199:dihedral
85:Retired
302:Airfoil
274:Length:
191:Monarch
180:Monarch
557:
522:
219:Ni-Cad
140:was a
361:Kohm
268:Crew:
222:cells
32:Role
555:ISBN
533:2023
520:ISBN
494:2023
454:2023
401:MIT
393:MIT
385:MIT
297:21.6
189:The
150:MIT
134:The
124:MIT
109:MIT
24:MIT
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