Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style/Organisms

3910:

any effort to merge entries on populations that simply have different names in different places. The source is generally useful for data on varieties that are described and distinguished in reliable secondary sources, but it does not itself establish that they are distinct or notable, nor how to classify them. DAD-IS's problems carry over to other databases that rely on it, such as the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources. Example of problems include recording extinct breeds as still extant and vice versa, listing breeds as "endangered" when they're simply not common in a particular country, and accepting gross over-reporting of breeds (e.g. almost 200 horse "breeds" in Germany alone).

4493:

official name with a pedigree registry (which may be much longer, e.g., SK's Figtwit's Fancy of Ramsey Gyatso), it would be appropriate to also include the longer name in the dog's article, e.g. in the lead and/or infobox, as well as perhaps in a discussion of the registry and its best-known grand champion show dogs. If the dog had to be distinguished from something else called Figwit's Fancy, use the article title "Figwit's Fancy (dog)". If there were two dogs commonly known by this name, disambiguate further, e.g. "Figwit's Fancy (poodle)".

115:

such as "var." or "complex" (though the names these terms refer to are sometimes capitalized). Do not apply any sub-field's peculiar stylistic conventions outside of articles in that category if they conflict with the general rules. Scientific names can be complicated, especially for cultivated plants. For complex cases, refer to relevant specialist academic sources, while for vernacular naming, follow generalist sources on English-language usage (especially, do not capitalize as a form of emphasis).

618:; they will not be understood by many readers who are neither biologists nor Latin students. In botany, there can be up to five taxonomic ranks below the rank of species, all conventionally named in Latin: "subspecies" (which is spelled the same in English), "varietas", "subvarietas", "forma", and "subforma". There is also an uncommon one immediately above species and below sub-genus, "sectio". In practice, these are usually abbreviated (and never italicized) in names; 3566:), care must be taken in articles to distinguish between the feral or landrace populations (not capitalized except for proper names like "English") versus the controlled, standardized populations (capitalized), and to not confuse the respective facts about them, which may significantly differ. Treat them distinctly in a "History" section, in different sections, or (rarely) even in different articles if both the landrace and the standardized breed are independently 5105:(ICN) preface states of italicization of order and family: "The Code sets no binding standard in this respect, as typography is a matter of editorial style and tradition not of nomenclature." Most peer-reviewed scientific botanical publications do not italicize names above the rank of genus, and non-botanical scientific publications do not (except in virology; the ICTV adopted an italicization convention in the 1990s, which is ignored outside of that field). 4994:(usually a place name), so only a relative handful would remain lower case, a confusing consistency problem. Editors may not already know which ones are and are not based on proper names. These names are also official divisions in animal and plant competitive shows put on by such organizations, and ultimately are the titles of publications, in the form of breed and cultivar standards, and registered certifications of compliance with those standards. 3602:"Traditional breed" or "old variety" are often used synonymously with "natural breed", but also used to distinguish a traditional, early, more natural version of a breed from a dominant newer breed standard with markedly different traits. Capitalize "Traditional", "Old", or a similar term only in the name of a variant that has been standardized as a separate breed or sub-breed (which may vary by registry). Examples include the 4546:), except in the first sentence of the lead section of the article on that person (with a link to what the title means), so we obviously follow the same rule for animals, e.g. with titles like Grand Champion (GC). Mentioning such a title in other contexts would only be appropriate in unusual cases, such as in image captions when illustrating a breed article with photos of reliably sourced conformance-champion specimens. 2861:. Knowledge (XXG) consistently uses lower-case vernacular names regardless of taxonomic category, based on prevailing use in broad, peer-reviewed scientific and academic journals, general-audience mainstream sources, and the recommendations of most English writing authorities, despite the preference for capitalization in some specialist publications. 38: 2590:

biological describers and Knowledge (XXG) needs to be clear about who played what role. Alternative wording can be used for higher taxonomic categories, such as "erected". Do not use "circumscribed" used in place of "described"; circumscription should only be mentioned in a context where circumscriptions are being compared, e.g.

94: 402:. When editing an article that mixes viral and other topics, use the italicization and capitalization conventions of the non-viral topic, as this increases site-wide consistency and is less jarring for readers (e.g., in an article on cattle health, use the ICZN not ICTV style). Examples: In a virology article, use 4298:, reverse the order of the scientific and common name (if any of the latter are given), italicize the scientific name, and boldface both. Do not boldface a long list of common names. Avoid putting the most common name in parentheses (this will suppress its display in some views of Knowledge (XXG), including 5046:

commemorating the town of ’s-Hertogenbosch in The Netherlands is to be written ‘’s-Hertogenbosch’ and not ‘’S-Hertogenbosch’; similarly, the epithet commemorating the town IJsselham (spelled with the initial two letters in capitals) is to be written ‘IJsselham’ and not ‘Ijsselham’.

1741:. The template puts the trade name in a different font than the other text (this being the only ICNCP requirement; ICNCP's own examples show small-capitals formatting, but this is not required). Trade designations go at the end of the scientific name, or immediately before the cultivar epithet, if any: 149:. If in doubt about the applicability of anything given (or not given) in this guideline, consult encyclopedic works on the topic or scholarly literature. If still in doubt, use the style that seems most correct by general rules rather than attempt to apply a questionable interpretation of narrow ones. 753:

Be aware that standard abbreviations may differ by field, e.g. "subspecies" is "ssp." (when used at all) in zoology, but "subsp." in bacteriology and botany. It is required in a name by convention in botany but not zoology (so Knowledge (XXG) does not use it for the latter except in quoted material).

114:

domesticated varieties/breeds may be capitalized, but not informal landraces or types. Interpolations into scientific names are not italicized or capitalized, including connecting terms (e.g. "subsp." and "var.") and symbols (× and +), nor are the modifiers that are appended to some scientific names,

3088:

A well-attested history of intentional selective breeding with the aim of producing a controlled, named population with fixed traits distinguishable from other nearby populations (as may be the case for some well-studied cattle, dog, etc., breeds in developing countries, and those attested in detail

2545:

In taxonomy, using parentheses (round brackets) around an author's name is not a typographic whim; it indicates that a scientific name has been derived from a taxon described by that author, but the name has since been changed (e.g. the species has been moved to a different genus). You can forestall

2285:

It may be helpful to readers to also create redirects for incorrectly capitalized scientific names, e.g. those in which a proper name appears in the species epithet, since readers unfamiliar with the conventions may look for the capitalized version, and such variation is actually found in some older

429:

Virus species names are often abbreviated, e.g. HIV, HHV-5, etc.; these short forms are not italicized and do not use periods (full points) between the acronym letters. Unlike in other fields, non-abbreviated genus and species epithets in virology can even be multi-word, and overlapping (redundantly

4848:

Technically, and especially for long, complex names, the cultivar name and its single quotation marks can also be placed in parentheses (round brackets) after the trade designation for visual clarity, but this style is an unnecessary complication on Knowledge (XXG), especially since parentheses are

3909:

breed database (a tertiary source) uncritically accepts data submitted to it by governments and other bodies, and does not clearly distinguish between standardized breeds, landraces, and populations that are unremarkable other than for being within particular geographic boundaries, nor does it make

2444:

it has. Taxobox provides special parameters for various authority types. Authorities are not needed in articles that have some other kind of infobox (e.g. an animal breed); simply link (if the infobox does not do this automatically) to the article on the species or genus, which will provide author

4962:

While some narrow-topic journals (e.g. most in ornithology, many in herpetology, some in especially British botany), prefer the capitalization, most reliable academic and scientific publications, including leading biology, ecology, and general science journals (even when publishing ornithological

4492:

in more detail, use the shortest reasonable parenthetical disambiguating term when one is needed. Example: A notable show dog best known as Figwit's Fancy should be at an article with that title, and usually referred to in article text by this name. If the dog's best-known name differs from its

3598:

Ambiguous labels like "rare breed", "ancient breed", "historical breed", "national breed", "traditional breed", etc., have no clear definition, are used in contradictory ways, and should be avoided. "Rare breed" in particular is used by different people to mean "landrace", "nearly extinct breed",

179:

Due to the complexity of the material, this is by necessity one of the most complex and technical of the Manual of Style's pages, and it is intended principally for academics and researchers. Non-specialists should feel free to copy the usage in reliable sources verbatim, and let others with more

4993:

Breed and cultivar/variety names are capitalized with near uniformity by such organizations as a matter of consistent convention, and general-audience publications (newspapers, dictionaries, etc.) sometimes also capitalize them. The majority of breed/cultivar names already contain a proper name

3346:

Fanciers' and breeders' publications are notoriously unreliable when it comes to distinguishing between formally recognized, standardized breeds (or cultivars), alleged new varieties promoted by particular breeders, and landraces and other more general, unstandardized types, calling all of them

3105:

As a rule of thumb, a "breed" that pre-dates the establishment of any organization devoted to that type of organism in that part of the world, and which is not presently recognized as an extant breed by such organizations, is usually just a landrace. This includes most populations in developing

2867:

Sticking to lower case increases site-wide consistency and is less jarring for readers, as well as less likely to lead to editing conflicts. If encountering an entire category of articles capitalized in this manner, it is probably better to seek community-wide consensus through a multi-article

3871:

claims of progress or success in establishment of a new standardized breed or cultivar. Acceptance by a major international organization is the surest sign of success, though this process does not apply universally (e.g., horse breeding has no all-breed international registries; recognition is

2589:

When discussing authorities in more detail, use "described" not "discovered". Many species were discovered by indigenous peoples long before they were scientifically described and given a Latinate epithet. Some fossils and microorganisms can be said to have discoverers, but these are not their

5045:

Each word of a cultivar epithet must start with an initial capital letter unless linguistic custom demands otherwise. Exceptions are words after a hyphen ... unless they are proper nouns, conjunctions, and prepositions other than those in the first word of the epithet .... A cultivar epithet

4806:

Reliable sources vary widely, and even between editions, on handling of spacing and the ×/+ characters. When used between two names, × is almost universally fully-spaced, while before a single name either character is often not spaced at all, to group it with the name as a unit. This may be

4963:

papers) do not permit this capitalization. The same holds true for the vast majority of general-audience publications, such as newspapers, dictionaries, other encyclopedias, UK- and US-English writing and style guides, etc. (Field guides on these taxa are an exception, but field guides on

3796:

The general Knowledge (XXG) consensus that all currently recognized animal and plant species should (eventually) have an article – that being a species automatically confers notability – does not apply to subspecific ranks, and thus does not apply to breeds, cultivars, landraces, and other

3521:

A landrace for which a standardization effort has begun remains lower-case, except in the exact context of that breeding program. Most of the animals by the landrace's name are not part of that breeding experiment and (except in unusual circumstances) it is not the primary subject of the

2856:

entirely or mostly capitalized these names in certain categories (e.g. birds, dragonflies, even cetaceans and primates). After numerous consensus discussions in multiple forums, the Knowledge (XXG) community rejected this practice as unencyclopedic jargon usage. The Manual of Style thus

4923:

Capitalization of the common names of species is regarded by many Wikipedians (including many professional biologists) as grammatically incorrect, and an inappropriate imposition of an in-house style from very narrowly specialized journals. Editors have commented on the matter in various

4173:

Avoid the urge to "pre-disambiguate" on the basis that an organism's name might conceivably be confused with something else. If there's no other subject with encyclopedic coverage with which the animal or plant name could be confused, then there's no need to disambiguate (e.g., use

3690:

should be capitalized like any other standardized breed, whether the standard is accepted yet by major breed registries. Those without a breed club publishing a standard cannot be distinguished, in an encyclopedic way, from a local landrace or mongrel population, and should not be

2474:

Otherwise, authorities should not appear in running text, including in the opening sentence of an article, unless the article has no taxobox, in which case authority data should appear once per taxon in the article body. In the article body, wrap the author and date information in

3550:

to conserve its most defining traits as a modern standardized breed or cultivar. These are capitalized only if they meet the definitions of a standardized breed in a notable breed registry, or a registered cultivar (or cultivar group or variety) in a cultivar registration

4577:. Where multiple names exist, non-English names that appear with non-trivial frequency in English-language publications should exist as redirects to the English article name, and be mentioned as alternative names in the lead and/or infobox of the article on the animal. 2561:

Whether to include a date, and whether to include a combining authority after a parenthetical authority, along with whether to abbreviate, varies by nomenclature code. It is recommended to copy a taxonomic authority string verbatim from a taxonomically reliable source.

394:; it is not common outside this context even in academic journals, and should not be used in other categories of articles, as its double inconsistency will be confusing to readers and to non-specialist editors. The Manual of Style advises us, across all style issues, to 4234:. Alternative names should be mentioned and reliably sourced in the text where applicable, with bold type in the lead if they are in wide use, or elsewhere in the article (with or without the bold type, per editorial discretion) if they are less used. Examples: 1752: 1737: 4596:, which is not notable for being "heroic" in instinctually rescuing her kittens from a house fire. Her actions cannot be measured by a human-level, conscious weighing of risk vs. love, coming to a self-sacrificing decision. Such a notion would be 3262:

appear consistently capitalized in virtually all sources; do not capitalize names of general types of captive-bred animals, groups of strains, color patterns, and other groupings of animals, except where they contain a proper name. Examples:

1690:. On Knowledge (XXG), do not omit "grex" (or "gx"); while it is common shorthand to do so in horticulturist catalogs and the like, the clipped usage is ambiguous and may be confusing. When both grex and cultivar group apply, use that order: 973:. Except in viruses, a species (or subspecies) name is always preceded by the genus name, or a capitalized abbreviation of it when the meaning of the abbreviation is clear in context. Viruses are so narrowly named at the species level (e.g. 1171:). As noted elsewhere herein, some specific terms like "subsp.", "var.", and "sect." in botany are abbreviated and the names that follow them do take italics; use the italics if the term refers to a formal taxonomic level, otherwise do not. 4484:, use the most commonly attested name in reliable sources. If a longer or other alternative name exists, it is appropriate to mention this in a notable animal's article, and it can sometimes be appropriate to do so in other contexts. Per 3742:

is sometimes used in reference to hybrids. We have separate articles on these concepts as nouns, which should be linked at first occurrence (there are sometimes narrower family- or genus-specific articles and sections you can use, such as

2281:

Whether an alternative name is mentioned in the lead, an infobox, or at all is a content decision left to the discretion of editors at the article in question, but any sourced name that redirects to the article should usually appear in it

2089:

any abbreviation that might be confusing, e.g. because the shortened genus and species of a subspecies would be the same letter, or the abbreviation would coincide with a term for something else, like the initials and surname of a notable

3456:

is a reliably identifiable regional phenotype of a domesticated species that is not a formal breeds/cultivar, and produced by a mixture of some selective breeding and some free-breeding adaptation to the regional environment. Examples:

1096:; some examples are after a genus name to indicate a subgenus, after a genus group to denote an aggregate of species, after a species name to mean an aggregate of subspecies, after a genus and the word "section" or "sect." to provide a 1118:, as they are not actually part of the scientific name, but are descriptive of taxonomic position. Interpolated names are easily confused with other terminology. If in doubt about parentheses, follow the usage in reliable sources. 4769:, to indicate a hybrid of domestic cats with any of several subspecies of Asian leopard cats. On Knowledge (XXG), this is best explained in plain English except in tabular data like an infobox's parameter for the scientific name. 3177:, which is redundant. This style is also used for disambiguation. Some constructions that are normally redundant may be needed in some contexts, most often when the breed name could easily be mistaken for a person or persons: 3554:

However, both of these terms are frequently used as synonymous with "landrace", and landrace names are not capitalized. If in doubt (i.e., if the reliable sources do not demonstrate standardization and registration), use lower

2704:

The type of organism is included at the end of the name when it is descriptive, geographical, or possessive; it is an organism named after another organism; the name is potentially ambiguous; or it is simply conventional to do

2726:. When an organism is usually referred to without the type (most often when it has a non-English name borrowed into English, or has long had an independent name and was later reclassified), do not add the type; e.g., use 2238:

Because redlinks directly encourage the creation of new articles, it is preferable to redlink than to not link at all or to link misleadingly or confusingly, e.g. to an article that does not mention the term being linked

5003:

A stand-alone article is not required for a subject to have encyclopedic coverage and thus need disambiguation. It might be an article, a section, or an alternative name or subtopic that redirects or should redirect to

4584:, remember that articles on notable animals exist principally to provide information on why an animal is historically and/or culturally important; they are not biographies, strictly speaking. An animal is only notable 3097:

Sourcing stringency is needed because many livestock- and pet-oriented publications have a tendency to over-use the word "breed" without any clear meaning; this is especially true of breed guidebooks/encyclopedias

2790:. This keeps the articles in a category consistent; readers should not have to guess at article titles. It also avoids breaking readers' concentration; any usage (in titles or in text) that raises the question 4823:, as it is not recognized by all browsers. Browsers are also inconsistent on whether they permit a line break at this character, which is one of the reasons Knowledge (XXG) is providing markup templates like 2364:" also have specific, though non-taxonomic, meanings and their use may require source citations. The terms "type", "variant", "sort" and "kind" are usually safe; While "type" also has the special meaning of " 3707:

names, are not capitalized, even if part of their name is derived from a proper noun. They should not be labeled with "the" in the singular, but addressed as a common noun like any mongrel population, as in

2931:. Note that some groups of organisms conventionally are compounded more often than others, even when the constructions are otherwise similar, and majority usage in reliable sources will illustrate this: 5101: 4786: 270: 2541:. Link to the appropriate alphabetical section of that list for an author who has no article and is not already cited as a source in the article at hand. Do not make up your own author abbreviations. 3150:

in which "Horse" is capitalized by most sources that capitalize the "Quarter" part, but these are uncommon variances. The kind may always be added, uncapitalized, as necessary for disambiguation

1114:. None of these are capitalized except subgenus and section. Note that it is generally not conventional to include interpolated names, which are usually better discussed in prose and laid out in 3258:

For captive-bred varieties of wild animals (common in the pet trade), use lower-case other than for trademarks and for names of varieties/strains that are as well-established as domestic breeds

3813:

Assertion that a breed once but no longer recognized still exists as such, rather than having been subsumed back into the general population or gone extinct, would constitute original research.

4281:

It is not desirable to include non-English common names unless they are also commonly used in English, e.g. regionally; if included, they should be italicized as non-English (best done with a

2852:" to propose, based on current and historic usage among those who study certain taxa, that the common names of species should be capitalized (generally or just in those categories). Various 1588:– specifying the parent species is not always important in the context and can be distracting. While various gardening and horticulture books boldface the cultivar name to make it stand out, 3823: 3487:

Registration of a landrace or mongrelized feral population by a fanciers', breeders', horticultural, agricultural, conservation, scientific, or regulatory organization, e.g. for naming of a

2762:(pronghorns are not really antelopes, and lippias are not even in the same family as oregano). In contexts where the meaning is already clear, it is unnecessary to keep repeating the type: 4784:

permits but does not require italicization of higher taxa. This is not done on Knowledge (XXG) for consistency's sake. E.g., some cyanobacteriological nomenclature is published under the

4738:. If the first occurrence of such an abbreviation is in a name and the entire name including the abbreviation is linked to an article on the organism, then apply a terminological link or 3852:, and Knowledge (XXG) should thus not have articles on most of them. Small one-breed clubs have a fiduciary interest in promoting an alleged breed and its distinctiveness; these are not 3831:

Another form of original research is asserting that an ancient variety attested in manuscript materials is a breed or cultivar in the modern sense; this is a supposition that cannot be

3161:

Rule of thumb: If you can reasonably refer in many contexts to the breed or variety without the type, the type is optional and is not capitalized even when added sometimes for clarity:

4897:

Use of italics varies in sources. Knowledge (XXG) does not italicize "et al." in the context of source citation authorship, so does not do so in the context of taxon authorship either.

2882:, since many specialist readers are used to the capitalization being used in journals in their field, and nature guides often capitalize all entries as an aid to visual scanning. Use 4665:

not a taxonomic name. Knowledge (XXG) articles will typically use such a classification. Although not formally part of the name and not italicized, connecting terms like "var." are

4569:. However, an animal that is known exclusively by its untranslated non-English name would not be written about here using an editor's translation of the name. Examples: the horses 4182:). An exception is when a breed name might be confused with a human population about whom an article or article section could be written, in which case disambiguate the animal (e.g. 3223:). The unusually compounded and/or truncated adjectives favored by some registries are not used except in the names of standardized breeds as recognized by breed registries (breed: 3142:, except when always an integral part of the name of the breed/variety, and even in that circumstance it is not capitalized. That exception is almost always to avoid ambiguity (e.g. 2872:

process, rather than risk editwarring by simply moving the articles. If usage in a category is mixed, normalizing the stragglers to lower case is unlikely to raise any controversy.

3587:) variety of plant is a selectively bred cultivar that simply pre-dated industrial agriculture and continues to be selectively propagated to retain its non-hybridized traits; it is 4458: 3853: 622:. Outside of a name, these are often translated into English, and this practice is usually used on Knowledge (XXG): "variety", "subvariety", "form", "subform" (and "section"): 334:; genetically identified herb or cat species might actually be relevant, e.g. in an archaeological context, or when distinguishing unlike things with confusingly similar names. 3146:, because "Norwegian Forest" by itself would be interpreted as a woodland in Scandinavia, not a cat breed). There may be conventional exceptions to the lower-casing – such as 977:) that including the genus would usually be superfluous, and they are capitalized like a genus. The word "virus" at the end of a viral species or genus name is not capitalized. 3738:

may have special parameters for their taxonomy. Do not refer to crossbreeds as hybrids or vice versa, even though some imprecise sources blur the distinction, and the verb

3338:), but it is recommended to simply copy such a code directly from the source (including any italics, superscripting, etc.) if one needs to be mentioned on Knowledge (XXG). 3358:" for breeds that qualify is generally a good idea. Links can be piped as needed; e.g. a typical dog breed article's first sentence might contain something like "... is a 1793:, which works in all modern browsers) between "+" and the following name; C) that the name is italicized; and D) that the line cannot wrap after the "+". Example output: 4466: 4230:, the boldfaced common name is followed by the italic boldfaced binomial or trinomial name, as applicable, in parentheses (round brackets) in the opening sentence of the 1698:; if a specific cultivar name is also present, it goes last, and the cultivar group may be put in parentheses (round brackets) to break up the string for easier reading: 4780: 2915:

Follow the practice of the majority of reliable sources, including both general encyclopedic works and more specialist publications on the type of organism in question:

284: 4967:

animals and plants, as well as minerals, antiques, and whathaveyou, uniformly capitalize in this way, to make the names stand out for quick visual scanning, a practice

3898:) vary widely in quality – one may be written by a biologist for a major publisher, another by someone with no credentials essentially plagiarizing prior works for a " 1438:(naturally occurring interspecies hybrid, which may also cross genus lines) that is long-standing enough for its own independent, published name below the genus level 4150:. It is a good idea to redirect to the actual article title any variations that do sometimes occur in sources and which may fit other disambiguation patterns; e.g., 754:

Some connecting terms are obsolete, e.g. "cv." for a cultivar, and should thus be avoided except in quotations (and should be linked to the taxonomic rank article).

5060: 3917:, which is not reliable sourcing. Many also have copyright violations (e.g. scans of various publications' articles) and should not be directly linked to for these. 3856:

sources. Some small multi-breed clubs are operated by and for promoters of experimental breeds that have failed to receive recognition from more established bodies.

5181: 5176: 3231:, unless the usage is obviously figurative and thus would not be confused with encyclopedic description, and is consistently fully compounded in reliable sources ( 4669:

in all infraspecific botanical classifications. (They are not used in zoological names since there is only one rank below species in zoology.) Shorter forms like

3819: 3243:". Hyphenation of descriptive terms is generally preferred over compounding, as readability and understandability are impaired when they are multisyllabic, as in 2448:

Non-repetitively in coverage of taxonomic disputes and developments, e.g. to distinguish between homonyms. However, best practice is to write plain English, e.g.

301: 4457:. In particular, winning an award or competition is not sufficient to establish notability. An animal must be the subject of non-trivial coverage in multiple, 806: 3069: 256: 4554: 176:

an academic specialist journal, a field guide, or a biological nomenclature code, and does not try to emulate every stylistic preference of such publications.

3730:, and various experimental botanical hybrids. Should a crossbreed or hybrid be accepted by major organizations as an established domesticated breed (example: 2185:

if the more specific name (e.g., a subspecies) is covered at the more general article (use a section link when possible, if there is detailed coverage there).

2086:

a large amount of material, in a long section of complex material, between the first and second mention on the taxon or taxa considered for abbreviation; and

3675:

originated as a promotional term in the 1980s, but has become a pejorative. It is a non-neutral term to avoid, regardless, except when quoted or attributed.

3518:.(Such a capitalized term may be used when referring to the official name of a specific registry's classification and competition system, as covered above.) 3495:, does not permit capitalization on Knowledge (XXG). As an example, a non-purebred domestic cat with short hair (nicknamed a "moggy" in some dialects) is a 3480:, which are often feral, are free-breeding members of a domesticated species with randomly mixed ancestry that includes multiple breeds/varieties. Example: 3106:

countries, and also applies to varieties attested in pre-modern manuscript materials and about which we have no selective-breeding information, such as the

1589: 3429:, in the biology sense, is a less clearly distinguishable wild population within a species or subspecies, separated by environment, geography, or genetics. 2273: 161: 3883:

to controversial claims, such as dubious breed origins or untested assertions about intelligence, temperament, and other hard-to-quantify characteristics

3400:, etc. Most of these are covered in detail above. The material below is primarily about landraces and various imprecise terms for breeds and cultivars. 2894: 2463: 52: 4165: 3614:, a blanket term for ten or more landraces of working dog for whom some standardization efforts are in-progress, in distinction to the long-standardized 2885: 2300: 1845:

and general "types" or "kinds" of animals and plants are not italicized, not specially punctuated, not capitalized except where they contain proper names

4808: 3182: 1390: 768: 738: 3669:, etc., that judge or even presuppose the success of a breeding program. Reliable secondary sources, not editor opinion, tell us about program success. 1621:

name is capitalized along with the symbol "Group" (or abbreviated form "Gp", with no "."), not italicized and not put in quotation marks or parentheses

180:

professional experience with taxonomy make any needed adjustments, e.g., because the naming conventions may have shifted since the source was written.

4462: 4231: 4218: 3860: 2332: 1228:(multiply/times/by, available in the "Insert" editing tools below the editing box; not the letter "x" or "X"). The exact format varies by organism. 2536: 2134:

A sort of exception exists in virology, which regularly uses non-italicized codes to stand in for species names in a clear context (e.g. DHOV for

5151: 5146: 4067: 4063: 4048: 4044: 3845:

Several types of sourcing are frequently problematic on the subject of alleged breeds of animals and plants, and should be treated with caution.

2905: 2901: 2029: 5143:) – this is the current MoS material on organisms, and it would remain the main MoS page's section summarizing this more detailed sub-guideline 3472:

Do not confuse a landrace with a standardized breed that has "Landrace" in its name, which is common in livestock breeds derived from landraces.

2782:, even if the shorter variant might not seem too ambiguous; if the name is clearly adjectival in form before the type, always include the type: 1673:

name is capitalized, but the symbol "grex" (or abbreviated form "gx", without a ".") is not, and neither are italicized or specially punctuated

1152:. Any names that pertain to them, usually added afterward, are capitalized (including letters in serial numbers) but not italicized. Example: 4689:

are only permissible when the higher level classifications have already been given, and the shortened form clearly refers to it. For example,

4081:

Style matters are independent of the title chosen for the article, and article content and article titling considerations are inter-dependent.

3793:. The fact that a variety seems to exist, or to have formerly existed, is insufficient reason for Knowledge (XXG) to have an article about it. 2498:

When one is provided, an author's name should be linked if there is an article to link to, and should not be abbreviated in absence of a link.

4726:

If a term has already been linked recently in the article, then its first occurrence in abbreviated form should simply be marked up with the

4592:, including subtle implications of human-like thought or agency, such as motivations, goals, disappointments, decisions, etc. An example is 5171: 4914:

was discovered by researchers inspecting a (presumably) sterile facility. But the taxa weren't described by the people who discovered them.

3902:" company. Even reputable and comprehensive ones age quickly. Some livestock breed lists accept paid promotional entries for new varieties. 3790: 2428:– is almost never needed outside of biology articles, and need not be repeated within one. Cases where this information is useful include: 2222: 1593: 173: 4581: 3558:

When a "natural breed" in the standardized sense shares the same name as the landrace population from which it was developed (as with the

2746:. Avoid any usage that may be misleading, unless it is overwhelmingly preferred in sources, if there is a clearer alternative; e.g. use 2148: 45: 4638:

because italics are used throughout for other purposes, and thus italicizing words as words would render it more difficult to understand.

1193:. Subvarieties are labeled "subvar.", and handled the same way. It is not always necessary to use the longest form of a botanical name; 3347:

simply "breeds" or "varieties" for short. As a more factual and educational publication, Knowledge (XXG) has a duty to be more precise.

2230: 2213: 2203: 3999:. Exception: When a grouping is a proper name, it should be rendered as such within the organizational context to which it pertains: 3683: 2197: 1761:, for the same neutrality reasons we do not normally mention brand names of any other products without an encyclopedic reason to do so. 3891:. Those written by international show judges, veterinarians, and others without a direct connection to the breed may be more reliable. 3251:. If sources are not consistent on compounding, Knowledge (XXG) uses the hyphenated version. Do not hyphenate non-compounds, as in " 2565:

Author information may include other terms like "in" and "ex"; these should not be italicized and do not take periods (full points):

583:, this is too confusing to too many readers on Knowledge (XXG), and leads to additional over-capitalization. The confused mish-mash " 3875:

Most breed-profile articles in fancier publications are written by professional breeders and serve a promotional purpose. These are

4945: 4941: 4597: 3807: 2577:

When there are three or more authors, give the first author name (or botanical abbreviation) followed by "et al.", not in italics:

2371: 2927:. If sources conflict, prefer separate words, then hyphenation, then full compounding, in decreasing order. If hyphenating, see 1906:(author names or abbreviations thereof, and sometimes dates, following scientific names), as they are not part of the name; thus: 5156: 4095: 446:

Neither capitalize nor italicize the plain-English form of the name of a taxon, which is usually derived from the scientific name

4557:, is that we use the names of notable animals as they are best known in English, even if this requires disambiguation. Example: 4960:. The subject had been a source of continual, heated and sometimes quite disruptive controversy on Knowledge (XXG) since 2004. 1002:, such as "cf.", "var.", "×", "+", and the parentheses (round brackets) around interpolated names (covered in the next entry), 4972: 4616:

of motherly love, and over 7,000 people requesting to adopt her and her kittens, a possible record for pet adoption requests.

4470: 3027:

broccoli. In a capitalized hyphenated name, the word after the hyphen is normally not capitalized, if not a proper name, per

2352:, and do not assert specific taxonomic terms such as "subspecies", "variety", "form", or "complex" without reliable sources. " 160:, such as between two such conventions that can apply in the same article or, more importantly, between such a convention and 152:

The instructions below closely follow the conventions expounded in the relevant academic literature. They do so to the letter

4186:). Another is when a name is intolerably ambiguous and will imply something completely different to non-expert readers, e.g. 3185:; screen-readers for the visually impaired do not indicate capitalization, so that device by itself is insufficient clarity. 3624:

Alleged new breeds are capitalized only if there is a published standard. Avoid confusing or non-neutral wording about them.

3125:) remain capitalized in titles and in article text, except for defunct natural breeds with the same name as their landrace; 2196:

seems like one that would be likely to eventually exist, is to create it as a redirect that includes a "with possibilities"

1056:. In trinomials (three-part or ternary combinations), the interpolation "subsp." is conventionally only used for plants and 63:

for adoption. Thus references or links to this page should not describe it as policy, guideline, nor yet even as a proposal.

2774:

are acceptable, and the former may even be preferable if the context already makes it clear that an ovid species is meant.

2661:

Where there is a generally accepted common name, it is best to give both the common and scientific name at first occurrence

2646:"MOS:COMMONNAME" redirects here. For article titles policy on using the name most often preferred by reliable sources, see 4817:

should be used. Using thinner spaces rather than none is also recommended by some other style guides. Do not use the code

4500:, unless the most common form of the animal's name as reported in reliable sources includes that surname, for example the 3042:

These instructions apply only to a breed, or a cultivar, cultivar group, or variety (hereafter just "cultivar") for which

4076: 3043: 157: 1244:

the default format is "×" between the epithets of the two parent taxa, with normal-width spaces on both sides of the "×"

5136: 4968: 4949: 2928: 2869: 2414:

Taxonomic author names and years of description are not appended to scientific names except where especially important.

2312: 764: 759: 399: 395: 312:

Add scientific names in contexts (e.g. biological) only where they are likely to be helpful, not distracting to readers

165: 17: 5119:. International Committee on Standardized Genetic Nomenclature for Mice / Rat Genome and Nomenclature Committee – via 4839:, which fix both the wrapping and spacing issues for you, and also work around infobox-induced italicization problems. 4496:

Do not add the surname of the owner or keeper of an animal to the name of the animal, as in using "Lucy Temerlin" for

4139: 2175:

It is permissible but not required to used piped links to more general articles from more specific names, for example

4489: 4485: 4477: 4127: 4123: 4072: 4056: 4052: 4040: 2849: 2524: 2055:

This does not apply when a section discusses multiple taxa at the same level that would share the same abbreviation:

1939:(unless, of course, separated by non-italic interpolations); this unnecessarily complicates the wikicode of the page. 1272:. This format is used between two parent species or subspecies, two genera, a genus and species, etc.; intergeneric 472:

When the common name and part of the scientific name of an organism coincide, do not italicize, and do not capitalize

4015:). Use plain English when possible, and do not apply neologistic compounds from particular organizations (e.g., the 3657:

Most attempts at establishing a new breed of animal or plant are not successful. Avoid non-neutral terminology like

3500: 2200:

template, using wikitext like the following as the entire content of the redirect page. For botany, the template is

1126:(classifications below subspecies) as well as those of hybrids and the like at higher levels, vary in their handling 635:

When used at all in running English, the unabbreviated Latin forms of all such terms are italicized as non-English (

652:

for this. An exception is "subspecies", which has been assimilated into English along with "genus" and "species".

4601: 3886: 3832: 3679: 2328: 2488:. This need not be done in a taxobox, which handles this automatically. Do not apply another stylization such as 4971:

here. Capitalizing common names against this consensus is likely to result in editwarring and be interpreted as

4550: 4511:, italics, or any other special markup. If it's unclear that something is an animal's name, rewrite to clarify: 4481: 3872:

primarily a factor of acceptance by multiple encyclopedias and governmental livestock regulation organizations).

153: 2853: 1556:

with formal cultivar names, and the capitalization is performed even where they do not contain proper names):

331: 3484:. Very few named populations of mongrels are notable, so coverage of them on Knowledge (XXG) is very limited. 3422:(or ecospecies) is a distinct wild population within a species (or genus), adapted to a specific environment. 3611: 2252:. (If it should be mentioned in the target page, and you have the materials for a source citation, consider 1226:

have one or more epithets styled following the rules above, plus the interpolated, non-italicized symbol "×"

254:, inasmuch as the different taxonomic codes do not conflict in problematic ways. These are set forth in the 4450: 4119: 3777: 3567: 3282: 3102:), which have a fiduciary interest in seeming like a more comprehensive breed list than competing works. 2647: 2504: 567:. In running text, use the descriptive term "cultivar group" for clarity, not ICNCP's styled symbols, e.g. 4303: 4135: 2779: 2764:

Some commonly cultivated mints are the peppermint, spearmint, bergamot, Corsican, garden and gray species.

829: 563:

is written in a scientific name as the capitalized symbol "Group" (or "Gp") when it follows a group name:

388:

capitalize the order and everything below it, including capitalizing the first letter of the species name

60: 4031:). Knowledge (XXG) is written for everyone, and is not aimed at professional plant and animal breeders. 2533:

There are standardized abbreviations for important botanists which should be used in botanical articles

825: 4980: 4933: 4929: 4432: 4394:

in the lead, because they are also the subject of the article, and should redirect to it. For example:

4131: 4087: 3330:, which vary in format by strain type. Our articles rarely need be so specific. For details, see the 3303:

of rodents, fruit flies, etc., are given in lower-case, though often contain capitalized proper names:

2948: 2877: 2615: 2267: 2182: 213: 68: 3563: 5140: 4957: 4794:, which would result in conflicting use of italics from article to article within the same category. 4299: 4204: 3735: 2511: 2253: 891:, even when not paired with a species or subspecies name, and whether given in full or abbreviated: 4754:

The zoological abbreviation "ssp." is obsolete inside a name, but is sometimes used with one, e.g.

4558: 4327: 4183: 4147: 3603: 3377: 2549: 2163:

Generally, do not wikilink different parts of epithets, e.g. to separate genus and species articles

1666: 3546:(in horticulture) are often applied to a landrace that has in recent times been more deliberately 2787: 2682: 2527:

in the article, give a full surname with at least one initial, when this information is available.

2336:. In the absence of such a source for a specific assumed usage, use normal descriptive text, e.g. 5120: 5023: 4872: 3547: 3362: 3276: 2441: 1553: 945: 249: 4013:

Jackson's cats have earned champion and grand champion ribbons in three registries' competitions

3880: 110:

of species and other groupings are lower case except where they contain a proper name. Names of

4497: 3899: 2783: 2007: 1638:

to prevent overcorrections of what will look like a typographic error to many reader-editors:

690:). The trailing "." is required in these, but not in some other interpolated symbols, such as 662:(and the difference between the two is important in botany). Subspecific botanical ranks (and 579:

to use "Group" (a style for use in a name, not in running English). While some sources do use

252:

of organisms are formatted on Knowledge (XXG) according to standardized taxonomic nomenclature

56: 3895: 3876: 3868: 3864: 3816:

So would treating the announcement of a breeding program as the establishment of a new breed

3099: 2051:

in the same second-level section (the lead, in this case, will be considered such a section).

51:

The proposal must not be taken to represent consensus, but is still in development and under

4834: 4589: 4372: 4284: 3718: 3397: 3389: 3300: 3090: 3081:

from such an organization. This may be a defined, named sub-breed or variant of a cultivar.

2437: 1778: 1592:, as doing so is not actually part of the scientific nomenclature of cultivated plants, and 1513:

are denoted by the abbreviations "kl." and "sk." respectively, not italicized or capitalized

1222: 1177: 1115: 1097: 746: 647: 366: 4976: 4925: 4009:

Most kennel clubs have hound groups, sometimes subdivided into scent- and tree-hound groups

3914: 3849: 3784: 3630:

Various marketing terms have been invented for attempts to establish new breeds, either by

3315:. Some populations have coded designations following particular prescribed formulae, e.g. 3219:). The official name of a competitive division at a fancier/breeder event is capitalized ( 3082: 1135:

of a genus or species name are not italicized; the resulting terms are also not capitalized

4826: 4532:

We generally do not add achievement titles or their abbreviations to the names of humans (

4389: 3879:, are not independent, and do not help establish notability, nor can they be used to give 3756: 3615: 3122: 2654: 2653:"MOS:COMMON" redirects here. For using vocabulary common to all varieties of English, see 2042:

The bi- or tri-nominal name may be abbreviated if the full version has occurred previously

1600:

The single quotation marks are not used in running text, only in the context of taxonomy:

1550:, are never italicized, and are given after the scientific name, in single quotation marks 1465: 1417: 1292: 1233: 598:

Avoid Latin versions of words for taxonomic ranks that differ from the English equivalents

576: 245: 4937: 4529:). Spayed/neutered animals are treated as their original complete sex for this purpose. 1581:, an interspecific-hybrid cultivar within a genus, which can be given more succinctly as 5082: 4465:. Fictional individual animals are subject to the same rules as fictional persons; see 3599:"breed from a developing country", "experimental new crossbreed", and many other things. 3506:

Do not use non-neutral "the" phrasing for such populations, but treat as a common noun:

1785:

This will ensure that A) the name is preceded by the interpolated prefix "+", then B) a

4850: 4635: 4593: 4501: 3687: 3574: 3409: 3385: 3370: 3359: 3355: 3118: 3078: 3054: 2990: 2579: 2478: 2242:

If the more specific name is not in fact mentioned in the more general target article,

1644:|Mishmiense Group|hide=y|reason=Both of these are properly capitalized per the ICNCP.}} 1617: 560: 500:) is also known misleadingly as the "desert lynx", but is not closely related to genus 339: 3710:

A labradoodle is a cross between a Labrador Retriever and any of several poodle breeds

3354:

for which we do not have reliable sources for controlled, selective breeding. Using "

3299:(very specific variety and strain/sub-variety, respectively, of flowerhorn cichlid). 44:

The following is a draft working towards a proposal for adoption as a Knowledge (XXG)

5165: 4729: 3631: 3529: 3393: 2595:

was described by Linnaeus with a circumscription that included species now placed in

2365: 2018: 1979: 1767: 1722: 1238:

template will take care of the formatting for you, for all of the cases listed below:

624:

The public garden features many well-labeled varieties and forms of flowering plants.

279: 146: 2778:. For the article title about the organism itself, prefer the longer version, e.g. 2546:

well-meaning but mistaken changes to such formatting by wrapping the authority in a

4878: 4540: 4533: 4526: 4508: 4380: 4195: 4187: 4179: 4155: 4071:, which defer to the Manual of Style on stylistic matters, but otherwise rely upon 4020: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3713: 3700: 3515: 3511: 3252: 3244: 3240: 3174: 3170: 3036: 2766:

If usage is heavily mixed in sources, usage on Knowledge (XXG) may vary, e.g. both

2759: 2755: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2523:

is permissible). If there is no author article to link to and the authority is not

2470:(e.g. species within a genus), either in the taxobox or in the body of the article. 2397: 2387: 2377: 2125: 2068: 1819: 1641: 1633: 1537: 1442: 1433: 1394: 1383: 1142: 776: 772: 610: 601: 584: 580: 572: 529: 525: 323: 315: 4467:

WP:Manual of Style/Writing about fiction § Characters and other fictional elements

3503:

has designated them "Domestic Shorthair" for their own internal registry purposes.

2678:. Exact formatting varies by context, but parentheses are the most common usage. 1598:(See ICN's formal declaration that such boldfacing is not part of the convention.) 5074: 5051: 4696: 4690: 4680: 4670: 4648: 4522: 4518: 4512: 4398: 4341: 4310: 4267: 4252: 4238: 4199: 4191: 4175: 4115: 4111: 4028: 4024: 4012: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3709: 3507: 3496: 3481: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3283: 3277: 3271: 3265: 3248: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3178: 3166: 3162: 3147: 3143: 3032: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2936: 2932: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2751: 2747: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2694: 2686: 2672: 2664: 2591: 2578: 2566: 2517:

Except in botany, avoid abbreviating any authors who are not notable and linked (

2449: 2404: 2345: 2337: 2110: 2098: 2056: 2013: 2004: 1907: 1893: 1886: 1870: 1794: 1748: 1736: 1699: 1691: 1676: 1647: 1624: 1601: 1582: 1571: 1564: 1557: 1516: 1484: 1340: 1277: 1259: 1247: 1208: 1194: 1184: 1153: 1146: 1101: 1081: 1071: 1061: 1045: 1031: 1017: 1007: 967: 960: 953: 910: 904: 898: 892: 853: 847: 792: 788: 742: 728: 717: 703: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 675: 671: 667: 636: 623: 568: 564: 550: 540: 518: 514: 495: 479: 461: 457: 453: 449: 437: 431: 419: 403: 390:(but not of subsequent words in the species name). This italicization convention 356: 352: 4884: 4364: 4029:

the CFA's Colorpoint Shorthair is a hybrid between the Siamese and another breed

3776:

Whether an alleged breed or cultivar should be included in Knowledge (XXG) is a

3704: 3270: 3062: 1541: 1326: 1159:. This should not be confused with such words when they are coincidentally used 358: 297: 172:

guidelines about how to consistently write biological prose in Knowledge (XXG),

4005:

the CFA 2015 Grand Champion in the Persian Group (Silver & Golden Division)

3913:

Websites of unclear authorship and without reputable publishers are most often

3634:

existing standardized breeds, or by fixing the traits of a landrace. The terms

1610:

section, below, for handling of cultivars and cultivar groups in running text.)

106:

above the rank of species, and italicize them from the rank of genus downward.

4151: 4016: 3731: 3695: 3114: 3107: 3085:

by non-notable breed clubs attempting to establish a new breed do not qualify.

3065:" in dog breeding, "fancier association" or "breed club" in cat breeding, etc. 3028: 2807:

Lower-case initial letters are used for each part of common (vernacular) names

2357: 1786: 1547: 1330: 1325:

Nothogenera are genus-level hybrids to which authorities have assigned unique

1312: 940: 392:

should only be used for virus infoboxes and otherwise within virology articles

4108:

is to add the general type of organism, uncapitalized and without parentheses

1393:

reasons. Avoid beginning sentences with this non-alphabetic character, as in

187:"ypography is a matter of editorial style and tradition not of nomenclature." 121:

This guideline describes Knowledge (XXG)'s stylistic conventions relating to

23: 5070: 3734:) or cultivar, treat it as any other standardized breed or cultivar, though 3190: 2297:

convention was settled upon in the middle 20th century. In such a case, use

1602:

cultivars such as Black Mission, Croisic, and Ventura produce reliable crops

1440:

uses the same style except lower-case, and preceded by the upper-case genus:

485: 357:

rats and mice are members of the family Muridae and the order Rodentia; the

1883:

Do not italicize terms that precede or follow a taxon name in general prose

3350:

The term "breed" should not be applied to landraces and other populations

3050:

Formal recognition as such by one or more notable organizations that are:

2685:, it is often helpful to give both, with or without the scientific name): 1759:

Avoid mentioning a trade designation if it is not important in the context

815:

by the English equivalents, such as "subspecies", "hybrid", or "variety".

488:(or garden asparagus), but a number of common ornamental plants including 4574: 4360: 4352: 3607: 3559: 3435: 3405: 3381: 3058: 2858: 2422: 2353: 1842: 1712: 1530: 1057: 293: 134: 130: 3993:

This also applies to organisms of indeterminate taxonomic identification

3215:), or are an integral part of the overall name of a standardized breed ( 3140:

is not capitalized, added to the article title, or boldfaced in the lead

1659:, below, for handling of cultivars and cultivar groups in running text.) 1141:

usages like "complex", "simplex", "species group", and "radiation"; and

4811:, metadata, and other reasons on Knowledge (XXG), so hair-spacing with 4570: 4449:

Most individual animals (wild, pet, or livestock) are not notable. See

4356: 4348: 4292:

template, which will auto-italicize as well as indicate the language).

4134:

can be used when two things by the same name would still collide, thus

3727: 3723: 3446:) populations, are never capitalized except where a proper name occurs. 3439: 3264: 2880:

from differently capitalized variants of the name to the actual article

2383: 1505: 1138: 933: 305: 265: 5137:

Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style § Animals, plants, and other organisms

4062:

Article titles are determined by a mixture of factors as discussed at

2094:

Aim for a balance between concision and clarity, favoring the latter.

1163:

species names, in which case they are, of course, italicized as such (

1145:

usages like "phagovar", "chemovar", "serovar", and "biovar". Example:

4331: 4159: 3906: 2993:

of animals, and formal cultivars and varieties of domesticated plants

2514:") is not helpful, unless you plan to create the author article next. 1773:(usually a portmanteau of the names of the parent genera or species) 122: 3808:

Knowledge (XXG) is not a repository for original thought or research

3650:

in the context of early, limited acceptance by breed organizations.

1818:

Avoid beginning sentences with this non-alphabetic character, as in

1814:

If for some reason you needed to do it manually, the code would be:

1646:

Where both appear, the group epithet precedes the cultivar epithet:

3532:

is capitalized only if standardized, or where a proper name occurs.

2386:(domesticated animal landraces and breeds are not subspecies); or 2315:, unless preserving the original style is important in the context. 2266:

Alternative (e.g. obsolete or disputed) scientific names should be

2159:; the article on the taxon can provide details about the namesake. 1094:

is italicized and placed in non-italic parentheses (round brackets)

196:

The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants

4517:

When an animal's sex is known, gendered pronouns are appropriate (

4376: 4322: 4225: 3791:

Knowledge (XXG) is not an indiscriminate collection of information

3787:: non-trivial coverage in multiple, independent, reliable sources. 3443: 2433: 2361: 2278:

template added to the redirect so that it is categorized properly.

2048:

at the start of the article, if it is the title of the article; or

881: 343: 142: 138: 126: 2995:(as recognized by major national or international organizations) 986:

Italicizing them is not permissible in most nomenclature codes.

771:, often not understood by readers who are not biologists), as in 4605: 4368: 4335: 3239:). Do not misuse compounded breed style for a non-breed, as in " 2467: 593:

for use of "group" and "Group" in the context of animal breeds.)

502: 351:

for animals, plants or bacteria (i.e., everything but viruses):

5102:

International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants

2346:

the Brussels sprout variant of the domesticated cabbage plant (

590: 271:

International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants

5050:

Brickell, C. D.; et al., eds. (October 2009). "Article 21.3".

4604:. The animal is notable because her story became a widespread 3366: 2308:

Do not include capitalization variants in the lead, if at all.

2030:

WP:Naming conventions (fauna)#Capitalisation and italicisation

809:

on mid-sentence misusage of scientific symbols more generally.

656:

It is conventional to abbreviate taxonomic ranks when used as

375: 88: 32: 2809:

of species, genera, families and all other taxonomic levels (

950:

They are never capitalized, even where based on a proper name

133:). Instructions with regard to animals usually also apply to 4142:. Otherwise, parenthetic disambiguation is usually used for 1997:. This italicization is purely typographic, not emphasizing. 162:

Knowledge (XXG)'s mission as a freely available encyclopedia

4110:, when it is not the primary topic for the name by itself: 4104:

The preferred way to disambiguate an article on an organism

3179:

The French pianist was traveling with a German Shepherd dog

2900:

Further information on vernacular names as article titles:

1867:

Do not italicize connecting terms interpolated into a taxon

1242:

If the hybrid does not have its own unique published name,

537:

These taxonomic rank designations are also never italicized

4956:

capitalize common names of species. This RfC can be found

2507:

taxonomist's Knowledge (XXG) article, at first occurrence.

2061:) is easily distinguishable from the red-fronted gazelle ( 2001:

Derived uses in non-biological contexts are not italicized

864:

in these constructions, to prevent awkward line-wrapping:

836:

whether given in full or abbreviated, is always italicized

575:" is both too ambiguous for our audience and prone to get 384:

For viruses, the recent formal convention is to italicize

2440:, for the accepted name of the taxon in question and any 2432:

At first occurrence in the biological article about that

2261:

Redirect from alternative scientific names and spellings.

984:(family, order, etc.) are capitalized but not italicized. 347:(or the rarely used supergenus) – family, order, etc. – 5053:

International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants

4862:

These author-and-date appendages are sometimes known as

4471:

Knowledge (XXG):Notability (books) § Derivative articles

3412:

are never capitalized except where a proper name occurs.

2171:; link to the most specific article or article section. 1744:''Choisya ternata'' {{tdes|Goldfingers}} 'Limo' 137:, and those with regard to plants usually also apply to 4950:

WP:Manual of Style#Animals, plants, and other organisms

4944:

against doing so. In 2012, an extensive discussion at

4853:. Do not mix both uses of parentheses in the same name. 4440: 3941:

of breeds or varieties, is always written in lower case

3342:

Ecotypes, landraces, natural breeds, and alleged breeds

2977: 2970: 2963: 2956: 2637: 2630: 2623: 235: 228: 221: 76: 5115:

Smith, Cynthia; Shimoyama, Mary, eds. (January 2016).

4634:

This guideline uses quotation marks, not italics, for

3093:

sources before the establishment of breed registries).

2742:. Avoid usages not usually found in sources, such as 2681:

If two common names are very prevalent, especially in

1948:''Rosa gymnocarpa'', ''R. roxburghii'', ''R. persica'' 1847:, and are not part of formal zoological nomenclature. 1483:

appear in an epithet, the former precedes the latter:

787:, only in scientific names and classifications. Thus: 2865:

Do not add such capitalization to any other category.

1729:, with no quotation marks, brackets or other markup: 1719:

capitalize it in title case and surround it with the

1656: 1607: 1181:

are preceded by "var." and italicized and lower-cased

723:

Other such terms receive the same treatment, such as

5117:

Guidelines for Nomenclature of Mouse and Rat Strains

4417:, which is itself monotypic within the mammal order 4057:

WP:Disambiguation#Naming the specific topic articles

3824:

WP:Knowledge (XXG) is not for things made up one day

3332:

Guidelines for Nomenclature of Mouse and Rat Strains

2454:

in 1820. Casey Z. Jones transferred it to the genus

2153:, e.g. to its geographical or other namesake, as in 2097:

The final element of the name is never abbreviated:

1552:, without brackets of any kind. This applies to all 1382:; do not use the hard-to-read unspaced style, as in 858:. You can use the non-breaking space character code 569:

some members of the cultivar group were reclassified

4888:, which all apply to organism names not to authors. 4742:

to the next available instance of the abbreviation.

4027:") outside those specific organizational contexts ( 3380:, in description of plants. Distinguish between a 2188:Another tactic, if an article on (in this example) 1869:, such as the label of an infrageneric name; thus: 931:Any lower (infrageneric) taxa are italicized, i.e. 511:

The words for taxonomic ranks are never capitalized

4870:), though this is an ambiguous term, also used in 4079:and other non-stylistic policies and guidelines. 4407:) is the only species within the monotypic genus 3491:for pedigree purposes or for naming a group as a 1323:and given with the interpolation "×" as a prefix. 285:International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes 4802: 4800: 3291:(broad groups of flowerhorn cichlid varieties), 3275:(color patterns, one containing a proper name), 2897:, which summarizes the above for casual editors. 2227:. For other organisms, use the generic template 1703:Penway Prelude gx (Penway Dancer Gp) 'Ballerina' 773:researchers have identified 22 ssp. in the genus 450:members of the order Chiroptera are chiropterans 5061:International Society for Horticultural Science 5043: 4513:Her dog, named X3, alerted her to the intruder. 4392:, also boldface any other of its monotypic taxa 3221:first place in the Light Siamese Sable Division 1217:if the variety is already clear in the context. 923:, when applicable, are treated the same way. A 700:Connecting terms are never italicized in a name 183: 3783:Plant and animal varieties are subject to the 2895:WP:Manual of Style/Capitalization#Common names 1961:Use plain typographic italicization wikimarkup 1954:''Rosa gymnocarpa, R. roxburghii, R. persica'' 1850: 1329:names, which are simply preceded by "×" and a 666:) are conventionally abbreviated in names as: 302:International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses 5071:uses straight quotation marks and apostrophes 4296:When the article title is the scientific name 4106:, that is not titled by its scientific name, 2556: 1479:Where both a hybrid name and a cultivar name 811:Conversely, symbols should never be replaced 626:More obscure botanical classifications, like 458:members of the family Orchidaceae are orchids 349:are always capitalized and are not italicized 257:International Code of Zoological Nomenclature 8: 4351:of plant that includes many common foods as 3848:Most material on "new breed" experiments is 2833:), except where they contain a proper name ( 2327:Scientific names, like other facts, must be 1904:Do not italicize taxonomic authority strings 1054:}) is a hybrid with its own independent name 591:§ General, vague, or indeterminate groupings 5032:(3rd ed.). London, UK: Edward Arnold Books. 4940:, etc.) over the years, none of which have 4713:" is the self-named variety of the species 4248:) is the most common gazelle of East Africa 3810:, about animals, plants, or anything else. 3211:, except where they contain a proper name ( 3138:(e.g. sheep, cat, pigeon, cabbage, orange) 2848:Previously, some editors had arrived at a " 1816:{{Nowrap|+ ''Crataegomespilus''}} 1696:Marie Lemon Stick grex Francis Suzuki Group 638: 627: 611: 603: 573:some members of the group were reclassified 5152:Knowledge (XXG):Naming conventions (flora) 5147:Knowledge (XXG):Naming conventions (fauna) 4612:her heroic, the public elevating her to a 4090:from competing names to the actual article 3924:General, vague, or indeterminate groupings 2554:template, or adding an HTML comment, e.g. 1885:, as they are not part of the name; thus: 424:belongs to the Betaherpesvirinae subfamily 5182:Knowledge (XXG) Manual of Style (science) 5177:Knowledge (XXG) style guideline proposals 4948:reaffirmed a 2008 site-wide consensus at 4705:, with no confusion as to the fact that " 3610:in some standards); a counter example is 3287:(general types of hybrid aquarium fish), 2571:(Engelm. ex A. Berger) Britton & Rose 2450:Morgan X. Smith described the species as 2313:typographic conformity even in quotations 2082:Other reasons to not abbreviate include: 1931:Do not independently italicize name parts 992:regarding viruses in a virology context.) 158:abandon this goal when it causes problems 4507:Do not put individual animals' names in 4025:short-haired breed with point coloration 3820:WP:Knowledge (XXG) is not a crystal ball 3061:" or "herdbook" in livestock breeding, " 2776:If in doubt, prefer clarity over brevity 2537:List of botanists by author abbreviation 2311:These should usually be lower-cased for 2026:To italicize display of an article title 1594:Knowledge (XXG) is not a plant guidebook 1317:(naturally occurring intergenus hybrid) 1128:, which is complex and highly specific: 698:; they are all covered in detail below. 660:in a scientific name or a classification 454:members of the family Muridae are murids 400:write for broad not narrow understanding 5015: 4624: 4413:, which is monotypic within the family 4143: 3057:organization. Exact terms vary, e.g. " 2416:This taxonomic authority string –as in 2005:The largest of the Tyrannosauridae was 1525:. The "." is included in these symbols. 1339:) between the "×" and the hybrid name: 1246:(preferably non-breaking on the left): 1000:that are not names but terms or symbols 867:''N. v. piaropicola'' 484:provides not only the common vegetable 4910:was discovered by an oil sands miner. 4001:the Canadian Kennel Club's Hound Group 3716:. This also applies to wild–domestic 3606:, and the Traditional Siamese (a.k.a. 3077:A formal conformation definition in a 2663:when the scientific name is relevant: 2374:an assumed scientific name of any kind 2368:", this is rarely an ambiguity issue. 1943:Italicize names in series individually 889:) is always italicized and capitalized 581:members of the Group were reclassified 129:(flora), and other organisms (such as 5073:, which also serve a markup purpose; 4755: 4750: 4748: 4553:concern, addressed more generally at 4224:When a common (vernacular) name of a 3943:(except where a proper name occurs): 3320: 3316: 3163:her Siamese was a GCCF Grand Champion 3113:Standardized breeds that have become 3046:clearly demonstrate at least one of: 2859:specifically deprecates this practice 2417: 1775:should be capitalized and put in the 1717:(a.k.a. trade name or selling name), 970:Notophthalmus viridescens piaropicola 789:identified 22 subspecies in the genus 7: 4946:Knowledge (XXG) talk:Manual of Style 3989:Northern European short-tailed sheep 3769: 3512:The domestic short-haired cat is ... 3402: 3167:they prefer Taroccos to Sanguinellos 2181:, and this method is preferred over 1321:(no lower than the subgenus level), 1285:Prionailurus bengalensis bengalensis 807:WP:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers 559:. The horticultural designation of 314:. Avoid pedantic insertions, as in 4849:more commonly used around names of 4555:WP:Naming conventions (use English) 3803:Verifiability and original research 3589:treated the same as other cultivars 3499:, even if an organization like the 3153: 3128: 2929:Knowledge (XXG)'s hyphenation rules 2510:Linking to a nonexistent article (" 2484: 1671:(horticultural, artificial hybrid) 1570:, each cultivars within a species; 760:should not be used in general prose 739:should be wikilinked to the article 353:bats belong to the order Chiroptera 3929:The collective term for a natural 3894:Breed and cultivar encyclopedias ( 3508:A domestic short-haired cat is ... 3493:legally protected feral population 3289:luohan and golden base flowerhorns 2274:R from alternative scientific name 1922:have been combined under subgenus 1657:§ Breeds, cultivars, and varieties 1608:§ Breeds, cultivars, and varieties 587:" is wrong regardless of context. 476:except in the context of taxonomy. 31: 4166:R from alternative disambiguation 4035:Article titles and disambiguation 3654:(covered above) is too ambiguous. 3189:Colors, coat patterns, and other 2886:R from alternative capitalization 2301:R from alternative capitalization 1590:do not do this in Knowledge (XXG) 737:. The first occurrence in a page 539:, even inside a scientific name: 5157:Category:Biological nomenclature 4977:Knowledge (XXG) is not a soapbox 4260:are fishes that form the family 4053:WP:Article titles#Disambiguation 3869:analyze, evaluate, and interpret 3766:Sourcing of breeds and cultivars 3175:she has a Labrador Retriever dog 2943:Breeds, cultivars, and varieties 2103:) is a subspecies of gray wolf ( 1175:Recognized, naturally occurring 952:(except for viruses). Examples: 741:on that taxonomic rank or term: 92: 36: 5172:Knowledge (XXG) draft proposals 4588:. Care must be taken to avoid 4219:WP:Manual of Style/Lead section 3973:long-haired breed group section 3678:The name of a new breed with a 3070:cultivar registration authority 2798:?") is not helpful to readers. 2270:to the actual article, and the 2219:. For zoology, the template is 1124:infrasubspecific terms and taxa 842:, such as connecting terms and 644:); preferably use the template 474:(unless a proper name occurs), 396:be consistent within an article 166:Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style 18:Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style 5011:References and further reading 3646:are common and neutral, as is 3588: 3272:albino and Mojave ball pythons 2683:different varieties of English 2436:; this is usually done in the 1403:is a cross between the genera 1018:the chaussie is a hybrid cat ( 264:) for animals and animal-like 55:, and has not yet reached the 1: 4942:changed the general consensus 4068:WP:Naming conventions (flora) 4064:WP:Naming conventions (fauna) 4049:WP:Naming conventions (flora) 4045:WP:Naming conventions (fauna) 3516:The Domestic Shorthair is ... 3378:overused, in conflicting ways 3171:his cat is a Norwegian Forest 2906:WP:Naming conventions (flora) 2902:WP:Naming conventions (fauna) 4455:general notability guideline 4228:is used as the article title 4132:Parenthetical disambiguation 3797:populations of domesticates. 3785:general notability guideline 3542:(for animals) and sometimes 3136:The general kind of organism 2249:'']'' var. ''guatemalensis'' 2246:link only part of the name: 1098:botanical genus section name 989: 420:within Herpesviridae, genus 168:, this is a set of internal 4807:problematic for searching, 4202: 4140:Black Hereford (crossbreed) 4122:, and is preferred by both 4021:shorthair, colorpoint breed 3884: 3817: 3591:, and is not the same as a 3373:, and originating in ...". 3351: 3317:SC-Tg(EGFP)/Rrrc-ES1234/Kyo 3151: 3126: 3029:basic English grammar rules 2911:Compounding and hyphenation 2698:(cavies a.k.a. guinea pigs) 2534: 2223:R animal with possibilities 2028:with a taxonomic term, see 1851:§ Common (vernacular) names 1848: 1654: 1605: 1597: 1480: 1341:Crosses between the genera 1167:being a common case, as in 987: 804: 793:a hybrid of the wild boar ( 619: 588: 5198: 5077:can be rendered here with 4430: 4216: 4038: 3183:Keep accessibility in mind 3173:, which is confusing, nor 2946: 2899: 2892: 2652: 2645: 2613: 2231:R taxon with possibilities 2214:R plant with possibilities 2204:R plant with possibilities 1936:''Ambystoma'' ''tigrinum'' 1319:is italicized, capitalized 571:, since the construction " 436:is a species in the genus 292:), for all other kinds of 211: 66: 4763:Prionailurus bengalensis 3933:of species, domesticated 3497:domestic short-haired cat 2608:Common (vernacular) names 2286:sources, from before the 637:It was reclassified as a 108:Common (vernacular) names 4983:of topical style quirks. 4200:Asturian Mountain cattle 4170:on such redirect pages. 3703:", which typically have 3229:domestic long-haired cat 2687:the guinea pig or cavy ( 2017:is an album by the band 1841:The vernacular names of 1063:Eschscholzia californica 797:) and the domestic pig ( 769:over-use of abbreviation 492:(climbing asparagus) ... 373:) are both in the genus 100:This page in a nutshell: 5030:Biological Nomenclature 4300:Knowledge (XXG):Pop-ups 4100:on the redirect pages. 4096:R from alternative name 3757:Citrus taxonomy#Hybrids 3714:The Labradoodle is ... 3612:old German herding dogs 3376:"Variety" is similarly 2890:on the redirect pages. 2403:(the proper epithet is 2322:Sources and authorities 2198:redirect categorization 1148:Drosophila tumiditarsus 849:Liriodendron tulipifera 5048: 4928:and other debates (at 4757:Felis silvestris catus 4304:Google Knowledge Graph 4136:Black Hereford (breed) 4120:natural disambiguation 3965:a spitz-type dog breed 3915:user-generated content 3148:American Quarter Horse 3108:ancient Roman war dogs 2780:Badlands bighorn sheep 2724:African forest buffalo 1994:R. persica</em: --> 1828:is a graft chimera of 1651:Italica Gp 'Calabrese' 968:the peninsula newt is 961:all modern humans are 938:and (when applicable) 639: 632:, are not translated. 628: 612: 604: 326:Felis silvestris catus 300:; and the code of the 191: 154:when this is practical 5065:Scripta Horticulturae 4736:{{abbr|var.|variety}} 4695:must clearly precede 4007:; but not otherwise ( 3997:some kind of antelope 2445:names in its taxobox. 2149:misleadingly wikilink 2073:specimen survived an 1973:R. persica</i: --> 1853:, below, for details. 1795:The graft chimera of 1694:Rhynchosophrocattleya 1615:A domesticated plant 1276:subspecific example: 1249:Cattleya warscewiczii 1155:Staphyloccocus aureus 1086:, a zebra subspecies. 1083:Equus quagga borensis 956:Liriodendron chinense 846:, as detailed below: 799:Sus scrofa domesticus 783:Sus scrofa domesticus 466:are cytomegaloviruses 462:members of the genus 338:The names of taxa at 316:flavored with thyme ( 278:), which also covers 5063:(ISHS). p. 25 – via 5028:Jeffrey, C. (1989). 4328:Mediterranean region 4272:are a large family ( 4192:Silver Marten rabbit 4118:. This is known as 3564:Old English Sheepdog 3459:St. John's water dog 3313:shaking rat Kawasaki 3284:blood parrot cichlid 3144:Norwegian Forest cat 2831:red-winged blackbird 1789:character (coded as 1732:{{tdes|Goldfingers}} 1626:Rhododendron boothii 1372:Amaryllis belladonna 1260:a hybrid "wolfdog" ( 1207:can be shortened to 927:is only capitalized. 418:, but otherwise use 5042:More specifically: 4969:strongly deprecated 4790:and some under the 4559:Snowflake (gorilla) 4334:, and southwestern 4184:Algerian Arab sheep 4148:Snowflake (gorilla) 4077:WP:Reliable sources 4023:" for the clearer " 3604:Traditional Persian 3593:traditional variety 3544:traditional variety 3253:light-Siamese-sable 3247:versus the clearer 3213:light Siamese sable 3209:are not capitalized 3037:Indian Country-Bred 3033:Indian Country-bred 2991:standardized breeds 2503:Link directly to a 2129:is a subspecies of 2057:Thomson's gazelle ( 1861:Notes about italics 1680:Hardyana grex is a 1554:domesticated plants 1546:are capitalized in 1358:; the nothospecies 1183:like a subspecies: 1178:botanical varieties 975:Human herpesvirus-5 946:infraspecific names 324:bitten by her cat ( 5121:Jackson Laboratory 5075:''s-Hertogenbosch' 5024:nomenclature codes 4873:nomina conservanda 4668: 4586:in a human context 4544: 4536: 4427:Individual animals 4320:, is a species of 4245:Eudorcas thomsonii 4144:individual animals 3841:Source reliability 3644:experimental breed 3467:Grenada pigeon pea 3356:standardized breed 3301:Laboratory strains 3278:flowerhorn cichlid 3013:Labrador Retriever 2870:WP:Requested moves 2835:Przewalski's horse 2819:bottlenose dolphin 2777: 2756:pronghorn antelope 2716:Przewalski's horse 2708:marbled salamander 2486:...</small: --> 2254:adding it yourself 2156:''Liriodendron ]'' 2127:Canis lupus arctos 2101:Canis lupus arctos 2059:Eudorcas thomsonii 2037:Abbreviating names 1568:'Golden Delicious' 1349:are classified as 1279:Felis lybica catus 1186:Escobaria vivipara 1004:are not italicized 954:the tulip tree is 909:, and the "E." in 781:) × domestic pig ( 526:the animal Kingdom 515:the animal kingdom 490:Asparagus plumosus 188: 46:policy, guideline, 4912:Bacillus safensis 4666: 4661:is technically a 4608:, with the press 4598:original research 4582:encyclopedic tone 4542: 4534: 4498:Lucy (chimpanzee) 4490:WP:Disambiguation 4486:WP:Article titles 4478:WP:Article titles 4344:Brassica oleracea 4318:common grape vine 4240:Thomson's gazelle 4196:Asturian Mountain 4128:WP:Disambiguation 4124:WP:Article titles 4116:Black Iberian pig 4073:WP:Article titles 4041:WP:Article titles 3945:New World monkeys 3900:coffee-table book 3648:provisional breed 3390:taxonomic variety 3241:domestic longhair 3217:British Shorthair 2784:Turkmen wild goat 2775: 2584: 2525:cited as a source 2406:Brassica oleracea 2401:'Brussels Sprout' 2399:Brassica oleracea 2389:Brassica oleracea 2348:Brassica oleracea 2342:) of the Van type 2151:a scientific name 2099:the arctic wolf ( 1987:{{em|R. persica}} 1713:trade designation 1649:Brassica oleracea 1092:interpolated name 944:and other formal 855:N. v. piaropicola 765:jargonistic style 730:Puccinia graminis 433:Influenza A virus 414:Betaherpesvirinae 186: 156:, but explicitly 119: 118: 87: 86: 22:(Redirected from 5189: 5125: 5124: 5112: 5106: 5097: 5091: 5089: 5088:s-Hertogenbosch' 5087: 5081: 5076: 5069:Knowledge (XXG) 5068: 5058: 5040: 5034: 5033: 5026:are compared in 5020: 5005: 5001: 4995: 4991: 4985: 4921: 4915: 4904: 4898: 4895: 4889: 4860: 4854: 4846: 4840: 4838: 4830: 4822: 4821: 4816: 4815: 4804: 4795: 4776: 4770: 4768: 4767: 4761: 4758: 4752: 4743: 4741: 4737: 4734:template, e.g.: 4733: 4724: 4718: 4704: 4694: 4692:Saxifraga aizoon 4688: 4682:Saxifraga aizoon 4678: 4660: 4650:Saxifraga aizoon 4645: 4639: 4629: 4590:anthropomorphism 4545: 4538: 4537:Laurence Olivier 4528: 4524: 4520: 4514: 4463:reliable sources 4443: 4422: 4405:Orycteropus afer 4383: 4373:Brussels sprouts 4338: 4326:, native to the 4291: 4277: 4264: 4249: 4208: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4181: 4180:Akhal-Teke horse 4177: 4169: 4117: 4113: 4112:Andalusian horse 4099: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3990: 3986: 3985:Brussels sprouts 3982: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3937:of organism, or 3896:tertiary sources 3890: 3887:WP:Pseudoscience 3827: 3715: 3711: 3548:selectively bred 3517: 3513: 3509: 3498: 3483: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3442:(including most 3410:biological races 3367:domesticated dog 3353: 3329: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3285: 3279: 3273: 3267: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3157: 3149: 3145: 3131: 3100:tertiary sources 3083:Self-publication 3044:reliable sources 3038: 3034: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3017:Golden Retriever 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2997:are capitalized. 2980: 2973: 2966: 2959: 2938: 2934: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2889: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2699: 2692: 2677: 2670: 2640: 2633: 2626: 2604: 2585: 2583:Adl et al., 2005 2582: 2573: 2572: 2557: 2553: 2540: 2522: 2521: 2493: 2492: 2487: 2482: 2459: 2427: 2426: 2409: 2402: 2395: 2381: 2351: 2343: 2338:a domestic cat ( 2333:reliable sources 2304: 2277: 2251: 2250: 2234: 2226: 2218: 2217: 2207: 2180: 2179: 2170: 2169: 2158: 2157: 2133: 2123: 2108: 2078: 2066: 2021: 2011: 1996: 1995: 1989: 1988: 1975: 1974: 1968: 1967: 1956: 1955: 1950: 1949: 1938: 1937: 1927: 1921: 1914: 1899: 1891: 1878: 1854: 1837: 1827: 1826: 1825:Crataegomespilus 1823: 1817: 1813: 1811: 1810: 1809:Crataegomespilus 1807: 1792: 1782: 1756: 1754: 1746: 1745: 1740: 1739: 1734: 1733: 1726: 1708:When mentioning 1704: 1697: 1689: 1660: 1652: 1645: 1637: 1629: 1628:Mishmiense Group 1611: 1603: 1599: 1587: 1580: 1569: 1562: 1559:Persea americana 1524: 1497: 1495: 1494: 1491: 1482: 1475: 1474: 1473: 1454: 1453: 1452: 1449: 1426: 1425: 1412: 1402: 1401: 1398: 1388: 1381: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1366: 1365: 1362: 1357: 1356: 1353: 1338: 1337: 1305: 1304: 1287: 1286: 1283: 1280: 1271: 1269: 1268:C. l. familiaris 1266: 1263: 1257: 1256: 1253: 1250: 1237: 1216: 1206: 1196:Saxifraga aizoon 1192: 1158: 1151: 1137:. These include 1113: 1085: 1079: 1069: 1055: 1043: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1021: 1015: 993: 972: 965: 958: 914: 908: 902: 896: 869: 868: 863: 862: 857: 851: 844:infrasubspecfics 838:, not including 810: 802: 790: 786: 774: 752: 744:Saxifraga aizoon 736: 722: 715: 705:Saxifraga aizoon 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 658:connecting terms 651: 643: 642: 631: 625: 621: 617: 615: 608: 607: 594: 586: 582: 574: 570: 566: 565:Mishmiense Group 558: 552:Saxifraga aizoon 548: 534: 527: 523: 516: 506: 493: 467: 459: 455: 451: 441: 439:Influenzavirus A 435: 425: 417: 379: 367:Macedonian mouse 354: 329: 321: 304:(ICTV code) for 246:Scientific names 238: 231: 224: 208:Scientific names 203: 164:. Like all of 104:scientific names 96: 95: 89: 79: 40: 39: 33: 27: 5197: 5196: 5192: 5191: 5190: 5188: 5187: 5186: 5162: 5161: 5133: 5128: 5114: 5113: 5109: 5098: 5094: 5085: 5079: 5078: 5056: 5049: 5041: 5037: 5027: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5008: 5002: 4998: 4992: 4988: 4922: 4918: 4905: 4901: 4896: 4892: 4861: 4857: 4851:cultivar groups 4847: 4843: 4832: 4824: 4819: 4818: 4813: 4812: 4805: 4798: 4777: 4773: 4762: 4759: 4756: 4753: 4746: 4739: 4735: 4727: 4725: 4721: 4646: 4642: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4580:As a matter of 4567:Copito de Nieve 4551:WP:Common names 4509:quotation marks 4482:WP:Common names 4447: 4446: 4439: 4435: 4429: 4415:Orycteropodidae 4390:monotypic taxon 4288: 4282: 4221: 4215: 4163: 4126:policy and the 4093: 4059: 4037: 3926: 3877:primary sources 3863:, independent, 3842: 3804: 3773: 3768: 3625: 3616:German Shepherd 3533: 3447: 3413: 3344: 3249:chocolate-point 3233:heavy warmblood 3225:Exotic Longhair 3123:Norfolk Trotter 3053:For animals, a 2984: 2983: 2976: 2969: 2962: 2955: 2951: 2945: 2913: 2908: 2898: 2883: 2850:local consensus 2804: 2794:("Turkmen wild 2760:Mexican oregano 2752:redbrush lippia 2740:pennyroyal mint 2696:Cavia porcellus 2689:Cavia porcellus 2674:Thymus vulgaris 2667:Thymus vulgaris 2658: 2655:MOS:COMMONALITY 2651: 2644: 2643: 2636: 2629: 2622: 2618: 2610: 2570: 2555: 2547: 2519: 2518: 2490: 2489: 2476: 2466:of subordinate 2421: 2408:Gemmifera Group 2379:Felis catus van 2324: 2298: 2271: 2248: 2247: 2228: 2220: 2211: 2209: 2201: 2177: 2176: 2167: 2166: 2155: 2154: 2144: 2039: 1992: 1991: 1986: 1985: 1980:semantic markup 1971: 1970: 1965: 1964: 1953: 1952: 1947: 1946: 1935: 1934: 1919: 1912: 1863: 1824: 1821: 1820: 1815: 1808: 1805: 1804: 1790: 1776: 1750:Choisya ternata 1743: 1742: 1731: 1730: 1720: 1682:C. warscewiczii 1639: 1631: 1573:Malus domestica 1566:Malus domestica 1492: 1489: 1488: 1471: 1463: 1461: 1457: 1456: 1450: 1447: 1446: 1423: 1415: 1414: 1399: 1396: 1395: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1363: 1360: 1359: 1354: 1351: 1350: 1335: 1334: 1302: 1298: 1290: 1289: 1284: 1281: 1278: 1267: 1264: 1261: 1254: 1251: 1248: 1231: 1143:bacteriological 1073:Bacillus cereus 1025: 1022: 1019: 1013:novaeseelandiae 866: 865: 860: 859: 832:scientific name 821: 725:forma specialis 645: 629:forma specialis 498:Caracal caracal 464:Cytomegalovirus 422:Cytomegalovirus 412:belongs to the 410:Cytomegalovirus 371:Mus macedonicus 340:taxonomic ranks 318:Thymus vulgaris 242: 241: 234: 227: 220: 216: 210: 205: 193: 189: 93: 83: 82: 75: 71: 37: 29: 28: 21: 20: 12: 11: 5: 5195: 5193: 5185: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5164: 5163: 5160: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5126: 5107: 5092: 5035: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5006: 4996: 4986: 4966: 4955: 4916: 4899: 4890: 4855: 4841: 4796: 4771: 4744: 4719: 4663:classification 4640: 4636:words as words 4623: 4621: 4618: 4615: 4611: 4594:Scarlett (cat) 4587: 4563:Floquet de Neu 4541:Walter Lindrum 4502:Darley Arabian 4445: 4444: 4436: 4431: 4428: 4425: 4424: 4423: 4385: 4384: 4339: 4313:Vitis vinifera 4286: 4279: 4278: 4265: 4250: 4214: 4211: 4036: 4033: 3925: 3922: 3921: 3920: 3919: 3918: 3911: 3903: 3892: 3873: 3857: 3850:self-published 3843: 3840: 3838: 3837: 3836: 3829: 3814: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3799: 3798: 3794: 3788: 3774: 3771: 3767: 3764: 3763: 3762: 3761: 3760: 3692: 3688:breed standard 3684:self-published 3676: 3673:Designer breed 3670: 3655: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3620: 3619: 3600: 3596: 3571: 3556: 3552: 3534: 3527: 3525: 3524: 3523: 3519: 3504: 3485: 3475: 3474: 3473: 3448: 3434: 3432: 3431: 3430: 3423: 3414: 3404: 3386:cultivar group 3371:pointing group 3343: 3340: 3261: 3245:chocolatepoint 3154:Disambiguation 3119:Alpine Mastiff 3095: 3094: 3086: 3079:breed standard 3075: 3074: 3073: 3068:For plants, a 3066: 3055:breed registry 2982: 2981: 2974: 2967: 2960: 2952: 2947: 2944: 2941: 2912: 2909: 2866: 2823:mountain maple 2803: 2802:Capitalization 2800: 2797: 2712:Dahurian thyme 2676:(common thyme) 2665:common thyme ( 2642: 2641: 2634: 2631:MOS:VERNACULAR 2627: 2624:MOS:COMMONNAME 2619: 2614: 2609: 2606: 2580:Archaeplastida 2543: 2542: 2528: 2515: 2508: 2485:<small: --> 2472: 2471: 2460: 2446: 2372:do not make up 2323: 2320: 2319: 2318: 2317: 2316: 2309: 2283: 2279: 2258: 2257: 2245: 2240: 2236: 2186: 2143: 2140: 2111:subspecies of 2092: 2091: 2087: 2053: 2052: 2049: 2038: 2035: 2034: 2033: 2023: 1998: 1966:''R. persica'' 1958: 1940: 1928: 1901: 1880: 1862: 1859: 1858: 1857: 1856: 1855: 1838: 1762: 1706: 1661: 1630:; you can use 1618:cultivar group 1612: 1586:'Granny Smith' 1579:'Granny Smith' 1526: 1501: 1500: 1499: 1477: 1469: 1459: 1428: 1421: 1368:memoria-corsii 1307: 1300: 1296: 1275: 1218: 1172: 1169:Acacia simplex 1162: 1119: 1087: 998:Interpolations 994: 978: 928: 873:In particular: 840:interpolations 820: 817: 814: 758:These symbols 585:cultivar Group 577:hypercorrected 561:cultivar group 393: 387: 240: 239: 232: 225: 217: 212: 209: 206: 185: 182: 117: 116: 113: 109: 105: 97: 85: 84: 81: 80: 72: 67: 64: 50: 41: 30: 15: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5194: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5169: 5167: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5142: 5138: 5135: 5134: 5130: 5122: 5118: 5111: 5108: 5104: 5103: 5096: 5093: 5084: 5072: 5066: 5062: 5055: 5054: 5047: 5039: 5036: 5031: 5025: 5019: 5016: 5010: 5000: 4997: 4990: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4970: 4964: 4959: 4953: 4951: 4947: 4943: 4939: 4935: 4931: 4927: 4920: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4906:For example, 4903: 4900: 4894: 4891: 4887: 4886: 4881: 4880: 4875: 4874: 4869: 4865: 4859: 4856: 4852: 4845: 4842: 4836: 4828: 4810: 4809:accessibility 4803: 4801: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4788: 4783: 4782: 4775: 4772: 4766: 4751: 4749: 4745: 4731: 4723: 4720: 4716: 4712: 4708: 4703: 4699: 4693: 4687: 4683: 4677: 4673: 4664: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4644: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4628: 4625: 4619: 4617: 4613: 4609: 4607: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4591: 4585: 4583: 4578: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4547: 4530: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4503: 4499: 4494: 4491: 4487: 4483: 4479: 4474: 4472: 4468: 4464: 4460: 4456: 4452: 4451:WP:Notability 4442: 4438: 4437: 4434: 4426: 4420: 4419:Tubulidentata 4416: 4412: 4411: 4406: 4402: 4397: 4396: 4395: 4393: 4391: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4370: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4345: 4340: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4324: 4319: 4315: 4314: 4309: 4308: 4307: 4306:). Examples: 4305: 4301: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4275: 4274:Staphylinidae 4271: 4266: 4263: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4246: 4241: 4237: 4236: 4235: 4233: 4229: 4227: 4220: 4212: 4210: 4206: 4188:Silver Marten 4185: 4171: 4167: 4161: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4091: 4089: 4083: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4069: 4065: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4034: 4032: 4018: 3994: 3981:blood oranges 3961:mountain dogs 3942: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3923: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3888: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3846: 3844: 3839: 3834: 3830: 3825: 3821: 3815: 3812: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3801: 3795: 3792: 3789: 3786: 3782: 3781: 3779: 3778:WP:Notability 3775: 3770: 3765: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3720: 3706: 3702: 3701:designer dogs 3698: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3674: 3671: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3640:developmental 3637: 3633: 3632:crossbreeding 3629: 3628: 3627: 3622: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3577: 3572: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3540:natural breed 3537: 3536: 3535: 3531: 3530:natural breed 3526: 3520: 3505: 3502: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3482:Kiger mustang 3479: 3476: 3471: 3470: 3455: 3451: 3450: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3428: 3424: 3421: 3417: 3416: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3401: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3374: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3361: 3357: 3348: 3341: 3339: 3337: 3333: 3328: 3324: 3302: 3286: 3280: 3274: 3269:(trademark), 3268: 3259: 3256: 3227:; non-breed: 3210: 3194: 3192: 3186: 3184: 3159: 3155: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3130: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3111: 3109: 3103: 3101: 3092: 3087: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3071: 3067: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3051: 3049: 3048: 3047: 3045: 3040: 3030: 3001:Manx Loaghtan 2998: 2994: 2992: 2989:The names of 2986: 2979: 2975: 2972: 2968: 2965: 2961: 2958: 2954: 2953: 2950: 2942: 2940: 2937:howler monkey 2930: 2910: 2907: 2903: 2896: 2891: 2887: 2881: 2879: 2873: 2871: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2855: 2851: 2846: 2843:Roosevelt elk 2808: 2801: 2799: 2795: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2772:bighorn sheep 2744:seahorse fish 2706: 2701: 2697: 2690: 2684: 2679: 2675: 2668: 2662: 2656: 2649: 2648:WP:COMMONNAME 2639: 2635: 2632: 2628: 2625: 2621: 2620: 2617: 2612: 2607: 2605: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2587: 2581: 2575: 2569: 2568:Acanthocereus 2563: 2559: 2551: 2538: 2532: 2529: 2526: 2516: 2513: 2509: 2506: 2502: 2501: 2500: 2499: 2495: 2480: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2430: 2429: 2424: 2420: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2400: 2394: 2390: 2385: 2380: 2375: 2373: 2367: 2366:type specimen 2363: 2359: 2355: 2349: 2341: 2335: 2334: 2330: 2321: 2314: 2310: 2307: 2306: 2302: 2296: 2294: 2290: 2284: 2280: 2275: 2269: 2265: 2264: 2263: 2262: 2255: 2243: 2241: 2237: 2232: 2224: 2215: 2205: 2199: 2195: 2194:guatemalensis 2191: 2187: 2184: 2174: 2173: 2172: 2164: 2160: 2152: 2150: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2132: 2128: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2106: 2102: 2095: 2088: 2085: 2084: 2083: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2064: 2060: 2050: 2047: 2046: 2045: 2043: 2036: 2031: 2027: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2010: 2009: 2002: 1999: 1983: 1981: 1962: 1959: 1944: 1941: 1932: 1929: 1925: 1920:(Fourr.) Juz. 1918: 1915:and subgenus 1911: 1905: 1902: 1897: 1890: 1884: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1868: 1865: 1864: 1860: 1852: 1846: 1844: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1802: 1798: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1772: 1770: 1769: 1768:graft chimera 1763: 1760: 1751: 1728: 1724: 1716: 1715: 1714: 1707: 1702: 1695: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1674: 1670: 1669: 1668: 1662: 1658: 1650: 1643: 1635: 1627: 1622: 1620: 1619: 1613: 1609: 1595: 1591: 1585: 1578: 1577:M. sylvestris 1574: 1567: 1560: 1555: 1551: 1549: 1543: 1539: 1538:horticultural 1535: 1533: 1532: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1514: 1512: 1508: 1507: 1502: 1487: 1478: 1467: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1436: 1435: 1429: 1419: 1410: 1406: 1392: 1391:accessibility 1387: 1378:Crinum moorei 1369: 1348: 1344: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1315: 1314: 1308: 1294: 1273: 1245: 1241: 1240: 1239: 1235: 1227: 1225: 1224: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1191: 1187: 1182: 1180: 1179: 1173: 1170: 1166: 1160: 1156: 1150:species group 1149: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1134: 1130: 1129: 1127: 1125: 1120: 1117: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1099: 1095: 1093: 1088: 1084: 1078: 1074: 1068: 1064: 1059: 1053: 1049: 1042: 1038: 1037:Sibbaldiopsis 1034: 1014: 1010: 1005: 1001: 999: 995: 991: 985: 983: 979: 976: 971: 964: 957: 951: 947: 943: 942: 937: 936: 935: 929: 926: 925:genus section 922: 918: 913: 907: 901: 895: 890: 888: 884: 883: 877: 876: 875: 874: 870: 856: 850: 845: 841: 837: 833: 831: 827: 818: 816: 812: 808: 800: 796: 784: 780: 777:a wild boar ( 770: 766: 762: 761: 755: 751: 748: 745: 740: 735: 731: 726: 720: 714: 710: 706: 701: 665: 661: 659: 653: 649: 641: 633: 630: 620:see next item 614: 606: 599: 595: 592: 578: 562: 557: 553: 547: 543: 538: 533: 522: 512: 508: 505: 504: 499: 496:The caracal ( 491: 487: 483: 477: 473: 469: 465: 447: 443: 440: 434: 427: 423: 415: 411: 407: 406:Herpesviridae 401: 397: 391: 389: 385: 381: 378: 377: 372: 368: 364: 360: 350: 346: 345: 341: 335: 333: 327: 319: 313: 309: 307: 303: 299: 295: 291: 287: 286: 281: 280:cyanobacteria 277: 273: 272: 267: 263: 259: 258: 253: 251: 247: 237: 233: 230: 226: 223: 219: 218: 215: 207: 204: 201: 197: 194:– "Preface", 190: 181: 177: 175: 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 150: 148: 147:cyanobacteria 144: 140: 136: 132: 128: 124: 111: 107: 103: 101: 98: 91: 90: 78: 77:MOS:ORGANISMS 74: 73: 70: 65: 62: 59:of gathering 58: 54: 49: 47: 42: 35: 34: 25: 24:MOS:ORGANISMS 19: 5116: 5110: 5100: 5095: 5064: 5052: 5044: 5038: 5029: 5018: 4999: 4989: 4961: 4919: 4911: 4908:Borealopelta 4907: 4902: 4893: 4883: 4879:nomina dubia 4877: 4871: 4867: 4863: 4858: 4844: 4820:&hairsp; 4791: 4785: 4779: 4774: 4764: 4722: 4714: 4710: 4706: 4701: 4697: 4691: 4685: 4681: 4675: 4671: 4662: 4657: 4653: 4649: 4643: 4631: 4627: 4602:unverifiable 4579: 4566: 4562: 4548: 4531: 4519:she/her/hers 4516: 4506: 4495: 4475: 4454: 4448: 4418: 4414: 4409: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4387: 4386: 4381:Chinese kale 4355:, including 4343: 4342: 4321: 4317: 4312: 4311: 4295: 4294: 4280: 4276:) of beetles 4273: 4270:rove beetles 4269: 4262:Terapontidae 4261: 4258:tigerperches 4257: 4253: 4244: 4243: 4239: 4232:lead section 4223: 4222: 4213:Lead section 4172: 4158:redirect to 4156:Poodle (dog) 4130:guideline. 4107: 4103: 4102: 4085: 4084: 4080: 4061: 4060: 3992: 3953:rove beetles 3938: 3934: 3930: 3928: 3927: 3881:undue weight 3867:sources can 3753:Felid hybrid 3749:Canid hybrid 3745:Bovid hybrid 3739: 3717: 3694: 3691:capitalized. 3672: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3592: 3585:conservation 3584: 3580: 3575: 3543: 3539: 3492: 3489:pseudo-breed 3488: 3477: 3453: 3426: 3419: 3375: 3360:standardised 3349: 3345: 3335: 3331: 3326: 3322: 3309:knockout rat 3257: 3237:mulefoot pig 3208: 3188: 3187: 3160: 3139: 3135: 3134: 3112: 3104: 3096: 3091:Early Modern 3041: 2996: 2988: 2987: 2985: 2978:MOS:LANDRACE 2964:MOS:CULTIVAR 2914: 2875: 2874: 2863: 2854:WikiProjects 2847: 2806: 2805: 2791: 2788:Turkmen wild 2736:argali sheep 2703: 2702: 2695: 2688: 2680: 2673: 2666: 2660: 2659: 2611: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2576: 2567: 2564: 2560: 2544: 2530: 2497: 2496: 2473: 2455: 2451: 2418: 2413: 2412: 2405: 2398: 2392: 2388: 2378: 2369: 2347: 2339: 2326: 2325: 2292: 2288: 2287: 2260: 2259: 2210:#REDIRECT ] 2193: 2189: 2162: 2161: 2146: 2145: 2135: 2130: 2126: 2124:, but never 2120: 2117:C. l. arctos 2116: 2112: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2093: 2081: 2074: 2071:E. thomsonii 2070: 2063:E. rufifrons 2062: 2058: 2054: 2041: 2040: 2025: 2014: 2006: 2000: 1982:for emphasis 1977: 1960: 1942: 1930: 1923: 1916: 1909: 1903: 1895: 1894:the various 1888: 1882: 1875: 1871: 1866: 1840: 1833: 1829: 1800: 1796: 1774: 1766: 1764: 1758: 1749: 1718: 1711: 1709: 1700: 1693: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1672: 1665: 1663: 1648: 1625: 1616: 1614: 1583: 1576: 1572: 1565: 1558: 1545: 1542:agricultural 1529: 1528: 1521: 1517: 1510: 1504: 1503: 1485: 1470:nothospecies 1443: 1439: 1434:nothospecies 1432: 1430: 1408: 1404: 1385: 1367: 1346: 1342: 1333:(encoded as 1322: 1318: 1311: 1309: 1243: 1229: 1221: 1220: 1213: 1209: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1189: 1185: 1176: 1174: 1168: 1164: 1157:phagovar 42D 1154: 1147: 1132: 1131: 1123: 1121: 1110: 1107:Sphaerotheca 1106: 1102: 1091: 1089: 1082: 1076: 1072: 1066: 1062: 1051: 1047: 1046:the orange ( 1040: 1036: 1032: 1012: 1008: 1003: 997: 996: 981: 980: 974: 969: 963:Homo sapiens 962: 955: 949: 939: 932: 930: 924: 920: 916: 911: 905: 899: 893: 886: 880: 878: 872: 871: 854: 848: 843: 839: 835: 823: 822: 798: 794: 782: 778: 757: 756: 749: 743: 733: 729: 724: 719:Equus quagga 718: 712: 708: 704: 702:. Examples: 699: 663: 657: 655: 654: 634: 616:Strigiformes 597: 596: 555: 551: 545: 541: 536: 531: 520: 510: 509: 501: 497: 489: 481: 475: 471: 470: 463: 445: 444: 438: 432: 428: 421: 413: 409: 405: 383: 382: 374: 370: 363:Mus musculus 362: 348: 337: 336: 332:common sense 325: 317: 311: 310: 289: 283: 275: 269: 261: 255: 244: 243: 229:MOS:TAXONOMY 199: 195: 192: 184: 178: 174:which is not 169: 151: 120: 112:standardized 99: 43: 5059:(8th ed.). 4885:nomina nuda 4814:  4647:In botany, 4632:Usage note: 4488:again, and 4459:independent 4410:Orycteropus 4365:cauliflower 4217:Main page: 4017:jargonistic 3969:hound group 3854:independent 3705:portmanteau 3699:, such as " 3696:Crossbreeds 3352:(see below) 3197:long-haired 3063:kennel club 3021:Sanguinello 2971:MOS:VARIETY 2925:triggerfish 2921:trout-perch 2512:red-linking 2419:Felis catus 2370:Especially 2340:Felis catus 2183:red-linking 2136:Dhori virus 2121:C. l. dingo 2113:Canis lupus 1993:<em: --> 1917:Hypargyrium 1876:Hippotigris 1753:Goldfingers 1738:Goldfingers 1511:synkleptons 1481:(see below) 1336:  1327:portmanteau 1262:Canis lupus 1103:Podosphaera 1020:Felis catus 982:Higher taxa 887:genus group 834:(epithet), 824:The entire 640:subvarietas 602:the animal 546:Hippotigris 365:) and the 359:house mouse 298:prokaryotes 222:MOS:SCINAME 170:house style 102:Capitalize 48:or process. 5166:Categories 5141:WP:MOSLIFE 4973:disruptive 4866:(singular 4686:brevifolia 4658:brevifolia 4523:he/him/his 4480:policy at 4330:, central 4205:WP:PRECISE 4176:Akhal-Teke 4152:Poodle dog 4092:, and use 4039:See also: 3957:great apes 3949:slime mold 3885:(see also 3818:(see also 3780:question. 3772:Notability 3740:crossbreed 3732:Bengal cat 3680:verifiable 3659:developing 3652:Rare breed 3551:authority. 3538:The terms 3305:Wistar rat 3293:Red Mommon 3191:phenotypic 3169:, but not 2999:Examples: 2933:pufferfish 2917:sand shark 2893:See also: 2839:Amur tiger 2732:pennyroyal 2638:MOS:COMMON 2550:Not a typo 2491:SMALL-CAPS 2452:Foobar baz 2358:population 2329:verifiable 2282:somewhere. 2268:redirected 2069:the zoo's 2067:, but not 2044:, either: 1972:<i: --> 1924:Potentilla 1910:Potentilla 1887:the genus 1791:&8202; 1787:hair space 1686:C. dowiana 1548:title case 1518:Pelophylax 1422:Nothogenus 1400:Amarcrinum 1386:Amarcrinum 1364:Amarcrinum 1355:Amarcrinum 1331:hair space 1313:nothogenus 1214:brevifolia 1204:brevifolia 1139:zoological 1041:tridentata 1033:Potentilla 941:subspecies 917:Supergenus 894:Allosaurus 861:  795:Sus scrofa 779:Sus scrofa 713:brevifolia 480:The genus 478:Examples: 296:and other 53:discussion 4715:S. aizoon 4698:Saxifraga 4672:Saxifraga 4620:Footnotes 4353:cultivars 4088:redirects 3977:triticale 3865:secondary 3736:infoboxes 3667:promising 3436:Landraces 3369:, in the 3297:IndoMalau 3025:Calabrese 3011:cabbage, 2957:MOS:BREED 2949:Shortcuts 2878:redirects 2827:gray wolf 2748:pronghorn 2616:Shortcuts 2077:infection 1908:Subgenus 1874:subgenus 1843:landraces 1830:Crataegus 1797:Crataegus 1783:template. 1747:produces 1636:|hide=y}} 1536:(in both 1486:Amaryllis 1455:. Code: 1405:Amaryllis 1343:Amaryllis 1288:. Code: 1210:S. aizoon 1190:arizonica 1133:Modifiers 1122:Names of 1116:taxoboxes 1080:, versus 988:(But see 830:trinomial 813:in a name 805:See also 544:subgenus 486:asparagus 482:Asparagus 430:worded): 416:subfamily 236:MOS:TAXON 214:Shortcuts 125:(fauna), 61:consensus 5139:(a.k.a. 5131:See also 5022:Various 4981:advocacy 4740:{{abbr}} 4684:subvar. 4667:required 4656:subvar. 4610:labeling 4575:Salinero 4549:Another 4453:and its 4441:MOS:PETS 4433:Shortcut 4401:aardvark 4361:broccoli 4254:Grunters 3931:grouping 3861:reliable 3833:verified 3724:wolfdogs 3722:such as 3608:Thai cat 3581:heritage 3579:(a.k.a. 3576:heirloom 3562:and the 3560:Manx cat 3522:article. 3478:Mongrels 3454:landrace 3406:Ecotypes 3382:cultivar 3193:features 3156:, below) 3059:studbook 3023:orange, 2811:bacteria 2458:in 1950. 2442:synonyms 2423:Linnaeus 2393:brussels 2382:for the 2354:Landrace 2165:, as in 2115:include 2105:C. lupus 1933:, as in 1834:Mespilus 1801:Mespilus 1727:template 1701:Bletilla 1544:botany) 1531:Cultivar 1506:Kleptons 1496:'Hathor' 1451:sinensis 1255:C. aurea 1212:subvar. 1202:subvar. 1077:mycoides 1067:mexicana 1058:bacteria 1052:sinensis 1026:F. chaus 921:subgenus 826:binomial 819:Epithets 785:) hybrid 711:subvar. 600:, as in 408:, genus 294:bacteria 266:protists 250:taxonomy 135:protozoa 131:protists 69:Shortcut 5067:No. 10. 4926:WP:RFCs 4868:nominum 4835:Chimera 4571:Totilas 4561:a.k.a. 4357:cabbage 4349:species 4347:is the 4207:policy) 4146:, e.g. 4086:Create 3728:beefalo 3719:hybrids 3663:nascent 3568:notable 3463:Van cat 3440:mongrel 3420:ecotype 3266:GloFish 3115:extinct 3005:Siamese 3003:sheep, 2876:Create 2768:bighorn 2720:eel cod 2531:Botany: 2505:notable 2438:taxobox 2384:Van cat 2376:, like 2360:" and " 2168:''] ]'' 2142:Linking 2090:person. 2075:E. coli 2015:Unicorn 1945:, e.g. 1898:species 1779:chimera 1678:Cattlya 1493:parkeri 1472:|lc=y}} 1223:Hybrids 1165:simplex 1111:xanthii 1105:(sect. 1100:, e.g. 1075:subsp. 1065:subsp. 934:species 912:E. coli 732:f. sp. 676:subvar. 648:lang-la 494:; and: 404:within 398:and to 306:viruses 248:in the 202:), 2011 123:animals 57:process 4934:WT:VPP 4930:WT:MOS 4882:, and 4864:nomina 4827:Hybrid 4711:aizoon 4702:aizoon 4676:aizoon 4654:aizoon 4614:symbol 4527:it/its 4525:, not 4469:; and 4388:For a 4379:, and 4332:Europe 4316:, the 4194:, and 4162:. Use 4160:Poodle 4055:, and 3907:DAD-IS 3822:, and 3755:, and 3712:, not 3642:, and 3510:, not 3438:, and 3398:hybrid 3321:B6.Cg- 3205:agouti 3117:(e.g. 3035:, not 2754:, not 2734:, not 2728:argali 2425:, 1758 2295:pecies 2147:Never 2019:T. Rex 2012:, but 2008:T. rex 1755:'Limo' 1735:gives 1688:hybrid 1563:, and 1561:'Hass' 1466:hybrid 1444:Citrus 1418:hybrid 1413:Code: 1409:Crinum 1389:, for 1380:cross. 1370:is an 1347:Crinum 1301:Taxon2 1297:Taxon1 1293:hybrid 1234:Hybrid 1200:aizoon 1048:Citrus 852:, and 750:aizoon 734:avenae 716:, and 709:aizoon 686:(plus 682:, and 668:subsp. 664:sectio 605:regnum 556:aizoon 530:Genus 524:, not 519:genus 513:. Use 460:, and 342:above 330:. Use 282:; the 268:; the 145:, and 127:plants 5057:(PDF) 4938:WP:MR 4709:var. 4700:var. 4674:var. 4652:var. 4543:, OBE 4377:savoy 4323:Vitis 4285:Lang- 4226:taxon 4203:(see 3939:range 3859:Only 3682:(not 3555:case. 3444:feral 3363:breed 3336:GNMRS 3319:, or 3201:sable 3152:(see 3129:below 3007:cat, 2815:zebra 2792:what? 2601:Booia 2597:Gooia 2593:Fooia 2535:(see 2479:small 2462:In a 2434:taxon 2396:, or 2391:var. 2362:breed 2344:, or 2331:with 2291:enus 2239:from. 2192:var. 2190:P. a. 2131:C. l. 2109:, or 1896:Equus 1889:Equus 1872:Equus 1655:(See 1606:(See 1584:Malus 1534:names 1522:grafi 1460:Genus 1198:var. 1188:var. 1009:Ninox 990:above 900:Falco 882:genus 775:, or 707:var. 688:sect. 684:subf. 589:(See 554:var. 549:, or 542:Equus 344:genus 322:, or 143:algae 139:fungi 16:< 5099:The 5004:one. 4979:for 4958:here 4831:and 4792:ICNP 4781:ICNP 4778:The 4765:ssp. 4730:abbr 4606:meme 4600:and 4573:and 4565:and 4504:. 4476:Per 4399:The 4369:kale 4336:Asia 4302:and 4268:The 4178:not 4154:and 4138:and 4066:and 3935:type 3905:The 3726:and 3427:race 3408:and 3394:form 3327:Lepr 3325:+/+ 3295:and 3281:and 3165:and 3127:see 3009:Napa 2904:and 2796:what 2786:not 2770:and 2750:and 2730:and 2599:and 2468:taxa 2464:list 2456:Quux 2356:", " 2244:then 2119:and 1978:not 1951:not 1913:Syme 1849:See 1832:and 1799:and 1771:name 1723:tdes 1667:grex 1540:and 1520:kl. 1509:and 1407:and 1345:and 1230:The 1070:and 1011:cf. 919:and 906:Anas 885:(or 767:and 747:var. 721:ssp. 694:and 672:var. 613:ordo 532:Rosa 521:Rosa 517:and 503:Lynx 290:ICNP 262:ICZN 5083:' ' 4965:all 4954:not 4952:to 4787:ICN 4679:or 4535:Sir 4521:or 4256:or 4198:to 4190:to 3636:new 3583:or 3573:An 3514:or 3501:CFA 3418:An 3392:or 3365:of 3260:and 3255:". 3089:in 3039:). 2845:). 2758:or 2738:or 2705:so: 2693:or 2671:or 2483:or 2410:). 2138:). 1990:or 1969:or 1803:is 1757:. 1653:. 1642:sic 1634:sic 1462:'' 1274:and 1090:An 828:or 803:. 763:(a 609:or 535:. 528:or 386:and 376:Mus 276:ICN 200:ICN 5168:: 5086:}} 5080:{{ 4975:. 4936:, 4932:, 4876:, 4837:}} 4833:{{ 4829:}} 4825:{{ 4799:^ 4747:^ 4732:}} 4728:{{ 4707:S. 4539:; 4473:. 4461:, 4375:, 4371:, 4367:, 4363:, 4359:, 4290:}} 4287:xx 4283:{{ 4209:. 4168:}} 4164:{{ 4114:, 4098:}} 4094:{{ 4075:, 4051:; 4047:, 4043:, 4011:; 4003:, 3995:: 3991:. 3987:, 3983:, 3979:, 3975:, 3971:, 3967:, 3963:, 3959:, 3955:, 3951:, 3947:, 3759:). 3751:, 3747:, 3686:) 3665:, 3661:, 3638:, 3528:A 3469:. 3465:, 3461:, 3452:A 3425:A 3396:, 3388:, 3384:, 3311:, 3307:, 3235:, 3207:) 3203:, 3199:, 3181:. 3158:. 3132:. 3121:, 3110:. 3019:, 3015:, 2939:. 2935:, 2923:, 2919:, 2888:}} 2884:{{ 2841:, 2837:, 2829:, 2825:, 2821:, 2817:, 2813:, 2722:, 2718:, 2714:, 2710:, 2700:. 2586:. 2574:. 2558:. 2552:}} 2548:{{ 2494:. 2481:}} 2477:{{ 2305:. 2303:}} 2299:{{ 2276:}} 2272:{{ 2256:.) 2233:}} 2229:{{ 2225:}} 2221:{{ 2216:}} 2212:{{ 2208:: 2206:}} 2202:{{ 2079:. 2003:: 1984:, 1976:, 1963:, 1892:, 1781:}} 1777:{{ 1765:A 1725:}} 1721:{{ 1710:a 1692:× 1684:× 1675:: 1664:A 1640:{{ 1632:{{ 1623:: 1604:. 1596:. 1575:× 1515:: 1464:{{ 1458:'' 1431:A 1424:}} 1416:{{ 1310:A 1303:}} 1291:{{ 1258:; 1236:}} 1232:{{ 1161:as 1109:) 1060:: 1050:× 1044:; 1039:) 1030:; 1016:; 1006:: 966:; 959:; 948:. 915:. 903:, 897:, 879:A 791:; 727:: 692:Gp 680:f. 678:, 674:, 670:, 650:}} 646:{{ 507:. 468:. 456:, 452:; 448:: 442:. 426:. 380:. 355:; 308:. 141:, 5123:. 5090:. 4760:× 4717:. 4421:. 4403:( 4242:( 4019:" 3889:) 3835:. 3828:. 3826:) 3618:. 3595:. 3570:. 3334:( 3323:m 3195:( 3098:( 3072:. 3031:( 2691:) 2669:) 2657:. 2650:. 2603:. 2539:) 2520:] 2350:) 2293:s 2289:G 2235:. 2178:] 2107:) 2065:) 2032:. 2022:. 1957:. 1926:. 1900:. 1879:. 1836:. 1822:+ 1812:. 1806:+ 1705:. 1498:. 1490:× 1476:. 1468:| 1448:× 1427:. 1420:| 1411:. 1397:× 1384:× 1375:× 1361:× 1352:× 1306:. 1299:| 1295:| 1282:× 1270:) 1265:× 1252:× 1035:( 1028:) 1023:× 801:) 696:× 369:( 361:( 328:) 320:) 288:( 274:( 260:( 198:( 26:)

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Knowledge (XXG)

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Index