2016:
2051:, troubleshooting, and backwards-compatibility with old DOS software, particularly games, and no longer released as a standalone product. In Windows 95, the DOS, called MS-DOS 7, can be booted separately, without the Windows GUI; this capability was retained through Windows 98 Second Edition. Windows Me removed the capability to boot its underlying MS-DOS 8.0 alone from a hard disk, but retained the ability to make a DOS boot floppy disk (called an "Emergency Boot Disk") and can be hacked to restore full access to the underlying DOS. On December 31, 2001, Microsoft declared all versions of MS-DOS 6.22 and older obsolete and stopped providing support and updates for the system. As MS-DOS 7.0 was a part of Windows 95, support for it also ended when Windows 95 extended support ended on December 31, 2001. As MS-DOS 7.10 and MS-DOS 8.0 were part of Windows 98 and Windows ME, respectively, support ended when Windows 98 and ME extended support ended on July 11, 2006, thus ending support and updates of MS-DOS from Microsoft.
1810:
1205:
1530:
PC hardware without using standard operating system calls ran much faster, but on true PC-compatibles only. Non-PC-compatible 808x machines were too small a market to have fast software written for them alone, and the market remained open only for IBM PCs and machines that closely imitated their architecture, all running either a single version of MS-DOS compatible only with PCs, or the equivalent IBM PC DOS. Most clones cost much less than IBM-branded machines of similar performance, and became widely used by home users, while IBM PCs had a large share of the business computer market.
606:, and only a single version of MS-DOS for a fixed hardware platform was needed for the market. This version is the version of MS-DOS that is discussed here, as the dozens of other OEM versions of "MS-DOS" were only relevant to the systems they were designed for, and in any case were very similar in function and capability to some standard version for the IBM PC—often the same-numbered version, but not always, since some OEMs used their own proprietary version numbering schemes (e.g. labeling later releases of MS-DOS 1.x as 2.0 or vice versa)—with a few notable exceptions.
872:
193:
2104:) no longer had content. This modified disk was the base for creating the MS-DOS image for Windows XP. Some of the deleted files can be recovered with an undelete tool. When booting up an MS-DOS startup disk made with Windows XP's format tool, the version number and the VER internal command reports as "Windows Millennium" and "5.1", respectively, and not as "MS-DOS 8.0" (which was used as the base for Windows Me but never released as a stand-alone product), though the API still says Version 8.0.
1213:
1821:
1121:
1725:, and deliberately obfuscated, using various undocumented DOS structures and functions to determine whether or not Windows really was running on MS-DOS. In the beta versions, it displayed an "error" message if the test for genuine MS-DOS failed, prompting the user to abort or continue, with abort the default. In the final release version, the code still ran, but the message and prompt were disabled by an added flag byte, rendering it (probably) ineffectual.
1350:
7337:
6773:
6440:
2371:
826:
1876:, the role of MS-DOS was reduced to a boot loader according to Microsoft, with MS-DOS programs running in a virtual DOS machine within 32-bit Windows, with ability to boot directly into MS-DOS retained as a backward compatibility option for applications that required real mode access to the hardware, which was generally not possible within Windows. The command line accessed the DOS command line (usually
2196:
1749:
1384:
7348:
6763:
3392:(xvii+1053 pages; 29 cm) (NB. This original edition contains flowcharts of the internal workings of the system. It was withdrawn by Microsoft before mass-distribution in 1986 because it contained many factual errors as well as some classified information which should not have been published. Few printed copies survived. It was replaced by a completely reworked edition in 1988.
975:
1324:, the last version based on MS-DOS, and DOS mode was significantly altered in this release. Booting from the hard disk to a command line only was no longer permitted, AUTOEXEC.BAT and CONFIG.SYS files were no longer loaded or parsed before loading the Windows GUI; booting from floppy disk was still permitted to allow for emergency recovery and this version is included in
2168:. The purpose of this, according to Microsoft, is mainly for education and experimentation with historic operating systems and for new programmers to gain an understanding of how low-level software works, both historic and current. According to program manager Rich Turner, the other versions could not be open-sourced due to third-party licensing restrictions.
50:
887:-formatted hard disk drives depending on the formatting tool shipped by OEMs, user-installable device drivers, tree-structure filing system, Unix-like inheritable redirectable file handles, non-multitasking child processes an improved Terminate and Stay Resident (TSR) API, environment variables, device driver support, FOR and GOTO loops in batch files,
1437:
1614:"The feature enhancements of MS-DOS version 5.0 were decided and development was begun long before we heard about DR DOS 5.0. There will be some similar features. With 50 million MS-DOS users, it shouldn't be surprising that DRI has heard some of the same requests from customers that we have." – (Schulman et al. 1994).
602:). However, in MS-DOS' early days, the greater speed attainable by programs through direct control of hardware was of particular importance, especially for games, which often pushed the limits of their contemporary hardware. Very soon an IBM-compatible architecture became the goal, and before long all 8086-family computers
515:
2153:, volume license, and OEM license partner websites, for customers with valid login credentials. MS-DOS is still used in embedded x86 systems due to its simple architecture and minimal memory and processor requirements, though some current products have switched to the still-maintained open-source alternative
2070:
and newer), developed alongside the 9x series, do not contain MS-DOS compatibility as a core component of the operating system nor do they rely on it for bootstrapping, as NT was not with the level of support for legacy MS-DOS and Win16 apps that
Windows 9x was, but does provide limited DOS emulation
1892:
The command session permits running various supported command-line utilities from Win32, MS-DOS, OS/2 1.x and POSIX. The emulators for MS-DOS, OS/2 and POSIX use the host's window in the same way that Win16 applications use the Win32 explorer. Using the host's window allows one to pipe output between
1586:
5.0, which included features only available as third-party add-ons for MS-DOS. Unwilling to lose any portion of the market, Microsoft responded by announcing the "pending" release of MS-DOS 5.0 in May 1990. This effectively killed most DR DOS sales until the actual release of MS-DOS 5.0 in June 1991.
590:
would use a development kit provided by
Microsoft to build a version of MS-DOS with their basic I/O drivers and a standard Microsoft kernel, which they would typically supply on disk to end users along with the hardware. Thus, there were many different versions of "MS-DOS" for different hardware, and
1935:
The OS/2 emulation is handled through OS2SS.EXE and OS2.EXE, and DOSCALLS.DLL. OS2.EXE is a version of the OS/2 shell (CMD.EXE), which passes commands down to the OS2SS.EXE, and input-output to the
Windows NT shell. Windows 2000 was the last version of NT to support OS/2. The emulation is OS/2 1.30.
1544:
MS-DOS had grown in spurts, with many significant features being taken or duplicated from
Microsoft's other products and operating systems. MS-DOS also grew by incorporating, by direct licensing or feature duplicating, the functionality of tools and utilities developed by independent companies, such
1529:
and others did not use the 808x processor; many 808x machines of different architectures used custom versions of MS-DOS. At first all these machines were in competition. In time the IBM PC hardware configuration became dominant in the 808x market as software written to communicate directly with the
1357:
Localized versions of MS-DOS existed for different markets. While
Western issues of MS-DOS evolved around the same set of tools and drivers just with localized message languages and differing sets of supported codepages and keyboard layouts, some language versions were considerably different from
1661:
MS-DOS 6.0 and 6.20 were released in 1993, both including the
Microsoft DoubleSpace disk compression utility program. Stac successfully sued Microsoft for patent infringement regarding the compression algorithm used in DoubleSpace. This resulted in the 1994 release of MS-DOS 6.21, which had disk
2358:
Microsoft's control of the
Windows platform, and their programming practices which intentionally made Windows appear as if it ran poorly on competing versions of DOS, crippled the ability of other DOS makers to continue to compete with MS-DOS. Digital Research had to release interim releases to
1931:
The DOS version returns 5.00 or 5.50, depending on which API function is used to determine it. Utilities from MS-DOS 5.00 run in this emulation without modification. The very early beta programs of NT show MS-DOS 30.00, but programs running in MS-DOS 30.00 would assume that OS/2 was in control.
1665:
Prior to 1995, Microsoft licensed MS-DOS (and
Windows) to computer manufacturers under three types of agreement: per-processor (a fee for each system the company sold), per-system (a fee for each system of a particular model), or per-copy (a fee for each copy of MS-DOS installed). The largest
490:
to store and access not only the operating system, but application software and user data as well. Progressive version releases delivered support for other mass storage media in ever greater sizes and formats, along with added feature support for newer processors and rapidly evolving computer
1697:
Microsoft also used a variety of tactics in MS-DOS and several of their applications and development tools that, while operating perfectly when running on genuine MS-DOS (and PC DOS), would break when run on another vendor's implementation of DOS. Notable examples of this practice included:
1537:. When OS/2 was released in 1987, Microsoft began an advertising campaign announcing that "DOS is Dead" and stating that version 4 was the last full release. OS/2 was designed for efficient multi-tasking and offered a number of advanced features that had been designed together with similar
1851:
command-line utilities in the same command-line session, allowing piping between commands. The user interface, and the icon up to
Windows 2000, followed the native MS-DOS interface. The Command Prompt introduced with Windows NT is not actually MS-DOS, but shares some commands with MS-DOS.
1657:
process, Stac engineers had shown
Microsoft part of the Stacker source code. Stac was unwilling to meet Microsoft's terms for licensing Stacker and withdrew from the negotiations. Microsoft chose to license Vertisoft's DoubleDisk, using it as the core for its DoubleSpace disk compression.
3261:
Microsoft has open-sourced another bit of computing history this week: The company teamed up with IBM to release the source code of 1988's MS-DOS 4.00, a version better known for its unpopularity, bugginess, and convoluted development history than its utility as a computer operating
1358:
Western issues and were adapted to run on localized PC hardware with additional BIOS services not available in Western PCs, support multiple hardware codepages for displays and printers, support DBCS, alternative input methods and graphics output. Affected issues include Japanese (
2267:
was released as Microsoft's first attempt at providing a consistent user interface (for applications). The early versions of Windows ran on top of MS-DOS. At first Windows met with little success, but this was also true for most other companies' efforts as well, for example
1317:(LBA), and was the last version that could boot to the command line from a hard disk. The VER internal command reports the Windows version 4.00.1111, 4.10.1998, or 4.10.2222 depending on the version of Windows, while applications through the API would report version 7.10.
573:
Within a year, Microsoft licensed MS-DOS to over 70 other companies. It was designed to be an OS that could run on any 8086-family computer. Each computer would have its own distinct hardware and its own version of MS-DOS, similar to the situation that existed for
1888:
Windows NT-based operating systems boot to a kernel whose purpose is to load Windows and run the system. One cannot run Win32 applications in the loader system in the manner that OS/2, UNIX or consumer versions of Windows can launch character-mode sessions.
2134:, when the NTVDM component was discontinued from the operating system due to it being no longer offered in 32-bit versions (being solely offered in 64-bit versions only), effectively ending any association of MS-DOS within Microsoft Windows after 36 years.
1942:
The Command Prompt is often called the MS-DOS Prompt. In part, this was the official name for it in Windows 9x and early versions of Windows NT (NT 3.5 and earlier), and in part because the SoftPC emulation of DOS redirects output into it. Actually only
2015:
3450:; Rubin, Darryl; Ryan, Ralph; Schulmeisters, Karl; Shah, Rajen; Shaw, Barry; Short, Anthony; Slivka, Ben; Smirl, Jon; Stillmaker, Betty; Stoddard, John; Tillman, Dennis; Whitten, Greg; Yount, Natalie; Zeck, Steve (1988). "Technical advisors".
2354:
These products are collectively referred to as "DOS", even though "Disk Operating System" is a generic term used on other systems unrelated to the x86 and IBM PC. "MS-DOS" can also be a generic reference to DOS on IBM PC compatible computers.
1328:
and later versions for creating MS-DOS Startup Disks. The VER internal command reports the Windows version 4.90.3000, or 5.1 when created from newer versions of Windows. Applications requesting the version through the API would report version
470:
1.0 for use in its PCs. Although MS-DOS and PC DOS were initially developed in parallel by Microsoft and IBM, the two products diverged after twelve years, in 1993, with recognizable differences in compatibility, syntax and capabilities.
1034:
Version 3.3 (OEM) – First version to support 3.5-inch 1.44 MB floppy drives and diskettes, extended and logical partitions, directory tree copying with XCOPY, improved support for internationalization (COUNTRY.SYS), networked file flush
1101:
Version 4.01 (OEM) – Microsoft-rewritten Version 4.00 released under MS-DOS label but not IBM PC DOS. First version to introduce volume serial number when formatting hard disks and floppy disks (Disk duplication also and when using
1075:
and MS-DOS 4.1 – A separate branch of development with additional multitasking features, released between 3.2 and 3.3, and later abandoned. It is unrelated to any later versions, including versions 4.00 and 4.01 listed
1709:
using undocumented DOS functions, and then checked whether or not the associated value changed in a fixed position within the DOS data segment (also undocumented). This check also made it into later MS products, including Microsoft
2125:
running MS-DOS or an older version (in a virtual machine or dual boot) must be used to format a floppy disk, or an image must be obtained from an external source. Other solutions include using DOS compatible alternatives, such as
1670:
began investigating Microsoft's licensing procedures, resulting in a 1994 settlement agreement limiting Microsoft to per-copy licensing. Digital Research did not gain by this settlement, and years later its successor in interest,
2095:
boot disk, stripped down to bootstrap only. This is accessible only by formatting a floppy as an "MS-DOS startup disk". Files like the driver for the CD-ROM support were deleted from the Windows Me bootdisk and the startup files
3360:; Tomlin, Jim; Vian, Kathleen; Wolverton, Van. Beley, Jim; Preppernau, Barry; Beason, Pam; Lewis, Andrea; Rygmyr, David (eds.). Microsoft Reference Library. Vol. 1 (Original withdrawn ed.). Redmond, Washington, USA:
1666:
manufacturers used the per-processor arrangement, which had the lowest fee. This arrangement made it expensive for the large manufacturers to migrate to any other operating system, such as DR DOS. In 1991, the U.S. government
1503:. Users who began using MS-DOS with their machines were compelled to continue using the version customized for their hardware, or face trying to get all of their proprietary hardware and software to work with the new system.
1733:
Interrupt routines called by Windows to inform MS-DOS that Windows is starting/exiting, information that MS-DOS retained in an IN_WINDOWS flag, in spite of the fact that MS-DOS and Windows were supposed to be two separate
2350:
did not follow Microsoft's version numbering scheme. For example, MS-DOS 4, released in July 1988, was followed by DR DOS 5.0 in May 1990. MS-DOS 5.0 came in April 1991, and DR DOS 6.0 was released the following June.
495:
company to a diverse software development firm, providing the company with essential revenue and marketing resources. It was also the underlying basic operating system on which early versions of Windows ran as a GUI.
1979:
as their command prompt shell. This confusion does not exist under OS/2 because there are separate DOS and OS/2 prompts, and running a DOS program under OS/2 will launch a separate DOS window to run the application.
1594:) regarding DR DOS. For example, in October 1990, shortly after the release of DR DOS 5.0, and long before the eventual June 1991 release of MS-DOS 5.0, stories on feature enhancements in MS-DOS started to appear in
1610:(November 5, 1990), denying that Microsoft was engaged in FUD tactics ("to serve our customers better, we decided to be more forthcoming about version 5.0") and denying that Microsoft copied features from DR DOS:
3848:
The limit of 16 MB did not come from the FAT, but from the high-level DOS FORMAT command... Most vendors supplied modified high-level format programs that permitted partitions of up to 32 MB to be formatted
1472:
were sold in both MS-DOS and CP/M-86 versions until MS-DOS became preponderant (later Digital Research operating systems could run both MS-DOS and CP/M-86 software). MS-DOS originally supported the simple
3147:
586:), minimally for primary disk drives and the console, integrated with the kernel and loaded by the boot loader, and installable device drivers for other devices loaded and integrated at boot time. The
598:
This design would have worked well for compatibility, if application programs had only used MS-DOS services to perform device I/O, and indeed the same design philosophy is embodied in Windows NT (see
3426:; Borman, Reuben; Borman, Rob; Butler, John; Carroll, Chuck; Chamberlain, Mark; Chell, David; Colee, Mike; Courtney, Mike; Dryfoos, Mike; Duncan, Rachel; Eckhardt, Kurt; Evans, Eric; Farmer, Rick;
2278:
used MS-DOS to boot the Windows kernel in protected mode. Basic features related to the file system, such as long file names, were only available to DOS applications when running through Windows.
1662:
compression removed. Shortly afterwards came version 6.22, with a new version of the disk compression system, DriveSpace, which had a different compression algorithm to avoid the infringing code.
349:
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3527:
2260:(GUIs) capable of running on PC hardware. However, this required duplicated effort and did not provide much consistency in interface design (even between products from the same company).
1290:
kernel file and used as such for "special purposes". JO.SYS allows booting from either CD-ROM drive or hard disk. Last version to recognize only the first 8.4 GB of a hard disk. The
603:
1460:
operating system had inspired MS-DOS. In fact, there remains controversy as to whether QDOS was more or less plagiarized from early versions of CP/M code. Digital Research released
647:
in 1983 described as "the multi-user MS-DOS of the future". Microsoft advertised MS-DOS and Xenix together, listing the shared features of its "single-user OS" and "the multi-user,
595:, were MS-DOS compatible but not IBM-compatible, so they could run software written exclusively for MS-DOS without dependence on the peripheral hardware of the IBM PC architecture.
5305:
3193:
6474:
1579:, which was compatible with MS-DOS 2.11, supported CP/M-86 programs, had additional features including multi-tasking, and could read and write disks in CP/M and MS-DOS format.
4732:
3434:; McKinney, Bruce; Martin, Pascal; Mathers, Estelle; Matthews, Bob; Melin, David; Mergentime, Charles; Nevin, Randy; Newell, Dan; Newell, Tani; Norris, David; O'Leary, Mike;
5210:
1633:
IBM, which had already been developing the next version of OS/2, carried on development of the platform without Microsoft and sold it as the alternative to DOS and Windows.
3430:; Geary, Michael; Griffin, Bob; Hogarth, Doug; Johnson, James W.; Kermaani, Kaamel; King, Adrian; Koch, Reed; Landowski, James; Larson, Chris; Lennon, Thomas; Lipkie, Dan;
562:
25,000 in July of the same year. Microsoft kept the version number, but renamed it MS-DOS. They also licensed MS-DOS 1.10/1.14 to IBM, which, in August 1981, offered it as
3224:
7383:
3063:
2111:, the files on the startup disk are dated April 18, 2005, but are otherwise unchanged, including the string "MS-DOS Version 8 Copyright 1981–1999 Microsoft Corp" inside
1575:, were sold with floppy disks for two operating systems (only one of which could be used at a time), MS-DOS and CP/M-86 or a derivative of it. Digital Research produced
6809:
1341:
5.00.1, the IBM–Microsoft agreement started to end, and IBM entered the retail DOS market with IBM DOS 5.00.1, 5.02, 6.00 and PC DOS 6.1, 6.3, 7, 2000 and 7.1.
4936:
Paul, Matthias R. (July 30, 1997) . "II.16.iv. Landessprachliche Unterstützung – Codeseiten" [II.16.iv. National language support – Codepages].
3275:
3494:(xix+1570 pages; 26 cm) (NB. This edition was published in 1988 after extensive rework of the withdrawn 1986 first edition by a different team of authors.
3139:
5039:
2587:
7398:
3462:; Rabinowitz, Chip; Tomlin, Jim; Wilton, Richard; Wolverton, Van; Wong, William; Woodcock, JoAnne (Completely reworked ed.). Redmond, Washington, USA:
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before it eventually enforced the MS-DOS name for all versions but the IBM one, which was originally called "IBM Personal Computer DOS", later shortened to
5109:
5107:
1809:
3497:
1082:
Version 4.00 (OEM) – First version with built-in IBM/Microsoft support for hard disk partitions larger than 32 MB and up to a maximum size of 2 GB,
1590:
Microsoft had been accused of carefully orchestrating leaks about future versions of MS-DOS in an attempt to create what in the industry is called FUD (
1499:
Most of the machines in the early days of MS-DOS had differing system architectures and there was a certain degree of incompatibility, and subsequently
5086:
Undocumented DOS: A programmer's guide to reserved MS-DOS functions and data structures — expanded to include MS-DOS 6, Novell DOS and Windows 3.1
3103:
7352:
6467:
3598:
3564:. January 29, 1988. C3013-0000-0 M3030, Textdiskette DCP1700 T1/2 C3010-9991-2M3020, Disk-Nr.: 5962 /88 ROBOTRON PROJEKT DRESDEN KA2 DD-DS 80*16*256.
1991:
architectures no longer include the NTVDM and can therefore no longer natively run DOS or 16-bit Windows applications. There are alternatives such as
1517:
In the emerging world of home users, a variety of other computers based on various other processors were in serious competition with the IBM PC: the
667:. Believing that it could not compete with AT&T in the Unix market, Microsoft abandoned Xenix, and in 1987 transferred ownership of Xenix to the
7408:
5530:
3393:
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5184:
2958:
447:, and a few operating systems attempting to be compatible with MS-DOS, are sometimes referred to as "DOS" (which is also the generic acronym for
3514:
482:
were released for the x86 platform, and MS-DOS went through eight versions, until development ceased in 2000. Initially, MS-DOS was targeted at
7423:
7403:
1606:, then Vice President of Systems Software at Microsoft and general manager of its Windows and MS-DOS Business Unit, wrote a forceful letter to
582:
as CP/M to adapt for different hardware platforms. To this end, MS-DOS was designed with a modular structure with internal device drivers (the
4309:
621:, was fully multi-user. The company planned, over time, to improve MS-DOS so it would be almost indistinguishable from single-user Xenix, or
2725:
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Windows 3.0 beta release only gave a warning that Windows would not operate properly on a "foreign" OS and actually ran well on DR DOS 6.0.
2600:
Today, in partnership with IBM and in the spirit of open innovation, we're releasing the source code to MS-DOS 4.00 under the MIT license.
5297:
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1464:
a few months after MS-DOS, and it was offered as an alternative to MS-DOS and Microsoft's licensing requirements, but at a higher price.
7378:
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479:
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1908:), running a modified MS-DOS 5 (NTIO.SYS and NTDOS.SYS). The output is handled by the console DLLs, so that the program at the prompt (
1587:
Digital Research brought out DR DOS 6.0, which sold well until the "pre-announcement" of MS-DOS 6.0 again stifled the sales of DR DOS.
6146:
1510:
operating system; the latter ran on many different hardware architectures. Microsoft itself sold a version of Unix for the PC called
59:
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2286:, a component for simulating a DOS environment for legacy applications. This component would eventually be retired starting with
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circumvent Windows limitations inserted artificially, designed specifically to provide Microsoft with a competitive advantage.
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or even copying the required files and boot sector themselves. The last traces of MS-DOS were removed entirely in Windows with
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processors and with two notable differences compared to CP/M: an improved disk sector buffering logic, and the introduction of
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MS-DOS versions 1.x-7.0 unsupported as of December 31, 2001 MS-DOS versions 7.10 and 8.0 unsupported as of July 11, 2006.
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there is a major distinction between an IBM-compatible (or ISA) machine and an MS-DOS machine. Some machines, like the
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1721:, a block of code in the Windows launcher (WIN.COM) and a few other system files of Windows 3.1. It was XOR encrypted,
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the repository containing the MS-DOS source code and make their own modifications, and do whatever they like with it.
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148:
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NWDOSTIPs – Tips & tricks for Novell DOS 7, with special focus on undocumented details, bugs and workarounds
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NWDOS-TIPs – Tips & Tricks rund um Novell DOS 7, mit Blick auf undokumentierte Details, Bugs und Workarounds
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MS-DOS 4.x (IBM-developed) – includes a graphical/mouse interface. It had many bugs and compatibility issues.
656:
599:
1492:
to avoid name conflicts with CP/M-80 and MS-DOS .COM files. MS-DOS version 1.0 added a more advanced relocatable .
895:
Version 2.0 (OEM), First version to support double-sided 360 KB 5.25-inch floppy disks; Release date: October 1983
6877:
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6081:
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1133:. A number of bugs required re-issue. First version to support 3.5-inch 2.88 MB floppy drives and diskettes. The
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527:
243:
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POSIX is emulated through the POSIX shell, but no emulated shell; the commands are handled directly in CMD.EXE.
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became a marketplace success. Many of Microsoft's further contributions to OS/2 also went into creating a third
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During the period when Digital Research was competing in the operating system market some computers, like the
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806:) 3.20 and 3.30 (DCP 1700, DCP 3.3) and WDOS existed in the late 1980s. They were produced by the
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5604:
4884:
4828:
4691:
4617:
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4477:
4383:
4279:
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4191:
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for IBM. It and MS-DOS were identical products that eventually diverged starting with MS-DOS version 6.0.
2084:
1836:
1706:
1482:
910:
699:
277:
1452:
processors, including the IBM PC and clones, the initial competition to the PC DOS/MS-DOS line came from
7393:
6818:
6427:
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6061:
5981:
5748:
3169:
3125:
3085:
2403:
2264:
683:
648:
555:
448:
86:
1212:
858:
Zenith Z-DOS/MS-DOS release 1.01, version 1.25, a Zenith OEM version of MS-DOS; Release date: May 1983
6854:
6748:
5916:
5796:
2413:
1843:
which redirected input to MS-DOS and output from MS-DOS to the MS-DOS Prompt, or, in later versions,
1705:(released in early 1989) was the first MS product that checked for MS-DOS by modifying the program's
1677:
1469:
1045:
876:
796:
695:
668:
559:
554:. This first version was shipped in August 1980. Microsoft, which needed an operating system for the
492:
305:
122:
81:
1820:
7147:
6590:
6350:
5891:
5639:
5614:
4301:
2441: – an environment provided by Windows operating systems to support character-mode applications
2072:
1921:
1722:
1550:
1363:
757:
718:
285:
7212:
5176:
3516:
Programmtechnische Beschreibung - Arbeitsplatzcomputer A 7150 Betriebssystem DCP 1700 - Kompendium
1506:
In the business world, the 808x-based machines that MS-DOS was tied to faced competition from the
1120:
1002:
Version 3.2 (OEM) – First version to support 3.5-inch 720 KB floppy drives and diskettes and
7127:
7122:
6967:
6859:
6203:
6116:
6086:
5728:
5624:
5589:
5508:
4963:
4365:
2733:
2020:
1486:
1367:
1138:
962:
801:
4937:
4850:
3590:
2516:
1920:), can see the output. 64-bit Windows has neither the DOS emulation, nor the DOS commands EDIT,
1864:
versions of Windows (up to 3.11) ran as a Graphical User Interface (GUI) on top of MS-DOS. With
986:
Version 3.0 (OEM) – First version to support 5.25-inch 1.2 MB floppy drives and diskettes,
919:
ITT-DOS 2.11 Version 2 (MS-DOS 2.11 for the ITT XTRA Personal Computer); Release date: July 1985
4113:
2019:
As of 2011, MS-DOS was still used in some enterprises to run legacy applications, such as this
455:
during the 1980s, from which point it was gradually superseded by operating systems offering a
7267:
6620:
6495:
6306:
6238:
6091:
6046:
5961:
5831:
5758:
5095:
5051:
4996:
3837:
3485:
3477:
3467:
3454:. By Duncan, Ray; Bostwick, Steve; Burgoyne, Keith; Byers, Robert A.; Hogan, Thom; Kyle, Jim;
3447:
3383:
3375:
3365:
3345:
3165:
3121:
3081:
2662:
2075:(NT Virtual DOS Machine) to run DOS applications and provide DOS-like command prompt windows.
1832:
1291:
1279:
1158:
1150:
1103:
1052:
679:
638:
460:
452:
436:
249:
5144:
3015:
2925:
2889:
2703:
2651:
Allan, Roy A. (2001). "Microsoft in the 1980s, part III 1980s – The IBM/Macintosh era".
1582:
While OS/2 was under protracted development, Digital Research released the MS-DOS compatible
1533:
Microsoft and IBM together began what was intended as the follow-on to MS-DOS/PC DOS, called
6595:
6373:
5911:
5619:
5609:
5005:
2347:
2076:
2007:
etc., unofficial compatibility layers such as NTVDMx64, OTVDM (WineVDM), Win3mu and others.
1702:
1650:
1642:
1565:
1546:
1453:
1169:
1154:
722:
691:
535:
428:
373:
297:
208:
203:
2845:
2171:
In 2024, Microsoft released the source code for MS-DOS 4.00 in the same GitHub repository.
7017:
6738:
6646:
6402:
6223:
6161:
6071:
5996:
5921:
5901:
5629:
4975:
4728:
3833:
3617:
3501:
3463:
3459:
3443:
3399:
3361:
3280:
3161:
3117:
3077:
2885:
2691:
2658:
2122:
2035:, marked the beginning of the end for the command-line driven MS-DOS. With the release of
1992:
1603:
1518:
1489:
1349:
1134:
1091:
916:
838:
769:
675:
643:
551:
223:
5396:
5498:
3552:
3016:"Before you bet your business software on an OS, look who's betting on MS-DOS and XENIX"
2290:, as the operating system is only being offered in 64-bit architectures such as x86-64.
30:
This article is about Microsoft DOS specifically. For compatible operating systems, see
6972:
6605:
6228:
5971:
5786:
5781:
5738:
5584:
5248:
5091:
5084:
3415:
3356:. By Bornstein, Howard; Bredehoeft, Lawrence; Duncan, Ray; Morris, Carol; Rose, David;
3349:
2685:
2624:
1844:
1685:, but was revealed in November 2009 with the release of the Settlement Agreement to be
1572:
1522:
1500:
1172:
series of notebooks with various extensions, including improved load-high and extended
979:
626:
270:
192:
5145:"Exhibits to Microsoft's Cross Motion for Summary Judgment in Novell WordPerfect Case"
4243:
3630:
3611:
63:
The command-line interface, showing that the current directory is the root of drive C:
7367:
7262:
7117:
7012:
6610:
6600:
6188:
6156:
6126:
5826:
5594:
5493:
5362:
5125:
5079:
4906:
4078:
3861:
3455:
3435:
3431:
3423:
3337:
3333:
2767:
2438:
2108:
2087:
by extension) do not provide DOS emulation and cannot run DOS applications natively.
1972:
1962:
1840:
1672:
1654:
1538:
1283:
1130:
944:
852:
TI BOOT V. 1.13, a Texas Instruments OEM version of MS-DOS; Release date: August 1983
726:
711:
687:
664:
118:
1618:
The pact between Microsoft and IBM to promote OS/2 began to fall apart in 1990 when
1333:
Microsoft DOS was released through the OEM channel, until Digital Research released
829:
MS-DOS (Compaq-DOS) version 1.12 (based on MS-DOS 1.25) for Compaq Personal Computer
825:
491:
architectures. Ultimately, it was the key product in Microsoft's development from a
7137:
7092:
6641:
6520:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6051:
5871:
5816:
5811:
4723:
3887:
3439:
3341:
3255:
3047:
2502:
2175:
2097:
2063:
1526:
1181:
Version 5.0a (Retail) – With this release, IBM and Microsoft versions diverge.
1106:
to make a floppy disk or a hard drive partition bootable); Release date: April 1989
922:
811:
792:
761:
733:
which was presented as a new mobile operating system and worked similar to MS-DOS.
531:
5270:
2463:
Confirmed that there was Compaq Personal Computer DOS 3.31 aside from MS-DOS 3.31.
6452:
5856:
5426:
3140:"Microsoft makes source code for MS-DOS and Word for Windows available to public"
3076:(NB. While the publishers claim this would be MS-DOS 1.1 and 2.0, it actually is
849:
Compaq-DOS 1.12, a Compaq OEM version of MS-DOS 1.25; Release date: November 1983
7282:
6947:
6708:
6687:
6666:
6515:
6270:
6001:
5821:
5644:
5599:
5457:
5419:"Where is source code of 3.30 and 5.0 versions? · Issue #424 · microsoft/MS-DOS"
5327:
2388:
2370:
2195:
2146:
2113:
2028:
1748:
1619:
1383:
1294:
internal command reports the Windows version 4.00.950, applications through the
1184:
807:
707:
630:
487:
310:
281:
6787:
4334:
2820:
1649:, which bundled SuperStor disk compression, Microsoft opened negotiations with
1468:
programs for CP/M-86 and MS-DOS were not interchangeable with each other; many
655:-derived operating system", and promising easy porting between them. After the
7032:
7022:
6919:
6909:
6889:
6530:
6525:
6336:
6311:
6286:
5841:
5753:
5733:
5708:
3427:
3419:
3357:
3329:
3325:
3160:(NB. While the author claims this would be MS-DOS 1.1 and 2.0, it actually is
3116:(NB. While the author claims this would be MS-DOS 1.1 and 2.0, it actually is
2366:
2343:
2317:
2308:
2287:
2279:
2275:
2142:
2138:
2131:
2118:
2101:
2092:
2088:
2080:
2067:
2059:
2055:
2044:
2040:
2036:
1996:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1825:
1814:
1646:
1627:
1477:, which was modeled after a similar but binary-incompatible format known from
1465:
1449:
1445:
1338:
1334:
1325:
1321:
1306:
1302:
1295:
1271:
1264:
974:
928:
837:
Version 1.25 (OEM) – basis for non-IBM OEM versions of MS-DOS, including
777:
610:
592:
563:
483:
444:
338:
334:
154:
69:
5130:
3387:
2790:
2481:
Only if boot record of source floppy disk contains volume serial number also.
2117:. Windows 7, 8, and 8.1 can also create a MS-DOS startup disk. Starting with
756:
Microsoft licensed or released versions of MS-DOS under different names like
7277:
7232:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7087:
6316:
6233:
6111:
5926:
5881:
5846:
5791:
5539:
5335:
5244:
5035:
5001:
4765:
4086:
3554:
Anwenderdokumentation - Anleitung für den Systemprogrammierer - MOS DCP 1700
3489:
3188:
3102:. Software Gems: The Computer History Museum Historical Source Code Series.
3059:
3020:
2930:
2894:
2763:
2672:
2620:
2418:
2174:
Due to the historical nature of the software, Microsoft will not accept any
2121:, the ability to create a DOS startup disk has been removed and so either a
1905:
1718:
1146:
1010:
934:
579:
534:. Development of 86-DOS took only six weeks, as it was basically a clone of
440:
289:
74:
4794:
4551:
4045:
3780:
3660:
58:
4910:
883:
Support for IBM's XT 10 MB hard disk drives, support up to 16 MB or 32 MB
17:
7307:
7272:
7072:
7057:
7052:
6997:
6992:
6882:
6552:
6381:
6296:
6106:
6066:
5991:
5976:
5931:
5713:
5703:
3251:"Microsoft open-sources infamously weird, RAM-hungry MS-DOS 4.00 release"
2428:
1576:
1474:
1260:
1247:
1237:
1229:
1173:
1087:
1083:
888:
583:
4581:
4441:
4409:
4013:
3981:
3949:
3917:
1653:, vendor of the most popular DOS disk compression tool, Stacker. In the
7322:
7292:
7247:
7222:
7157:
7152:
7142:
7047:
7037:
7027:
7007:
6977:
6952:
6929:
6924:
6914:
6839:
6636:
6542:
6213:
6131:
6101:
6031:
6006:
5886:
5806:
5743:
5149:
2432:
2422:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2154:
2127:
1984:
1478:
1461:
1408: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1025:
940:
785:
714:. Microsoft later released the code for MS-DOS 4.00 on April 25, 2024.
259:
49:
5482:
2161:
2137:
MS-DOS 6.22 was the last standalone version produced by Microsoft for
1016:
Version 3.20 – First retail release (non-OEM); Release date: July 1986
514:
181:
7302:
7297:
7197:
7187:
7182:
7162:
7112:
7077:
7002:
6957:
6899:
6723:
6682:
6386:
6011:
5986:
5851:
5801:
3690:
2398:
2313:
2165:
2004:
2000:
1988:
1901:
1861:
1711:
1583:
1287:
1233:
1225:. Disk compression, upper memory optimization and antivirus included.
1222:
1192:
1059:
901:
Version 2.05 (OEM, international support); Release date: October 1983
781:
765:
634:
567:
523:
475:
467:
324:
4769:
2988:"The Unix Tutorial / Part 3: Unix in the Microcomputer Marketplace"
2543:
1541:; it was seen as the legitimate heir to the "kludgy" DOS platform.
1436:
995:
Version 3.1 (OEM) – Support for Microsoft Networks through an
834:
Version 1.24 (OEM) – basis for IBM's Personal Computer DOS 1.1
7317:
7252:
7242:
7227:
7192:
7082:
7042:
6904:
6894:
6574:
6562:
6557:
6326:
6301:
6208:
6136:
6026:
5688:
5485: – MS-DOS 1.25, 2.0, and 4.0 Source Code on GitHub
3629:
Kurth, Rüdiger; Groß, Martin; Hunger, Henry (November 29, 2016) .
3410:
3408:
2283:
2014:
1925:
1897:
1848:
1511:
1435:
1362:), Korean, Arabic (ADOS 3.3/5.0), Hebrew (HDOS 3.3/5.0), Russian (
1359:
1348:
1310:
1211:
1203:
1188:
1168:
AST Premium Exec DOS 5.0 (OEM) – a version for the
1162:
1119:
1003:
987:
973:
884:
870:
824:
773:
618:
547:
513:
5211:"MS-DOS Became Synonymous with PC Operating Systems in the 1980s"
3320:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3306:
2654:
A history of the personal computer: the people and the technology
2178:
to the code. Users, however, are allowed and fully encouraged to
1681:
lawsuit. It was believed that the settlement ran in the order of
1243:
Version 6.21 (Retail) – Stacker-infringing DBLSPACE removed.
7312:
7237:
7217:
7167:
7132:
6982:
6615:
6569:
6321:
6151:
5876:
5776:
5395:. Microsoft Developer Network. February 20, 2014. Archived from
4665:
4639:
3481:
2992:
2963:
2444:
2384:
2150:
1558:
1554:
1534:
1507:
1457:
1275:
1095:
1094:
for the disk buffers and provided EMS drivers and emulation for
913:
MS-DOS 2.11, an Altos OEM version of MS-DOS 2.11 for the ACT-86C
652:
614:
575:
543:
539:
263:
6791:
6456:
5512:
4880:
4824:
4695:
4613:
4529:
4499:
4473:
4387:
4275:
4217:
4195:
4165:
4139:
3806:
3750:
3720:
3379:
1062:
with partitions larger than 32 MiB; Release date: November 1989
706:
standards. Microsoft would later re-license the code under the
6940:
6218:
6021:
4752:
4750:
2856:
2299:
2189:
1742:
1623:
1493:
1377:
1142:
817:
The following versions of MS-DOS were released to the public:
587:
566:
1.0 as one of three operating systems for the IBM 5150 or the
505:
432:
236:
100:
31:
3526:. December 1987. C3013-0001-1 M3030 Ag 706/169/88-5749.
3438:; Olsson, Mike; Osterman, Larry; Ostling, Ridge; Pai, Sunil;
2387: – designed to replace the default command interpreter
1847:. This could run many DOS and variously Win32, OS/2 1.x and
558:, hired Tim Paterson in May 1981 and bought 86-DOS 1.10 for
388:
379:
4442:"DOS 3.1+ network — Get Network Printer Setup String"
3354:
MS-DOS (Versions 1.0-3.2) Technical Reference Encyclopedia
2149:
processors, which remain available for download via their
1370:) as well as some other Eastern European versions of DOS.
1149:
driver and load portions of the operating system into the
1137:
command was not needed anymore for old DOS 1.x style
400:
5489:
Current License Agreement Policies for MS-DOS and Windows
3052:"Microsoft DOS V1.1 and V2.0: /msdos/v11source/MSDOS.ASM"
1286:
such as DOSLFN. JO.SYS is an alternative filename of the
5082:; Maxey, David; Michels, Raymond J.; Kyle, Jim (1994) .
3747:"16BitOS - MS DOS® Version 1.13 - Texas Instruments OEM"
5393:"Supplemental Disk — MS-DOS 6 Technical Reference"
2272:. After version 3.0, Windows gained market acceptance.
898:
Version 2.02 (OEM, Compaq); Release date: November 1983
780:. (Competitors released compatible DOS systems such as
5504:
Network setup in MS-DOS - Microsoft Network Client 3.0
4370:
PC: The Independent Guide to the IBM Personal Computer
855:
Zenith Z-DOS 1.19, a Zenith OEM version of MS-DOS 1.25
5298:"Microsoft support for Windows 98, ME to end in July"
2890:"Bill Gates, Microsoft and the IBM Personal Computer"
412:
403:
391:
385:
376:
2421: – commercial solution for DOS software on new
1019:
Version 3.21 (OEM / non-OEM); Release date: May 1987
397:
7065:
6938:
6826:
6701:
6675:
6629:
6583:
6488:
6395:
6372:
6349:
6279:
6247:
5767:
5669:
5653:
5577:
5570:
5549:
4410:"DOS 3.1+ - IOCTL — Check If Handle Is Remote"
4118:
PC: The Independent Guide to IBM Personal Computers
3184:"Psych! Microsoft didn't really open-source MS-DOS"
2573:
2571:
2569:
1145:to partitions over 32 MB. First version to get the
952:
Version 2.13 (OEM, Zenith); Release date: July 1984
937:
PC DOS 2.11, a TeleVideo OEM version of MS-DOS 2.11
394:
382:
355:
345:
330:
320:
296:
269:
255:
242:
232:
222:
214:
202:
171:
147:
129:
114:
106:
96:
80:
68:
5083:
5073:
5071:
5069:
5067:
5065:
5063:
5061:
4079:"Standard Floppy Disk Formats Supported by MS-DOS"
3982:"DOS 2+ - EXEC — Load And/Or Execute Program"
3298:The MS-DOS Mobile preview is an essential download
3244:
3242:
2926:"MS-DOS: examining IBM PC's disk-operating system"
1714:v2.5, Programmer's Workbench and Microsoft C v6.0.
1098:-compatible processors; Release date: October 1988
958:Version 2.25 (OEM, with Hangeul and Kanji support)
5204:
5202:
4789:
4787:
4329:
4327:
3452:The MS-DOS Encyclopedia: versions 1.0 through 3.2
2578:Hanselman, Scott; Wilcox, Jeff (April 25, 2024).
1274:'s first retail release. It contains support for
990:partitions up to 32 MB; Release date: April 1985
4474:"16BitOS - MS DOS® Version 3.10 - Multitech OEM"
3665:EMS Professional Software and Specialty Services
2047:), an integrated version of MS-DOS was used for
1221:Version 6.0 (Retail) – Online help through
2959:"Of IBM, Operating Systems, and Rosetta Stones"
2256:From 1983 onwards, various companies worked on
1947:and other 16-bit commands run in an NTVDM with
1058:Version 3.31 (Compaq OEM only) – supports
459:(GUI), in various generations of the graphical
4366:"DOS 3.0 Is Bigger, but Only Manual is Better"
4192:"16BitOS - MS DOS® Version 2.05 - Digital OEM"
674:On March 25, 2014, Microsoft made the code to
486:processors running on computer hardware using
6803:
6468:
5524:
4946:]. Release 157 (in German) (3 ed.).
4666:"16BitOS - MS-DOS® Version 3.30T - Tandy OEM"
4384:"16BitOS - MS DOS® Version 3.00 - Compaq OEM"
4276:"16BitOS - MS DOS® Version 2.13 - Zenith OEM"
4166:"16BitOS - MS DOS® Version 2.02 - Compaq OEM"
3803:"16BitOS - MS DOS® Version 1.25 - Zenith OEM"
3721:"16BitOS - MS-DOS® Version 1.12 - Compaq OEM"
2726:"Father of DOS Still Having Fun at Microsoft"
1900:(NT Virtual DOS Machine). This is a modified
1896:The MS-DOS emulation takes place through the
710:on September 28, 2018, making these versions
8:
5177:"What was the role of MS-DOS in Windows 95?"
4335:"DOS 3.0, 3.1, and 3.2: The Networked PC/AT"
4120:. Vol. 1, no. 12. pp. 108–125
4073:
4071:
3024:(advertisement). June 27, 1983. p. 44.
542:(for 8080/Z80 processors), ported to run on
451:). MS-DOS was the main operating system for
42:
4692:"16BitOS - MS-DOS® Version 3.31 Compaq OEM"
3950:"DOS 2+ - DUP — Duplicate File Handle"
3560:. 3.20 (in German). Dresden, East-Germany:
3522:. 3.20 (in German). Dresden, East-Germany:
2224:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1965:applications and internal commands with an
1880:) through a Windows module (WINOLDAP.MOD).
1777:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1298:would be reported a version number of 7.00.
466:IBM licensed and re-released it in 1981 as
7347:
6832:
6810:
6796:
6788:
6762:
6475:
6461:
6453:
5574:
5531:
5517:
5509:
5106:(xviii+856+vi pages, 3.5"-floppy) Errata:
4218:"16BitOS - MS DOS® Version 2.11 - ITT OEM"
4140:"16BitOS - MS DOS® Version 2.00 - NCR OEM"
2054:In contrast to the Windows 9x series, the
788:that could also run MS-DOS applications.)
443:. Collectively, MS-DOS, its rebranding as
191:
41:
4719:"Dinosaur Sightings: Installing MS-DOS 4"
4640:"16BitOS - MS-DOS® Version 3.30A DTK OEM"
3918:"DOS 2+ - OPEN — Open Existing File"
3221:Windows Command Line Tools For Developers
2244:Learn how and when to remove this message
1797:Learn how and when to remove this message
1440:The original MS-DOS advertisement in 1981
1424:Learn how and when to remove this message
1309:Second Edition. It added support for the
1041:Version 3.30; Release date: February 1988
7384:Discontinued Microsoft operating systems
5450:"DOS Timeline ~ Part One ~ 1980 to 1993"
5296:Montalbano, Elizabeth (April 13, 2006).
1819:
1808:
613:support from MS-DOS because Microsoft's
110:Preserved pieces exist in 32-bit Windows
5328:"List of limitations in 64-Bit Windows"
4925:– via Carnegie Mellon University.
4372:. Vol. 3, no. 20. p. 40.
4026:from the original on September 27, 2017
3227:from the original on September 29, 2018
2538:
2536:
2534:
2494:
2456:
2282:runs independently of DOS but includes
1129:Version 5.0 (Retail) – includes a
955:Version 2.2 (OEM, with Hangeul support)
943:MS-DOS 2.11 in ROM drive for the model
27:Discontinued Microsoft operating system
5277:from the original on November 22, 2012
5090:(2 ed.). Reading, Massachusetts:
5042:from the original on February 16, 2014
4971:
4961:
4582:"DOS 3.3+ - FFLUSH — Commit File"
4224:from the original on February 15, 2020
4056:from the original on February 21, 2020
4014:"DOS 2+ - Terminate And Stay Resident"
3994:from the original on November 16, 2017
3217:"Re-Open-Sourcing MS-DOS 1.25 and 2.0"
3150:from the original on December 14, 2017
3028:from the original on February 18, 2023
2938:from the original on February 18, 2023
2902:from the original on February 18, 2023
2866:from the original on December 12, 2018
2704:"A Compilation of 8 Historical Essays"
2554:from the original on December 14, 2017
1278:long file names when run in a Windows
5237:"Obsolete Products Life-Cycle Policy"
5187:from the original on January 28, 2011
4861:from the original on October 10, 2012
4851:"DOS 4.0: About volume serial number"
4312:from the original on December 9, 2021
4256:from the original on October 27, 2021
3601:from the original on October 26, 2020
3533:from the original on January 23, 2017
3249:Cunningham, Andrew (April 26, 2024).
2646:
2644:
2642:
2613:"Obsolete Products Life-Cycle Policy"
1195:versions ship with files from DOS 5.0
7:
6413:Microsoft Open Specification Promise
6122:Text Template Transformation Toolkit
5543:free and open-source software (FOSS)
5494:DOSBox, a multiplatform DOS emulator
5209:Goldstein, Phil (October 27, 2017).
5157:from the original on August 21, 2013
4917:from the original on August 22, 2017
4887:from the original on October 7, 2020
4831:from the original on October 2, 2020
4735:from the original on August 29, 2017
4672:from the original on October 7, 2020
4646:from the original on October 2, 2020
4620:from the original on October 1, 2020
4506:from the original on October 2, 2020
4480:from the original on October 1, 2020
4282:from the original on October 8, 2020
4172:from the original on October 2, 2020
4146:from the original on October 8, 2020
3727:from the original on October 2, 2020
3701:from the original on August 29, 2017
3671:from the original on August 29, 2017
3571:from the original on August 29, 2021
3106:from the original on August 10, 2019
3100:"Microsoft MS-DOS early source code"
3066:from the original on August 14, 2019
2846:"Personal Computer Announced by IBM"
2801:from the original on October 2, 2017
2222:adding citations to reliable sources
2107:When creating a DOS startup disk on
1775:adding citations to reliable sources
1675:, sued Microsoft for damages in the
1406:adding citations to reliable sources
688:Microsoft Research License Agreement
7399:Floppy disk-based operating systems
5361:Sedory, Daniel B. (March 9, 2018).
5308:from the original on March 29, 2021
4364:Somerson, Paul (October 16, 1984).
3215:Turner, Rich (September 28, 2018).
3196:from the original on March 28, 2014
2590:from the original on April 25, 2024
2304:MS-DOS compatible systems include:
2162:source code for MS-DOS 1.25 and 2.0
2058:-derived 32-bit operating systems (
1961:, optionally permitting the use of
745:Comparison of DOS operating systems
5373:from the original on March 9, 2018
5342:from the original on July 23, 2016
5213:. BizTech Magazine. Archived from
4805:from the original on June 12, 2018
4795:"DOS 4.0: the apparent cul-de-sac"
4594:from the original on July 15, 2019
4562:from the original on June 17, 2017
4454:from the original on July 15, 2019
4422:from the original on July 15, 2019
4345:from the original on June 12, 2018
4093:from the original on March 4, 2016
3962:from the original on July 15, 2019
3930:from the original on July 15, 2019
3898:from the original on June 12, 2018
3641:from the original on April 3, 2019
3344:; Peters, Chris; Phillips, Bruce;
3276:"Microsoft launches MS-DOS Mobile"
1995:emulators such as Microsoft's own
1987:(no longer sold by Microsoft) and
1835:have had an MS-DOS or MS-DOS-like
1255:MS-DOS 7/8 (as part of Windows 9x)
999:layer, remote file and printer API
686:available to the public under the
25:
4950:from the original on June 6, 2016
4717:Shultz, Greg (November 6, 2006).
3868:from the original on July 8, 2018
1305:'s OEM Service Release 2 through
1246:Version 6.22 (Retail) – New
751:Timeline of DOS operating systems
510:Timeline of DOS operating systems
7346:
7336:
7335:
6772:
6771:
6761:
6439:
6438:
6332:TPM 2.0 Reference Implementation
6167:Windows Communication Foundation
5942:Microsoft Automatic Graph Layout
5363:"Windows XP MS-DOS Startup Disk"
4881:"16BitOS - MS-DOS® Version 4.01"
4825:"16BitOS - MS-DOS® Version 4.00"
4614:"16BitOS - MS-DOS® Version 3.30"
4526:"16BitOS - MS DOS® Version 3.21"
4500:"16BitOS - MS-DOS® Version 3.20"
3661:"Microsoft DOS Version Features"
3597:(in German). February 10, 2020.
3182:Phipps, Simon (March 26, 2014).
2431: – an MS-DOS adaptation by
2369:
2194:
2160:In 2018, Microsoft released the
2079:versions of Windows NT prior to
1747:
1382:
795:, MS-DOS derivatives named DCP (
578:, and with MS-DOS emulating the
372:
350:Internet Archive MS-DOS overview
125:for versions 1.25, 2.11 and 4.00
57:
48:
7409:Free software operating systems
6423:Open Source Security Foundation
6194:Windows Presentation Foundation
5937:Managed Extensibility Framework
5247:. July 30, 2009. Archived from
5129:. February 1994. Archived from
5121:"How Safe is Disk Compression?"
3888:"DOS 2.0 and 2.1: Hello, UNIX!"
3332:; King, Adrian; Larson, Chris;
3098:Shustek, Len (March 24, 2014).
2766:. November 2013. Archived from
2623:. July 30, 2009. Archived from
2023:food service management system.
1928:that come with 32-bit Windows.
1444:On microcomputers based on the
1393:needs additional citations for
749:For a chronological guide, see
604:closely emulated IBM's hardware
421:Microsoft Disk Operating System
7429:Software using the MIT license
6483:Operating systems by Microsoft
6077:Python Tools for Visual Studio
6037:Open Management Infrastructure
5947:Microsoft C++ Standard Library
4992:"MS-DOS 6 Technical Reference"
3442:; Perez, Gary; Peters, Chris;
3352:(1986). "Technical advisors".
3274:Peters, Luke (April 1, 2015).
2986:Fiedler, Ryan (October 1983).
2957:Morgan, Chris (January 1982).
2544:"MS-DOS: A Brief Introduction"
1739:Windows command-line interface
1481:. CP/M-86 instead supported a
875:MS-DOS 2.11 boot disk for the
625:, which would also run on the
1:
7424:Proprietary operating systems
7404:Formerly proprietary software
5271:"Microsoft Support Lifecycle"
4758:"MS-DOS Partitioning Summary"
4302:"Toshiba Pasopia 16/T300/PAP"
3773:"Microsoft MS-DOS Informatie"
3138:Levin, Roy (March 25, 2014).
2548:The Linux Information Project
2031:in 1990, with an easy-to-use
1955:initialization determined by
1904:(a former product similar to
1165:cannot create more than one.
522:MS-DOS was a renamed form of
6364:Microsoft Reciprocal License
6042:Open Neural Network Exchange
5967:Microsoft Enterprise Library
5032:MS-DOS 6 Technical Reference
3562:VEB Robotron-Projekt Dresden
3524:VEB Robotron-Projekt Dresden
2409:History of Microsoft Windows
1983:All versions of Windows for
1592:fear, uncertainty, and doubt
7434:Products introduced in 1981
6878:Multitasking MS-DOS 4.0/4.1
6652:Windows Embedded Automotive
6548:Multitasking MS-DOS 4.0/4.1
6142:Virtual File System for Git
6017:Neural Network Intelligence
5952:Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit
4587:Ralf Brown's Interrupt List
4447:Ralf Brown's Interrupt List
4415:Ralf Brown's Interrupt List
4019:Ralf Brown's Interrupt List
3987:Ralf Brown's Interrupt List
3955:Ralf Brown's Interrupt List
3923:Ralf Brown's Interrupt List
3830:Upgrading and Repairing PCs
2732:. Micronews. Archived from
2377:Computer programming portal
1856:Earlier versions of Windows
1320:MS-DOS 8.0 was included in
1301:MS-DOS 7.1 was included in
1270:MS-DOS 7.0 was included in
1024:Version 3.22 (OEM) – (
904:Version 2.1 (OEM, IBM only)
526: – owned by
157:) / September 14, 2000
89:, later versions also used
7450:
7379:Assembly language software
7288:Technical Support SuperDOS
2584:Microsoft Open Source Blog
2580:"Open sourcing MS-DOS 4.0"
2507:"An Inside Look at MS-DOS"
2297:
1337:as a retail upgrade. With
1258:
1055:); Release date: July 1990
1048:); Release date: July 1987
748:
742:
657:breakup of the Bell System
600:Hardware Abstraction Layer
503:
480:several competing products
29:
7331:
6835:
6757:
6662:Windows Embedded Industry
6436:
6292:Extensible Storage Engine
6172:Windows Driver Frameworks
6082:R Tools for Visual Studio
5957:Microsoft Design Language
5557:Microsoft and open source
5499:Archive MS-DOS Collection
4552:"DOS 3.3: The Mature DOS"
3862:"Short History of MS-DOS"
3616:December 3, 2021, at the
3500:October 14, 2018, at the
2661:: Allan Pub. p. 14.
2515:. Seattle. Archived from
2512:Seattle Computer Products
2258:graphical user interfaces
1561:expanded memory manager,
1157:. Support up to four DOS
1073:MS-DOS 4.0 (multitasking)
1013:); Release date: May 1986
961:Version 2.3 (used on the
810:electronics manufacturer
760:"Software Bus 86" a.k.a.
661:AT&T Computer Systems
617:-based operating system,
528:Seattle Computer Products
360:
313:(v1.25, v2.0 & v4.00)
56:
47:
6657:Windows Embedded Compact
6418:Open Letter to Hobbyists
6359:Microsoft Public License
6257:(v1.25, v2.0 & v4.0)
6199:Windows Template Library
5897:Dynamic Language Runtime
5562:Shared Source Initiative
4911:"The x86 Interrupt List"
4249:(in Italian). Olivetti.
3591:"Computer P8000 compact"
2394:Bad command or file name
2043:product line through to
2033:graphical user interface
1693:Use of undocumented APIs
1668:Federal Trade Commission
1496:executable file format.
1315:logical block addressing
1208:German MS-DOS 6.2 Update
1191:) – All Windows NT
704:Free Software Foundation
457:graphical user interface
7419:Microsoft free software
5635:Windows Package Manager
4244:"Personal Computer M19"
3828:Mueller, Scott (1995).
3144:Official Microsoft Blog
3056:Computer History Museum
2821:"Microsoft DOS History"
2091:contains a copy of the
2039:(and continuing in the
1703:Microsoft's QuickPascal
1131:full-screen text editor
1067:MS-DOS 4.0 / MS-DOS 4.x
690:, which makes the code
474:Beginning in 1988 with
7414:Microcomputer software
7389:Disk operating systems
6988:Datapac System Manager
6819:Disk operating systems
6408:F# Software Foundation
3635:www.robotrontechnik.de
3398:July 15, 2019, at the
3050:(December 19, 2013) .
2756:"A history of Windows"
2690:July 15, 2006, at the
2085:Windows Server 2008 R2
2024:
1837:command-line interface
1828:
1817:
1707:Program Segment Prefix
1616:
1441:
1354:
1236:. Fix serious bugs in
1217:
1209:
1125:
982:
931:has MS-DOS 2.11 in ROM
880:
830:
700:Open Source Initiative
519:
159:; 24 years ago
135:; 43 years ago
6428:Outercurve Foundation
5982:Mixed Reality Toolkit
5183:. December 24, 2007.
5153:. November 23, 2009.
4909:(December 29, 2002).
3348:; Stillmaker, Betty;
3170:TeleVideo PC DOS 2.11
3126:TeleVideo PC DOS 2.11
3086:TeleVideo PC DOS 2.11
2789:Antov, Leven (1996).
2404:DOS memory management
2265:Microsoft Windows 1.0
2018:
1823:
1812:
1626:replacement for DOS,
1612:
1439:
1353:Japanese MS-DOS 6.2/V
1352:
1215:
1207:
1123:
977:
925:came with MS-DOS 2.11
874:
828:
684:TeleVideo PC DOS 2.11
556:IBM Personal Computer
518:MS-DOS command prompt
517:
504:Further information:
449:disk operating system
6749:Xbox system software
5917:Fluent Design System
5797:.NET Micro Framework
5460:on February 24, 2006
5429:on December 19, 2020
5399:on September 2, 2017
5338:. October 11, 2007.
3631:"Betriebssystem DCP"
2825:www.computerhope.com
2414:List of DOS commands
2218:improve this section
2186:Legacy compatibility
2027:The introduction of
1771:improve this section
1678:Caldera v. Microsoft
1555:Microsoft Anti-Virus
1402:improve this article
1051:Version 3.30T (OEM,
1044:Version 3.30A (OEM,
978:MS-DOS 3.3C for the
877:Leading Edge Model D
797:Disk Control Program
669:Santa Cruz Operation
493:programming language
439:mostly developed by
133:August 12, 1981
7148:DEC BATCH-11/DOS-11
6827:MS-DOS, IBM PC DOS,
6591:Nokia Asha platform
5640:WorldWide Telescope
5615:Microsoft PowerToys
5367:The Starman's Realm
5217:on January 26, 2018
5008:on January 27, 2014
3695:Pcmuseum.tripod.com
2924:(August 23, 1982).
2888:(August 23, 1982).
2791:"History of MS-DOS"
2736:on February 9, 2010
1232:as replacement for
1228:Version 6.2 –
1216:MS-DOS version 6.22
1109:Version 4.01a (OEM)
1009:Version 3.10 (OEM,
907:Version 2.11 (OEM)
758:Lifeboat Associates
729:application called
639:upwardly compatible
44:
7128:Concurrent DOS V60
7123:Concurrent DOS 68K
6968:Concurrent CP/M-86
6829:compatible systems
6637:Azure RTOS ThreadX
6204:Windows UI Library
6117:T2 Temporal Prover
6087:RecursiveExtractor
5749:Small Basic Online
5625:Windows Calculator
5078:Schulman, Andrew;
4698:on October 1, 2020
4532:on October 1, 2020
4390:on October 1, 2020
4198:on October 1, 2020
3809:on October 1, 2020
3753:on October 1, 2020
3595:robotrontechnik.de
2472:Up to 512 MB only.
2025:
1829:
1824:Command Prompt in
1818:
1487:filename extension
1442:
1355:
1345:Localized versions
1218:
1210:
1159:primary partitions
1126:
1124:MS-DOS version 5.0
1038:Version 3.3a (OEM)
1031:Version 3.25 (OEM)
983:
963:Toshiba Pasopia 16
881:
831:
641:with Xenix, which
609:Microsoft omitted
520:
463:operating system.
453:IBM PC compatibles
437:personal computers
7361:
7360:
6868:
6867:
6785:
6784:
6621:Windows 10 Mobile
6496:Microsoft Windows
6450:
6449:
6345:
6344:
6248:Operating systems
6239:Z3 Theorem Prover
6047:Open Service Mesh
5962:Microsoft Detours
5832:ASP.NET Web Forms
5770:development tools
5181:The Old New Thing
5133:on June 19, 2008.
4306:old-computers.com
4083:Microsoft Support
3783:on August 9, 2011
3446:; Pollock, John;
3166:Altos MS-DOS 2.11
3164:and a mixture of
3122:Altos MS-DOS 2.11
3120:and a mixture of
3082:Altos MS-DOS 2.11
3080:and a mixture of
2254:
2253:
2246:
1975:applications use
1833:Microsoft Windows
1813:MS-DOS Prompt in
1807:
1806:
1799:
1641:As a response to
1485:format using the
1434:
1433:
1426:
1151:upper memory area
680:Altos MS-DOS 2.11
678:and a mixture of
461:Microsoft Windows
365:
364:
16:(Redirected from
7441:
7350:
7349:
7339:
7338:
6833:
6812:
6805:
6798:
6789:
6775:
6774:
6765:
6764:
6596:Nokia X platform
6489:Desktop / Server
6477:
6470:
6463:
6454:
6442:
6441:
5912:Entity Framework
5610:Open Live Writer
5575:
5533:
5526:
5519:
5510:
5470:
5469:
5467:
5465:
5456:. Archived from
5445:
5439:
5438:
5436:
5434:
5425:. Archived from
5415:
5409:
5408:
5406:
5404:
5389:
5383:
5382:
5380:
5378:
5358:
5352:
5351:
5349:
5347:
5324:
5318:
5317:
5315:
5313:
5293:
5287:
5286:
5284:
5282:
5267:
5261:
5260:
5258:
5256:
5233:
5227:
5226:
5224:
5222:
5206:
5197:
5196:
5194:
5192:
5173:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5162:
5141:
5135:
5134:
5117:
5111:
5105:
5089:
5075:
5056:
5055:
5049:
5047:
5024:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5013:
5004:. Archived from
4988:
4982:
4979:
4973:
4969:
4967:
4959:
4957:
4955:
4933:
4927:
4926:
4924:
4922:
4903:
4897:
4896:
4894:
4892:
4877:
4871:
4870:
4868:
4866:
4847:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4836:
4821:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4810:
4791:
4782:
4781:
4779:
4777:
4772:on June 12, 2018
4768:. Archived from
4754:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4740:
4714:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4703:
4694:. Archived from
4688:
4682:
4681:
4679:
4677:
4662:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4651:
4636:
4630:
4629:
4627:
4625:
4610:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4599:
4578:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4567:
4548:
4542:
4541:
4539:
4537:
4528:. Archived from
4522:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4511:
4496:
4490:
4489:
4487:
4485:
4470:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4459:
4438:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4427:
4406:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4395:
4386:. Archived from
4380:
4374:
4373:
4361:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4350:
4331:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4317:
4298:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4287:
4272:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4261:
4255:
4248:
4240:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4229:
4214:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4203:
4194:. Archived from
4188:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4177:
4162:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4151:
4136:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4125:
4114:"DOS Marches On"
4109:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4098:
4075:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4061:
4046:"History of DOS"
4042:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4010:
4004:
4003:
4001:
3999:
3978:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3946:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3935:
3914:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3884:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3873:
3858:
3852:
3851:
3832:(5th ed.).
3825:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3814:
3805:. Archived from
3799:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3788:
3779:. Archived from
3769:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3749:. Archived from
3743:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3732:
3717:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3687:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3657:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3646:
3626:
3620:
3610:
3608:
3606:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3570:
3559:
3549:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3532:
3521:
3511:
3505:
3493:
3460:Petzold, Charles
3444:Petzold, Charles
3412:
3403:
3391:
3322:
3301:
3300:
3295:
3293:
3288:on April 2, 2015
3284:. Archived from
3271:
3265:
3264:
3246:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3179:
3173:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3135:
3129:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3095:
3089:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3012:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2983:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2886:Freiberger, Paul
2882:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2865:
2850:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2795:Digital Research
2786:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2730:patersontech.com
2721:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2700:
2694:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2671:. Archived from
2648:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2595:
2575:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2540:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2499:
2482:
2479:
2473:
2470:
2464:
2461:
2379:
2374:
2373:
2348:Digital Research
2263:Later, in 1985,
2249:
2242:
2238:
2235:
2229:
2198:
2190:
2116:
1978:
1968:
1960:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1879:
1831:All versions of
1802:
1795:
1791:
1788:
1782:
1751:
1743:
1688:
1684:
1651:Stac Electronics
1643:Digital Research
1566:disk compression
1547:Norton Utilities
1454:Digital Research
1429:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1409:
1386:
1378:
1313:file system and
1170:AST Premium Exec
1155:high memory area
805:
723:Microsoft Mobile
719:April Fool's Day
692:source-available
663:started selling
637:; they would be
536:Digital Research
429:operating system
423:, also known as
416:
410:
409:
406:
405:
402:
399:
396:
393:
390:
387:
384:
381:
378:
346:Official website
195:
190:
187:
185:
183:
167:
165:
160:
143:
141:
136:
61:
52:
45:
39:Operating system
21:
7449:
7448:
7444:
7443:
7442:
7440:
7439:
7438:
7364:
7363:
7362:
7357:
7327:
7066:Other platforms
7061:
7018:NetWare PalmDOS
6934:
6864:
6828:
6822:
6816:
6786:
6781:
6753:
6697:
6671:
6647:Modular Windows
6625:
6579:
6484:
6481:
6451:
6446:
6432:
6403:.NET Foundation
6391:
6368:
6341:
6275:
6243:
6224:XDP for Windows
6162:Windows App SDK
5922:Fluid Framework
5902:eBPF on Windows
5769:
5763:
5671:
5665:
5649:
5630:Windows Console
5566:
5545:
5537:
5479:
5474:
5473:
5463:
5461:
5447:
5446:
5442:
5432:
5430:
5417:
5416:
5412:
5402:
5400:
5391:
5390:
5386:
5376:
5374:
5360:
5359:
5355:
5345:
5343:
5326:
5325:
5321:
5311:
5309:
5295:
5294:
5290:
5280:
5278:
5269:
5268:
5264:
5254:
5252:
5251:on July 6, 2006
5235:
5234:
5230:
5220:
5218:
5208:
5207:
5200:
5190:
5188:
5175:
5174:
5170:
5160:
5158:
5143:
5142:
5138:
5119:
5118:
5114:
5102:
5077:
5076:
5059:
5045:
5043:
5026:
5025:
5021:
5011:
5009:
4990:
4989:
4985:
4970:
4960:
4953:
4951:
4935:
4934:
4930:
4920:
4918:
4905:
4904:
4900:
4890:
4888:
4879:
4878:
4874:
4864:
4862:
4849:
4848:
4844:
4834:
4832:
4823:
4822:
4818:
4808:
4806:
4793:
4792:
4785:
4775:
4773:
4756:
4755:
4748:
4738:
4736:
4729:CBS Interactive
4716:
4715:
4711:
4701:
4699:
4690:
4689:
4685:
4675:
4673:
4664:
4663:
4659:
4649:
4647:
4638:
4637:
4633:
4623:
4621:
4612:
4611:
4607:
4597:
4595:
4580:
4579:
4575:
4565:
4563:
4550:
4549:
4545:
4535:
4533:
4524:
4523:
4519:
4509:
4507:
4498:
4497:
4493:
4483:
4481:
4472:
4471:
4467:
4457:
4455:
4440:
4439:
4435:
4425:
4423:
4408:
4407:
4403:
4393:
4391:
4382:
4381:
4377:
4363:
4362:
4358:
4348:
4346:
4333:
4332:
4325:
4315:
4313:
4300:
4299:
4295:
4285:
4283:
4274:
4273:
4269:
4259:
4257:
4253:
4246:
4242:
4241:
4237:
4227:
4225:
4216:
4215:
4211:
4201:
4199:
4190:
4189:
4185:
4175:
4173:
4164:
4163:
4159:
4149:
4147:
4138:
4137:
4133:
4123:
4121:
4111:
4110:
4106:
4096:
4094:
4077:
4076:
4069:
4059:
4057:
4044:
4043:
4039:
4029:
4027:
4012:
4011:
4007:
3997:
3995:
3980:
3979:
3975:
3965:
3963:
3948:
3947:
3943:
3933:
3931:
3916:
3915:
3911:
3901:
3899:
3886:
3885:
3881:
3871:
3869:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3844:
3836:. p. 784.
3834:Que Corporation
3827:
3826:
3822:
3812:
3810:
3801:
3800:
3796:
3786:
3784:
3777:ultrawindows.nl
3771:
3770:
3766:
3756:
3754:
3745:
3744:
3740:
3730:
3728:
3719:
3718:
3714:
3704:
3702:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3674:
3672:
3659:
3658:
3654:
3644:
3642:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3618:Wayback Machine
3604:
3602:
3589:
3588:
3584:
3574:
3572:
3568:
3557:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3536:
3534:
3530:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3508:
3502:Wayback Machine
3474:
3464:Microsoft Press
3448:Reynolds, Aaron
3416:Zbikowski, Mark
3414:
3413:
3406:
3400:Wayback Machine
3372:
3362:Microsoft Press
3350:Zbikowski, Mark
3346:Reynolds, Aaron
3324:
3323:
3304:
3291:
3289:
3281:Microsoft Lumia
3273:
3272:
3268:
3248:
3247:
3240:
3230:
3228:
3214:
3213:
3209:
3199:
3197:
3181:
3180:
3176:
3162:SCP MS-DOS 1.25
3153:
3151:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3118:SCP MS-DOS 1.25
3109:
3107:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3078:SCP MS-DOS 1.25
3069:
3067:
3046:
3045:
3041:
3031:
3029:
3014:
3013:
3009:
2999:
2997:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2970:
2968:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2941:
2939:
2922:Swaine, Michael
2920:
2919:
2915:
2905:
2903:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2848:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2829:
2827:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2804:
2802:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2773:
2771:
2770:on May 10, 2015
2754:
2753:
2749:
2739:
2737:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2692:Wayback Machine
2678:
2676:
2675:on July 2, 2006
2669:
2659:London, Ontario
2650:
2649:
2640:
2630:
2628:
2627:on July 6, 2006
2611:
2610:
2606:
2593:
2591:
2577:
2576:
2567:
2557:
2555:
2542:
2541:
2532:
2522:
2520:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2485:
2480:
2476:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2458:
2453:
2375:
2368:
2365:
2342:Microsoft made
2302:
2296:
2294:Related systems
2250:
2239:
2233:
2230:
2215:
2199:
2188:
2123:virtual machine
2112:
2013:
1993:virtual machine
1976:
1966:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1886:
1877:
1858:
1803:
1792:
1786:
1783:
1768:
1752:
1741:
1695:
1686:
1682:
1639:
1604:Brad Silverberg
1523:Apple Macintosh
1430:
1419:
1413:
1410:
1399:
1387:
1376:
1347:
1282:box or with an
1267:
1259:Main articles:
1257:
1202:
1118:
1069:
972:
917:ITT Corporation
869:
839:SCP MS-DOS 1.25
823:
799:
778:IBM PC DOS
754:
747:
741:
676:SCP MS-DOS 1.25
552:CP/M filesystem
550:instead of the
512:
502:
445:IBM PC DOS
414:
375:
371:
316:
272:
224:Package manager
218:Re-installation
198:
180:
163:
161:
158:
139:
137:
134:
130:Initial release
64:
40:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7447:
7445:
7437:
7436:
7431:
7426:
7421:
7416:
7411:
7406:
7401:
7396:
7391:
7386:
7381:
7376:
7366:
7365:
7359:
7358:
7356:
7355:
7344:
7332:
7329:
7328:
7326:
7325:
7320:
7315:
7310:
7305:
7300:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7205:
7200:
7195:
7190:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7110:
7105:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7085:
7080:
7075:
7069:
7067:
7063:
7062:
7060:
7055:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6973:Concurrent DOS
6970:
6965:
6960:
6955:
6950:
6945:
6943:
6936:
6935:
6933:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6886:
6885:
6880:
6869:
6866:
6865:
6863:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6847:
6842:
6836:
6830:
6824:
6823:
6817:
6815:
6814:
6807:
6800:
6792:
6783:
6782:
6780:
6779:
6769:
6758:
6755:
6754:
6752:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6705:
6703:
6699:
6698:
6696:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6679:
6677:
6673:
6672:
6670:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6633:
6631:
6630:Embedded / IoT
6627:
6626:
6624:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6606:Windows Mobile
6603:
6598:
6593:
6587:
6585:
6581:
6580:
6578:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6566:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6535:
6534:
6533:
6528:
6523:
6518:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6492:
6490:
6486:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6479:
6472:
6465:
6457:
6448:
6447:
6437:
6434:
6433:
6431:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6399:
6397:
6393:
6392:
6390:
6389:
6384:
6378:
6376:
6370:
6369:
6367:
6366:
6361:
6355:
6353:
6347:
6346:
6343:
6342:
6340:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6283:
6281:
6277:
6276:
6274:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6251:
6249:
6245:
6244:
6242:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6185:
6184:
6179:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5972:Microsoft SEAL
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5787:.NET Gadgeteer
5784:
5782:.NET Framework
5779:
5773:
5771:
5765:
5764:
5762:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5739:Project Verona
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5675:
5673:
5667:
5666:
5664:
5663:
5657:
5655:
5651:
5650:
5648:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5585:3D Movie Maker
5581:
5579:
5572:
5568:
5567:
5565:
5564:
5559:
5553:
5551:
5547:
5546:
5538:
5536:
5535:
5528:
5521:
5513:
5507:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5478:
5477:External links
5475:
5472:
5471:
5448:Comerford, M.
5440:
5410:
5384:
5353:
5319:
5288:
5262:
5228:
5198:
5168:
5136:
5112:
5100:
5092:Addison Wesley
5080:Brown, Ralf D.
5057:
5019:
4983:
4928:
4907:Brown, Ralf D.
4898:
4872:
4842:
4816:
4783:
4746:
4709:
4683:
4657:
4631:
4605:
4573:
4543:
4517:
4491:
4465:
4433:
4401:
4375:
4356:
4323:
4293:
4267:
4235:
4209:
4183:
4157:
4131:
4104:
4067:
4037:
4005:
3973:
3941:
3909:
3879:
3853:
3842:
3820:
3794:
3764:
3738:
3712:
3682:
3652:
3621:
3582:
3544:
3506:
3472:
3456:Letwin, Gordon
3432:McDonald, Marc
3424:Ballmer, Steve
3404:
3370:
3334:Letwin, Gordon
3302:
3266:
3238:
3207:
3174:
3130:
3090:
3039:
3007:
2978:
2949:
2934:. p. 24.
2913:
2898:. p. 22.
2877:
2837:
2812:
2781:
2747:
2724:Conner, Doug.
2716:
2695:
2667:
2638:
2604:
2565:
2530:
2519:on May 6, 2017
2493:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2474:
2465:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2447:
2442:
2436:
2426:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2381:
2380:
2364:
2361:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2311:
2298:Main article:
2295:
2292:
2252:
2251:
2202:
2200:
2193:
2187:
2184:
2012:
2009:
1885:
1882:
1857:
1854:
1845:Command Prompt
1805:
1804:
1755:
1753:
1746:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1723:self-modifying
1715:
1694:
1691:
1638:
1635:
1573:Amstrad PC1512
1568:, and others.
1501:vendor lock-in
1432:
1431:
1390:
1388:
1381:
1375:
1372:
1346:
1343:
1331:
1330:
1318:
1299:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1244:
1241:
1226:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1099:
1077:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1056:
1049:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1007:
1000:
992:
991:
980:PC-9800 series
971:
968:
967:
966:
959:
956:
953:
950:
949:
948:
938:
932:
926:
920:
914:
905:
902:
899:
896:
868:
865:
864:
863:
862:
861:
860:
859:
856:
853:
850:
842:
841:
835:
822:
819:
791:In the former
743:Main article:
740:
737:
721:joke in 2015,
698:as defined by
627:Motorola 68000
501:
498:
419:; acronym for
363:
362:
358:
357:
356:Support status
353:
352:
347:
343:
342:
332:
328:
327:
322:
318:
317:
315:
314:
308:
302:
300:
294:
293:
275:
273:user interface
267:
266:
257:
253:
252:
247:
240:
239:
234:
230:
229:
226:
220:
219:
216:
212:
211:
206:
200:
199:
197:
196:
177:
175:
169:
168:
151:
145:
144:
131:
127:
126:
116:
112:
111:
108:
104:
103:
98:
94:
93:
84:
78:
77:
72:
66:
65:
62:
54:
53:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7446:
7435:
7432:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7412:
7410:
7407:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7397:
7395:
7392:
7390:
7387:
7385:
7382:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7374:1981 software
7372:
7371:
7369:
7354:
7345:
7343:
7334:
7333:
7330:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7263:Sinclair QDOS
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7118:Commodore DOS
7116:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7070:
7068:
7064:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7013:Multiuser DOS
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6969:
6966:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6942:
6937:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6884:
6881:
6879:
6876:
6875:
6874:
6871:
6870:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6837:
6834:
6831:
6825:
6820:
6813:
6808:
6806:
6801:
6799:
6794:
6793:
6790:
6778:
6770:
6768:
6760:
6759:
6756:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6706:
6704:
6700:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6680:
6678:
6674:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6634:
6632:
6628:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6611:Windows Phone
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6588:
6586:
6582:
6576:
6573:
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6568:
6564:
6561:
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6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
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6487:
6478:
6473:
6471:
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6445:
6435:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
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6414:
6411:
6409:
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6401:
6400:
6398:
6394:
6388:
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6380:
6379:
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6371:
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6362:
6360:
6357:
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6348:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6284:
6282:
6278:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6256:
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6252:
6250:
6246:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6189:Windows Forms
6187:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6174:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6157:Vowpal Wabbit
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
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6083:
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6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5827:ASP.NET Razor
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5774:
5772:
5766:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5676:
5674:
5668:
5662:
5659:
5658:
5656:
5652:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5595:Conference XP
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5582:
5580:
5576:
5573:
5569:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5554:
5552:
5548:
5544:
5541:
5534:
5529:
5527:
5522:
5520:
5515:
5514:
5511:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5484:
5483:MS-DOS Source
5481:
5480:
5476:
5459:
5455:
5451:
5444:
5441:
5428:
5424:
5420:
5414:
5411:
5398:
5394:
5388:
5385:
5372:
5368:
5364:
5357:
5354:
5341:
5337:
5333:
5329:
5323:
5320:
5307:
5303:
5302:Computerworld
5299:
5292:
5289:
5276:
5273:. Microsoft.
5272:
5266:
5263:
5250:
5246:
5242:
5238:
5232:
5229:
5216:
5212:
5205:
5203:
5199:
5186:
5182:
5178:
5172:
5169:
5156:
5152:
5151:
5146:
5140:
5137:
5132:
5128:
5127:
5126:BYTE Magazine
5122:
5116:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5103:
5101:0-201-63287-X
5097:
5093:
5088:
5087:
5081:
5074:
5072:
5070:
5068:
5066:
5064:
5062:
5058:
5053:
5041:
5037:
5033:
5029:
5023:
5020:
5007:
5003:
4999:
4998:
4993:
4987:
4984:
4981:
4977:
4965:
4949:
4945:
4941:
4940:
4932:
4929:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4902:
4899:
4886:
4882:
4876:
4873:
4865:September 27,
4860:
4856:
4852:
4846:
4843:
4830:
4826:
4820:
4817:
4804:
4800:
4796:
4790:
4788:
4784:
4771:
4767:
4763:
4759:
4753:
4751:
4747:
4734:
4730:
4726:
4725:
4720:
4713:
4710:
4697:
4693:
4687:
4684:
4671:
4667:
4661:
4658:
4645:
4641:
4635:
4632:
4619:
4615:
4609:
4606:
4593:
4589:
4588:
4583:
4577:
4574:
4561:
4557:
4553:
4547:
4544:
4531:
4527:
4521:
4518:
4505:
4501:
4495:
4492:
4479:
4475:
4469:
4466:
4453:
4449:
4448:
4443:
4437:
4434:
4421:
4417:
4416:
4411:
4405:
4402:
4389:
4385:
4379:
4376:
4371:
4367:
4360:
4357:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4330:
4328:
4324:
4311:
4307:
4303:
4297:
4294:
4281:
4277:
4271:
4268:
4252:
4245:
4239:
4236:
4223:
4219:
4213:
4210:
4197:
4193:
4187:
4184:
4171:
4167:
4161:
4158:
4145:
4141:
4135:
4132:
4119:
4115:
4112:Rose, David.
4108:
4105:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4074:
4072:
4068:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4041:
4038:
4025:
4021:
4020:
4015:
4009:
4006:
3993:
3989:
3988:
3983:
3977:
3974:
3961:
3957:
3956:
3951:
3945:
3942:
3929:
3925:
3924:
3919:
3913:
3910:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3883:
3880:
3867:
3863:
3857:
3854:
3850:
3845:
3843:0-7897-0321-1
3839:
3835:
3831:
3824:
3821:
3808:
3804:
3798:
3795:
3787:September 27,
3782:
3778:
3774:
3768:
3765:
3752:
3748:
3742:
3739:
3726:
3722:
3716:
3713:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3691:"DOS history"
3686:
3683:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3656:
3653:
3640:
3637:(in German).
3636:
3632:
3625:
3622:
3619:
3615:
3612:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3586:
3583:
3567:
3563:
3556:
3555:
3548:
3545:
3529:
3525:
3518:
3517:
3510:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3496:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3473:1-55615-049-0
3469:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3440:Paterson, Tim
3437:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3411:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3394:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3371:0-914845-69-1
3367:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3342:Paterson, Tim
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3287:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3270:
3267:
3263:
3258:
3257:
3252:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3231:September 29,
3226:
3222:
3218:
3211:
3208:
3195:
3191:
3190:
3185:
3178:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3134:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3105:
3101:
3094:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3048:Paterson, Tim
3043:
3040:
3027:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3011:
3008:
2996:. p. 132
2995:
2994:
2989:
2982:
2979:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2953:
2950:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2927:
2923:
2917:
2914:
2901:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2887:
2881:
2878:
2870:September 27,
2862:
2858:
2854:
2847:
2841:
2838:
2826:
2822:
2816:
2813:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2785:
2782:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2760:microsoft.com
2757:
2751:
2748:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2720:
2717:
2705:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2689:
2686:
2674:
2670:
2668:0-9689108-0-7
2664:
2660:
2656:
2655:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2518:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2505:(June 1983).
2504:
2503:Paterson, Tim
2498:
2495:
2488:
2478:
2475:
2469:
2466:
2460:
2457:
2450:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2439:Win32 console
2437:
2434:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2349:
2345:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2259:
2248:
2245:
2237:
2234:February 2022
2227:
2223:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2203:This section
2201:
2197:
2192:
2191:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2176:pull requests
2172:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2109:Windows Vista
2105:
2103:
2099:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2050:
2049:bootstrapping
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2022:
2017:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1999:, as well as
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1974:
1973:Win32 console
1970:
1964:
1963:Win32 console
1959:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1890:
1883:
1881:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1841:MS-DOS Prompt
1838:
1834:
1827:
1822:
1816:
1811:
1801:
1798:
1790:
1787:February 2022
1780:
1776:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1756:This section
1754:
1750:
1745:
1744:
1738:
1732:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1713:
1708:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1692:
1690:
1687:$ 280 million
1683:$ 150 million
1680:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1663:
1659:
1656:
1655:due diligence
1652:
1648:
1644:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1615:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1585:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1542:
1540:
1539:look and feel
1536:
1531:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1502:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1438:
1428:
1425:
1417:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1391:This section
1389:
1385:
1380:
1379:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1351:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1254:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1206:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1115:
1108:
1105:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1001:
998:
994:
993:
989:
985:
984:
981:
976:
969:
964:
960:
957:
954:
951:
946:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
929:Tandy 1000 HX
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
908:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
893:
892:
890:
886:
879:in its sleeve
878:
873:
866:
857:
854:
851:
848:
847:
846:
845:
844:
843:
840:
836:
833:
832:
827:
820:
818:
815:
813:
809:
803:
798:
794:
789:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
752:
746:
738:
736:
734:
732:
731:MS-DOS Mobile
728:
727:Windows Phone
724:
720:
715:
713:
712:free software
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
672:
670:
666:
665:UNIX System V
662:
658:
654:
650:
649:multi-tasking
646:
645:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
607:
605:
601:
596:
594:
589:
585:
581:
580:same solution
577:
571:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
530:, written by
529:
525:
516:
511:
507:
499:
497:
494:
489:
485:
481:
477:
472:
469:
464:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
425:Microsoft DOS
422:
418:
417:
408:
369:
359:
354:
351:
348:
344:
340:
336:
333:
329:
326:
323:
319:
312:
309:
307:
304:
303:
301:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
276:
274:
268:
265:
261:
258:
256:Influenced by
254:
251:
248:
245:
241:
238:
235:
231:
227:
225:
221:
217:
215:Update method
213:
210:
207:
205:
201:
194:
189:
179:
178:
176:
174:
170:
156:
152:
150:
149:Final release
146:
132:
128:
124:
120:
119:Closed source
117:
113:
109:
107:Working state
105:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
83:
79:
76:
73:
71:
67:
60:
55:
51:
46:
37:
33:
19:
7394:DOS variants
7138:Cromemco DOS
7093:Apple ProDOS
6872:
6642:Azure Sphere
6537:
6254:
6127:TLA+ Toolbox
6052:Open XML SDK
5872:CLR Profiler
5817:ASP.NET Core
5812:ASP.NET AJAX
5759:Visual Basic
5605:File Manager
5578:Applications
5462:. Retrieved
5458:the original
5453:
5443:
5431:. Retrieved
5427:the original
5422:
5413:
5401:. Retrieved
5397:the original
5387:
5375:. Retrieved
5366:
5356:
5344:. Retrieved
5331:
5322:
5312:February 16,
5310:. Retrieved
5301:
5291:
5279:. Retrieved
5265:
5253:. Retrieved
5249:the original
5240:
5231:
5219:. Retrieved
5215:the original
5189:. Retrieved
5180:
5171:
5159:. Retrieved
5148:
5139:
5131:the original
5124:
5115:
5085:
5050:– via
5044:. Retrieved
5038:. ANSI.SYS.
5031:
5022:
5012:February 13,
5010:. Retrieved
5006:the original
4995:
4986:
4952:. Retrieved
4943:
4938:
4931:
4919:. Retrieved
4901:
4889:. Retrieved
4875:
4863:. Retrieved
4854:
4845:
4833:. Retrieved
4819:
4807:. Retrieved
4798:
4774:. Retrieved
4770:the original
4761:
4737:. Retrieved
4724:TechRepublic
4722:
4712:
4700:. Retrieved
4696:the original
4686:
4674:. Retrieved
4660:
4648:. Retrieved
4634:
4622:. Retrieved
4608:
4596:. Retrieved
4585:
4576:
4564:. Retrieved
4555:
4546:
4534:. Retrieved
4530:the original
4520:
4508:. Retrieved
4494:
4482:. Retrieved
4468:
4456:. Retrieved
4445:
4436:
4424:. Retrieved
4413:
4404:
4392:. Retrieved
4388:the original
4378:
4369:
4359:
4347:. Retrieved
4338:
4316:December 29,
4314:. Retrieved
4305:
4296:
4284:. Retrieved
4270:
4260:December 29,
4258:. Retrieved
4238:
4226:. Retrieved
4212:
4200:. Retrieved
4196:the original
4186:
4174:. Retrieved
4160:
4148:. Retrieved
4134:
4122:. Retrieved
4117:
4107:
4095:. Retrieved
4082:
4058:. Retrieved
4050:PC DOS Retro
4049:
4040:
4028:. Retrieved
4017:
4008:
3996:. Retrieved
3985:
3976:
3964:. Retrieved
3953:
3944:
3932:. Retrieved
3921:
3912:
3900:. Retrieved
3891:
3882:
3870:. Retrieved
3856:
3847:
3829:
3823:
3811:. Retrieved
3807:the original
3797:
3785:. Retrieved
3781:the original
3776:
3767:
3755:. Retrieved
3751:the original
3741:
3729:. Retrieved
3715:
3703:. Retrieved
3694:
3685:
3673:. Retrieved
3664:
3655:
3643:. Retrieved
3634:
3624:
3603:. Retrieved
3594:
3585:
3573:. Retrieved
3553:
3547:
3535:. Retrieved
3515:
3509:
3451:
3353:
3297:
3290:. Retrieved
3286:the original
3279:
3269:
3260:
3256:Ars Technica
3254:
3229:. Retrieved
3220:
3210:
3198:. Retrieved
3187:
3177:
3152:. Retrieved
3143:
3133:
3108:. Retrieved
3093:
3068:. Retrieved
3042:
3030:. Retrieved
3019:
3010:
2998:. Retrieved
2991:
2981:
2969:. Retrieved
2962:
2952:
2940:. Retrieved
2929:
2916:
2904:. Retrieved
2893:
2880:
2868:. Retrieved
2852:
2840:
2828:. Retrieved
2824:
2815:
2803:. Retrieved
2794:
2784:
2772:. Retrieved
2768:the original
2759:
2750:
2738:. Retrieved
2734:the original
2729:
2719:
2707:. Retrieved
2698:
2677:. Retrieved
2673:the original
2653:
2629:. Retrieved
2625:the original
2616:
2607:
2599:
2592:. Retrieved
2583:
2558:December 14,
2556:. Retrieved
2547:
2521:. Retrieved
2517:the original
2510:
2497:
2477:
2468:
2459:
2435:for FM Towns
2357:
2353:
2341:
2303:
2274:
2262:
2255:
2240:
2231:
2216:Please help
2204:
2173:
2170:
2159:
2136:
2106:
2098:AUTOEXEC.BAT
2053:
2026:
1982:
1971:
1958:_DEFAULT.PIF
1941:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1895:
1893:emulations.
1891:
1887:
1859:
1830:
1793:
1784:
1769:Please help
1757:
1696:
1676:
1664:
1660:
1640:
1637:Legal issues
1632:
1617:
1613:
1607:
1599:
1595:
1589:
1581:
1570:
1543:
1532:
1527:Commodore 64
1516:
1505:
1498:
1470:applications
1443:
1420:
1411:
1400:Please help
1395:verification
1392:
1356:
1332:
1280:Virtual 8086
1250:compression.
1185:Version 5.50
1090:, could use
923:Olivetti M19
882:
816:
812:VEB Robotron
793:Eastern bloc
790:
755:
735:
730:
716:
673:
642:
622:
608:
597:
572:
532:Tim Paterson
521:
488:floppy disks
473:
465:
424:
420:
367:
366:
331:Succeeded by
278:Command-line
204:Available in
115:Source model
87:x86 assembly
36:
7283:SpartaDOS X
6734:Singularity
6709:Azure Linux
6688:LAN Manager
6667:Windows IoT
6271:Azure Linux
6002:MonoDevelop
5822:ASP.NET MVC
5768:Frameworks,
5670:Programming
5654:Video games
5645:XML Notepad
5600:Family.Show
5403:January 26,
5281:February 7,
5221:January 26,
5161:October 22,
4972:|work=
4921:October 14,
4799:OS/2 Museum
4556:OS/2 Museum
4339:OS/2 Museum
3892:OS/2 Museum
3605:December 3,
3575:December 3,
3537:December 3,
3436:O'Rear, Bob
3428:Gates, Bill
3420:Allen, Paul
3358:Socha, John
3338:O'Rear, Bob
3330:Gates, Bill
3326:Allen, Paul
3032:January 31,
3000:January 30,
2971:October 19,
2967:. p. 6
2942:January 29,
2906:January 29,
2740:December 5,
2709:January 30,
2679:December 5,
2389:COMMAND.COM
2147:Intel 80286
2114:COMMAND.COM
2029:Windows 3.0
2011:End-of-life
1969:directive.
1967:NTCMDPROMPT
1949:AUTOEXEC.NT
1945:COMMAND.COM
1878:COMMAND.COM
1620:Windows 3.0
1483:relocatable
1374:Competition
1339:PC DOS
1161:, although
1086:/FASTSEEK,
808:East German
800: [
725:launched a
708:MIT License
696:open source
659:, however,
631:Zilog Z8000
468:PC DOS
321:Preceded by
311:MIT License
306:Proprietary
282:COMMAND.COM
123:open source
7368:Categories
7033:PC-MOS/386
7023:Novell DOS
6920:SISNE plus
6910:Novell DOS
6890:IBM PC DOS
6850:Comparison
6714:Barrelfish
6337:WikiBhasha
6312:Project Mu
6287:ChronoZoom
6261:Barrelfish
6097:Sandcastle
6062:Playwright
5867:ChakraCore
5842:Babylon.js
5754:TypeScript
5734:PowerShell
5709:IronPython
5661:Allegiance
4739:August 29,
3705:August 29,
3675:August 29,
2489:References
2344:IBM PC DOS
2318:Novell DOS
2309:IBM PC DOS
2288:Windows 11
2280:Windows NT
2276:Windows 9x
2143:Intel 8086
2139:Intel 8088
2132:Windows 11
2119:Windows 10
2102:CONFIG.SYS
2093:Windows Me
2089:Windows XP
2081:Windows 11
2060:Windows NT
2056:Windows NT
2045:Windows Me
2041:Windows 9x
2037:Windows 95
1997:Virtual PC
1884:Windows NT
1866:Windows 95
1826:Windows 10
1815:Windows 95
1647:DR DOS 6.0
1628:Windows NT
1466:Executable
1446:Intel 8086
1414:April 2010
1335:DR-DOS 5.0
1326:Windows XP
1322:Windows Me
1307:Windows 98
1303:Windows 95
1296:MS-DOS API
1284:LFN driver
1272:Windows 95
1265:Windows 9x
1200:MS-DOS 6.x
1116:MS-DOS 5.x
1035:operations
970:MS-DOS 3.x
867:MS-DOS 2.x
821:MS-DOS 1.x
766:COMPAQ-DOS
694:, but not
633:, and the
611:multi-user
593:Tandy 2000
484:Intel 8086
339:Windows XP
335:Windows NT
250:Monolithic
186:/microsoft
173:Repository
164:2000-09-14
155:Windows Me
140:1981-08-12
82:Written in
18:MS-DOS 6.0
7278:SpartaDOS
7233:NewDos/80
7108:Atari TOS
7103:Atari DOS
7098:Apple SOS
7088:Apple DOS
6317:ReactiveX
6234:xUnit.net
6147:Voldemort
6112:SVNBridge
5927:Infer.NET
5882:DeepSpeed
5857:C++/WinRT
5847:BitFunnel
5792:.NET MAUI
5672:languages
5540:Microsoft
5454:PowerLoad
5336:Microsoft
5245:Microsoft
5036:Microsoft
5028:"Country"
5002:Microsoft
4974:ignored (
4964:cite book
4766:Microsoft
4087:Microsoft
3849:properly.
3645:April 28,
3388:635600205
3200:March 27,
3189:InfoWorld
3154:March 29,
3110:March 29,
3070:March 25,
3060:Microsoft
3021:InfoWorld
2931:InfoWorld
2895:InfoWorld
2764:Microsoft
2621:Microsoft
2594:April 26,
2523:April 16,
2419:Tao ExDOS
2205:does not
1953:CONFIG.NT
1906:VirtualPC
1758:does not
1734:products.
1719:AARD code
1596:InfoWorld
1364:RDOS 4.01
1187:(Windows
1147:HIMEM.SYS
1011:Multitech
935:TeleVideo
441:Microsoft
290:DOS Shell
233:Platforms
97:OS family
75:Microsoft
70:Developer
7342:Category
7308:TurboDOS
7273:SmartDOS
7213:MicroDOS
7073:AmigaDOS
7058:TurboDOS
7053:Towns OS
6998:K8918-OS
6993:DOS Plus
6883:MS-DOS 7
6855:Commands
6845:Timeline
6777:Category
6553:MS-DOS 7
6444:Category
6382:CodePlex
6351:Licenses
6297:FlexWiki
6107:StyleCop
6067:ProcDump
5992:mod_mono
5977:mimalloc
5932:LightGBM
5907:Electron
5837:Avalonia
5729:Power Fx
5714:IronRuby
5704:GW-BASIC
5620:Terminal
5571:Software
5550:Overview
5464:June 18,
5433:March 3,
5377:March 9,
5371:Archived
5340:Archived
5306:Archived
5275:Archived
5255:April 6,
5191:June 30,
5185:Archived
5155:Archived
5046:April 1,
5040:Archived
4948:Archived
4915:Archived
4891:March 3,
4885:Archived
4859:Archived
4855:Faqs.org
4835:March 3,
4829:Archived
4809:June 10,
4803:Archived
4776:June 11,
4733:Archived
4702:March 3,
4676:March 3,
4670:Archived
4650:March 3,
4644:Archived
4624:March 3,
4618:Archived
4598:June 10,
4592:Archived
4566:June 10,
4560:Archived
4536:March 3,
4510:March 3,
4504:Archived
4484:March 3,
4478:Archived
4458:June 10,
4452:Archived
4426:June 10,
4420:Archived
4394:March 3,
4349:June 10,
4343:Archived
4310:Archived
4286:March 3,
4280:Archived
4251:Archived
4228:March 3,
4222:Archived
4202:March 3,
4176:March 3,
4170:Archived
4150:March 3,
4144:Archived
4097:June 11,
4091:Archived
4060:July 29,
4054:Archived
4030:June 10,
4024:Archived
3998:June 10,
3992:Archived
3966:June 10,
3960:Archived
3934:July 10,
3928:Archived
3902:July 29,
3896:Archived
3866:Archived
3813:March 3,
3757:March 3,
3731:March 3,
3725:Archived
3699:Archived
3669:Archived
3639:Archived
3614:Archived
3599:Archived
3566:Archived
3528:Archived
3498:Archived
3490:16581341
3482:87-21452
3396:Archived
3292:April 2,
3225:Archived
3194:Archived
3148:Archived
3104:Archived
3064:Archived
3026:Archived
2936:Archived
2900:Archived
2861:Archived
2799:Archived
2688:Archived
2631:April 6,
2588:Archived
2552:Archived
2429:Towns OS
2363:See also
1577:DOS Plus
1551:PC Tools
1521:, early
1519:Apple II
1456:, whose
1261:MS-DOS 7
1248:DRVSPACE
1238:DBLSPACE
1230:SCANDISK
1174:codepage
1088:DOSSHELL
1084:FASTOPEN
889:ANSI.SYS
739:Versions
584:DOS BIOS
427:) is an
7323:Z80-RIO
7293:Top-DOS
7248:RealDOS
7223:MSX-DOS
7158:DOS/360
7153:DIP DOS
7143:CSI-DOS
7048:SCP1700
7038:REAL/32
7028:OpenDOS
7008:MP/M-86
6978:CP/M-86
6953:4690 OS
6948:4680 OS
6930:FreeDOS
6925:PTS-DOS
6915:ROM-DOS
6676:Network
6543:MSX-DOS
6396:Related
6214:WinObjC
6132:U-Prove
6102:SignalR
6072:ProcMon
6057:Orleans
6032:OneFuzz
6007:MSBuild
5887:DiskSpd
5807:ASP.NET
5346:May 26,
5332:Support
5241:Support
5150:Groklaw
5052:TechNet
4997:TechNet
4954:June 6,
4762:Support
4124:July 8,
3872:July 8,
3380:86-8640
3262:system.
2853:ibm.com
2830:May 23,
2774:May 10,
2617:Support
2433:Fujitsu
2425:systems
2423:Windows
2337:ROM-DOS
2332:PTS-DOS
2327:FreeDOS
2322:OpenDOS
2226:removed
2211:sources
2155:FreeDOS
2128:FreeDOS
2071:called
2021:US Navy
1985:Itanium
1977:CMD.EXE
1918:TCC.EXE
1914:4NT.EXE
1910:CMD.EXE
1839:called
1779:removed
1764:sources
1673:Caldera
1608:PC Week
1600:PC Week
1563:Stacker
1479:CP/M-80
1462:CP/M-86
1176:support
1026:HP 95LX
941:Toshiba
786:PTS-DOS
770:NCR-DOS
671:(SCO).
500:History
435:-based
337:(since
298:License
271:Default
260:TOPS-10
209:English
188:/MS-DOS
162: (
138: (
7351:
7340:
7303:TRSDOS
7298:TR-DOS
7198:iS-DOS
7188:IDEDOS
7183:GEMDOS
7163:DOS XL
7113:BW-DOS
7078:AMSDOS
7003:FlexOS
6958:86-DOS
6939:Other
6900:DR-DOS
6873:MS-DOS
6729:Midori
6724:HomeOS
6702:Others
6683:MS-Net
6601:KIN OS
6584:Mobile
6538:MS-DOS
6387:GitHub
6374:Forges
6307:Gollum
6255:MS-DOS
6092:Roslyn
6012:MsQuic
5987:ML.NET
5852:Blazor
5802:AirSim
5679:Bosque
5423:GitHub
5098:
3840:
3488:
3480:
3470:
3386:
3378:
3368:
2805:May 6,
2665:
2399:DOSBox
2314:DR-DOS
2166:GitHub
2145:, and
2077:64-bit
2005:DOSBox
2001:VMware
1989:x86-64
1902:SoftPC
1872:, and
1862:16-bit
1712:QuickC
1584:DR-DOS
1525:, the
1288:IO.SYS
1234:CHKDSK
1223:QBasic
1193:32-bit
1060:FAT16B
947:laptop
782:DR-DOS
762:SB-DOS
717:As an
635:LSI-11
568:IBM PC
564:PC DOS
524:86-DOS
476:DR-DOS
413:em-es-
368:MS-DOS
325:86-DOS
244:Kernel
182:github
43:MS-DOS
7318:Z-DOS
7253:SB-80
7243:PTDOS
7228:MyDOS
7193:IMDOS
7083:ANDOS
7043:SB-86
6905:H-DOS
6895:DOS/V
6860:Games
6821:(DOS)
6744:Verve
6739:Venus
6719:Cairo
6693:SONiC
6575:Xenix
6563:Z-DOS
6558:DOS/V
6327:TLAPS
6302:FourQ
6280:Other
6266:SONiC
6209:WinJS
6137:vcpkg
6027:NuGet
5892:Dryad
5689:Dafny
4942:[
4254:(PDF)
4247:(PDF)
3569:(PDF)
3558:(PDF)
3531:(PDF)
3520:(PDF)
2864:(PDF)
2849:(PDF)
2451:Notes
2284:NTVDM
2083:(and
2073:NTVDM
1926:EDLIN
1922:DEBUG
1898:NTVDM
1849:POSIX
1512:Xenix
1360:DOS/V
1329:8.00.
1311:FAT32
1189:NTVDM
1163:FDISK
1141:file
1135:SHARE
1076:below
1053:Tandy
1004:XCOPY
988:FAT16
945:T1000
911:Altos
885:FAT12
804:]
774:Z-DOS
623:XEDOS
619:Xenix
548:FAT12
153:8.0 (
7353:List
7313:UDOS
7268:RDOS
7238:OS/M
7218:MP/M
7208:MDOS
7203:ISIS
7178:FLEX
7168:Edos
7133:CP/M
6983:CP/K
6963:ADOS
6767:List
6616:Zune
6570:OS/2
6521:3.1x
6511:2.1x
6506:2.0x
6501:1.0x
6322:SILK
6182:UMDF
6177:KMDF
6152:VoTT
5997:Mono
5877:Dapr
5777:.NET
5719:Lean
5590:Atom
5466:2015
5435:2021
5405:2018
5379:2018
5348:2016
5314:2021
5283:2015
5257:2010
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