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71:
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24:
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painted her funnels black and painted out the
Japanese flags on her hull and deck. On 27 July, a notice was posted that the ship was ordered back to Japan; however, after 36 hours, another notice was posted stating that the ship would resume her original course, and she docked in Honolulu on 31 July.
367:
service, coming into operation from autumn of 1929 In NYK advertising these ships were characterized as "The Queen of the Sea." Principal ports-of-call included Hong Kong, Shanghai, Kobe, Yokohama, Honolulu, Los
Angeles & San Francisco. The trip from Yokohama to San Francisco typically took 15
571:
tankers, claiming that they were German military personnel The
Government of Japan formally protested the action, on the basis of Article 47, of the 1909 London Declaration, which states that only persons actually enlisted in the armed services of belligerent nations could be removed from the ships
512:, an 18,765-ton Italian passenger liner which had also broken loose from her moorings. She was refloated on 12 September after two of her engines and other items were removed to reduce weight, and repaired at Nagasaki from 2 April through 15 September.
572:
of neutral countries. Moreover, the fact that the incident had occurred so close to the shores of Japan further escalated tensions between the two countries. Despite the upsurge in anti-British sentiment in Japan, the government of Prime
Minister
739:
and 430 other
American diplomats, along with members of the Spanish embassy in Japan. On reaching Hong Kong on 29 June, she embarked an additional 377 Americans, Canadians and other Allied nationals who had been held for 44 months at the
576:
took a more conciliatory approach. In return for promising not to offer passage to certain categories of military age
Germans in the future, the British agreed to return some of the detained passengers. On 29 February, as
394:
provided accommodation for 222 first-class passengers and for 96 second-class passengers. There was also room for up to 504 third-class passengers. The ship and passengers were served by a crew of 330.
903:
was torpedoed twice in the starboard side, hitting both the main and the auxiliary engine rooms. A few minutes later, two more torpedoes in the starboard side exploded to flood the No.3 and No.4 holds.
680:. On 6 November, she departed for Singapore to evacuate 450 Japanese civilians, arriving in Kobe on 26 November. This was to be her last civilian voyage, as she was requisitioned by the
781:
was placed back in served as a troopship and transport, shuttling men and supplies from Japan to various points in
Southeast Asia. On 10 October, she was assigned to carry 1000 Allied
1468:
1448:
1473:
388:, two funnels, two masts, quadruple screws and a service speed of 21 knots. Only one funnel was actually necessary, but a second one was added for the sake of appearance.
867:
from China to the
Philippines. Despite constant attacks by American submarines and aircraft, over 12,000 men were successfully sent to reinforce the Japanese garrison at
1082:
Clark, Ronald
William, 1977, The Man Who Broke Purple: The Life of Colonel William F. Friedman, Who Deciphered the Japanese Code in World War II, Little Brown & Co,
927:
1458:
717:
1443:
1483:
1478:
1463:
768:), businessmen and journalists in the United States and Brazil at the time of the outbreak of war, who had been transported to this location on the
657:
She departed
Honolulu for San Francisco on 1 August; however, on 4 August she was again recalled to Japan, arriving back at Yokohama on 10 August.
1384:
1349:
1277:
1244:
864:
649:
908:
sank stern first less than ten minutes later. Survivors rescued included 103 men from her 201-man crew and 1028 of her 1383 passengers.
1341:
Transpacific steam: the story of steam navigation from the Pacific Coast of North America to the Far East and the Antipodes, 1867–1941.
1060:
Transpacific Steam: The Story of Steam Navigation from the Pacific Coast of North America to the Far East and the Antipodes, 1867–1941
994:
1453:
425:
was launched on 30 October 1928 and left Yokohama on 11 October 1929 on her maiden voyage to California, arriving on 24 October.
337:
set a record of her maiden voyage to California, and surpassed this record on her fourth voyage from Yokohama to San Francisco.
760:
on 22 July, she was carrying 789 civilians. These were exchanged for 1500 Japanese and Siamese diplomats (including Ambassador
563:
to board, provided that the coast of Japan was not within sight. She initially refused to stop, but was forced to do so after
1428:
1221:
1201:
1087:
1067:
615:
429:
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On 29 June 1941, she was chartered by the German government to evacuate 666 German and Italian nationals detained in the
1488:
1433:
567:
fired a blank round. An armed boarding party removed 21 of the ship's passengers, all former officers or technicians of
486:
875:
embarked 1383 military and civilian personnel, including survivors of sunken merchant vessels, as well as 170 tons of
399:
316:
89:
735:
of the prewar diplomatic staffs of Japan and the Allied nations. She departed Yokohama on 25 June with US Ambassador
1013:
978:
775:. She returned to Yokohama on 20 August, and was requisitioned again by the Imperial Japanese Navy on 5 September.
384:
The 16,975-ton vessel had a length of 583 feet (178 m), and a beam of 71 feet (22 m). The ship had four
721:
626:
560:
1045:
741:
622:
879:, 80 tons of hemp, 80 tons of raw rubber and other supplies. On 1 November, the convoy was attacked in the
860:
757:
693:
681:
586:
184:
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to Nagasaki. This was the first of several voyages to transport Allied prisoners, which would later earn
43:
1438:
1323:
827:
475:
385:
220:
917:
813:
529:
525:
448:
1423:
769:
753:
589:
539:
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611:, travelling in disguise as American students were on board, and reached Yokohama on 12 November.
1377:
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546:
402:
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92:
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departed San Francisco. During this voyage, 14 crewmen (six officers and eight sailors) of the
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1353:
1345:
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1240:
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1083:
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456:
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received orders to heave to and stop. On 26 July, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed an
1181:
991:
823:), but was alerted in time by her hydrophone operator and was able to take evasive action.
274:
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998:
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was departing Yokohama, nine of the previously captured German civilians were returned to
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163:
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had 51 German citizens on her passenger manifest. On 21 January, she was intercepted in
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506:
452:
328:
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1417:
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536:
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359:
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545:. The British had received intelligence that crewmen from the scuttled German liner
368:
days, with fares starting from $ 190 in second class and from $ 315 in first class.
922:
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732:
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471:
376:
353:
312:
78:
74:
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during festivities marking the ship's first anniversary of Trans-Pacific service.
1370:
1234:
1021:
979:"Plan of Passenger Accommodation Motor Ships 'Asama Maru' & ' Tatsuta Maru,'"
428:
During a subsequent crossing, upon arrival in San Francisco on 14 December 1930,
736:
709:
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349:
308:
1236:
Hong Kong Internment, 1942–1945: Life in the Japanese Civilian Camp at Stanley
876:
805:
533:
23:
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was temporarily designated a diplomatic exchange vessel, and was used in the
1300:
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884:
820:
794:
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155:
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prior to the American landings. On the return voyage from Manila to Takao,
1264:
Japanese-American civilian prisoner exchanges and detention camps, 1941–45
1357:
1010:
974:
786:
673:
618:
from Yokohama to the United States, making a similar voyage on 20 April.
528:
35 miles (56 km) from Nozaki Lighthouse, at the southern tip of the
502:
1333:
363:
were built for NYK's premier high-speed trans-Pacific Orient-California
1170:
Old Friends, New Enemies: The Royal Navy and the Imperial Japanese Navy
665:
1041:
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to seize Japanese assets in the United States in retaliation for the
167:
859:
was one of the ships in a major convoy transporting elements of the
664:
transported 350 Polish Jewish refugees who had arrived in Japan via
1154:
Britain, Japan and Pearl Harbor: Avoiding War in East Asia, 1936–41
555:
in an attempt to return to Germany. In direct violation of Japan's
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324:
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and international law, the British Government had authorised the
708:. In early 1942, she made several voyages between Japan and the
669:
640:
born in the United States. However, on 24 July, in mid-Pacific,
826:
On 23 February 1944, she was slightly damaged in an attack by
466:
During a voyage departing from San Francisco on 1 April 1937,
636:
departed Yokohama with only 98 passengers, 47 of whom were
520:
On a voyage departing from San Francisco on 6 January 1940
1132:"Wonders of Ship Surgery", Popular Mechanics, October 1939
975:
Graphic Design from the 1920s and 1930s in Travel Ephemera
551:
who had escaped to the United States had taken passage on
505:
Bay, where she grounded. She was subsequently rammed by
812:. She narrowly escaped four torpedoes fired at her by
716:, including the transport of the paratroopers of the
1261:
1036:
1034:
1032:
928:Foreign commerce and shipping of Empire of Japan
895:100 miles (160 km) south of the island of
497:on the night of 2 September, high winds ripped
298:
1469:World War II shipwrecks in the South China Sea
1142:Article from Los Angeles Times, 4 January 1940
455:, the gold medalist, entertained his friends,
292:
1449:Auxiliary ships of the Imperial Japanese Navy
1196::, Annapolis: United States Naval Institute,
400:Mitsubishi Shipbuilding & Engineering Co.
317:Mitsubishi Shipbuilding & Engineering Co.
90:Mitsubishi Shipbuilding & Engineering Co.
8:
744:. She took on 114 repatriates on 3 July at
474:with a message of good will from President
315:(NYK). The ship was built in 1927–1929 by
1474:Ships built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
1239:. Hong Kong University Press. p. 63.
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
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1099:
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398:She was laid down on 10 September 1927 at
327:. The vessel was named after an important
443:transported the Japanese Olympic team to
1371:sepia image of ship aground at Hong Kong
1164:
1162:
718:3rd Yokosuka Special Naval Landing Force
938:
18:
1329:The Nomenclature of the N.Y.K. Fleet.
948:The Nomenclature of the N.Y.K. Fleet,
650:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
501:from her moorings and drove her into
166:, 100 mi (160 km) south of
41:
7:
1459:World War II merchant ships of Japan
752:on 6 July, so that when she reached
614:On 4 February 1941, she transported
231:21 knots (39 km/h; 24 mph)
1326:, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1935).
1484:Maritime incidents in October 1944
1479:Maritime incidents in January 1940
1332:Tokyo : Nippon Yusen Kaisha.
676:, where they were received by the
14:
1464:Ships sunk by American submarines
1233:Geoffrey Charles Emerson (2008).
561:Commander-in-Chief, China Station
945:Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1935).
627:Axis invasion of the Netherlands
432:agents seized a large amount of
386:Mitsubishi-Sulzer diesel engines
69:
42:
22:
1444:Japan–United Kingdom relations
1214:World War II Sea War, Volume 3
1194:World War II Sea War, Volume 3
1062:. Cornwall Books. p. 68.
819:on 10 March off of Takao (now
724:in Borneo on 16 January 1942.
451:. While at Los Angeles, Baron
1:
1168:Marder, Arthur Jacob (1981),
1120:: Tabular Record of Movement"
652:. That evening, the crew of
487:1937 Great Hong Kong typhoon
1011:Derby, Sulzer diesel motors
299:
1505:
1376:US State Department Order
1344:New York: Cornwall Books.
1338:Tate, E. Mowbray. (1986).
1114:Nevitt, Allyn D. (2009).
1058:Tate, E. Mowbray (1986).
516:The "Asama Maru incident"
293:
221:Mitsubishi-Sulzer diesels
174:
36:
21:
1454:Passenger ships of Japan
704:and had just arrived at
409:, with yard number 450.
380:NYK Line brochure, 1929.
203:21.9 m (72 ft)
195:178 m (584 ft)
1260:Elleman, Bruce (2006).
1216:, Bertke Publications,
1182:The Asama Maru incident
742:Stanley Internment Camp
623:Netherlands East Indies
175:General characteristics
861:Imperial Japanese Army
758:Portuguese East Africa
694:attack on Pearl Harbor
682:Imperial Japanese Navy
616:Polish Jewish refugees
587:armed merchant cruiser
381:
282:
154:Torpedoed and sunk by
1429:Ships of the NYK Line
1268:. Routledge. p.
1152:Best, Antony (1995),
599:Later civilian career
476:Franklin D. Roosevelt
379:
277:
1301:"Asama Maru (+1944)"
1122:. Combinedfleet.com.
962:poster, speed record
918:List of ocean liners
852:in the same attack.
603:On 25 October 1940,
526:international waters
489:. While anchored at
449:1932 Summer Olympics
16:Japanese ocean liner
1489:Japanese hell ships
1434:Steamships of Japan
1400:20.2833°N 117.633°E
1396: /
692:At the time of the
313:Nippon Yusen Kaisha
281:in a 1930s postcard
185:gross register tons
1212:Donald, A., 2012,
1042:Miramar Ship Index
1026:. August 29, 2008.
1016:2011-07-16 at the
997:2009-04-28 at the
804:was fitted with a
800:In February 1943,
762:Kichisaburo Nomura
748:, and yet more in
638:Japanese-Americans
382:
283:
268:Steel construction
223:, quadruple screws
1350:978-0-8453-4792-8
1279:978-0-415-33188-3
1246:978-962-209-880-0
1192:Giese, O., 1994,
855:In October 1944,
838:20 miles east of
700:was serving as a
632:On 18 July 1941,
457:Douglas Fairbanks
272:
271:
130:15 September 1929
114:10 September 1927
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808:and rack for 16
793:the epithet of "
783:prisoners of war
754:Lourenço Marques
684:on 30 November.
481:Disaster struck
439:In August 1932,
307:was a Japanese
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893:South China Sea
836:South China Sea
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688:Military career
678:Shanghai Ghetto
646:executive order
601:
585:by the British
574:Mitsumasa Yonai
518:
420:
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413:Civilian career
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164:South China Sea
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122:30 October 1928
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1305:. Retrieved
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1283:. Retrieved
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1148:
1137:
1128:
1117:
1078:
1059:
1053:
1022:
1006:
986:
969:
956:
947:
941:
923:Asama Shrine
905:
900:
886:
872:
865:1st Division
856:
854:
849:
848:was sunk by
843:
842:. The oiler
829:
825:
815:
801:
799:
790:
778:
777:
771:
733:repatriation
728:
726:
697:
691:
661:
659:
653:
641:
633:
631:
620:
613:
608:
604:
602:
591:
582:
578:
569:Standard Oil
564:
552:
547:
541:
521:
519:
508:
498:
482:
480:
472:Helen Keller
467:
465:
440:
438:
427:
422:
421:
418:Early career
397:
391:
390:
383:
358:
354:Tatsuta Maru
352:
350:sister ships
345:
344:
334:
333:
300:
286:
285:
284:
278:
183:16,975
157:
75:Nippon Yusen
59:
28:
1403: /
1391:117°37′59″E
1303:. Wrecksite
1046:ID #4035342
737:Joseph Grew
710:Philippines
509:Conte Verde
491:Kowloon Bay
485:during the
445:Los Angeles
365:fortnightly
309:ocean liner
187: (GRT)
138:Autumn 1929
103:Yard number
1424:1928 ships
1418:Categories
1388:20°17′00″N
1318:References
1307:2016-10-19
1222:1937470016
1202:1557503079
1118:Asama Maru
1088:0316145955
1069:0845347926
1023:Asama Maru
906:Asama Maru
901:Asama Maru
877:scrap iron
873:Asama Maru
857:Asama Maru
845:Nanpo Maru
806:hydrophone
802:Asama Maru
791:Asama Maru
779:Asama Maru
729:Asama Maru
698:Asama Maru
662:Asama Maru
654:Asama Maru
642:Asama Maru
634:Asama Maru
605:Asama Maru
590:HMAS
583:Asama Maru
579:Asama Maru
557:neutrality
553:Asama Maru
534:Royal Navy
522:Asama Maru
499:Asama Maru
483:Asama Maru
468:Asama Maru
441:Asama Maru
430:US Customs
423:Asama Maru
392:Asama Maru
346:Asama Maru
341:Background
335:Asama Maru
301:Asama maru
287:Asama Maru
279:Asama Maru
216:Propulsion
135:In service
60:Asama Maru
29:Asama Maru
885:USS
828:USS
821:Kaohsiung
814:USS
795:hell ship
772:Gripsholm
750:Singapore
702:troopship
565:Liverpool
542:Liverpool
540:HMS
495:Hong Kong
311:owned by
250:822 total
156:USS
127:Completed
111:Laid down
1358:12370774
1014:Archived
995:Archived
912:See also
850:Grayback
830:Grayback
787:Makassar
674:Shanghai
609:Columbus
592:Kanimbla
548:Columbus
507:SS
503:Chai Wan
470:carried
447:for the
403:Nagasaki
348:and her
321:Nagasaki
236:Capacity
119:Launched
93:Nagasaki
66:Operator
31:in 1936.
992:history
891:in the
834:in the
816:Sunfish
722:Tarakan
666:Siberia
532:by the
372:Details
180:Tonnage
162:in the
86:Builder
37:History
1373:, 1937
1356:
1348:
1276:
1243:
1220:
1200:
1172:, p106
1086:
1066:
950:p. 50.
897:Pratas
840:Taiwan
746:Saigon
714:Borneo
706:Saipan
192:Length
170:Island
168:Pratas
1156:, p96
981:1929.
934:Notes
887:Atule
869:Luzon
785:from
668:from
434:opium
407:Japan
325:Japan
265:Notes
228:Speed
211:28.5'
208:Draft
158:Atule
97:Japan
49:Japan
1354:OCLC
1346:ISBN
1287:2009
1274:ISBN
1241:ISBN
1218:ISBN
1198:ISBN
1084:ISBN
1064:ISBN
764:and
712:and
670:Kobe
459:and
357:and
257:Crew
200:Beam
151:Fate
56:Name
883:by
863:’s
797:."
770:MS
756:in
720:to
672:to
493:in
319:at
294:浅間丸
260:330
106:450
79:NYK
1420::
1352:;
1272:.
1270:31
1161:^
1094:^
1044::
1031:^
1020::
977::
899:.
696:,
629:.
595:.
478:.
463:.
405:,
331:.
323:,
297:,
219:4
95:,
1310:.
1289:.
1249:.
1116:"
1072:.
1048:.
1001:.
964:.
305:)
291:(
81:)
77:(
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