LGM-118 Peacekeeper - Knowledge (XXG)

1511:[Due to the limitation of the SALT II treaty, which the United States did not ratify, but followed, the maximum number of MIRV MBRS warheads was limited to 10. However, the weight of the warhead was greater than the original version, so the range of the missile was limited, similar to the Minuteman III missiles with a warhead Mk-12A and the range was not sufficient to cover the southernmost targets in the Soviet Union. The range with ten warheads was 9,600 km, which could be solved by removing one warhead. Despite proposals in this direction, this did not happen, and the LGM-118 Peacekkeper rocket was used with 10 x Mk-21 all the time. Individual warheads could be aimed at very distant targets, and the distance to the target could exceed 100 km.] 1041: 845:" (AIRS). AIRS would have a drift rate of only 1.5 x 10 degrees per hour, allowing it to be periodically referenced to an external point, like the silo wall, and then left for extended periods of time. Over the period of the flight the drift would be so low that any inaccuracies in the platform would account for a maximum of 1% of the warhead's final accuracy–the rest would be due to issues like the timing of the firing of the rocket engines, minor differences in warhead construction, and unavoidable randomness in the atmosphere. The Air Force also contracted with 769:

country to launch an attack on civilian targets, an attack that was both morally reprehensible as well as against stated policy. This worrying scenario led to the effort to develop a new ICBM with the accuracy needed to be an excellent counterforce weapon, the survivability needed to absorb a Soviet first strike, and the MIRV capabilities needed to ensure even a small number of survivors would be able to attack the remaining Soviet missile fleet. The Minuteman III simply did not have this combination of features.

803: 480: 685:(CEP) of about 0.1 miles (160 m), and especially the ability to be quickly re-programmed to attack any targets needed. In comparison, the Minuteman II had a selection of eight targets, any one of which could be quickly selected for attack, but otherwise selecting a target outside this pre-computed list was not something that could be done "on the fly". WS-120A's preferred basing mode was a super-hardened shelter, but dispersed mobile options were also considered. 1019:

MX was originally intended to solve, providing high survivability. This would later be addressed through the re-introduction of the "rail garrison" concept, with twenty-five trains each carrying two missiles. This system was expected to be operational in 1992. The supposed counterforce gap, then being widely talked about on television, also resulted in the schedule for silo deployment being moved up, dropping the production time from 44 months to 29.

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positioned, this would keep the explosions at least 5,000 feet (1,500 m) away from the silos; it was believed that silos able to withstand multi-megaton explosions at one mile could be built, although this was an area of some uncertainty. This system had the advantage that the basing would be immune to changes in the accuracy or speed of the attack, only enormous increases in yield could overcome this physical barrier.

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nuclear attack, carry a large number of warheads so the survivors would still inflict massive damage, and be able to rapidly re-target so they could be aimed at only those missiles the Soviets had not yet fired. Over its development through the 1970s, MX emerged as a highly accurate, rapid-firing, and quickly retargeted system. Ultimately, the only problem that was never completely solved was the issue of basing.

51: 1026:. The Midgetman deliberately carried only one warhead and was highly mobile. Countering a single Midgetman would require the Soviets to blanket an area around its last known position with warheads. Even if this was successful, they would destroy only a single warhead. Faced with this choice, it was expected the Soviets would instead expend their warheads on easier targets. 1509:

nebyl dostatecný k pokrytí nejižnejších cílu v Sovetském svazu. Dolet s deseti hlavicemi byl 9600km, což bylo možno vyrešit sejmutím jedné hlavice. I pres návrhy v tomto smeru k tomu nedošlo a celou dobu raketa LGM-118 Peacekkeper sloužila s 10 x Mk-21. Jednotlivé hlavice mohly být na znacne odlehlé cíle a odstup cílu mohl presáhnout 100km.

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effects of mechanical shocks and jarring that it would not require any other form of "fixing" in flight. This was in contrast to the stellar-inertial systems under development by the Navy and others. It would retain its accuracy even through the rough conditions during re-entry, allowing the creation of maneuvering reentry vehicles.

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Commemorating the system's retirement, the last piece of the final 10-warhead MX was trucked away from the Francis E. Warren Air Force Base in Wyoming. Since the United States began fielding the MX in 1986, a 32,600-square-kilometer missile complex there has served as home for all 50 deployed MX missiles, also known as Peacekeepers.

1015:, which was described as "effective against most of the hardened military targets, including missile silos and launch control centers", reopened the debate about MX. If Trident was capable of carrying out the mission originally intended for MX, and do so from a completely protected and mobile platform, what capabilities did MX add? 624:-powered aircraft with two-day endurance carrying up to eight missiles that would be dropped out the back, parachuted to the vertical, and then launched. As part of the same study, Aerospace also considered a missile and wheeled launcher combination that was small enough that they could be carried in existing 956:

enough to destroy the silos from the point between them, 900 feet (270 m) from either silo. To attack the dense pack, separate warheads would have to be aimed at each silo. When one of the attacking warheads exploded, the blast wave and dirt thrown into the air would destroy any nearby warheads.

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In July 1976, Congress refused to fund MX using a silo-based system on grounds of vulnerability, and the project was halted. Several new proposals were made for alternate basing arrangements, including mobile basing in railway cars that would be sent out into the nation's rail network during times of

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did not have the accuracy to attack Soviet silos and thus offered little counterforce capability. In some ways this helped the Air Force, as it meant they could concentrate on the counterforce scenarios, knowing that a countervalue attack would always be available from the Navy. However, improvements

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Finally, they also considered conventional missiles in "super hard" silos, buried under the southern side of mountains. As the enemy warheads would approach at a fairly shallow angle from the north, they would strike the north side of the mountains before they could hit the silos themselves. Properly

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stealth and mobility would maintain a countervalue force under any possible scenario. This threatened the Air Force's supremacy in the nuclear warfighting arena. Even in the case of a counterforce attack, their bombers would take hours to complete their missions, during which the Soviets could launch

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The first prototype AIRS, by then known more generically as the Inertial Measurement Unit, or IMU, was delivered in May 1986, 203 days late. It was not until July 1987 that the first production AIRS were ready to ship, and the complete supply for the first 50 missiles was not complete until December

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The new ICBM was originally planned to be called "Peacemaker", but at the last minute was officially designated the LGM-118A Peacekeeper. It was first test fired on 17 June 1983, by the Air Force Systems Command Ballistic Missile Office (Norton AFB, CA), 6595th Missile Test Group (Vandenberg AFB, CA

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silos, removing those now outdated missiles from service. The silos would be modified for much greater strength, and a number of Minuteman III silos similarly adapted over time to bring the force to a total of 100 missiles. Additionally, he suggested funding development of three additional concepts,

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a limited counterforce attack, it would be desirable to wait until the individual targeted silos were determined, determine which Soviet missiles had not been launched, and then launch only the targeted missiles against their unlaunched Soviet counterparts. This would require extremely tight timing.

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meant that commanders would have almost instant warning of a Soviet launch, with ample time to plan a response. However, it would not be until much later in the sequence of events that land-based radars would be able to track the incoming individual warheads and determine the targets. In the case of

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In such a situation, the US would be left with two uncomfortable options. If they chose to respond in kind and attack the remaining Soviet missile fleet, there would be little to respond with if the Soviets immediately launched against US cities. The other option would require the US to be the first

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attack. Although the system did not include the ability to be rapidly retargeted, this capability was under development and started deployment in 1972, before the planned 1975 introduction date of WS-120A. When it was fully deployed in 1978, the entire ICBM fleet could be entirely reprogrammed in 10

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with a limited number of warheads aimed at the Minuteman silos or control bunkers could cripple the US ICBM fleet. At the time, the Soviets were only capable of mounting a limited attack. With the limited accuracy of Soviet missiles, only an attack with a small number of missiles carrying very large

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Soviet missiles were known to have very low accuracy, far too low to directly attack US missile silos. They did have the combination of accuracy and power to attack the US bomber bases. Although it would be very difficult to arrange, there was the possibility that a combination of missile attacks on

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Z duvodu omezení smlouvou SALT II, kterou sice Spojené státy neratifikovaly, ale dodržovaly byl maximální pocet hlavic MIRV MBRS omezen na 10. presto ovšem byla hmotnost hlavice vetší, než puvodní verze, proto došlo k omezení doletu rakety podobne jako u raket Minuteman III s hlavicí Mk-12A a dolet

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A compromise was eventually developed in mid-1983. Under this scheme, 100 missiles would be deployed in existing Minuteman silos to "show national will". The plan also called for the removal of the old and accident-prone liquid fueled Titan II from use. However, this did not address the problem the

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By this time both the US and USSR were beginning to field third-generation SLBMs with greatly improved accuracy. These now arguably had all of the capability of the land-based ICBMs, and were equally able to carry out the counterforce mission. Additionally, the submarines could maneuver much closer

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Delivered 6 April 1983, the report suggested deploying 100 MX in existing Minuteman silos as a "demonstration of national will", but in other ways basically suggested eliminating both MX and Minuteman and replacing them with a small single-warhead mobile ICBM. On 10 August, the Secretary of Defense

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theory" was highly criticized due to the expected relative ease with which the Soviets could modify their warheads and circumvent this design. All that was required was that several warheads arrive and be detonated within a few milliseconds of each other, so the blast waves did not reach each other

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pushed the initial operational date back from 1983 to 1985 and opened a study on the possibility of developing a single missile for both ICBM and SLBM use. A six-month study in 1977 proposed a "Low-Altitude Defense" (LoAD) system using small anti-ballistic missiles at missile fields, similar to the

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In 1971, the Air Force started a requirements development process combining the ICBM-X and SABRE concepts into a single platform, "Missile, Experimental", or MX. The new missile would have enough accuracy and warhead payload that even a few survivors would be able to destroy enormous numbers of any

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They proposed 100 missiles in three bases of 30 missiles each. They expected that at least one base would be able to survive even an all-out attack. However, if such a force of approximately 30 missiles was going to be a reasonable deterrent, each missile would need to carry 20 or more warheads. To

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Studies on the underlying concept started in the 1960s. The idea was to allow the US to absorb a sneak attack by the USSR with enough warheads surviving to attack the remaining Soviet missile silos. To do so, the missiles had to be highly accurate, be based in such a way that enough would survive a

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On Sept. 19, the United States retired the most powerful and, arguably, the most controversial ICBM in the US arsenal, the MX, after nearly two decades of service. But the missile's various components could see a return to duty as the Pentagon contemplates its future missile options and missions.

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suits. The Air Force also admitted that 11 of the 29 missiles deployed were not operational. A Congressional report stated that "Northrop was behind schedule before it even started" and noted that the Air Force knew as early as 1985 that there were "serious system deficiencies as well as a lack of

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Test Range in the Pacific. The first eight test flights were launched from an above ground canister on TP-01, with the remaining test and operational Strategic Air Command flights from silos (LF-02, −05, & -08) all located on North Vandenberg AFB. A total of 50 flight tests were accomplished.

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in re-fitted Minuteman silos. However, the AIRS was not yet ready and the missiles were deployed with non-operational guidance units. AIRS had 19,000 parts and some of these required as many as 11,000 testing steps. Bogged down in paperwork due to government procurement policies, managers started

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Footnote 8: Most notably, we excluded the MX Peacekeeper ICBM deployed diuring the 1996 and 2003 periods in study. As a weapon optimized to hit targets in the former Soviet Union, the MX Peacekeeper has a relatively limited range of 9,600 km. Combined with a deployymeny location in southeastern

581:, which improved the CEP to 0.34 nautical miles (0.63 km) and allowed the missiles to attack Soviet silos directly. The other was to allow the missiles to quickly switch between a selection of eight targets, allowing them to be fired at only those Soviet silos that had not already launched. 955:

This extra hardness can be offset by minor increases in warhead accuracy. The key to dense pack concept was to space the silos close together, about 1,800 feet (550 m). This was far enough apart that a single warhead could not destroy more than one silo; no conceivable warhead was powerful

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In spite of a lack of official interest, during the late 1960s Kenneth Fertig managed to arrange some funding through the Air Force for the "SABRE" INS project, short for "Self-Aligning Boost and RE-entry". The name referred to the concept that the system would be so accurate and free from the

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put it, "Our gross national product, though large, is limited. If we attempted to develop and procure a dozen or more distinct different nuclear delivery systems… we doubtless would end up squandering our resources and not doing a good job on any of them." Golden Arrow, along with many similar

725:", a problem that caused conventional platforms to "tumble" and lose their accuracy. Like the ICBM-X, there was little development as there appeared to be no need for a platform with the sort of accuracy the flimbal provided, and the expense of developing the system would be extremely high. 552:

By the mid-1960s, the missile had become the main US strategic weapon. This led to concerns about various warfighting scenarios, especially as the Soviets improved their missiles. In the event of a Soviet missile launch, the US faced the difficult decision of whether to fire their missiles

983:" in regard to the Soviet capability to attack US ICBMs never existed in the first place. The report examined a wide array of potential attack scenarios, and demonstrated that none allowed the Soviets to significantly blunt a US response, nor seriously limit its options in the 1195:

The missiles were gradually retired, with 17 withdrawn during 2003, leaving 29 missiles on alert at the beginning of 2004, and only 10 by the beginning of 2005. The last Peacekeeper was removed from alert on 19 September 2005 during the final deactivation ceremony when the

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treaty, under which ICBMs were allowed to carry only a single warhead each. Because the Minuteman could carry a single warhead for far less money, the United States agreed to remove the Peacekeeper from their nuclear force in this treaty. Despite the US withdrawal from the

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warheads (multi-megaton range) was feasible. They had just enough of these to make a damaging, but not decisive, attack on the US ICBM fleet. This scenario was of deep concern to the Air Force as it became ever more dependent on Minuteman for most strategic missions.

549:, was given the task of making the US military the most powerful in the world while at the same time reducing its expenditures. He solved this problem by greatly reducing reliance on bombers, and by 1964, there were more US ICBMs than bombers on nuclear alert. 893:. The deployment would occur in a system of multiple protective shelters linked by underground or aboveground roads, the so-called "Racetrack" proposal. Local opposition in Nevada was intense, and the concept gained a powerful enemy in the form of Senator 416:. Initial plans called for building and deploying 100 MX ICBMs, but budgetary concerns limited the final procurement; only 50 entered service. Disarmament treaties signed after the Peacekeeper's development led to its withdrawal from service in 2005. 628:

aircraft. During periods of heightened tensions, they would be flown to practically any airport and set up. The Soviets would have to target thousands of airports, runways and even dirt strips and long stretches of highway to attack the fleet.

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in SLBM accuracy might allow them to handle counterforce as well, and render the entire land-based ICBM fleet superfluous. The Air Force was not interested in handing the strategic role to the Navy. A survivable ICBM would address this issue.

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silos, a temporary measure until final basing was decided. The first flight test took place in 1983, which included the successful launch of six inert re-entry vehicles, each hitting pre-planned targets. It was the first US ICBM to use a

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effective progress". They complained that the Air Force should have come clean and simply pushed back the deployment date, but instead, in order to foster the illusion of progress, the missiles were deployed in a non-operational state.

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rejected mobile basing due to high costs and slow reaction times due to the need to set up the launcher. On 24 October 1974 the airmobile concept was tested by SAMSO by dropping a Minuteman I from a C-5A cargo aircraft. In November, the

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and the US did not respond immediately, the majority of their missiles and strategic bombers might be caught on the ground. A credible deterrent force would remain, but such a force might not have enough warheads left to attack

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The project had already cost around $ 20 billion up to 1998 and produced 114 missiles, at $ 400 million for each operational missile. The "flyaway" cost of each warhead was estimated at 20 to 70 million dollars.

1923: 1168:, Congress had already cancelled the 100-missile option in July 1985. In that decision, Congress limited the deployment of Peacekeeper ICBMs to 50 missiles until a more "survivable" basing plan could be developed. 784:

systems upset the nuclear equation dramatically. These weapons were essentially invulnerable when at sea, and offered a credible countervalue force, primarily against civilian targets as early models like the

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weapon. The Air Force relied on its crewed bombers as the primary weapon for attacking hardened targets and saw the ICBM as a survivable deterrent that would guard against an attack on its bomber fleet.

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and the subsequent Russian withdrawal from the START II on 14 June 2002, the last Peacekeeper missile was deactivated on 19 September 2005. Their advanced W87 warheads were moved to the Minuteman III.

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to their targets, greatly reducing the warning time, potentially to the point that the command structure would not have time to launch their ICBMs and bombers before the warheads were reaching them.

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US bomber bases combined with bomber attacks on the missile bases would leave the US at a disadvantage. The survivability of the missile fleet became increasingly important, especially after the

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Up to 11 Avco Mk21 re-entry vehicles each carrying a 300 kt W87-0 warhead (though in practice, only 10 were carried); or 12 Avco Mk12A re-entry vehicles each carrying a 335–350 kt

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doctrine). Even if the Soviets attacked only the bombers, the US would be left with no counterforce approach, as both the Navy and Air Force missiles could only attack large targets.

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Heginbotham, Eric; Nixon, Michael; Morgan, Forrest E.; Heim, Jacob L.; Hagen, Jeff; et al. (2015). "CHAPTER TWELVE Scorecard 10: U.S. and Chinese Strategic Nuclear Stability".

577:, in 1962 they decided the solution was to make the Minuteman capable of counterforce missions as well. The changes to Minuteman II were two-fold. One was to introduce the NS-17 2079:

The Scowcroft Commission, which was formed to solve the problem of our "window of vulnerability" with regard to land-based missiles, has solved it by declaring it doesn't exist.

940:". During this speech, he made the first mention of the name Peacekeeper. The dense pack idea involved building super-hardened silos that would withstand more than 10,000 1823: 964:

before completing destruction of the silo. Such timing could be easily achieved by launching all of the warheads from a single missile. Congress again rejected the system.

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study to consider many of these issues. As part of this program, they proposed a smaller version of ICBM-X with 10 to 20 warheads. Known initially as WS-120A and later as

692:(INS) with a CEP of 0.12 nautical miles (220 m), three warheads and an expanded collection of radar countermeasures that would ensure the warheads would survive an 403: 391: 756:, meaning that a small number of launches could present a threat to the Air Force's ICBM fleet while retaining a large force in reserve. If the Soviet Union launched a 1262:

aircraft provided a survivable capability to remotely control and launch the Peacekeeper ICBM in the event the underground Launch Control Centers were unable to do so.

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for a backup design using mechanical gimbals, the "Advanced Stable Platform" (ASP). In May 1975 the first hand-built AIRS was transferred from Draper's laboratory to

1155:, the fallout was immediate. Northrop was slapped with a $ 130 million fine for late delivery, and when they reacted against employees they were countersued in 5327: 906: 936:

On 22 November 1982, Reagan announced that the system would be deployed in new silos in what was then known as "Closely Spaced Basing", but later better known as "

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and various ICBM projects. In 1964, the Air Force contracted them to consider a wide variety of survivable ICBM approaches, under the name "Golden Arrow".

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However, like Golden Arrow before it, WS-120A's advantages found themselves being diluted by the new Minuteman III. The Minuteman III used the new NS-20

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launch them, the study introduced the "ICBM-X", a massive new 156-inch (400 cm) diameter design, well over twice the diameter of the existing

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bypassing official channels and buying replacement parts wherever they could be found, including claims that some of the parts were sourced at

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during the early days of the development of their ICBM force. In 1960 a number of TRW and other engineers involved in the ICBM program formed

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was inactivated as well. During the ceremony an Under Secretary of the Air Force credited the Peacekeeper with helping to end the Cold War.

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ordered initial production in 1979 but was overturned by Congress. After considerable debate about the system, in October 1982, President

4849: 3844: 528:. This limited these early models to attacks on strategic targets like cities and ports, and the system had little or no capability as a 6027: 5729: 4904: 4879: 4670: 3632: 3506: 2066: 1072: 5340: 4937: 4874: 3627: 2354: 1712: 1535: 842: 826: 806: 557:) when the Soviets had only targeted military installations, something US politicians considered to be a serious problem (part of the 542: 395: 350: 76: 721:

fluid. The so-called "flimbal" (apparently for "FLoated Measurement BAL") would offer unprecedented accuracy and would be free from "

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took office, Laxalt's close ties with Reagan proved useful. Reagan canceled the new shelter system in 1981, calling it "a

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immediately or wait to determine the targets of the Soviet missiles. Firing early might mean striking civilian targets (

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Similar improvements to Soviet missiles, real or imagined, led to US officials proposing a worrying scenario; a Soviet

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Whether or not this problem actually existed is open to debate. The Minuteman had a relatively fast launch time, and

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The system was equipped with an inertial navigation system that provided it warheads with an accuracy of 90 m CEP.

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scheme". On 2 October 1981 he proposed deploying an initial force of missiles in the approximately 60 existing

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Kitts, Kenneth (30 January 2006). "The Politics of Armageddon: The Scowcroft Commission and the MX Missile".

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Additionally, the plan also called for the development of an entirely new missile, which would emerge as the

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Development of the rail garrison system was carried out in parallel. However, budgetary constraints and the

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The operational missile was first manufactured in February 1984 and was deployed in December 1986 to the

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Test Pad-01, traveling 4,200 nautical miles (4,800 mi; 7,800 km) to strike successfully in the

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remaining Soviet force. The specifications for MX were fixed in February 1972, the program office at the

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has a rail garrison box car on display, and developmental remnants of the program can still be found at

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on the rail network of the United States. The railcars were intended, in case of increased threat of

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The U.S.-China Military Scorecard: Forces, Geography, and the Evolving Balance of Power, 1996–2017

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The project considered road, rail, submarine and air-launched weapons. One of these suggested an

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https://www.weapontrend.com/nuclear-weapon-manufacturer-countries/usa/lgm-118-peacekeeper.html

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https://www.weapontrend.com/nuclear-weapon-manufacturer-countries/usa/lgm-118-peacekeeper.html

1559: 1551: 1531: 1401: 1393: 1377: 1151: 1132: 1023: 996: 984: 885:. On 7 September 1979 he announced that 200 MX missiles would be deployed throughout eastern 861: 710: 573:

their remaining missiles. The Air Force could not let this stand, and following the advice of

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area; although opposition increased dramatically following a statement of disapproval by the

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To address the survivability issue, a huge series of concepts and studies followed. In 1973,

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Congress Rejects MX Dense Pack Deployment: Prelude to the Strategic Policy Decisions of 1983

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Initial development began in 1971, with full-scale development starting in 1974. President

27:"MX missile" redirects here. For the early USAAF missile equipment designation system, see 5149: 4802: 4571: 4561: 4372: 4091: 3888: 3475: 3460: 3430: 3371: 3319: 3314: 3268: 3183: 3138: 3041: 2886: 2856: 2826: 2821: 2816: 2665: 2650: 2645: 2620: 2610: 2583: 2548: 2513: 2481: 2466: 2399: 2376: 2026: 1827: 1734: 1567: 1124: 979:

In overall terms, the most important conclusion of the Scowcroft Commission was that the "

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using old Peacekeeper components. As of 2020, seven Minotaur IV flights have been made.

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announced that 50 of the newly named Peacekeepers would be put into service in existing

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Echos That Never Were: American Mobile Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles, 1956–1983

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to lead a Commission on Strategic Forces, better known as the Scowcroft Commission.

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Any of the "Golden Arrow" concepts would be extremely expensive, and in the era of

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in 1986. At this time, the United States and the Soviet Union were negotiating the

424: 50: 1323: 677:, the missile was small enough to fit in existing large silos, like those for the 1992: 1215:

missiles. Parts of the missile Roll Control System (RoCS) were reused during the

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Presidential Commissions & National Security: The Politics of Damage Control

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heightened threat levels, and more complex systems of deeply buried silos under

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proposals from other firms, proceeded no further, in favor of the Minuteman II.

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Approximately 15,000 miles per hour (Mach 20; 24,000 km/h) at burnout

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airborne drops from cargo aircraft, an "active defense" using short-range

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that would include systems to quickly dig themselves out after an attack.

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Time exposure shot of testing of the Peacekeeper re-entry vehicles at the

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The Peacekeeper rockets were converted to the satellite launcher role by

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system, to increase survivability. This was developed into the abortive

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Inventing Accuracy: a historical sociology of nuclear missile guidance

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Wyoming, it is unable to strike Chinese nuclear counterforce targets.

886: 714: 140: 2309: 752:. These missiles carried as many as 10 warheads along with up to 40 6257: 4994: 3582: 3532: 3527: 2630: 2568: 2563: 2364: 2253: 2119: 2054: 1555: 1039: 972:

Reagan responded to this setback by appointing Lieutenant General

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the remaining Soviet fleet and cities and other military targets.

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Seize the High Ground: The U.S. Army in Space and Missile Defense

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from 1985 to 2005. The missile could carry up to twelve Mark 21

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400th Strategic Missile Squadron (later 400th Missile Squadron)

929:, or basing new silos deep underground or on the south side of 1922:(June 1981). The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 488: 410: 213: 1641:"The Yields of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki Nuclear Explosions" 681:, but was otherwise similar in concept to the ICBM-X, with a 524:

meant the system was unable to attack hardened targets like

2349:(First ed.). Boulder, Col.: Lynne Rienner Publishers. 1164:

1988. Given these delays, and increased performance of the

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Eventually, the program was reinstated on 12 June 1979 by

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Intercontinental ballistic missiles of the United States

1484:"Mezikontinentální balistická rízená strela Peacekeeper" 897:. Initially support was high in Utah, especially in the 841:

For MX, the Draper Laboratory developed SABRE into the "

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United States tri-service rocket designations post-1963

1254:(1987–2005). Airborne Missileers operating the Common 656:, cost was as important as any other consideration. As 597:

The Air Force had depended on engineering support from

1947:

The MX Basing Debate: The Reagan Plan and Alternatives

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Walker, James; Bernstein, Lewis; Lang, Sharon (2005).

1211:, while the warheads were redeployed on the existing 2310:"ALCS 50thAnniversary: Celebrating a Proud Heritage" 1439: 1437: 1435: 1433: 1431: 995:

in Wyoming and began development of what became the

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1963 United States Tri-Service missile designations

368: 357: 338: 328: 308: 237: 220: 208: 198: 188: 178: 173: 162: 133: 128: 118: 95: 90: 82: 72: 41: 2217: 1696: 1107:Strategic Air Command), and Martin Marietta, from 1068:during the 1980s as part of a plan to place fifty 669:In 1966 and 67, the Department of Defense ran the 2315:. Air Force Missileers. 2 July 2017. p. 13. 1690: 1688: 1686: 1684: 1682: 1680: 1678: 1676: 1674: 1672: 1094:, and the Peacekeeper missiles were installed in 516:, and proceeded rapidly. Limited accuracy with a 1776: 1774: 1772: 741:fielded a large number of increasingly accurate 361:130 ft (40 m)-300 ft (90 m) 2211: 2209: 2207: 2205: 2203: 1770: 1768: 1766: 1764: 1762: 1760: 1758: 1756: 1754: 1752: 907:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 6616:Cold War nuclear missiles of the United States 2396:Fact File: Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles 1846:. Government Printing Office. pp. 95–96. 1454:Center for Strategic and International Studies 1353: 1351: 1177:National Museum of the United States Air Force 3684: 2426: 2290:. The Nuclear Weapon Archive. 10 October 1997 8: 645:"heavy" design at 120 inches (300 cm). 3691: 3677: 3669: 2433: 2419: 2411: 1318: 1316: 1314: 1312: 1310: 1308: 1306: 717:with a sphere floating in a thin layer of 228:Ground-burst and/or air-burst fusing modes 169: (equivalent to $ 194,571,949 in 2023) 49: 38: 6631:Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1986 2216:Cushman, John H. Jr. (22 November 1987). 1945:Medalia, Jonathan E. (11 February 1981). 1545: 1444:Missile Defense Project (2 August 2021). 1236:was the only operator of the Peacekeeper. 55:Test launch of a Peacekeeper ICBM by the 1143:When these allegations were released by 991:ordered 100 Peacekeepers be deployed at 483:Mk21 re-entry vehicles on a Peacekeeper 1302: 705:Since the late 1950s, engineers at the 1821:"Non-linear servo drive for a flimbal" 1494:from the original on 12 September 2014 815:Space and Missile Systems Organization 2091: 2089: 2087: 1926:from the original on 1 September 2021 491:with about 20 times the power of the 7: 2268:from the original on 27 January 2022 2155:"The Secret Bomber Bugging Northrop" 2134:from the original on 1 December 2020 2069:from the original on 27 January 2021 1978:Defense Technical Information Center 1867:"Advanced Inertial Reference Sphere" 1412:from the original on 27 January 2022 398:(ICBM) produced and deployed by the 304:: 500,000 pounds-force (2.2 MN) 216:warhead (never deployed) plus decoys 1073:intercontinental ballistic missiles 869:, all eight fired from one missile. 390:for "Missile, Experimental", was a 2153:Ramirez, Anthony (14 March 1988). 1360:"United States Retires MX Missile" 1336:from the original on 15 April 2007 843:Advanced Inertial Reference Sphere 807:Advanced Inertial Reference Sphere 709:had been working on a new type of 396:intercontinental ballistic missile 77:Intercontinental ballistic missile 36:Intercontinental ballistic missile 25: 3658:Drones designated in UAV sequence 2219:"Northrop's Struggle With the MX" 1895:from the original on 21 June 2018 1329:Federation of American Scientists 1276:civilian launch platform version. 2322:from the original on 2 July 2017 1968:from the original on 4 July 2022 1802:from the original on 4 July 2022 1460:from the original on 18 May 2022 1129:Francis E. Warren Air Force Base 487:bus. Each carries a 300 kt 57:1st Strategic Aerospace Division 3067:BGM-109/AGM-109/RGM-109/UGM-109 1781:Pomeroy, Steven (11 May 2006). 1175:led to its being scrapped. The 1173:dissolution of the Soviet Union 707:Charles Stark Draper Laboratory 512:ICBM began in 1962, during the 1997:Congressional Research Service 1951:Congressional Research Service 1648:Los Alamos National Laboratory 1639:Malik, John (September 1985). 1260:Airborne Launch Control Center 1256:Airborne Launch Control System 618:air-launched ballistic missile 568:was quick to point out, their 445:initial operational capability 1: 2406:ICBM Peacekeeper Launch video 2096:Correll, John (1 July 1987). 1046:Peacekeeper Rail Garrison Car 780:The development of practical 713:that replaced the mechanical 454:Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty 279:SR120 solid-fuel rocket motor 269:SR119 solid-fuel rocket motor 259:SR118 solid-fuel rocket motor 107:— 12 September 2005 1358:Boese, Wade (October 2005). 461:Orbital Sciences Corporation 1191:Retirement and deactivation 1125:90th Strategic Missile Wing 1050:National Museum of the USAF 737:During the late 1970s, the 733:Counterforce considerations 641:, and larger even than the 605:, initially working on the 320:(9,600 km)-8,700 6647: 1695:MacKenzie, Donald (1993). 1488:PALBA.CZ | Vojenský portál 1446:"LGM-118 Peacekeeper (MX)" 1109:Vandenberg AFB, California 1064:that was developed by the 1033: 690:inertial navigation system 579:inertial navigation system 475:Development and deployment 386:, originally known as the 26: 6596: 3641: 1181:Vandenberg Air Force Base 1058:Peacekeeper Rail Garrison 1036:Peacekeeper Rail Garrison 1030:Peacekeeper Rail Garrison 853:for further development. 603:The Aerospace Corporation 493:bomb dropped on Hiroshima 232: 83:Place of origin 48: 2098:"The Future of the ICBM" 1949:(Congressional Report). 1885:"The MX Missile Project" 1883:Martha Sonntag Bradley. 1490:(in Czech and English). 1482:redboy (17 March 2007). 1374:Arms Control Association 774:early warning satellites 654:US Department of Defense 541:took power, and the new 469:expendable launch system 467:, a four-stage civilian 459:The private launch firm 291:liquid-propellant rocket 6598:Unknown or not assigned 3700:United States Air Force 1234:United States Air Force 1066:United States Air Force 1011:The development of the 981:window of vulnerability 683:circular error probable 518:circular error probable 123:United States Air Force 2288:"The Peacekeeper ICBM" 1914:Jolley, Joann (1981). 1826:15 August 2016 at the 1324:"LGM-118A Peacekeeper" 1292:Peace through strength 1198:400th Missile Squadron 1053: 927:anti-ballistic missile 870: 809: 694:anti-ballistic missile 539:Kennedy administration 500: 3628:M30 GMLRS/M31 GMLRS-U 2228:(National ed.). 1991:Wrenn, H. L. (1983). 1615:"Peacekeeper Missile" 1590:"Peacekeeper Missile" 1248:Francis E. Warren AFB 1221:Constellation program 1121:Strategic Air Command 1098:as LGM-118s instead. 1062:mobile missile system 1043: 864: 822:Strategic Air Command 805: 482: 2912:AGM-84/RGM-84/UGM-84 1547:10.7249/j.ctt17rw5gb 1530:. pp. 285–320. 1070:MGM-118A Peacekeeper 968:Scowcroft Commission 827:Secretary of Defense 543:Secretary of Defense 443:Peacekeeper reached 43:LGM-118 Peacekeeper 2001:Library of Congress 1955:Library of Congress 1617:. 5 September 2015. 1592:. 5 September 2015. 1209:Minotaur IV (OSP-2) 384:LGM-118 Peacekeeper 2225:The New York Times 2175:on 21 January 2021 2103:Air Force Magazine 1889:Utah History To Go 1365:Arms Control Today 1332:. 15 August 2000. 1166:UGM-133 Trident II 1054: 871: 810: 607:Mercury spacecraft 508:Deployment of the 501: 463:has developed the 438:cold launch system 283:Post-boost vehicle 129:Production history 99:December 1986 61:Vandenberg AFB, CA 6603: 6602: 3666: 3665: 2230:Hawthorne, Calif. 2029:(25 April 1983). 1891:. State of Utah. 1873:, 22 October 1997 1789:Auburn University 1152:Los Angeles Times 1133:Cheyenne, Wyoming 1048:prototype at the 1024:MGM-134 Midgetman 1003:SLBMs come of age 997:MGM-134 Midgetman 985:flexible response 711:inertial platform 559:flexible response 380: 379: 248:solid-fuel rocket 16:(Redirected from 6638: 6584: 6574: 6569: 6564: 6554: 6538: 6528: 6518: 6508: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6468: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6423: 6418: 6402: 6392: 6382: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6337: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6246: 6236: 6206: 6201: 6171: 6146: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6091: 6071: 6061: 6011: 6006: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5951: 5946: 5861: 5856: 5851: 5846: 5811: 5806: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5746: 5701: 5691: 5681: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5646: 5560: 5540: 5520: 5510: 5490: 5470: 5460: 5450: 5440: 5314: 5195: 5158: 5041: 5026: 4991: 4986: 4956: 4776: 4759: 4640: 4635: 4625: 4595: 4522: 4502: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4389: 4379: 4369: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4319: 4284: 4279: 4264: 4238: 4228: 4218: 4208: 4198: 4168: 4148: 4128: 4118: 4108: 4088: 4010: 4000: 3980: 3975: 3965: 3920: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3788: 3778: 3773: 3753: 3693: 3686: 3679: 3670: 3653: 2435: 2428: 2421: 2412: 2384: 2332: 2331: 2329: 2327: 2321: 2314: 2306: 2300: 2299: 2297: 2295: 2284: 2278: 2277: 2275: 2273: 2221: 2213: 2198: 2195: 2189: 2188: 2182: 2180: 2171:. 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3702:system numbers 3698: 3696: 3695: 3688: 3681: 3673: 3664: 3663: 3661: 3660: 3655: 3648: 3642: 3639: 3638: 3636: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3610: 3605: 3600: 3595: 3590: 3585: 3580: 3575: 3570: 3565: 3560: 3555: 3550: 3545: 3540: 3538:Common Missile 3535: 3530: 3525: 3519: 3517: 3513: 3512: 3510: 3509: 3504: 3498: 3496: 3492: 3491: 3489: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3448: 3443: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3423: 3414: 3409: 3404: 3399: 3394: 3389: 3384: 3379: 3374: 3369: 3364: 3359: 3354: 3349: 3344: 3339: 3338: 3337: 3327: 3322: 3317: 3312: 3307: 3302: 3297: 3291: 3289: 3285: 3284: 3282: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3261: 3256: 3251: 3246: 3241: 3236: 3231: 3226: 3221: 3216: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3196: 3191: 3186: 3181: 3176: 3171: 3166: 3161: 3156: 3151: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3101: 3096: 3091: 3086: 3081: 3076: 3075: 3074: 3064: 3059: 3054: 3049: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3029: 3023: 3021: 3017: 3016: 3014: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2998: 2993: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2972: 2971: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2925: 2924: 2919: 2909: 2904: 2899: 2894: 2889: 2884: 2879: 2874: 2869: 2864: 2859: 2854: 2849: 2844: 2839: 2834: 2829: 2824: 2819: 2814: 2809: 2804: 2799: 2794: 2789: 2784: 2779: 2774: 2769: 2764: 2759: 2754: 2749: 2743: 2741: 2737: 2736: 2734: 2733: 2728: 2723: 2718: 2713: 2708: 2703: 2698: 2693: 2688: 2683: 2678: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2658: 2653: 2648: 2643: 2638: 2633: 2628: 2618: 2613: 2608: 2603: 2598: 2593: 2592: 2591: 2581: 2576: 2571: 2566: 2561: 2556: 2551: 2546: 2541: 2536: 2531: 2526: 2521: 2516: 2511: 2506: 2501: 2496: 2495: 2494: 2484: 2479: 2474: 2469: 2464: 2459: 2453: 2451: 2447: 2446: 2444:, 1963–present 2440: 2438: 2437: 2430: 2423: 2415: 2409: 2408: 2403: 2391: 2390:External links 2388: 2386: 2385: 2356:978-1588264046 2355: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2334: 2333: 2301: 2279: 2199: 2190: 2145: 2083: 2041:. p. 39. 2038:The New Yorker 2018: 1983: 1937: 1906: 1875: 1859: 1852: 1832: 1813: 1748: 1714:978-0262132589 1713: 1668: 1657:on 14 May 2006 1631: 1620: 1606: 1595: 1581: 1537:978-0833082190 1536: 1514: 1474: 1450:Missile Threat 1427: 1347: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1295: 1294: 1289: 1282: 1279: 1278: 1277: 1266: 1265: 1264: 1263: 1238: 1237: 1228: 1225: 1192: 1189: 1103: 1100: 1096:silo launchers 1086:attack by the 1034:Main article: 1031: 1028: 1004: 1001: 969: 966: 858: 857:Basing options 855: 836:Sentry program 799: 796: 787:UGM-27 Polaris 734: 731: 702: 699: 666: 663: 658:Alain Enthoven 586: 583: 505: 502: 476: 473: 378: 377: 374: 369: 366: 365: 359: 355: 354: 344: 339: 336: 335: 332: 330:Maximum speed 326: 325: 314: 309: 306: 305: 298: 297: 280: 270: 260: 250: 241: 239: 235: 234: 230: 229: 226: 221: 218: 217: 210: 206: 205: 200: 196: 195: 190: 186: 185: 182:87,750 kg 180: 176: 175: 174:Specifications 171: 170: 167:US$ 70,000,000 164: 163:Unit cost 160: 159: 157: 156: 153: 148: 143: 137: 135: 131: 130: 126: 125: 120: 116: 115: 97: 93: 92: 88: 87: 84: 80: 79: 74: 70: 69: 54: 46: 45: 35: 24: 14: 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Section 3. 2220: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2206: 2204: 2200: 2194: 2191: 2186: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2161: 2156: 2149: 2146: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2104: 2099: 2092: 2090: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2039: 2033: 2028: 2022: 2019: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1987: 1984: 1979: 1967: 1963: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1941: 1938: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1910: 1907: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1879: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1863: 1860: 1855: 1849: 1845: 1844: 1836: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1822: 1817: 1814: 1801: 1797: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1785: 1777: 1775: 1773: 1771: 1769: 1767: 1765: 1763: 1761: 1759: 1757: 1755: 1753: 1749: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1710: 1706: 1701: 1700: 1691: 1689: 1687: 1685: 1683: 1681: 1679: 1677: 1675: 1673: 1669: 1653: 1649: 1642: 1635: 1632: 1629: 1624: 1621: 1616: 1610: 1607: 1604: 1599: 1596: 1591: 1585: 1582: 1578: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1548: 1543: 1539: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1518: 1515: 1510: 1505: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1478: 1475: 1471: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1440: 1438: 1436: 1434: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1366: 1361: 1354: 1352: 1348: 1335: 1331: 1330: 1325: 1319: 1317: 1315: 1313: 1311: 1309: 1307: 1303: 1297: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1287:List of ICBMs 1285: 1284: 1280: 1275: 1271: 1268: 1267: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1242: 1241: 1240: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1230: 1226: 1224: 1222: 1219:test for the 1218: 1214: 1213:Minuteman III 1210: 1206: 1201: 1199: 1190: 1188: 1184: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1169: 1167: 1161: 1158: 1157:whistleblower 1154: 1153: 1148: 1147: 1141: 1139: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1117: 1114: 1110: 1101: 1099: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1051: 1047: 1042: 1037: 1029: 1027: 1025: 1020: 1016: 1014: 1009: 1002: 1000: 998: 994: 988: 986: 982: 977: 975: 967: 965: 962: 957: 953: 951: 947: 943: 939: 934: 932: 928: 923: 919: 918:Rube Goldberg 915: 914:Ronald Reagan 910: 908: 904: 900: 899:Beaver County 896: 892: 888: 884: 879: 877: 868: 863: 856: 854: 852: 848: 844: 839: 837: 833: 828: 823: 818: 816: 808: 804: 797: 795: 792: 788: 783: 778: 775: 770: 766: 764: 759: 755: 751: 747: 744: 740: 732: 730: 726: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 700: 698: 695: 691: 686: 684: 680: 676: 672: 664: 662: 659: 655: 651: 646: 644: 640: 634: 630: 627: 623: 619: 614: 612: 611:X-20 Dynasoar 608: 604: 600: 595: 592: 584: 582: 580: 576: 571: 567: 562: 560: 556: 550: 548: 544: 540: 534: 531: 527: 526:missile silos 523: 519: 515: 511: 503: 498: 494: 490: 486: 481: 474: 472: 470: 466: 462: 457: 455: 450: 446: 441: 439: 434: 430: 429:Ronald Reagan 426: 421: 417: 415: 412: 409: 405: 401: 400:United States 397: 393: 389: 385: 375: 367: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 345: 337: 333: 327: 323: 319: 315: 307: 303: 296: 292: 288: 284: 281: 278: 274: 271: 268: 264: 261: 258: 254: 251: 249: 246: 243: 242: 240: 236: 231: 227: 219: 215: 211: 207: 201: 197: 191: 187: 181: 177: 172: 165: 161: 154: 152: 149: 147: 144: 142: 139: 138: 136: 132: 127: 124: 121: 117: 98: 94: 89: 86:United States 85: 81: 78: 75: 71: 66: 62: 58: 52: 47: 40: 34: 30: 19: 3834: 3645: 3516:Undesignated 3118: 2346: 2324:. Retrieved 2304: 2292:. Retrieved 2282: 2270:. Retrieved 2223: 2193: 2183:– via 2177:. Retrieved 2173:the original 2158: 2148: 2136:. Retrieved 2101: 2078: 2071:. Retrieved 2036: 2021: 2013:Google Books 2011:– via 1986: 1976:– via 1970:. Retrieved 1940: 1928:. Retrieved 1919: 1909: 1897:. Retrieved 1888: 1878: 1870: 1862: 1842: 1835: 1816: 1804:. Retrieved 1783: 1741:– via 1698: 1659:. Retrieved 1652:the original 1634: 1623: 1609: 1598: 1584: 1575: 1523: 1517: 1507: 1502:– via 1496:. Retrieved 1487: 1477: 1469: 1462:. Retrieved 1449: 1421: 1414:. Retrieved 1369: 1363: 1338:. Retrieved 1327: 1202: 1194: 1185: 1170: 1162: 1150: 1144: 1142: 1118: 1105: 1088:Soviet Union 1084:counterforce 1081:first strike 1057: 1055: 1021: 1017: 1010: 1006: 989: 978: 971: 958: 954: 950:overpressure 935: 911: 889:and western 880: 872: 840: 819: 811: 779: 771: 767: 762: 758:first strike 739:Soviet Union 736: 727: 719:fluorocarbon 704: 701:INS advances 687: 675:BGM-75 AICBM 668: 647: 635: 631: 615: 596: 591:first strike 588: 585:Golden Arrow 563: 555:countervalue 551: 535: 530:counterforce 507: 497:World War II 458: 442: 425:Jimmy Carter 422: 418: 387: 383: 381: 301: 289:restartable 282: 272: 263:Second stage 262: 252: 134:Manufacturer 119:Used by 33: 3613:Senior Prom 2651:LGM-35 (II) 2232:p. 1. 2197:Parsch 2006 1830:, MIT, 1959 1661:5 September 1274:Minotaur IV 1138:Radio Shack 1077:nuclear war 895:Paul Laxalt 746:Heavy ICBMs 723:gimbal lock 489:W87 warhead 465:Minotaur IV 316:6,000 310:Operational 302:First stage 273:Third stage 253:First stage 245:Three-stage 204:7.7 ft 202:2.34 m 192:21.8 m 59:(1 STRAD), 29:MX missiles 6610:Categories 3330:AGM-158A/B 2646:AQM-35 (I) 2373:1025432262 2365:2005029420 2254:sn00061556 2120:sn94033335 2055:sf86091827 2009:B0006YCQ4I 1995:(Report). 1853:0160723086 1806:23 October 1564:1030350609 1556:2015031303 1406:1017367445 1298:References 1146:60 Minutes 1102:Deployment 1013:Trident II 993:Warren AFB 961:fratricide 938:dense pack 847:Autonetics 376:Fixed silo 287:Rocketdyne 222:Detonation 194:72 ft 111:2005-09-12 18:MX missile 4509:A/B/E/F/N 3646:See also: 3558:Have Dash 2922:AGM-84H/K 2621:MGM-31A/B 2381:22720470M 2326:9 January 2294:9 January 2246:0362-4331 2238:1553-8095 2185:CNN Money 2169:0015-8259 2138:2 October 2128:915477546 2112:0730-6784 2063:320541675 2047:0028-792X 2032:"Comment" 1962:ADA478140 1796:ADA452153 1731:249292161 1705:MIT Press 1572:27509240M 1382:0196-125X 1376:: 35–36. 1340:2 October 1207:, as the 1113:Kwajalein 944:(69 748:like the 622:turboprop 510:Minuteman 504:Minuteman 394:-capable 224:mechanism 3421:AIM-174B 3335:AGM-158C 3072:BGM-109G 2969:"AIM-92" 2317:Archived 2266:Archived 2132:Archived 2067:Archived 1966:Archived 1924:Archived 1893:Archived 1824:Archived 1800:Archived 1739:9637673M 1723:90005915 1492:Archived 1458:Archived 1410:Archived 1398:87656007 1390:23627780 1334:Archived 1281:See also 1258:onboard 1227:Operator 1217:Ares I-X 1149:and the 1092:Cold War 1044:Retired 987:policy. 922:Titan II 851:Northrop 679:Titan II 643:Titan II 514:Cold War 449:START II 372:platform 358:Accuracy 347:Inertial 340:Guidance 277:Hercules 199:Diameter 6583:957–967 6553:900–951 6546:900–999 6537:847–899 6527:835–845 6507:824–831 6467:808–816 6410:800–899 6401:755–799 6391:746–753 6336:700–735 6329:700–799 5713:A/B (I) 5568:600–699 5559:593–599 5539:581–589 5519:571–579 5509:561–569 5489:551–559 5469:543–549 5459:531–541 5449:521–529 5439:501–519 5427:500–599 4550:400–499 4521:381–397 4501:338–379 4251:300–399 4237:280–298 4227:240–278 4217:227–238 4050:200–299 4009:143–197 3708:100–199 3623:Wagtail 3603:OpFires 3523:Aequare 3507:MIM-401 3502:AIM-260 3486:AGM-187 3481:MQM-186 3476:MQM-185 3471:RGM-184 3466:AGM-183 3461:LGM-182 3456:AGM-181 3451:AGM-180 3446:AGM-179 3441:MQM-178 3436:BQM-177 3431:AGM-176 3426:MQM-175 3417:RIM-174 3412:GQM-173 3407:FGM-172 3402:MQM-171 3397:MQM-170 3392:AGM-169 3387:MGM-168 3382:BQM-167 3377:MGM-166 3372:RGM-165 3367:MGM-164 3362:GQM-163 3357:RIM-162 3352:RIM-161 3347:ADM-160 3342:AGM-159 3325:MGM-157 3320:RIM-156 3315:BQM-155 3310:AGM-154 3305:AGM-153 3300:AIM-152 3295:FQM-151 3288:151–200 3279:PQM-150 3274:PQM-149 3269:FGM-148 3264:BQM-147 3259:MIM-146 3254:BQM-145 3249:ADM-144 3244:MQM-143 3239:AGM-142 3234:ADM-141 3229:MGM-140 3224:RUM-139 3219:CEM-138 3214:AGM-137 3209:AGM-136 3204:ASM-135 3199:MGM-134 3194:UGM-133 3189:AIM-132 3184:AGM-131 3179:AGM-130 3174:AGM-129 3169:AQM-128 3164:AQM-127 3159:BQM-126 3149:AGM-124 3144:AGM-123 3139:AGM-122 3129:AIM-120 3124:AGM-119 3119:LGM-118 3114:FQM-117 3109:RIM-116 3104:MIM-115 3099:AGM-114 3094:RIM-113 3089:AGM-112 3084:BQM-111 3079:BGM-110 3062:BQM-108 3057:MQM-107 3052:BQM-106 3047:MQM-105 3042:MIM-104 3037:AQM-103 3032:PQM-102 3027:RIM-101 3020:101–150 3011:LIM-100 2917:AGM-84E 2721:XLIM-49 2625:MGM-31C 2589:LGM-25C 2584:HGM-25A 2272:7 March 2262:1645522 2160:Fortune 1787:(PhD). 1252:Wyoming 903:leaders 715:gimbals 697:hours. 671:STRAT-X 665:WS-120A 566:US Navy 564:As the 522:megaton 495:during 414:warhead 408:kiloton 257:Thiokol 209:Warhead 109: ( 103:1986-12 101: ( 6435:L (II) 6298:S (II) 6028:A (II) 5963:A (II) 5718:B (II) 5341:L (II) 5125:L (II) 4863:G (II) 4721:M (II) 3618:Sprint 3006:LIM-99 3001:YQM-98 2996:AIM-97 2991:UGM-96 2986:AIM-95 2981:YQM-94 2976:XQM-93 2964:FIM-92 2959:AQM-91 2954:BQM-90 2949:UGM-89 2944:AGM-88 2939:AGM-87 2934:AGM-86 2929:RIM-85 2907:AGM-83 2902:AIM-82 2897:AQM-81 2892:AGM-80 2887:AGM-79 2882:AGM-78 2877:FGM-77 2872:AGM-76 2867:BGM-75 2862:BQM-74 2857:UGM-73 2852:MIM-72 2847:BGM-71 2842:LEM-70 2837:AGM-69 2832:AIM-68 2827:RIM-67 2822:RIM-66 2817:AGM-65 2812:AGM-64 2807:AGM-63 2802:AGM-62 2797:MQM-61 2792:AQM-60 2787:RGM-59 2782:MQM-58 2777:MQM-57 2772:PQM-56 2767:RIM-55 2762:AIM-54 2757:AGM-53 2752:MGM-52 2747:MGM-51 2740:51–100 2731:RIM-50 2726:LIM-49 2716:AGM-48 2711:AIM-47 2706:MIM-46 2701:AGM-45 2696:UUM-44 2691:FIM-43 2686:MQM-42 2681:AQM-41 2676:MQM-40 2671:MQM-39 2666:AQM-38 2661:AQM-37 2656:MQM-36 2641:AQM-34 2636:MQM-33 2631:MGM-32 2616:LGM-30 2611:MGM-29 2606:AGM-28 2601:UGM-27 2596:AIM-26 2579:RIM-24 2574:MIM-23 2569:AGM-22 2564:MGM-21 2559:ADM-20 2554:PGM-19 2549:MGM-18 2544:PGM-17 2539:CGM-16 2534:RGM-15 2529:MIM-14 2519:AGM-12 2514:PGM-11 2509:CIM-10 2379: 2371: 2363: 2353: 2260: 2252: 2244: 2236: 2179:4 July 2167: 2126: 2118: 2110: 2073:4 July 2061: 2053: 2045: 2007: 1972:4 July 1930:9 June 1920:Ensign 1899:9 June 1850: 1737: 1729: 1721: 1711: 1570: 1562: 1554: 1544: 1534: 1498:5 July 1464:5 July 1416:5 July 1404: 1396: 1388: 1380: 959:This " 887:Nevada 832:Sprint 743:MIRVed 370:Launch 342:system 238:Engine 189:Length 141:Boeing 6430:L (I) 6293:S (I) 6023:A (I) 5958:A (I) 5361:L (I) 5336:L (I) 5120:L (I) 4858:G (I) 4716:M (I) 4562:B/C/N 3633:GLSDB 3593:NCADE 3583:MA-31 3533:Brazo 3528:ASALM 2504:AIM-9 2499:RIM-8 2492:RIM-7 2487:AIM-7 2482:RGM-6 2477:MGM-5 2472:AIM-4 2467:MIM-3 2462:RIM-2 2457:MGM-1 2402:copy) 2320:(PDF) 2313:(PDF) 2234:eISSN 1655:(PDF) 1644:(PDF) 1542:JSTOR 1386:JSTOR 1372:(8). 1060:is a 948:) of 931:mesas 912:When 876:mesas 750:SS-18 312:range 6426:802 6249:695 6214:691 6184:687 6149:683 6129:681 6074:672 6034:666 6019:665 5954:655 5884:649 5864:648 5784:634 5709:621 5609:603 5594:602 5579:601 5523:580 5493:560 5473:550 5402:499 5372:498 5352:497 5332:495 5297:490 5262:485 5242:484 5178:478 5141:474 5116:471 4999:451 4959:445 4924:441 4884:435 4854:431 4829:428 4814:427 4799:426 4742:418 4707:416 4687:414 4603:405 4530:399 4505:380 4342:315 4287:306 4181:222 4061:201 3943:132 3831:118 3816:117 3756:107 3608:PrSM 3598:NLOS 3588:MSDM 3578:LRHW 3573:LREW 3553:HACM 3548:HALO 3495:201– 2450:1–50 2369:OCLC 2361:LCCN 2351:ISBN 2328:2020 2296:2020 2274:2017 2258:OCLC 2250:LCCN 2242:ISSN 2181:2022 2165:ISSN 2140:2020 2124:OCLC 2116:LCCN 2108:ISSN 2075:2022 2059:OCLC 2051:LCCN 2043:ISSN 2005:ASIN 1974:2022 1959:DTIC 1932:2012 1901:2012 1848:ISBN 1808:2011 1793:DTIC 1727:OCLC 1719:LCCN 1709:ISBN 1663:2007 1560:OCLC 1552:LCCN 1532:ISBN 1500:2022 1466:2022 1418:2022 1402:OCLC 1394:LCCN 1378:ISSN 1342:2020 1232:The 1056:The 891:Utah 789:and 782:SLBM 763:both 485:MIRV 392:MIRV 382:The 351:AIRS 179:Mass 73:Type 65:USAF 6588:968 6578:956 6573:855 6568:854 6563:853 6558:952 6532:846 6522:834 6517:833 6512:832 6502:823 6497:822 6492:821 6487:820 6482:819 6477:818 6472:817 6462:807 6457:806 6452:805 6447:804 6442:803 6422:801 6417:800 6396:754 6386:745 6381:744 6376:743 6371:742 6366:741 6361:740 6356:739 6351:738 6346:737 6341:736 6320:699 6315:698 6310:697 6305:696 6245:694 6240:693 6235:692 6210:690 6205:689 6200:688 6180:686 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