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However, a detailed history of the invention of the
Mackintosh was published by Schurer. The essence of Macintosh's process was the sandwiching of an impermeable layer of a solution of rubber in naphtha between two layers of fabric. The naphtha was
308:
In 2007, Mackintosh was bought by Tokyo firm Yagi Tsusho. With the backing of its parent company
Mackintosh has continued to expand its reputation and marketing operations. In January 2011, the company opened its first fashion store in London.
218:
being a major supplier. Syme did not propose the sandwich idea, and his paper did not mention waterproofing. Waterproofing garments with rubber was an old idea and was practised in pre-Columbian times by the Aztecs, who impregnated fabric with
280:
near
Glasgow. Around the turn of the 21st century, senior staff members acquired the company and established the traditional rubberised Mackintosh coat as an upmarket brand in its own right. The company collaborated with leading
234:. Hancock had also been experimenting with rubber coated fabrics since 1819. Production of rubberised coats soon spread across the UK. All kinds of coats were produced with rubberized material, including
223:. Later French scientists made balloons gas-tight (and incidentally, impermeable) by impregnating fabric with rubber dissolved in turpentine, but this solvent was not satisfactory for making apparel.
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Early coats had problems with poor smell, stiffness, and a tendency to melt in hot weather. Hancock improved his waterproof fabrics, patenting a method for
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174:
Although the
Mackintosh coat style has become generic, a genuine Mackintosh coat is made from rubberised or rubber laminated material.
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Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, the company continued to make waterproof clothing. In 1925 the company was taken over by
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in 2000 for its success in international trade. In
December 2003 the company name was formally changed to Mackintosh.
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In the mid-1990s the
Mackintosh brand owner, Traditional Weatherwear, was on the verge of closing its factory in
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Personal
Narrative of the Origin and Progress of the Caoutchouc or India-Rubber Manufacture in England
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Ronalds, B.F. (2019). "Bonnington
Chemical Works (1822-1878): Pioneer Coal Tar Company".
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301:. The coats became particularly popular with Japanese women, and the company won a
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198:; Syme's method of creating the solvent from coal tar was published in Thomson's
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and coats supplied to the
British Army, British railways, and UK police forces.
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International
Journal for the History of Engineering & Technology
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19:
This article is about the waterproof coat. For the confectioner, see
438:
Schurer, H (1951). "The Macintosh: The Paternity of an Invention".
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It has been claimed that the material was invented by the surgeon
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In 1830 Macintosh's company merged with the clothing company of
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Excerpts from "The Macintosh: the Paternity of an Invention"
905:
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636:. London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans & Roberts.
557:. Queensawards.org.uk. 30 September 2013. Archived from
171:. The variant spelling of "Mackintosh" is now standard.
126:
202:
in 1818; this paper also describes the dissolution of
653:
The Macintosh Factory in Manchester – Outline history
607:
Raincoat-chic: Mackintosh joins London fashion scene
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529:"Return of the Mac: The reinvention of Mackintosh"
581:"Mackintosh opens first fashion store in London"
328:"The rebirth of the Mackintosh fashion label".
186:A gentleman's Macintosh, from an 1893 catalogue
245:rubber in 1843, solving many of the problems.
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43:
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2006:
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323:
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34:, a line of personal computers created by
409:"Article V. On a Substance from Coal Tar"
317:
167:, although many writers added a letter
3016:Clothing brands of the United Kingdom
7:
440:Transactions of the Newcomen Society
2929:Global trade of secondhand clothing
555:"The Queen's Awards for Enterprise"
605:Caroline Copley (19 January 2011),
194:, but then copied and patented by
159:The Mackintosh is named after its
14:
373:Shorter Oxford English Dictionary
2965:
724:
350:. 3 October 2002. Archived from
252:Mackintosh Store, 104 Mount St,
109:Rubberised coats and accessories
2996:Clothing companies of Scotland
663:Timeline of rubber development
149:, first sold in 1824, made of
1:
479:10.1080/17581206.2020.1787807
303:Queen's Award for Enterprise
3032:
2939:List of individual dresses
145:) is a form of waterproof
29:
18:
2962:
2009:
943:
722:
419:(July to December): 112–3
386:"Whonamedit – James Syme"
216:Bonnington Chemical Works
214:from coal tar, with the
30:Not to be confused with
375:, 6th ed. (2008)p. 1668
2944:Reconstructed clothing
828:Dunlop Sport Australia
257:
187:
23:. For other uses, see
781:Dunlop Aircraft Tyres
251:
185:
2885:Environmental impact
452:10.1179/tns.1951.005
413:Annals of Philosophy
200:Annals of Philosophy
3006:Scottish inventions
2972:Clothing portal
818:BTR Aerospace Group
658:Mackintosh Rainwear
501:"Return of the Mac"
139:Mackintosh raincoat
45:
16:Waterproof raincoat
354:on 30 October 2007
332:. 8 February 2011.
258:
188:
3001:Scottish clothing
2978:
2977:
2949:Right to clothing
2873:Halloween costume
2841:
2840:
2816:black lounge suit
2416:
2415:
2216:
2215:
1990:
1989:
1769:
1768:
903:
902:
899:
898:
841:
840:
587:. 21 January 2011
505:Belfast Telegraph
407:Syme, J. (1818).
344:"Mrs Mac is back"
196:Charles Macintosh
165:Charles Macintosh
135:
134:
99:Charles Macintosh
3023:
2991:Coats (clothing)
2970:
2969:
2954:Vintage clothing
2782:
2727:Pocket protector
2011:
2007:
1967:Bodysuit, infant
1858:
1639:formal, informal
1634:
1474:Ceremonial dress
930:
923:
916:
907:
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853:John Boyd Dunlop
823:Dunlop Slazenger
761:
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706:Original company
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535:. 8 October 2007
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141:(abbreviated as
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63:Textile industry
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3011:Scottish brands
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2900:made-to-measure
2853:Clothing fetish
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2771:
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2600:
2542:
2518:Square leg suit
2464:
2440:Blanket sleeper
2412:
2403:Sleeved blanket
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2000:
1998:
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1962:Bodysuit, adult
1950:
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858:Harvey du Cros
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833:Pacific Dunlop
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755:Companies and
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642:External links
640:
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619:
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561:on 12 May 2008
546:
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507:. 4 July 2008.
492:
473:(1–2): 73–91.
457:
430:
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377:
365:
335:
316:
314:
311:
269:
266:
228:Thomas Hancock
204:natural rubber
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891:Dunlop Volley
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713:Dunlop Rubber
711:
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296:
295:Louis Vuitton
292:
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262:Dunlop Rubber
255:
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26:
22:
2912:Fur clothing
2732:Pocket watch
2128:
2053:British Warm
2028:Chesterfield
1939:boxer shorts
1934:boxer briefs
1666:little black
1319:Bell-bottoms
1289:sweater vest
796:
776:Dunlop Tyres
771:Dunlop Sport
632:
621:Bibliography
609:
601:
589:. Retrieved
584:
575:
563:. Retrieved
559:the original
549:
537:. Retrieved
532:
523:
513:
504:
495:
470:
466:
460:
446:(1): 77–87.
443:
439:
433:
421:. Retrieved
416:
412:
402:
390:. Retrieved
388:. Whonamedit
380:
372:
368:
356:. Retrieved
352:the original
348:The Scotsman
347:
338:
330:The Scotsman
329:
307:
271:
259:
240:
236:riding coats
225:
208:
206:in naphtha.
199:
189:
173:
168:
158:
142:
138:
136:
80:Headquarters
49:Company type
40:
21:Mackintosh's
2811:Semi-formal
2777:Dress codes
2667:Boutonnière
2649:Accessories
2528:Swim diaper
2523:Swim briefs
2488:Boardshorts
2408:Windbreaker
2169:Suit jacket
2164:Mess jacket
2058:Guards Coat
1977:See-through
1741:Romper suit
1115:Neck gaiter
1110:Neckerchief
964:Terminology
863:Eric Geddes
746:Oriel House
741:Fort Dunlop
716:(1889–1985)
278:Cumbernauld
243:vulcanising
117:Yagi Tsusho
85:Cumbernauld
2985:Categories
2752:Suspenders
2747:Sunglasses
2682:Cummerbund
2672:Coin purse
2576:Flip-flops
2571:Dress shoe
2566:Dress boot
2561:Court shoe
2508:Rash guard
2455:Nightshirt
2329:Harrington
2287:pellegrina
2147:Frock coat
2140:Suit coats
2129:Mackintosh
2070:Over-frock
1929:Underpants
1878:Undershirt
1751:Shirtdress
1592:boilersuit
1489:diplomatic
1451:Yoga pants
1441:Sweatpants
1354:High water
1349:Go-to-hell
1242:sleeveless
1195:halterneck
1185:cache-cœur
1105:Lavallière
959:Technology
797:Mackintosh
734:Facilities
591:6 November
565:6 November
539:6 November
358:6 November
313:References
232:Manchester
192:James Syme
151:rubberised
127:mackintosh
94:Key people
87:, Scotland
53:Subsidiary
44:Mackintosh
2821:black tie
2804:white tie
2712:Jewellery
2629:Pantyhose
2503:One-piece
2450:Nightgown
2422:Nightwear
2260:Inverness
2255:ferraiolo
2080:shadbelly
2048:Greatcoat
2015:Overcoats
2002:outerwear
1848:Underwear
1803:Miniskirt
1788:Ballerina
1705:Strapless
1683:debutante
1678:ball gown
1656:Coatdress
1597:cleanroom
1555:Religious
1550:Political
1446:Windpants
1384:Parachute
1301:Waistcoat
1279:polo neck
802:Slazenger
487:221115202
392:23 August
274:Blairlinn
256:, London.
212:distilled
163:inventor
101:, Founder
32:Macintosh
2828:Informal
2757:Umbrella
2702:Headband
2677:Cufflink
2634:Stocking
2619:Hold-ups
2548:Footwear
2498:Monokini
2493:Dry suit
2470:Swimwear
2445:Negligee
2435:Babygrow
2430:Babydoll
2398:Ski suit
2381:bathrobe
2361:Lab coat
2339:mackinaw
2282:mozzetta
2272:monastic
2233:pinafore
2196:Tailcoat
2124:Raincoat
1904:Leggings
1873:Camisole
1853:lingerie
1761:Sundress
1661:Cocktail
1646:Backless
1587:Workwear
1570:vestment
1565:clerical
1545:Pantsuit
1511:Military
1506:Jumpsuit
1501:Jodhpuri
1479:academic
1466:uniforms
1436:Slim-fit
1424:hotpants
1374:Overalls
1369:Jodhpurs
1311:Trousers
1264:guernsey
1259:cardigan
1200:tube top
1190:crop top
1082:Neckwear
1057:Kerchief
998:baseball
980:Headwear
969:Timeline
954:Industry
937:Clothing
872:Products
630:(1857).
585:BBC News
161:Scottish
147:raincoat
106:Products
59:Industry
25:McIntosh
2924:Fursuit
2890:Fashion
2863:Costume
2846:Related
2786:Western
2707:Handbag
2692:Glasses
2687:Gaiters
2657:Armband
2606:Legwear
2596:Sneaker
2591:Slipper
2538:Wetsuit
2483:Burkini
2460:Pajamas
2344:Norfolk
2334:leather
2299:Cut-off
2245:Cagoule
2240:Blouson
2206:morning
2179:smoking
2152:bekishe
2109:Paletot
1909:Panties
1818:Rah-rah
1813:Prairie
1710:Wedding
1695:Prairie
1673:Evening
1624:Dresses
1560:cassock
1526:service
1429:running
1414:dolphin
1409:dycling
1404:Bermuda
1379:Palazzo
1359:Lowrise
1324:Bondage
1294:twinset
1254:Sweater
1207:Cycling
1120:Necktie
1035:homburg
949:History
811:Defunct
764:Current
611:Reuters
299:Liberty
283:fashion
268:Revival
254:Mayfair
178:History
122:Website
75:, 1846s
73:Glasgow
69:Founded
2833:Casual
2794:Formal
2762:Wallet
2717:Livery
2697:Gloves
2639:Tights
2624:Garter
2581:Sandal
2533:Trunks
2478:Bikini
2371:Poncho
2356:Jerkin
2349:safari
2324:goggle
2319:flight
2309:Jacket
2294:Coatee
2267:Mantle
2184:sports
2174:Blazer
2092:Ulster
2087:Trench
2075:Riding
2043:Duster
2038:Duffel
2033:Covert
1944:briefs
1894:Diaper
1887:Bottom
1823:Sarong
1808:Pencil
1783:A-line
1775:Skirts
1746:Sheath
1736:Jumper
1724:Casual
1612:scrubs
1602:hazmat
1582:Prison
1577:School
1538:combat
1531:sailor
1399:Shorts
1344:Formal
1274:jersey
1269:hoodie
1232:Henley
1217:Mantle
1180:Blouse
1162:Tippet
1145:school
1140:kipper
1095:Choker
1067:Turban
1047:Helmet
1030:fedora
1025:bowler
1020:boater
846:People
790:Former
757:brands
699:Dunlop
485:
423:4 July
297:, and
291:Hermès
154:fabric
2917:types
2767:Watch
2742:Spats
2513:Sling
2393:Shawl
2366:Parka
2304:Gilet
2277:royal
2228:Apron
2221:Other
2201:dress
2157:rekel
2102:opera
2097:Cloak
2065:Greca
1996:Coats
1982:Teddy
1924:Thong
1828:Skort
1798:Men's
1793:Denim
1731:House
1690:Plain
1629:gowns
1607:space
1484:court
1461:Suits
1364:Jeans
1339:Chaps
1334:Cargo
1329:Capri
1284:shrug
1227:dress
1222:Shirt
1212:Kurta
1157:Scarf
1150:stock
1125:ascot
1090:Bands
988:Beret
886:KT-26
879:Shoes
483:S2CID
287:Gucci
221:latex
114:Owner
36:Apple
2934:Laws
2737:Sash
2722:Muff
2662:Belt
2614:Sock
2586:Shoe
2556:Boot
2376:Robe
2314:down
2250:Cape
2189:Teba
2119:Polo
1955:Full
1919:Slip
1851:and
1838:Wrap
1833:Tutu
1756:Slip
1715:Wrap
1627:and
1521:mess
1516:full
1496:Folk
1394:Phat
1237:polo
1172:Tops
1130:bolo
1072:Veil
1062:Mask
1052:Hood
1008:knit
1003:flat
593:2013
567:2013
541:2013
425:2022
394:2013
360:2013
137:The
129:.com
2114:Pea
2023:Car
1999:and
1868:Bra
1861:Top
1463:and
1419:gym
1135:bow
1040:top
1015:Hat
993:Cap
475:doi
448:doi
417:XII
230:in
156:.
143:mac
2987::
583:.
531:.
503:.
481:.
471:89
469:.
444:28
442:.
415:.
411:.
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691:e
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614:.
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