633:
cities it temporarily played an important role. Membership in the strictly managed organization was a prerequisite for higher military service. The curriculum of the school included paramilitary exercises and sports, but also subjects such as finance, politics, and culture. The
Brotherhood became increasingly influential over time, as rich citizens of provincial cities used it to resist the authority of the central government. In the year 238 the Emperor Gordian I himself joined the organization. Emperor Diocletian restored the school. In the Christian era the original building, called the Basilica, was used as a church, using a Punic sarcophagus from the adjacent necropolis as an altar.
408:
560:
703:
52:
667:
65:
715:
679:
640:
1140:
419:
655:
133:
1024:
691:
72:
632:
Built around the year 200, this building complex was the meeting place of the "youth organization" or
Brotherhood, a kind of militia of young men, whose duties included policing and especially tax collection. The organization in Maktar consisted of about 70 members, and as in other Roman provincial
571:
Numerous inscriptions are recorded through the ruins. French archaeological excavations began in 1914, and were continued from 1944 on a large scale. Although not fully excavated, the ruins unearthed so far, especially of the thermal baths and the Schola of the
Juvenes, mark this as one of the most
611:
This rectangular paved gathering place was designed ca 116 AD under Trajan as a forum for the Roman population when Roman citizenship was granted to members of the local elite. (The indigenous population had its own forum 50m to the southwest.) The space was surrounded by a portico, and the south
580:
The site has several megaliths, large slabs evidently used in the burial of ashen remains. Excavations by
Mansour Ghaki of an intact burial chamber uncovered many ceramics of various origins, both local and imported, dating from the early third century BC.
591:
The temple of Hathor Miskar is well known because of the extensive excavations that were carried out there, even if the remains are poorly preserved. At the center of the sanctuary, archaeologists have found an altar dated to about
588:(Thugga). In addition, archaeologists have unearthed a Numidian-period public square that is thought to be the religious center of the city due to the presence of temples, which later housed a temple to Augustus and Rome.
524:(284–305). In late antiquity the Mactaris diocese of the Roman Church was founded, and Christianization of the city could be seen in the construction of numerous churches. The city was mentioned in the 5th-century
3083:
799:
1128:
1042:
3073:
624:
rise to 15 m. The building was constructed around the year 200 AD and is decorated with oriental foliage on the capitals and with a beautiful mosaic floor.
3063:
458:
refugees flocked to Maktar, bringing their culture and skills. Buildings, civic organization, and language were strongly influenced by the
Carthaginians.
525:
930:
600:
520:
The troubles of the third century, which ushered in the decline of the Roman Empire, also affected Maktar. The decline was halted awhile under
1057:
1106:
1121:
702:
890:
Ilẹvbare, J.A. (June 1974). "The Impact of the
Carthaginians and the Romans on the Administrative System of the Maghreb Part I".
96:
3058:
544:
407:
302:
64:
3078:
3068:
1114:
985:
666:
461:
Roman occupation at first retained the Punic government and administration through the consular-style magistracy of the
1011:
776:
Each year, the city hosts a festival called the "Maktaris
Festival," which serves as an economic boost for the region.
426:
In the 3rd century BC the
Numidians built a strategic fortress at the site, chosen to control trade routes between
730:
Although the Roman diocese effectively ceased operating with the arrival of the
Islamic armies, the see remains a
678:
1144:
714:
559:
639:
301:, it reversed its earlier role to serve as a defense post against local Berber attacks. The town survived the
2170:
2952:
2576:
2119:
506:
478:
143:
2657:
1810:
654:
168:
2637:
2491:
1597:
1165:
51:
2662:
2844:
1739:
1299:
1283:
1098:
399:, with cold winters and warm summers and occasional snowfall during the months of January and February.
360:
199:
2566:
2266:
1182:
739:
367:, which became Colonia Aelia Aurelia Mactaris upon its elevation to colony status. This name was later
2992:
2911:
2180:
1663:
1607:
1521:
1455:
1592:
2677:
2597:
2058:
1922:
1552:
1405:
1359:
1207:
564:
537:
396:
250:
232:
228:
163:
148:
1856:
1052:, Studi Africanistici: Quaderni di Studi Berberi e Libico-Berberi, Naples: Unior, pp. 65–71,
2890:
2743:
2642:
2321:
1947:
1820:
1805:
1724:
1339:
1268:
1156:
899:
690:
2667:
1526:
1516:
2936:
2632:
2392:
2189:
2038:
1694:
1572:
1536:
1263:
1258:
1063:
1053:
877:
835:
584:
The site includes an example of Punic mausoleum pyramid, similar to the mausoleum of Atban at
514:
2652:
2647:
1587:
1440:
620:
The Great Baths are among the best preserved of their kind in North Africa. The walls of the
2926:
2794:
2607:
2470:
2432:
2201:
2043:
2033:
1907:
1851:
1684:
1501:
1491:
1445:
1395:
1273:
1177:
486:
298:
266:
2048:
2880:
2799:
2506:
2452:
2417:
2306:
2196:
1871:
1775:
814:
447:
254:
216:
2789:
2342:
313:
century before being reëstablished. The present town had a population of 13,576 in 2014.
2916:
2829:
2804:
2733:
2546:
2407:
2387:
2372:
2226:
2206:
1800:
1790:
1714:
1582:
1511:
1430:
1223:
955:
735:
352:
340:
328:
290:
262:
1025:"Festival international de Maktaris : Madha à l'ouverture, Bouchnak à la clôture"
3052:
2977:
2779:
2622:
2541:
2427:
2347:
2276:
2145:
2018:
1927:
1719:
1628:
1471:
1243:
1233:
1050:
La Lingua nella Vita e la Vita della Lingua: Itinerari e
Percorsi degli Studi Berberi
943:
529:
510:
391:
at around 900 m (2,953 ft) above sea level. It sits on the other side of a
282:
274:
2982:
2834:
2824:
2819:
2592:
2551:
2362:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2216:
2084:
2074:
2028:
1912:
1902:
1679:
1400:
1385:
1314:
1092:
1978:
418:
3018:
3013:
2957:
2585:
2422:
2367:
2357:
2261:
2221:
2140:
2128:
2013:
2008:
1841:
1795:
1648:
1567:
1192:
872:"Inscription de l'Henchir Makter (Colonia Aelia Aurelia Mactaris)" 27 juin 1884
731:
621:
603:
of 2012 to add various pre-Islamic monuments to the Unesco World Heritage List.
482:
368:
2870:
2860:
2814:
2809:
2713:
2703:
2397:
2352:
2241:
2155:
2099:
2067:
1963:
1932:
1892:
1861:
1770:
1755:
1643:
1623:
1496:
1334:
1324:
1304:
1172:
1043:"Toponymie et Onomastique Libyques: L'Apport de l'Écriture Punique/Néopunique"
548:
521:
306:
132:
1067:
111:
98:
2853:
2774:
2698:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2496:
2402:
2382:
2301:
2150:
2104:
2094:
1988:
1748:
1704:
1689:
1633:
1481:
1420:
1292:
1228:
1197:
1084:
439:
190:
874:
Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
612:
side is still dominated by the majestic and well-preserved Arch of Trajan.
3001:
2967:
2962:
2764:
2617:
2612:
2437:
2311:
2236:
2109:
2089:
1973:
1897:
1760:
1699:
1672:
1616:
1476:
1464:
1425:
1329:
1319:
752:
431:
294:
903:
17:
3023:
3008:
2972:
2921:
2906:
2723:
2708:
2686:
2447:
2442:
2412:
2377:
2296:
2246:
2231:
2211:
2079:
2023:
1983:
1937:
1887:
1780:
1709:
1653:
1638:
1577:
1557:
1506:
1435:
1415:
1410:
1380:
1368:
1309:
1248:
1216:
1139:
533:
498:
490:
443:
427:
395:
from the Roman ruins and is known for its scenic views. The town has a
388:
246:
243:
236:
136:
3033:
2899:
2875:
2865:
2784:
2769:
2759:
2752:
2728:
2693:
2627:
2556:
2536:
2516:
2511:
2501:
2486:
2337:
2330:
2256:
2251:
2165:
2160:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1968:
1956:
1917:
1880:
1846:
1829:
1765:
1729:
1562:
1486:
1390:
1375:
1344:
1253:
1187:
646:
585:
551:
in 1050 led to the complete destruction and abandonment of the site.
502:
494:
455:
435:
392:
384:
258:
3028:
2945:
2718:
2602:
2561:
2271:
1785:
1545:
1349:
1238:
558:
468:
463:
417:
406:
380:
273:
BC. Under Roman rule, it obtained the status of a free city under
2479:
2135:
1836:
1008:
Bringing in the Sheaves: Economy and Metaphor in the Roman World
195:
1110:
1091:
918:
Latino-Punic Epigraphy: A Descriptive Study of the Inscriptions
859:
Henri Marrou Irenaeus, André Mandouze, Anne-Marie Bonnardière,
297:
and was the seat of a Christian bishop. Under the Romans and
969:
Géographie de l'Afrique chrétienne, Byzacène et Tripolitaine
379:
It is located around 140 km (87 mi) southwest of
467:, while Roman immigrants largely remained in a separate
323:
The Carthaginians recorded the town's name variously as
513:
status, whereby all residents were automatically given
984:, Volume IV "St. Augustine" (Cosimo, Inc., 1 May 2007)
509:. The city received a uniform Roman constitution and
734:
of the Roman Catholic Church, and there have been 20
2991:
2935:
2889:
2843:
2742:
2676:
2575:
2469:
2320:
2179:
2118:
2057:
1946:
1870:
1819:
1738:
1662:
1606:
1535:
1454:
1358:
1282:
1206:
1155:
567:- the Punic language "grand dedicatory inscription"
477:). Mactaris grew into one of the richest cities in
189:
181:
176:
159:
154:
142:
127:
32:
997:known only from inscription in Basilica at Maktar.
3084:Ancient Roman buildings and structures in Tunisia
744:Six bishops are known from antiquity, including:
1122:
599:The Tunisian government included the site in
8:
982:Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers: First Series
892:Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria
438:. The establishment grew rapidly, and under
861:Prosopography of Christian Africa (303–533)
472:
2466:
1152:
1129:
1115:
1107:
29:
526:Notitia provinciarum et civitatum Africae
383:and 60 km (37 mi) southeast of
789:
635:
231:, is a town and archaeological site in
188:
175:
153:
126:
91:
57:
48:
532:. Maktar survived the invasion of the
847:
795:
793:
572:remarkable ancient sites in Tunisia.
180:
158:
141:
7:
1102:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1010:(University of Toronto Press, 2013)
876:/ Année 1884 / Volume 28 / Numéro 2
356:
344:
332:
27:Town in Siliana Governorate, Tunisia
3074:Roman amphitheaters in North Africa
220:
3064:Former populated places in Tunisia
971:(Montreuil-sur-Mer 1894), 127–133.
738:since 1514. The current bishop is
547:, but the devastating raid of the
485:, livestock, and textiles between
25:
1090:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
944:Titular Episcopal See of Mactaris
802:National Institute of Statistics
442:developed into a major center of
413:Atlas archéologique de la Tunisie
1138:
713:
701:
689:
677:
665:
653:
638:
131:
70:
63:
50:
819:Les cités de l'Afrique romaine
481:as a transit point for grain,
71:
1:
387:. The modern town lies on a
958:, at catholic-hierarchy.org
834:, Volume 3 (Straker, 1843)
821:. 1981, Bd. 2, pp. 289–295.
289:146. It formed part of the
3100:
758:Adelfius fl.484 (Catholic)
748:Marcus of Mactaris fl 325.
249:as a defense post against
242:Maktar was founded by the
224:
2465:
1151:
305:but was destroyed by the
257:, it was settled by many
92:
58:
49:
42:
660:Forum and Arch of Trajan
536:and became an important
2577:Sidi Bouzid Governorate
1041:Ghaki, Mansour (2015),
832:Origines Ecclesiasticae
505:(97–117), the city was
3059:Roman sites in Tunisia
931:"Epigraphik Datenbank"
800:Population Census 2004
568:
473:
423:
415:
251:Carthaginian expansion
3079:Ancient Berber cities
2845:Tataouine Governorate
1740:Kasserine Governorate
1300:Bou Mhel el-Bassatine
1284:Ben Arous Governorate
1099:Catholic Encyclopedia
920:(Mohr Siebeck, 2010).
562:
421:
410:
2993:Zaghouan Governorate
2638:Al Ahouaz-El Assouda
2181:Monastir Governorate
2120:Médenine Governorate
1664:Kairouan Governorate
1608:Jendouba Governorate
708:Basilica of Rutilius
576:Pre-Roman structures
543:Maktar survived the
253:. At the end of the
112:35.86056°N 9.20583°E
3069:Communes of Tunisia
2678:Siliana Governorate
2598:Cebbala Ouled Asker
2492:Bir Ali Ben Khélifa
2059:Manouba Governorate
1923:Sakiet Sidi Youssef
1406:Menzel Abderrahmane
1360:Bizerte Governorate
1145:Communes of Tunisia
751:Comparitor fl.411 (
565:Maktar inscriptions
397:continental climate
261:refugees after the
233:Siliana Governorate
149:Siliana Governorate
108: /
84:Location in Tunisia
2891:Tozeur Governorate
2744:Sousse Governorate
2322:Nabeul Governorate
2267:Ksibet el-Médiouni
1948:Mahdia Governorate
1821:Kébili Governorate
1183:Kalâat el-Andalous
1157:Ariana Governorate
767:Victor 6th century
569:
424:
416:
182: • Total
160: • Mayor
3046:
3045:
3042:
3041:
2937:Tunis Governorate
2912:El Hamma du Jérid
2633:Sidi Ali Ben Aoun
2461:
2460:
1537:Gafsa Governorate
1456:Gabès Governorate
1059:978-88-6719-125-3
946:at GCatholic.org.
740:Pedro Dulay Arigo
515:Roman citizenship
309:tribe in the 11th
265:' destruction of
223:), also known by
206:
205:
172:
117:35.86056; 9.20583
16:(Redirected from
3091:
2608:Menzel Bouzaiane
2471:Sfax Governorate
2467:
2202:Amiret El Hojjaj
1502:Nouvelle Matmata
1396:Menzel Bourguiba
1208:Béja Governorate
1153:
1143:
1142:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1108:
1103:
1095:
1093:"Mactaris"
1074:
1070:
1047:
1029:
1028:
1021:
1015:
1004:
998:
995:
989:
978:
972:
965:
959:
953:
947:
941:
935:
934:
927:
921:
916:Robert M. Kerr,
914:
908:
907:
887:
881:
870:
864:
857:
851:
845:
839:
830:Joseph Bingham,
828:
822:
812:
806:
805:
797:
717:
705:
693:
681:
669:
657:
642:
595:
545:Muslim invasions
476:
453:
448:fall of Carthage
358:
350:
346:
338:
334:
326:
312:
303:Muslim invasions
288:
281:BC and became a
280:
272:
222:
166:
135:
123:
122:
120:
119:
118:
113:
109:
106:
105:
104:
101:
74:
73:
67:
54:
30:
21:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3038:
2987:
2931:
2885:
2839:
2738:
2672:
2571:
2457:
2453:Zaouiet Djedidi
2418:Menzel Bouzelfa
2316:
2197:Amiret El Fhoul
2175:
2114:
2053:
1942:
1872:Kef Governorate
1866:
1815:
1776:Magel Bel Abbes
1734:
1658:
1602:
1531:
1522:Menzel El Habib
1450:
1354:
1278:
1202:
1147:
1137:
1135:
1089:
1081:
1072:
1060:
1045:
1040:
1037:
1032:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1006:Brent D. Shaw,
1005:
1001:
996:
992:
980:Philip Schaff,
979:
975:
966:
962:
954:
950:
942:
938:
929:
928:
924:
915:
911:
889:
888:
884:
871:
867:
858:
854:
846:
842:
829:
825:
815:Claude Lepelley
813:
809:
803:
798:
791:
787:
782:
774:
736:titular bishops
728:
721:
718:
709:
706:
697:
694:
685:
682:
673:
670:
661:
658:
649:
643:
630:
628:Scholia Juvenum
618:
609:
593:
578:
557:
451:
405:
377:
357:𐤌𐤊𐤕𐤏𐤓𐤉𐤌
348:
336:
324:
321:
310:
286:
278:
270:
255:Third Punic War
116:
114:
110:
107:
102:
99:
97:
95:
94:
88:
87:
86:
85:
82:
81:
80:
79:
75:
45:
38:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3097:
3095:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3051:
3050:
3044:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
2997:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2941:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2895:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2849:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2830:Zaouiet Sousse
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2805:Ksibet Thrayet
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2748:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2734:Sidi Bou Rouis
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2682:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2581:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2547:Sakiet Eddaier
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2475:
2473:
2463:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2388:Hammam Ghezeze
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2326:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2227:Bennane-Bodher
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2207:Amiret Touazra
2204:
2199:
2194:
2185:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2124:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2063:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1952:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1930:
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345:𐤌𐤊𐤕𐤓𐤏𐤌
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275:Julius Caesar
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93:Coordinates:
66:
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41:
31:
19:
3000:
2983:Sidi Hassine
2944:
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2835:Chott Meriem
2825:Sidi El Hani
2820:Sidi Bou Ali
2790:Kalâa Kebira
2751:
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2593:Bir El Hafey
2584:
2552:Sakiet Ezzit
2478:
2363:Dar Chaabane
2343:Béni Khalled
2329:
2292:Menzel Kamel
2287:Menzel Hayet
2282:Menzel Farsi
2217:Bembla-Mnara
2188:
2127:
2085:Douar Hicher
2075:Borj El Amri
2066:
2029:Sidi Alouane
1955:
1913:Menzel Salem
1903:Kalaat Senan
1879:
1857:Rjim Maatoug
1828:
1747:
1680:Ain Djeloula
1671:
1615:
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1401:Menzel Jemil
1386:Ghar El Melh
1367:
1315:Hammam Chott
1291:
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1035:Bibliography
1019:
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848:Ghaki (2015)
843:
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672:Amphitheatre
631:
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607:Trajan Forum
601:its proposal
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583:
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479:the province
462:
460:
446:. After the
425:
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378:
364:
363:the name as
322:
315:
283:Roman colony
241:
212:
208:
207:
3019:Bir Mcherga
3014:Djebel Oust
2958:La Goulette
2643:Baten Ghzal
2586:Sidi Bouzid
2423:Menzel Horr
2373:El Maâmoura
2368:El Haouaria
2358:Dar Allouch
2262:Ksar Hellal
2222:Beni Hassen
2141:Ben Gardane
2014:Mellouleche
2009:Ksour Essef
1649:Oued Melliz
1269:Sidi Ismail
1224:El Maâgoula
1193:Sidi Thabet
1085:Lexicorient
1073:(in French)
878:pp. 281-286
804:(in French)
732:titular see
622:frigidarium
616:Large baths
563:One of the
555:Archaeology
371:as Maktar.
333:𐤌𐤊𐤕𐤓𐤌
225:other names
169:Civil Union
144:Governorate
115: /
3053:Categories
2871:Ghomrassen
2861:Bir Lahmar
2810:Messaadine
2704:El Aroussa
2668:Souk Jedid
2353:Bou Argoub
2348:Béni Khiar
2242:El Masdour
2156:Houmt Souk
2100:Oued Ellil
2068:La Manouba
1964:Bou Merdes
1933:Tajerouine
1862:Souk Lahad
1771:Jedelienne
1644:Ghardimaou
1629:Beni M'Tir
1624:Ain Draham
1553:El Guettar
1325:Hammam Lif
1305:El Mourouj
1244:Téboursouk
1173:Ettadhamen
967:Toulotte,
780:References
549:Beni Hilal
540:fortress.
522:Diocletian
307:Banu Hilal
299:Byzantines
177:Population
155:Government
100:35°51′38″N
2854:Tataouine
2775:Ezzouhour
2699:Bou Arada
2532:El Hencha
2527:Kerkennah
2522:Jebiniana
2497:Bir Salah
2403:Kerkouane
2383:Grombalia
2302:Ouerdanin
2151:Boughrara
2105:Mornaguia
2095:El Battan
1989:Essouassi
1979:El Bradâa
1811:Ezzouhour
1749:Kasserine
1725:Nasrallah
1705:Oueslatia
1690:Bou Hajla
1634:Bou Salem
1598:Sidi Aïch
1527:Teboulbou
1517:Bouchemma
1482:Ghannouch
1421:Ras Jebel
1340:Mohamedia
1293:Ben Arous
1229:Goubellat
1198:La Soukra
1068:2283-5636
785:Citations
726:Bishopric
538:Byzantine
507:romanized
469:community
454:BC, many
440:Masinissa
375:Geography
361:latinized
247:Numidians
229:antiquity
191:Time zone
103:9°12′21″E
3002:Zaghouan
2968:Le Bardo
2963:La Marsa
2953:Carthage
2765:Bouficha
2658:Mansoura
2618:Mezzouna
2613:Meknassy
2393:Hammamet
2312:Teboulba
2237:Cherahil
2190:Monastir
2129:Médenine
2110:Tebourba
2090:Djedeida
2039:Sidi Zid
1974:Chorbane
1898:El Ksour
1842:El Golâa
1806:El Ayoun
1796:Thélepte
1761:Foussana
1700:Echrarda
1673:Kairouan
1617:Jendouba
1573:Moulares
1568:Métlaoui
1477:El Hamma
1426:Sejenane
1330:Khalidia
1320:Fouchana
1264:Slouguia
1259:Ouchtata
956:Mactaris
904:41857007
764:Rutilius
761:Germanus
753:Donatist
720:Basilica
645:Arch of
528:and the
501:. Under
491:Sufetula
487:Carthage
432:Kairouan
369:arabized
365:Mactaris
295:Byzacena
291:province
267:Carthage
18:Mactaris
3024:Nadhour
3009:El Fahs
2973:Le Kram
2922:Tamerza
2907:Degache
2815:M'saken
2724:Makthar
2714:Gaâfour
2709:El Krib
2687:Siliana
2653:Essaïda
2648:Bennour
2567:El Amra
2448:Tazerka
2443:Takelsa
2433:Soliman
2413:Korbous
2398:Kélibia
2378:El Mida
2297:Moknine
2247:Ghenada
2232:Bouhjar
2212:Bekalta
2080:Den Den
2024:Rejiche
1938:Touiref
1893:Jérissa
1888:Dahmani
1781:Sbeitla
1756:Fériana
1710:Haffouz
1695:Chebika
1654:Tabarka
1639:Fernana
1588:Belkhir
1578:Redeyef
1558:El Ksar
1507:Oudhref
1497:Métouia
1492:Matmata
1441:Joumine
1436:Ghezala
1416:Raf Raf
1411:Metline
1381:El Alia
1369:Bizerte
1335:Mégrine
1310:Ezzahra
1249:Testour
1027:. 2022.
863:p 1314.
772:Culture
534:Vandals
499:Tebessa
464:sufetes
444:Numidia
428:Sbeitla
403:History
389:plateau
349:mktʿrym
347:), and
237:Tunisia
227:during
213:Makthar
137:Tunisia
128:Country
3034:Saouaf
3005:(seat)
2949:(seat)
2927:Hazoua
2903:(seat)
2900:Tozeur
2876:Remada
2866:Dehiba
2857:(seat)
2800:Kondar
2785:Hergla
2770:Enfida
2760:Akouda
2756:(seat)
2753:Sousse
2729:Rouhia
2694:Bargou
2690:(seat)
2628:Regueb
2589:(seat)
2557:Skhira
2537:Mahres
2517:Gremda
2512:Graiba
2507:El Ain
2502:Chihia
2487:Agareb
2483:(seat)
2338:Azmour
2334:(seat)
2331:Nabeul
2307:Sayada
2257:Khniss
2252:Jemmal
2193:(seat)
2166:Zarzis
2161:Midoun
2132:(seat)
2071:(seat)
2044:Tlelsa
2034:Hkaima
2004:Kerker
1999:Hiboun
1994:Hebira
1984:El Jem
1969:Chebba
1960:(seat)
1957:Mahdia
1918:Nebeur
1884:(seat)
1881:Le Kef
1852:Faouar
1847:Djemna
1833:(seat)
1830:Kébili
1766:Haidra
1752:(seat)
1730:Sbikha
1676:(seat)
1620:(seat)
1563:Mdhila
1549:(seat)
1487:Mareth
1468:(seat)
1446:Utique
1391:Mateur
1376:Aousja
1372:(seat)
1345:Mornag
1296:(seat)
1274:Thibar
1254:Amdoun
1220:(seat)
1188:Raoued
1178:Mnihla
1169:(seat)
1166:Ariana
1066:
1056:
902:
836:p. 241
647:Trajan
594:
586:Dougga
511:colony
503:Trajan
497:, and
495:Thugga
452:
450:in 146
436:El Kef
434:, and
393:ravine
385:El Kef
337:mktrʿm
311:
287:
279:
271:
269:in 146
263:Romans
244:Berber
217:Arabic
209:Maktar
185:13,576
78:Maktar
34:Maktar
3029:Zriba
2946:Tunis
2917:Nefta
2719:Kesra
2663:Rahal
2603:Jilma
2562:Thyna
2438:Somâa
2408:Korba
2272:Lamta
2049:Zelba
1791:Thala
1786:Sbiba
1583:Sened
1546:Gafsa
1512:Zarat
1465:Gabès
1431:Tinja
1350:Rades
1239:Nefza
1046:(PDF)
900:JSTOR
474:pagus
456:Punic
381:Tunis
353:Punic
341:Punic
329:Punic
325:mktrm
285:in AD
277:in 46
259:Punic
2881:Smâr
2480:Sfax
2136:Ajim
1928:Sers
1837:Douz
1685:Alaâ
1593:Lela
1217:Béja
1064:ISSN
1054:ISBN
986:p500
596:BC.
319:Name
221:مكثر
196:UTC1
44:Town
37:مكثر
1012:p56
592:100
483:oil
335:),
293:of
211:or
200:CET
3055::
1096:.
1071:.
1062:,
1048:,
894:.
817::
792:^
517:.
493:,
489:,
430:,
355::
343::
331::
239:.
235:,
219::
171:)
1130:e
1123:t
1116:v
1014:.
988:.
933:.
906:.
896:7
880:.
838:.
755:)
471:(
351:(
339:(
327:(
215:(
202:)
198:(
167:(
20:)
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