1635:, Minnie is described as "a sloppy, negligent and careless policeman". Pauw criticised the book's authors, especially Minnie, for the quality of the investigation and research supporting the allegations and Steyn for having a conflict of interest; and asserted that this has had a negative impact on the victims getting justice. In April 2019, a major South African newspaper, Rapport, published an apology for their reporting based on the book. The newspaper apologised to the surviving relatives of Malan as new evidence had emerged that cast doubt on the contents of the book and the key allegations were based on unsubstantiated hearsay. On the morning of 3 March 2020, Johan Victor Attorneys, who represented
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and the surviving families of Malan and Wiley, released a press statement revealing that, after a forensic investigation was conducted into the allegations made in the book, major concessions and a lack of concrete evidence implicating any of the ministers had been found. The publishers of The Lost
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contains testimony that Malan used his position as
Defence Minister to kidnap and ferry young Coloured boys to an island off the coast of South Africa by helicopter, under the pretext of going on a fishing trip. They were then allegedly raped and otherwise sexually abused by Malan and other members
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Malan and the other accused were bailed and ordered to appear in court again on 1 December 1995. A seven-month trial then ensued and brought hostility between black and white South
Africans to the fore once again. All the accused were eventually acquitted. President Mandela called on South Africans
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513:, where he completed his matriculation. He wanted to join the South African armed forces immediately after his matriculation, but his father advised him first to complete his university studies. As a result of this advice, Malan enrolled at the
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As P.W. Botha's cabinet minister, he posited a total communist onslaught, for which an encompassing national strategy was devised. This entailed placing policing, intelligence and aspects of civic affairs under control of generals. The
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Only the Cunene clasp was awarded, to members who served in Angola during
Operation Savannah in 1975 and 1976. Recipients of the clasp wear a button, with the letter C encircled by a wreath, on the ribbon
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Dave Allen was later arrested for paedophilia but was found dead from an apparent suicide before he was due to appear in court. Wiley was found dead just weeks later. Mark Minnie, one of the authors of
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1616:, and at least one other government minister who is not named but is still alive. The book, however, contained sufficient information for readers to conclude that former finance minister,
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453:. Rising quickly through the lower ranks, he was appointed to strategic command positions. His tenure as chief of the defence force saw it increase in size, efficiency and capabilities.
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117 S. African L.J. 572 (2000) Second Bite at the
Amnesty Cherry – Constitutional and Policy Issues around Legislation for a Second Amnesty, A; Klaaren, Jonathan; Varney, Howard
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The allegations were met with scepticism and rejected by those who were intimately acquainted with Malan, including his surviving family. In a review by investigative journalist
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and later a member of parliament (1948–1966) and Deputy
Speaker and Chairman of Committees (1961–1966) of the House of Assembly. He started his high school education at the
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605:(SADF). As Chief of the SADF he implemented many administrative changes that earned him great admiration in military circles. During this period he became very close to
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Baines, Gary. "The life of a uniformed technocrat turned securocrat: My life with the SA Defence Force, Magnus Malan: book review." Historia 54, no. 1 (2009): 314–327.
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477:. Cross-border raids targeted suspected bases of insurgents or activists, while at home the army entered townships from 1984 onwards to stifle unrest. Elements in the
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Malan was commissioned in the Navy and served in the
Marines based on Robben Island. When they were disbanded, he was transferred back into the Army as a lieutenant.
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1512:. It is believed to be one of the very few, if not the only, interviews Malan gave outside of South Africa. In 2006, he published an autobiography titled
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On 2 November 1995, Malan was charged together with 19 other former senior military officers for murdering 13 people (including seven children) in the
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16 S. Afr. J. on Hum. Rts. 415 (2000) After the Dry White Season: The
Dilemmas of Reparation and Reconstruction in South Africa; Jenkins, Catherine
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10 S. Afr. J. Crim. Just. 141 (1997) Failing to Pierce the Hit Squad Veil: An
Analysis of the Malan Trial; Varney, Howard; Sarkin, Jeremy
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government, a post he held until 1991. As a result of this appointment, he joined the
National Party and became Member of Parliament for
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to respect the verdict. Nonetheless in South Africa, the Malan trial has come to be seen by some as a failure of the legal process.
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removed Malan from his influential post of defence minister and appointed him as the minister for water affairs and forestry.
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The "New" South Africa: Violence Works Bill
Berkeley World Policy Journal , Vol. 13, No. 4 (Winter, 1996/1997), pp. 73–80
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Herbert M. Howe (1994). The South African Defence Force and Political Reform. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 32
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Malan was earmarked for high office from early on in his military career; one of the many courses he attended was the
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Malan died at his home in Pretoria on 18 July 2011. He was survived by his wife, 3 children and 9 grandchildren.
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433:(30 January 1930 – 18 July 2011) was a South African military figure and politician during the last years of
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of the ring who purportedly included local businessman Dave Allen, former minister of environmental affairs
1482:(IFP), and maintaining white minority rule. The charges related to an attack in January 1987 on the home of
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and spent time doing manouvres with an American Armoured Division. In 1967, at age 36, while stationed in
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During Malan's tenure in parliament as defence minister, his greatest opposition came from MPs of the
601:
In 1973, Malan was appointed as Chief of the South African Army and three years later as Chief of the
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At the end of 1949, the first military degree course for officers was advertised and Malan joined the
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2546:"Bird Island report was 'mistake' – Afrikaans newspaper Rapport apologises to apartheid politicians"
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and Philip Myburgh, who both served as shadow defence ministers at various points during the 1980s.
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In 1962, Malan married Magrietha Johanna van der Walt; the couple had two sons and one daughter.
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2624:"Publisher 'unreservedly apologises' to Barend du Plessis over Lost Boys of Bird Island book"
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in 1987. The murders were said to have been part of a conspiracy to create war between the
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2427:"Apartheid paedophile ring: Suicide note found at scene where Mark Minnie's body found"
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1419:. He was also elected to be a member of the Executive Council of the National Party.
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2375:"Apartheid's paedophiles: 'Magnus Malan and others in sex orgies with young boys'"
2018:"The South African Navy during the years of conflict in Southern Africa 1966–1989"
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People who testified at the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Africa)
2598:"'The Lost Boys of Bird Island': Publishers withdraw paedophilia scandal book"
2336:"'The Lost Boys of Bird Island': Publishers withdraw paedophilia scandal book"
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1989 Acta Juridica 165 (1989) Sub-Contracting the Dirty Work; Plasket, Clive
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On 26 January 2007, he was interviewed by shortwave/Internet talk radio show
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In July 1991, following a scandal involving secret government funding to the
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Shattered voices: language, violence, and the work of truth commissions,
1974:
State security in South Africa: civil-military relations under P.W. Botha
575:
182:
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2282:"Elite ring of apartheid paedophiles allegedly preyed on coloured boys"
2050:"Mayibuye – Volume 6 No. 8 – December 1995 | African National Congress"
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186:
25:
2310:"Magnus Malan, two other National Party ministers 'were paedophiles'"
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were used as a proxy force, and rogue soldiers and policemen in the
2653:
Obituary of General Magnus Malan, The Daily Telegraph, 19 July 2011
582:
organization. He went on to serve as commanding officer of various
570:
from 1962 to 1963. During this time he was introduced to President
3722:
Perpetrators of political repression in apartheid-era South Africa
466:
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529:, where he enrolled for a BSc Mil. degree. He graduated in 1953.
465:
were branded as terrorist organizations, while splinter groups (
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was named after him prior to the change of government in 1994.
1411:
In October 1980, Botha appointed Malan defence minister in the
1525:
458:
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Scientia Militaria: South African Journal of Military Studies
578:
and holding the rank of colonel, Malan joined the secretive
1593:
In August 2018, a book by a former apartheid-era policeman
1955:, South African History Online. Retrieved 3 December 2007
1807:. Johannesburg: Jonathan Ball Publishers SA. p. A70.
2528:"Mark Minnie: A sloppy, negligent and careless policeman"
2006:, South African History Online. Retrieved 3 December 2007
629:
Malan was awarded the following awards and decorations:
1550:
1805:
The Super-Afrikaners: Inside the Afrikaner Broederbond
1652:, but not to any other person identified in the book.
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as a cadet, going on to complete his BSc Mil at the
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2571:"Rapport sĂŞ: 'Bird Island': Ons het 'n fout gemaak"
2475:"Magnus se familie verwerp bewering 'ten sterkste'"
521:degree. However, he later abandoned his studies in
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3687:South African military personnel of the Border War
3627:Recipient of the Order of the Star of South Africa
2401:"Police issue warning on cabinet member's suicide"
2158:
1875:
3642:Recipients of the Pro Patria Medal (South Africa)
556:Regular Command and General Staff Officers Course
2074:1995: Ex-minister charged with apartheid murders
3677:Members of the House of Assembly (South Africa)
2622:Charles Cilliers, The Citizen (3 March 2020).
2501:"'Loutere kaf, sĂŞ Pik oor bewerings oor Malan"
2214:"Magnus Malan, Apartheid Defender, Dies at 81"
1909:. Cape Town: Zebra Press (Struck Publishers).
3516:
3353:
3114:
2899:
1932:"OBITUARY: GENERAL MAGNUS MALAN, 1930 – 2011"
1696:"Obit – Magnus Malan: monster and militarist"
1559:that contextualizes different points of view.
1545:to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies
1387:
8:
1803:Wilkins, Ivor; Strydom, Hans (1 June 2012).
1776:
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16:South African military figure and politician
3632:Recipients of the Southern Cross Decoration
3532:Minister of Water and Environmental Affairs
2359:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
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1878:South African Military Who's Who 1452–1992
1601:alleged that Malan had been involved in a
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3667:National Party (South Africa) politicians
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1575:Learn how and when to remove this message
1828:
1826:
1824:
1698:. South Africa. City Press. 23 July 2011
319:Chief of the South African Defence Force
1903:Hamann, Hilton (2001). "Introduction".
1682:
1661:
1335:Music in the movement against apartheid
772:
3637:Recipients of the Southern Cross Medal
2676:Minister of Water Affairs and Forestry
2352:
1936:South African Military History Journal
1754:"Magnus Malan dies 'peacefully' at 81"
1690:
1688:
1686:
1620:, was the implicated living minister.
3137:List of South African military chiefs
2925:List of South African military chiefs
2449:"Magnus se familie 'geweldig geskok'"
2076:, BBC News. Retrieved 3 November 2006
1833:Nöthling, C.J.; Meyers, E.M. (1982).
473:) were bolstered in neighbouring and
7:
3129:Chiefs of the South African military
1501:Malan also had to appear before the
3717:Alumni of Afrikaanse Hoër Seunskool
1503:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
810:Coloured vote constitutional crisis
1882:. Germiston: Fortress Publishers.
1835:"Leiers Deur die Jare (1912-1982)"
1514:My Life With the SA Defence Force.
756:Permanent Force Good Service Medal
493:Malan's father was a professor of
14:
3672:Defence ministers of South Africa
2425:Wilson, Gareth (14 August 2018).
2167:from the original on 9 April 2023
2160:"Malan gave SA 'total onslaught'"
509:’s Physical Education Brigade in
3682:Chiefs of the South African Army
3296:
3242:
3201:
3150:
2954:
2157:HOPEWELL RADEBE (19 July 2011).
2145:University of Pennsylvania Press
1752:Davies, Richard (18 July 2011).
1530:
1363:
1362:
1325:Internal resistance to apartheid
780:
750:
735:
720:
705:
686:
671:
652:
633:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
256:
2212:Douglas Martin (18 July 2011).
1628:was found dead in August 2018.
835:Church Street, Pretoria bombing
711:Pro Patria Medal (South Africa)
619:State President of South Africa
222:
3697:Stellenbosch University alumni
3295:1994 – present
2838:South African Military Academy
1953:Magnus Andre De Merindol Malan
596:South African Military Academy
398:Magnus André de Merindol Malan
331:South African Military Academy
212:Magrietha Johanna van der Walt
146:Magnus André de Merindol Malan
1:
3702:University of Pretoria alumni
3463:Post-apartheid (1994–present)
1930:Sinclair, Allan (June 2011).
1605:ring in the 1980s. The book,
658:Order for Meritorious Service
248:Politician and military chief
1608:The Lost Boys of Bird Island
1589:The Lost Boys of Bird Island
1300:Apartheid in popular culture
441:in the cabinet of President
437:. He served respectively as
3241:1973 – 1994
3200:1958 – 1973
3149:1912 – 1957
2736:South African Defence Force
2680:1991 – 1993
1437:and other opponents of the
870:Saint James Church massacre
865:Assassination of Chris Hani
603:South African Defence Force
447:South African Defence Force
3738:
3712:People acquitted of murder
3195:Commandant General of the
2405:United Press International
1586:
875:1994 Bophuthatswana crisis
515:University of Stellenbosch
3134:
2952:
2922:
2872:
2866:South West Africa Command
2862:
2854:
2844:
2834:
2826:
2816:
2806:
2798:
2790:
2780:
2772:
2760:
2752:
2742:
2732:
2724:
2719:
2709:
2700:
2692:
2682:
2673:
2665:
2660:
1476:African National Congress
1439:African National Congress
1424:Progressive Federal Party
1123:Winnie Madikizela-Mandela
677:Southern Cross Decoration
592:South West Africa Command
503:Afrikaanse Hoër Seunskool
449:(SADF), and Chief of the
435:apartheid in South Africa
388:
132:
81:
70:
58:
2810:Western Province Command
2175:– via PressReader.
1490:township near Durban in
1310:Cape Qualified Franchise
588:Western Province Command
568:United States of America
485:assassinated opponents.
327:Western Province Command
65:Magnus Malan circa 1990.
3417:Apartheid era (1948–94)
3380:Pre-apartheid (1910–48)
2776:William "Bill" Matthews
2334:Riaan Grobler, news24.
2002:1 November 2007 at the
1972:Roherty, James (1992).
1782:"Magnus Malan's career"
1340:Nostalgia for apartheid
517:in 1949 to study for a
2261:. News24. 18 July 2011
1784:. News24. 18 July 2011
1718:"General Magnus Malan"
1486:, an ANC activist, in
1315:Disinvestment campaign
1040:State Security Council
625:Awards and decorations
546:University of Pretoria
527:University of Pretoria
505:but later moved to Dr
499:University of Pretoria
239:University of Pretoria
3307:Georg Lodewyk Meiring
3278:Georg Lodewyk Meiring
2648:The interview of 2007
1959:18 March 2011 at the
1640:Boys of Bird Island,
1553:by rewriting it in a
1510:The Right Perspective
1480:Inkatha Freedom Party
1435:Inkatha Freedom Party
1305:Apartheid legislation
1295:Afrikaner nationalism
855:Cape Town peace march
845:Trojan Horse Incident
805:1948 general election
479:Inkhata Freedom Party
299:Years of service
3692:Apartheid government
3657:People from Pretoria
3018:Charles 'Pop' Fraser
3002:Charles 'Pop' Fraser
2141:Teresa Godwin Phelps
1997:Chronology 1990–1999
1906:Days of the Generals
1472:KwaMakhutha massacre
1203:Eugène Terre'Blanche
1073:Mangosuthu Buthelezi
880:Shell House massacre
850:Khotso House bombing
820:Sharpeville massacre
692:Southern Cross Medal
639:Star of South Africa
519:Bachelor of Commerce
3409:(as Prime Minister)
3268:Johannes Geldenhuys
3166:Pierre van Ryneveld
3038:Johannes Geldenhuys
2992:Sybrand Engelbrecht
2964:Army Chief of Staff
2864:Officer Commanding
2836:Officer Commanding
2808:Officer Commanding
2703:Minister of Defence
2696:Pieter Willem Botha
2661:Government offices
2280:reporter, Citizen.
2259:"Magnus Malan dies"
2234:"Magnus Malan dies"
2190:7 July 2011 at the
1758:Mail & Guardian
1478:(ANC) and the Zulu
1350:Sullivan Principles
611:Minister of Defence
439:Minister of Defence
76:Minister of Defence
3273:Andreas Liebenberg
3176:Christiaan du Toit
3053:Hattingh Pretorius
3043:Andreas Liebenberg
2986:W. R. Van der Riet
2941:Christiaan du Toit
2916:South African Army
2876:Andre van Deventer
2764:South African Army
2437:on 14 August 2018.
2219:The New York Times
2030:on 2 December 2013
1976:. M E Sharpe Inc.
1644:, a subsidiary of
1460:South African Navy
935:Conservative Party
815:1956 Treason Trial
741:Good Service Medal
726:Good Service Medal
451:South African Army
341:Operation Savannah
290:South African Navy
285:South African Army
3614:
3613:
3498:
3497:
3369:Defence ministers
3335:
3334:
3327:Rudzani Maphwanya
3217:Pieter Grobbelaar
3096:
3095:
3011:Chief of the Army
2976:Pieter Grobbelaar
2882:
2881:
2873:Succeeded by
2845:Succeeded by
2817:Succeeded by
2791:Succeeded by
2743:Succeeded by
2720:Military offices
2710:Succeeded by
2683:Succeeded by
1874:Uys, Ian (1992).
1650:Barend du Plessis
1637:Barend du Plessis
1618:Barend du Plessis
1585:
1584:
1577:
1539:This article may
1404:
1403:
1261:South-West Africa
745:Silver (20 Years)
715:with Cunene Clasp
392:
391:
323:Chief of the Army
3729:
3662:Afrikaner people
3525:
3518:
3511:
3502:
3362:
3355:
3348:
3339:
3300:
3263:Constand Viljoen
3246:
3222:Rudolph Hiemstra
3212:Stephen Melville
3205:
3186:Stephen Melville
3154:
3123:
3116:
3109:
3100:
3073:Vusumuzi Masondo
3033:Constand Viljoen
2958:
2932:Director-General
2908:
2901:
2894:
2885:
2855:Preceded by
2827:Preceded by
2799:Preceded by
2773:Preceded by
2753:Preceded by
2746:Constand Viljoen
2725:Preceded by
2693:Preceded by
2666:Preceded by
2658:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2433:. Archived from
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2358:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2306:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2209:
2203:
2200:
2194:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2162:
2154:
2148:
2137:
2131:
2128:
2122:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2104:
2101:
2095:
2092:
2086:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2029:
2023:. Archived from
2022:
2016:Wessels, Andre.
2013:
2007:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1969:
1963:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1881:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1854:
1852:10.5787/12-2-631
1841:(in Afrikaans).
1830:
1819:
1818:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1778:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1749:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1692:
1670:
1666:
1580:
1573:
1569:
1566:
1560:
1556:balanced fashion
1534:
1533:
1526:
1407:Political career
1396:
1389:
1382:
1366:
1365:
1163:Albertina Sisulu
1158:Benjamin Moloise
1093:Arthur Goldreich
784:
761:
754:
739:
724:
709:
690:
675:
656:
637:
560:Fort Leavenworth
475:Frontline States
432:
427:
420:
413:
406:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
265:Military service
260:
226:
224:
179:
155:
153:
137:Personal details
123:
111:
95:
86:
63:
53:
21:
3737:
3736:
3732:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3727:
3726:
3617:
3616:
3615:
3610:
3569:
3548:
3538:
3529:
3499:
3494:
3458:
3412:
3375:
3366:
3336:
3331:
3317:Godfrey Ngwenya
3294:
3282:
3240:
3231:
3199:
3190:
3181:Hendrik Klopper
3148:
3139:
3130:
3127:
3097:
3092:
3088:Lawrence Mbatha
3083:Thabiso Mokhosi
3006:
2971:Hendrik Klopper
2959:
2950:
2946:Hendrik Klopper
2933:
2927:
2918:
2912:
2878:
2869:
2860:
2858:Chockie Coetser
2850:
2848:Johan Potgieter
2841:
2832:
2822:
2813:
2804:
2794:
2787:
2782:Chief of Staff
2778:
2767:
2758:
2748:
2739:
2730:
2715:
2706:
2698:
2688:
2679:
2671:
2644:
2639:
2638:
2628:
2626:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2606:
2604:
2596:Riaan Grobler.
2595:
2594:
2590:
2580:
2578:
2577:. 14 April 2019
2569:
2568:
2564:
2554:
2552:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2526:Pauw, Jacques.
2525:
2524:
2520:
2510:
2508:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2484:
2482:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2458:
2456:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2409:
2407:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2384:
2382:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2351:
2344:
2342:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2318:
2316:
2308:
2307:
2300:
2290:
2288:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2264:
2262:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2242:
2240:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2192:Wayback Machine
2184:
2180:
2170:
2168:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2125:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2107:
2102:
2098:
2093:
2089:
2084:
2080:
2072:
2068:
2058:
2056:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2020:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2004:Wayback Machine
1995:
1991:
1984:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1961:Wayback Machine
1951:
1947:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1917:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1890:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1832:
1831:
1822:
1815:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1787:
1785:
1780:
1779:
1772:
1762:
1760:
1751:
1750:
1737:
1727:
1725:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1701:
1699:
1694:
1693:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1673:
1667:
1663:
1658:
1597:and journalist
1591:
1581:
1570:
1564:
1561:
1551:help improve it
1548:
1535:
1531:
1524:
1468:
1409:
1400:
1355:
1354:
1330:Kairos Document
1320:Freedom Charter
1290:
1282:
1281:
1265:
1236:
1228:
1227:
1058:Vernon Berrangé
1053:
1045:
1044:
1005:Security Branch
895:
885:
884:
830:Soweto uprising
800:
799:
730:Gold (30 Years)
627:
542:Permanent Force
538:
536:Military career
491:
445:, Chief of the
425:
418:
411:
404:
400:
347:Military awards
329:
325:
321:
294:
253:Civilian awards
228:
225: 1962)
220:
216:
213:
197:Political party
181:
177:
157:
156:30 January 1930
151:
149:
148:
147:
121:
109:
93:
87:
82:
66:
54:
33:
31:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3735:
3733:
3725:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3619:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3577:
3575:
3574:Post-apartheid
3571:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3556:
3554:
3550:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3540:
3539:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3520:
3513:
3505:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3490:Mapisa-Nqakula
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3466:
3464:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3420:
3418:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3410:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3383:
3381:
3377:
3376:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3342:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3312:Siphiwe Nyanda
3309:
3303:
3301:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3249:
3247:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3208:
3206:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3171:Leonard Beyers
3168:
3163:
3157:
3155:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3132:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3118:
3111:
3103:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3063:Gilbert Ramano
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2967:
2965:
2961:
2960:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2937:
2935:
2934:of Land Forces
2929:
2928:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2914:Chiefs of the
2913:
2911:
2910:
2903:
2896:
2888:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2871:
2861:
2856:
2852:
2851:
2846:
2843:
2833:
2828:
2824:
2823:
2818:
2815:
2805:
2800:
2796:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2779:
2774:
2770:
2769:
2759:
2754:
2750:
2749:
2744:
2741:
2731:
2726:
2722:
2721:
2717:
2716:
2711:
2708:
2699:
2694:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2681:
2672:
2667:
2663:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2643:
2642:External links
2640:
2637:
2636:
2614:
2588:
2562:
2537:
2518:
2507:(in Afrikaans)
2492:
2481:(in Afrikaans)
2466:
2455:(in Afrikaans)
2440:
2417:
2392:
2381:. South Africa
2366:
2326:
2298:
2272:
2250:
2225:
2204:
2195:
2178:
2149:
2132:
2123:
2114:
2105:
2096:
2087:
2078:
2066:
2054:www.anc.org.za
2041:
2008:
1989:
1982:
1964:
1945:
1922:
1915:
1895:
1888:
1866:
1820:
1813:
1795:
1770:
1735:
1724:. 19 July 2011
1709:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1583:
1582:
1538:
1536:
1529:
1523:
1520:
1467:
1464:
1443:F. W. de Klerk
1413:National Party
1408:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1391:
1384:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1291:
1289:Related topics
1288:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1213:H. F. Verwoerd
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1193:Adelaide Tambo
1190:
1185:
1183:Robert Sobukwe
1180:
1175:
1173:J. G. Strijdom
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1153:Raymond Mhlaba
1150:
1145:
1140:
1138:Nelson Mandela
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1118:Albert Luthuli
1115:
1113:Ahmed Kathrada
1110:
1105:
1103:Bantu Holomisa
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1078:F. W. de Klerk
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
995:National Party
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
896:
891:
890:
887:
886:
883:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
801:
798:
797:
791:
790:
789:
786:
785:
777:
776:
770:
769:
759:
758:
748:
733:
718:
703:
684:
669:
650:
626:
623:
615:Prime Minister
537:
534:
490:
487:
390:
389:
386:
385:
348:
344:
343:
338:
334:
333:
316:
312:
311:
308:
304:
303:
300:
296:
295:
293:
292:
287:
281:
279:
278:Branch/service
275:
274:
271:
267:
266:
262:
261:
254:
250:
249:
246:
242:
241:
236:
230:
229:
218:
214:
211:
210:
208:
204:
203:
198:
194:
193:
180:(aged 81)
174:
170:
169:
145:
143:
139:
138:
134:
133:
130:
129:
124:
118:
117:
112:
106:
105:
103:F. W. de Klerk
96:
94:Prime Minister
90:
89:
79:
78:
72:
71:
68:
67:
64:
56:
55:
32:
29:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3734:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3553:Apartheid-era
3551:
3545:
3543:pre-Apartheid
3541:
3537:
3533:
3526:
3521:
3519:
3514:
3512:
3507:
3506:
3503:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3461:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3363:
3358:
3356:
3351:
3349:
3344:
3343:
3340:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3253:Hugo Biermann
3251:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3239:
3236:Chief of the
3234:
3228:
3227:Hugo Biermann
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3198:
3193:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3161:Andries Brink
3159:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3147:
3144:Chief of the
3142:
3138:
3133:
3124:
3119:
3117:
3112:
3110:
3105:
3104:
3101:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3058:Reginald Otto
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3048:Georg Meiring
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3009:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2997:Petrus Jacobs
2995:
2993:
2990:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2957:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2930:
2926:
2921:
2917:
2909:
2904:
2902:
2897:
2895:
2890:
2889:
2886:
2877:
2868:
2867:
2859:
2853:
2849:
2840:
2839:
2831:
2830:Pieter de Vos
2825:
2821:
2812:
2811:
2803:
2797:
2786:
2785:
2777:
2771:
2766:
2765:
2762:Chief of the
2757:
2751:
2747:
2738:
2737:
2734:Chief of the
2729:
2728:Hugo Biermann
2723:
2718:
2714:
2705:
2704:
2697:
2691:
2687:
2678:
2677:
2670:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2625:
2618:
2615:
2603:
2599:
2592:
2589:
2576:
2572:
2566:
2563:
2551:
2547:
2541:
2538:
2533:
2529:
2522:
2519:
2506:
2502:
2496:
2493:
2480:
2476:
2470:
2467:
2454:
2450:
2444:
2441:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2421:
2418:
2406:
2402:
2396:
2393:
2380:
2376:
2370:
2367:
2362:
2356:
2341:
2337:
2330:
2327:
2315:
2311:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2287:
2283:
2276:
2273:
2260:
2254:
2251:
2239:
2235:
2229:
2226:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2208:
2205:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2189:
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3438:
3373:South Africa
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3028:Magnus Malan
3027:
2981:Nick Bierman
2863:
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2793:Discontinued
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2025:the original
2011:
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1664:
1633:Jacques Pauw
1630:
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1562:
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1543:undue weight
1540:
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1500:
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1484:Victor Ntuli
1469:
1455:Magnus Malan
1454:
1450:strike craft
1447:
1441:, President
1432:
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1246:District Six
1208:Desmond Tutu
1198:Oliver Tambo
1188:Helen Suzman
1088:Bram Fischer
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507:Danie Craven
495:biochemistry
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337:Battles/wars
273:South Africa
191:South Africa
178:(2011-07-18)
176:18 July 2011
167:South Africa
122:Succeeded by
83:
30:Magnus Malan
18:
3652:2011 deaths
3647:1930 births
3322:Solly Shoke
3078:Lindile Yam
3068:Solly Shoke
3023:Willem Louw
2756:Willem Louw
2713:Roelf Meyer
2686:Kader Asmal
2286:The Citizen
2243:23 February
2171:23 February
2059:23 February
1728:12 December
1603:paedophilia
1599:Chris Steyn
1595:Mark Minnie
1522:Controversy
1488:KwaMakhutha
1148:Thabo Mbeki
1143:Govan Mbeki
1133:D. F. Malan
1128:Mac Maharaj
1063:P. W. Botha
990:Broederbond
609:, the then
580:Broederbond
443:P. W. Botha
127:Roelf Meyer
115:P. W. Botha
110:Preceded by
99:P. W. Botha
3621:Categories
2870:1966–1967
2842:1967–1971
2814:1971–1972
2802:Jan Fourie
2788:1972–1973
2768:1973–1976
2740:1976–1980
2707:1980–1991
2669:Gert Kotzé
2431:Times Live
2379:City Press
2265:2 November
1788:2 November
1677:References
1614:John Wiley
1587:See also:
1466:Later life
1256:Sophiatown
1223:Jacob Zuma
1108:Joel Joffe
1098:Chris Hani
1083:Ruth First
1068:Steve Biko
925:Black Sash
613:and later
607:P.W. Botha
594:, and the
584:formations
270:Allegiance
245:Occupation
234:Alma mater
152:1930-01-30
3596:Hendricks
2820:Helm Roos
2575:Netwerk24
2550:TimesLIVE
2479:Netwerk24
2453:Netwerk24
2355:cite news
2034:14 August
1861:2224-0020
1702:15 August
1656:Footnotes
1642:Tafelberg
1626:Lost Boys
1453:SAS
1277:Vlakplaas
1241:Bantustan
1178:Joe Slovo
774:Apartheid
548:in 1953.
511:Kimberley
302:1950–1980
163:Transvaal
88:1980–1991
84:In office
3397:Creswell
2988:(acting)
2581:14 April
2555:14 April
2511:7 August
2485:7 August
2459:7 August
2410:5 August
2385:5 August
2319:5 August
2291:5 August
2188:Archived
2165:Archived
2000:Archived
1957:Archived
1426:such as
1368:Category
1272:Sun City
766:a series
764:Part of
576:Windhoek
315:Commands
201:National
183:Pretoria
159:Pretoria
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3591:Sonjica
3586:Kasrils
3480:Nqakula
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1000:COSATU
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3387:Smuts
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2532:Life
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